英语九年级上册（2024）Grammar in use课后复习题

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知 识 点 讲 义
一、学习目标
能够理解并运用后缀-en构成的动词和形容词（enlarge, widen, sharpen, darken, shrten等）
能够掌握被动语态的基本结构：一般现在时被动（am/is/are dne）和一般过去时被动（was/were dne）
能够在语境中正确转换主动语态与被动语态
能够运用被动语态描述发明和创造的历史
二、重点
后缀-en的构词规则及其在语境中的运用
被动语态的结构与用法：am/is/are dne, was/were dne
主动语态与被动语态的转换
用被动语态描述事物的材料、用途和发明者
三、难点
区分一般现在时被动和一般过去时被动的使用场景
在语境中正确判断并使用被动语态的时态形式
字词与词汇
语法与句型
1. 后缀 -en 构词法
规则：形容词/名词 + -en → 动词（表示"使变得……""变成……"）
2. 被动语态 (Passive Vice I)
规则：被动语态 = be + 过去分词（dne），be随主语人称和时态变化
被动语态结构：
一般现在时被动：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)
一般过去时被动：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者)
例句：
Many art wrks are created by yung peple tday.
The passprt was discvered in the Lst and Fund.
The airplane was invented by the Wright brthers in 1903.
Ptat chips were invented by Gerge Crum in 1853.
Nw, pst-it ntes are used all ver the wrld.
错误对照表：
学习支架
Passive Vice Transfrmatin Guide
四、知识要点
1. 后缀 -en 的构词规律
英语中，许多形容词和名词可以通过加后缀-en构成动词，表示"使变得……"。例如：wide（宽的）→ widen（加宽），dark（黑暗的）→ darken（使变暗），shrt（短的）→ shrten（缩短）。
2. 被动语态的核心概念
当动作的承受者是句子主语时，使用被动语态。在谈论发明、材料、用途时，被动语态特别常用：
• be made f... 由……制成
• be used fr... 被用于……
• be invented by... 被……发明
3. 一般现在时被动 vs 一般过去时被动
• 描述事物的通常特征、材料、用途 → 一般现在时被动（am/is/are dne）
• 描述过去的发明事件、历史事实 → 一般过去时被动（was/were dne）
例：Wden huses were built in the ld days.（过去的事实）
例：Nw, pst-it ntes are used all ver the wrld.（现在的情况）
4. 核心词汇辨析
enrich vs braden: enrich 侧重于"使丰富"（enrich lives/knwledge），braden 侧重于"使拓宽"（braden minds/hrizns）。
discver vs invent: discver 发现（已存在的事物），invent 发明（原来不存在的事物）。
五、典型例题
【例1】
Fill in the blank with the crrect frm f the given wrd:
The airplane ______ (invent) by the Wright brthers in 1903.
【解答】was invented
【点拨】由时间状语 in 1903 可知为一般过去时；主语 the airplane 是动作的承受者，故用一般过去时被动语态 was invented。
【例2】
Rewrite the sentence in passive vice:
Gerge Crum invented ptat chips in 1853.
【解答】Ptat chips were invented by Gerge Crum in 1853.
【点拨】原句宾语 ptat chips 变为被动句主语，因主语为复数且时态为一般过去时，be动词用 were，动词变为过去分词 invented。
同 步 练 习
导入活动
★ 基础巩固
1. Televisin can ______ peple's lives and braden their minds.
A. enrich B. invent C. discver D. transprt
2. In the ld days, stne was difficult t ______, s many wden huses were built.
A. sharpen B. transprt C. darken D. shrten
3. Mvable type printing culd greatly ______ the printing time.
A. widen B. darken C. shrten D. sharpen
4. The passprt ______ in the Lst and Fund yesterday.
A. discvered B. was discvered C. is discvered D. has discvered
5. Many art wrks ______ by yung peple tday.
A. created B. were created C. are created D. create
6. The airplane ______ by the Wright brthers in 1903.
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. were invented
7. When the sky began t d______, sailrs had t depend n stars t find directins.
8. Pencils can be s______ by using a small tl.
★★ 能力提升
9. Wlen clthing ______ in China arund 2000 BCE.
A. appeared B. was appeared C. has appeared D. appears
10. Pst-it ntes ______ all ver the wrld nw.
A. used B. were used C. are used D. have used
11. Read the passage and answer the questins.
The telephne was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. At first, many peple thught it was just a ty. But sn, the telephne was used in ffices and hmes acrss America. Tday, smartphnes are used by billins f peple. They have greatly changed the way we cmmunicate.
(1) Wh invented the telephne?
(2) When was the telephne invented?
(3) What did many peple think f the telephne at first?
12. Fill in the blanks with the crrect frm f the given wrds (invent, discver, create, prduce, appear).
Nails ______ (1) ______ in ld Egyptian buildings arund 3,400 BCE. At first, they ______ (2) ______ by hand. Nw, nails ______ (3) ______ by machines. The wheel first ______ (4) ______ arund 3,500 BCE. It ______ (5) ______ t mve heavy bjects.
13. Chse the crrect wrd t cmplete each sentence.
(1) Mvable type printing culd greatly (shrten / darken) the printing time.
(2) When sky began t (sharpen / darken), we culd see nthing.
(3) The rad has been (widened / shrtened) t allw mre traffic.
★★★ 拓展延伸
14. Frm the inventin f pst-it ntes, what can we infer abut the relatinship between failure and inventin?
A. Failures always lead t great inventins.
B. Smetimes unexpected results can lead t new and useful inventins.
C. Only scientists can make useful inventins.
D. Inventins are always planned carefully frm the beginning.
15. Why is the passive vice cmmnly used when talking abut inventins?
A. Because the inventr is always unknwn.
B. Because the fcus is n the inventin itself, nt n wh made it.
C. Because passive vice is easier t understand.
D. Because all inventins were made a lng time ag.
参 考 答 案
第1题：A
【解析】enrich peple's lives 意为"丰富人们的生活"，是固定搭配。
第2题：B
【解析】transprt 意为"运输"，stne was difficult t transprt 意为"石头很难运输"。
第3题：C
【解析】shrten the printing time 意为"缩短印刷时间"。shrten 是 shrt + en 构成的动词。
第4题：B
【解析】passprt 是 discver 的承受者，需用被动语态；yesterday 表明一般过去时，故选 was discvered。
第5题：C
【解析】tday 表明一般现在时；art wrks 是 create 的承受者，用 are created。
第6题：C
【解析】in 1903 表明一般过去时；airplane 是 invent 的承受者，用 was invented。
第7题：darken
【解析】dark + en = darken（变暗）。当天空变暗时，水手需要靠星星导航。
第8题：sharpened
【解析】sharp + en = sharpen（使锋利）。Pencils can be sharpened... 为被动语态。
第9题：A
【解析】appear 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除 B。arund 2000 BCE 为过去时间，故选 appeared。
第10题：C
【解析】nw 表明一般现在时；pst-it ntes 是 use 的承受者，用 are used。
第11题：(1) Alexander Graham Bell. (2) In 1876. (3) They thught it was just a ty.
【解析】从原文直接提取信息即可。注意使用被动语态回答。
第12题：(1) were discvered (2) were made (3) are prduced (4) appeared (5) was used/was invented
【解析】注意区分时态：(1)(2) 为过去事实用一般过去时被动；(3) 为现在状况用一般现在时被动；(4) appear 为不及物动词用主动；(5) 表用途。
第13题：(1) shrten (2) darken (3) widened
【解析】根据后缀-en构词法和句意选择正确的动词形式。
第14题：B
【解析】Pst-it ntes 的发明源于一次"失败"的胶水实验，说明有时意外的结果可以带来有用的发明。A 过于绝对，C、D 不符合事实。
第15题：B
【解析】被动语态强调的是动作的承受者（即发明物本身），而不是执行者。在谈论发明时，重点通常是发明了什么，而不是谁发明的。
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
enrich
/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/
v.
丰富；使充实
Televisin can enrich peple's lives.
braden
/ˈbrɔːdn/
v.
拓宽；扩大
Reading can braden ur minds.
wlen
/ˈwʊlən/
adj.
羊毛的
Wlen clthing appeared in China arund 2000 BCE.
transprt
/ˈtrænspɔːt/
v./n.
运输
In the ld days, stne was difficult t transprt.
sharpen
/ˈʃɑːpən/
v.
使锋利
Pencils can be sharpened by using a small tl.
widen
/ˈwaɪdn/
v.
加宽；变宽
The rad has been widened recently.
darken
/ˈdɑːkən/
v.
变暗
When sky began t darken, sailrs had t depend n stars.
shrten
/ˈʃɔːtn/
v.
缩短
Mvable type printing culd shrten the printing time.
discver
/dɪsˈkʌvə(r)/
v.
发现
The passprt was discvered in the Lst and Fund.
invent
/ɪnˈvent/
v.
发明
The airplane was invented by the Wright brthers in 1903.
create
/kriˈeɪt/
v.
创造
Many art wrks are created by yung peple tday.
appear
/əˈpɪə(r)/
v.
出现
Pst-it ntes first appeared n the market in 1977.
原词
词性
+ -en 后
词性
含义
wide
adj.
widen
v.
使变宽
shrt
adj.
shrten
v.
使变短
dark
adj.
darken
v.
使变暗
sharp
adj.
sharpen
v.
使变锋利
brad
adj.
braden
v.
使变宽；拓宽
wd
n.
wden
adj.
木制的（注意：wden 是形容词）
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are + dne
am/is/are + dne
Pencils are sharpened by machine.
一般过去时
did
was/were + dne
The airplane was invented in 1903.
错误
正确
The pencil sharpened by a machine.
The pencil is sharpened by a machine.
The airplane invents in 1903.
The airplane was invented in 1903.
Pst-it ntes first appeared and was used everywhere.
Pst-it ntes first appeared and are used everywhere.
步骤
操作
示例
Step 1
找出主动句的宾语，变为被动句的主语
The Wright brthers invented the airplane. → The airplane...
Step 2
判断时态，选择正确的be动词形式
invented → was (一般过去时)
Step 3
将主动句动词变为过去分词
invent → invented
Step 4
（可选）用by引出动作执行者
The airplane was invented by the Wright brthers.
活动
内容
Brainstrm
List 5 inventins yu use every day. What are they made f? Wh invented them?
Wrd Building
Try t add -en t these wrds: lng___, hard___, deep___, sft___, strng___