初中英语仁爱科普版（2024）九年级上册（2024）Theme Reading第4课时一课一练

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一、学习目标
1. 能够正确识读并运用本课时核心词汇：tur guide, billin, rapid, develpment, native, publish, industry, tngue, ppular, article等
2. 能够读懂关于联合国六种官方语言的介绍文章，准确获取关键信息并完成main-idea-and-detail chart
3. 能够运用上下文线索推断阅读中新词含义，并综合运用主旨-细节策略理解文章
4. 能够运用被动语态和核心词汇描述语言的使用情况
二、重点
• 核心词汇及短语：billin, rapid, develpment, native, publish, industry, tngue, ppular, article, tur guide, be spken by, mther tngue, glbal leader, secnd language, be published in
• 功能句型： spken by... / the fficial language f... / used in... / published in...
• 被动语态在阅读理解中的运用：is spken, are published, will be spken and learned
三、难点
• 准确获取文章中六种语言的关键数据信息（使用人数、使用范围等）
• 运用被动语态和核心词汇描述语言的使用情况
字词与词汇
• billin (n.) 十亿 — 注意：1.4 billin = 14亿
• rapid (adj.) 快速的 — 副词形式为rapidly
• develpment (n.) 发展 — 动词形式为develp
• native (adj.) 本国的；母语的 — 常用搭配：native speakers（母语者）
• publish (v.) 出版 — 名词形式为publicatin
• industry (n.) 行业；工业 — 复数形式为industries
• tngue (n.) 语言；舌头 — mther tngue（母语）= native language
• ppular (adj.) 流行的；受欢迎的 — 名词形式为ppularity
• article (n.) 文章 — 可数名词，复数为articles
• tur guide (n.) 导游 — 由tur（旅游）+ guide（向导）构成
语法与句型
规则：本课时重点运用被动语态理解和分析阅读材料。被动语态结构为：主语 + be + 过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)。在描述语言使用情况时，被动语态非常常见，因为我们更关注"语言被多少人使用"而非"谁在使用语言"。
结构：主动：Peple speak Chinese. -> 被动：Chinese is spken by mre than 1.4 billin peple.
主动：They publish imprtant articles in English. -> 被动：Imprtant articles are published in English.
• Arabic is becming ne f the mst imprtant languages. (主动语态，is becming为现在进行时)
• Chinese will be spken and learned by mre and mre peple utside China. (一般将来时被动，will be + 过去分词)
• Arund the wrld, imprtant articles and bks are published in English. (一般现在时被动，are published)
• Russian is spken by arund 150 millin peple as their mther tngue. (一般现在时被动，is spken)
学习支架
Six fficial languages chart / Main-idea-and-detail chart
四、知识要点
1. 联合国六种官方语言概述
联合国（UN）有六种官方语言：阿拉伯语(Arabic)、中文、英语(English)、法语(French)、俄语(Russian)和西班牙语(Spanish)。每种语言都有其独特的重要性：
- Arabic: 20多个国家的官方语言，主要在北非和中东地区使用，正成为最重要的语言之一。
- Chinese: 超过14亿使用者，随着中国快速发展，将来会有越来越多人学习和使用。
- English: 最广泛使用的语言，母语者不到4亿，但世界各地重要文章和书籍以英语出版。
- French: 学习西方文化的重要语言，除法国外在约30个国家使用，覆盖非洲、欧洲和北美。
- Russian: 约1.5亿人以其为母语，俄罗斯在多个行业是全球领先者(glbal leader)。
- Spanish: 母语者比英语还多，是美国最流行的第二语言。
例句：There are six fficial languages at the UN, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
2. 核心词汇与表达
本课时核心词汇在语境中的用法：
(1) billin (n.) 十亿 — There are mre than 1.4 billin Chinese speakers. (超过14亿中文使用者)
(2) rapid (adj.) 快速的 — With the rapid develpment f China... (随着中国的快速发展...)
(3) develpment (n.) 发展 — the rapid develpment f China (中国的快速发展)
(4) native (adj.) 本国的；母语的 — native English speakers (英语母语者)
(5) publish (v.) 出版 — imprtant articles and bks are published in English (重要文章和书籍以英语出版)
(6) industry (n.) 行业；工业 — Russia is a glbal leader in several industries (俄罗斯在多个行业是全球领先者)
(7) tngue (n.) 语言；舌头 — mther tngue (母语) = native language
(8) ppular (adj.) 流行的；受欢迎的 — the mst ppular secnd language (最流行的第二语言)
(9) article (n.) 文章 — imprtant articles are published in English (重要文章以英语出版)
核心短语：be spken by (被...使用), mther tngue (母语), glbal leader (全球领先者), secnd language (第二语言), be published in (以...出版)
3. 被动语态在阅读理解中的运用
本课时阅读材料中大量使用被动语态来描述语言的使用情况：
(1) 一般现在时被动 (am/is/are + 过去分词)：
- "imprtant articles and bks are published in English" (are published为被动)
- "Russian is spken by arund 150 millin peple" (is spken为被动)
(2) 一般将来时被动 (will be + 过去分词)：
- "Chinese will be spken and learned by mre and mre peple utside China." (will be spken and learned为被动)
分析：在描述语言使用范围时，被动语态比主动语态更自然，因为我们更关注"语言被多少人使用"而非"谁在使用语言"。
例句：In the sentence "Russian is spken by arund 150 millin peple", the passive vice emphasizes the number f speakers rather than wh speaks it.
4. 阅读策略综合运用：主旨细节与推断
在本课时的阅读中，需要综合运用两种阅读策略：
(1) 识别主旨和细节：
- Main Idea: The UN has six fficial languages, each with its wn imprtance.
- Detail (Arabic): Official language f ver 20 cuntries in Nrth Africa and the Middle East.
- Detail (Chinese): Mre than 1.4 billin speakers; rapid develpment.
- Detail (English): Mst widely used; less than 400 millin native speakers.
(2) 推断新词含义：
- "tur guide" → 通过"I'm yur tur guide, Amy"和"Welcme t the United Natins"可推断为"导游"
- "mther tngue" → 通过"Russian is spken by arund 150 millin peple as their mther tngue"可推断为"母语"
- "glbal leader" → 通过"Russia is a glbal leader in several industries"可推断为"全球领先者"
例句：By using the main-idea-and-detail chart, we can see that the main idea is abut the six fficial languages at the UN, and each paragraph prvides details abut ne language.
五、典型例题
【例1】
根据句意和首字母提示完成句子：There are six fficial languages at the UN. Chinese is spken by mre than 1.4 b______ peple. With the r______ develpment f China, Chinese will be learned by mre and mre peple.
【例2】
单项选择：Which f the fllwing sentences uses the passive vice crrectly?
A. Russian is spken by arund 150 millin peple.
B. Russian speaks by arund 150 millin peple.
C. Russian is speaking by arund 150 millin peple.
D. Russian spken by arund 150 millin peple.
【例3】
阅读理解推断：Read the sentence: "Spanish is nw the mst ppular secnd language in the United States." What can we infer frm this sentence?
A. Spanish is the fficial language f the United States.
B. Many peple in the United States learn Spanish as a secnd language.
C. Everyne in the United States speaks Spanish.
D. Spanish is mre ppular than English in the United States.
同 步 练 习
Languages Arund the Wrld
★ 基础巩固
1. There are _________ fficial languages at the UN.
A. fur B. five
C. six D. seven
2. There are mre than 1.4 _________ Chinese speakers.
A. millin B. billin
C. thusand D. hundred
3. With the _________ develpment f China, Chinese will be learned by mre peple.
A. slw B. rapid
C. sudden D. brief
4. Imprtant articles and bks are _________ in English arund the wrld.
A. spken B. published
C. written D. read
5. Russian is spken by abut 150 millin peple as their mther _________.
A. language B. tngue
C. speech D. vice
6. Arabic is the fficial language f ver 20 cuntries acrss Nrth Africa and the Middle E______.
7. Russia is a g______ leader in several industries.
8. Spanish is nw the mst p______ secnd language in the United States.
★★ 能力提升
9. — Hw many peple speak Russian as their mther tngue?
— Russian _________ by arund 150 millin peple as their mther tngue.
A. speaks B. is spken
C. spke D. speaking
10. With the rapid develpment f China, Chinese _________ by mre and mre peple utside China.
A. will speak B. will be spken
C. was spken D. is speaking
11. 完形填空：
The United Natins has six 1.______ languages. Arabic is the fficial language f ver 20 cuntries in Nrth Africa and the 2.______ East. Chinese is spken by mre than 1.4 3.______ peple. With the rapid 4.______ f China, Chinese will be 5.______ by mre peple. English is the mst 6.______ used language, but it has less than 400 millin 7.______ speakers. French is used in abut 30 cuntries and is imprtant in Western 8.______. Russian is spken by 150 millin peple as their mther 9.______. Spanish has mre native speakers than English and is the mst 10.______ secnd language in the United States.
1. A. freign B. fficial C. native D. ppular
2. A. Far B. Suth C. Middle D. West
3. A. millin B. billin C. thusand D. hundred
4. A. develpment B. industry C. language D. culture
5. A. spken B. published C. spken and learned D. written
6. A. widely B. rarely C. slwly D. quickly
7. A. freign B. native C. secnd D. internatinal
8. A. culture B. industry C. develpment D. language
9. A. language B. tngue C. speech D. vice
10. A. ppular B. difficult C. expensive D. strange
12. 阅读理解：
The United Natins (UN) is an internatinal rganizatin with 193 member cuntries. At the UN, six languages are used as fficial languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
Why were these six languages chsen? One reasn is that they are widely spken arund the wrld. Anther reasn is that they represent different cultures and regins. Fr example, Arabic represents the Middle East and Nrth Africa. Chinese represents East Asia. French represents parts f Africa, Eurpe, and Nrth America.
At UN meetings, interpreters translate speeches int all six languages. This means a delegate can speak in any f the six languages, and everyne else can understand thrugh interpretatin. Imprtant dcuments at the UN are als translated int all six fficial languages.
Learning any f these six languages can pen many drs. It can help yu wrk in internatinal rganizatins, travel t different cuntries, and understand different cultures better.
(1) Hw many member cuntries des the UN have?
A. 150. B. 193. C. 400. D. 1,400.
(2) What des the wrd "interpreters" in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Peple wh write bks. B. Peple wh translate languages.
C. Peple wh travel a lt. D. Peple wh teach languages.
(3) Why were these six languages chsen as fficial languages?
A. Because they are the ldest languages in the wrld.
B. Because they are widely spken and represent different cultures.
C. Because they are the easiest languages t learn.
D. Because they are nly spken in Eurpe.
(4) What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The UN has many member cuntries.
B. Six languages are fficial at the UN because they are widely spken and represent different cultures.
C. Interpreters are very imprtant at the UN.
D. Learning languages is difficult but useful.
13. 假设你是学校英语角的导游，要向外国友人介绍中文。请根据以下提示写一篇80词左右的短文。提示：(1) 中文使用人数；(2) 中文的发展；(3) 学习中文的意义。要求：语句通顺，适当运用本课时所学词汇和被动语态。
★★★ 拓展延伸
14. Read the fllwing descriptins and chse the INCORRECT ne:
A. Arabic is the fficial language f ver 20 cuntries.
B. There are mre native speakers f Spanish than thse f English.
C. English has mre than 400 millin native speakers.
D. Russian is spken by abut 150 millin peple as their mther tngue.
15. Which f the fllwing sentences uses the passive vice crrectly?
A. Chinese will speak by mre peple.
B. Chinese will be spken by mre peple.
C. Chinese will speaking by mre peple.
D. Chinese will spken by mre peple.
16. Think abut it: Amng the six fficial languages at the UN, which language wuld yu mst like t learn besides Chinese and English? Why? Write yur answer in 3-4 sentences using vcabulary frm this lessn.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
tur guide
/tʊə(r) ɡaɪd/
n.
导游
I'm yur tur guide, Amy!
billin
/ˈbɪljən/
n.
十亿
There are mre than 1.4 billin Chinese speakers.
rapid
/ˈræpɪd/
adj.
快速的
With the rapid develpment f China...
develpment
/dɪˈveləpmənt/
n.
发展
the rapid develpment f China
native
/ˈneɪtɪv/
adj.
本国的；母语的
There are less than 400 millin native English speakers.
publish
/ˈpʌblɪʃ/
v.
出版
Imprtant articles and bks are published in English.
industry
/ˈɪndəstri/
n.
行业；工业
Russia is a glbal leader in several industries.
tngue
/tʌŋ/
n.
语言；舌头
Russian is spken as their mther tngue.
ppular
/ˈpɒpjələ(r)/
adj.
流行的；受欢迎的
Spanish is the mst ppular secnd language.
article
/ˈɑːtɪkl/
n.
文章
Imprtant articles are published in English.
错误
正确
Chinese will speak by mre peple.
Chinese will be spken by mre peple. (将来时被动需用will be + 过去分词)
There are mre than 1.4 billin Chinese speaker.
There are mre than 1.4 billin Chinese speakers. (可数名词需用复数speakers)
Russian is spke by 150 millin peple.
Russian is spken by 150 millin peple. (被动语态需用过去分词spken)
Language
Speakers
Key Infrmatin