初中仁爱科普版（2024）Grammar in use课后练习题

这是一份初中仁爱科普版（2024）Grammar in use课后练习题，共12页。试卷主要包含了学习目标，重点，难点，知识要点，典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

unit1 Explring the Tpic-Grammar in Use
课时5 仁爱科普版初中英语九年级上册 (pp.17-18)
一、学习目标
1. 能够掌握名词后缀 -ment 的构词规律，正确拼写并运用 argument, agreement, payment, mvement, develpment, excitement, enjyment, encuragement 等派生词。
2. 能够理解现在完成时（I）的基本结构（have/has + 过去分词）和基本用法（表示过去发生并对现在有影响的动作）。
3. 能够正确使用现在完成时的时间标志词 already, just, yet, recently。
4. 能够在今昔对比的语境中，用现在完成时描述已经发生的改变。
二、重点
• 构词法：动词/形容词 + -ment → 名词（argue→argument, agree→agreement, pay→payment, mve→mvement, develp→develpment, excite→excitement, enjy→enjyment, encurage→encuragement）
• 现在完成时结构：肯定句 have/has + dne；否定句 haven't/hasn't + dne；疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + dne?
• 时间标志词：already（肯定句，已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（否定句/疑问句末，还）, recently（最近）
• have/has been t 与 have/has gne t 的初步区分
三、难点
• 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：是否强调对现在的影响
• already / just / yet / recently 在句中的位置（have/has 之后或句末）
• have/has been t（去过已回）与 have/has gne t（去了未回）的语境判断
字词与词汇
语法与句型
1. 名词后缀 -ment 构词法
【规则】动词/形容词 + -ment 构成名词，多表示"行为、过程、结果、状态"。注意个别词的拼写变化（如 argue→argument 去 e）。
2. 现在完成时（I）基本结构与用法
【规则】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。结构：have/has + 动词过去分词。
3. already / just / yet / recently 的用法
4. have/has been t 与 have/has gne t
5. 易错纠错
学习支架
现在完成时结构速查表
常用动词过去分词表（本课）
四、知识要点
1. 名词后缀 -ment 的构词规律
【概念】在动词或形容词后加 -ment 构成名词，表示动作、过程、结果或状态。
【教材依据】argument, agreement, payment, mvement（教材 p.17）；excitement, enjyment, develpment, encuragement（教材 p.17 短文）
【应用】注意拼写：argue→argument（去 e）；develp→develpment；enjy→enjyment；encurage→encuragement。
2. 现在完成时（I）的意义
【概念】表示过去发生的动作与现在有联系——或对现在有影响，或动作持续到现在。本课聚焦"影响说"。
【教材依据】I have just cme back frm my hmetwn. A lt f changes have taken place there.（教材 p.18）
【应用】描述变化的结果：Our schl has just built a new gym.（现在有新体育馆了）
3. already / just / yet / recently 的位置
【概念】already 和 just 常放在 have/has 之后、过去分词之前；yet 放在句末，用于否定句和疑问句；recently 常放句末。
【教材依据】Many peple have already mved int their new huses. / Our schl has just built a new gym. / They haven't finished building the rad in the park yet. / Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently?（教材 p.18）
4. have/has been t 与 have/has gne t 的辨析
【概念】have/has been t 表示"去过某地（现在已经回来）"，强调经历；have/has gne t 表示"去了某地（还没回来或在路上）"。
【教材依据】—Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently? —N, he hasn't. He has gne t Lndn fr his summer vacatin.（教材 p.18）
【应用】My father has gne t Beijing n business.（还没回来）/ I have been t Beijing twice.（去过，已回）
5. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（初步）
【概念】有明确的过去时间状语（yesterday, last year, in 1999）时用一般过去时；强调对现在的影响、无明确过去时间时用现在完成时。
【应用】He went t his hmetwn yesterday.（有 yesterday）/ He has gne t his hmetwn.（强调他现在不在这里）
五、典型例题
【例1】Many peple ________ already ________ int their new huses.
A. have; mved B. has; mved C. have; mving D. did; mve
【解答】A
【点拨】already 是现在完成时标志；主语 many peple 为复数，用 have + mved。
【例2】— Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently?
— N, he hasn't. He ________ t Lndn fr his summer vacatin.
A. has been B. has gne C. went D. ges
【解答】B
【点拨】由"还没回来"可知用 has gne t（去了未回）；has been t 表示去过已回，与 N 矛盾。
【例3】After the ________ (mve) f shutting dwn plluting factries, my hmetwn has changed t a very different place.
【解答】mvement
【点拨】定冠词 the 后接名词；mve 加后缀 -ment 构成名词 mvement（运动；活动）。
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. Many peple ________ already ________ int their new huses.
A. have; mved B. has; mved
C. have; mving D. did; mve
【答案】A
2. Our schl has just ________ a new gym.
A. build B. built
C. building D. builds
【答案】B
3. They ________ finished building the rad in the park yet.
A. have B. haven't
C. has D. hasn't
【答案】B
4. — Has Bill ________ t his hmetwn recently?
— N, he hasn't. He has gne t Lndn.
A. gne B. been
C. went D. g
【答案】B
5. The cmmunity reached an ________ t make the place a cmfrtable hme fr everyne.
A. argue B. argument
C. agree D. agreement
【答案】D
二、首字母填空
6. With the internet, peple can make p________ faster and easier.
【答案】payments
7. There is n a________ abut building a sprts center in the small twn.
【答案】argument
8. The memries remain a cmfrt and an e________ t me.
【答案】encuragement
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
9. The laughter, the ________ (excite) and the ________ (enjy) f thse days filled my mind.
【答案】excitement; enjyment
10. Thugh it was a lng time ag and there have been great ________ (develp), the memries remain.
【答案】develpments
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. — Where is yur father?
— He ________ t Guangzhu with his friends. He will be back next week.
A. has been B. has gne
C. went D. ges
【答案】B
2. I ________ my hmetwn twice. It's a beautiful place.
A. has been t B. have been t
C. has gne t D. have gne t
【答案】B
3. — ________ yu ________ yur hmewrk yet?
— Yes, I have already finished it.
A. Have; finished B. Did; finish
C. Have; finish D. D; finish
【答案】A
4. — Why des the twn lk s different nw?
— Because the gvernment ________ dwn many plluting factries.
A. shut B. has shut
C. shuts D. is shutting
【答案】B
二、语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空）
阅读短文，用括号内动词的正确形式（现在完成时或名词形式）填空。
I 1.________ just ________ (cme) back frm my hmetwn. Great changes 2.________ (take place) there. The streets have becme wider, and many peple 3.________ (mve) int new huses. The cmmunity 4.________ (reach) an 5.________ (agree) t build a new sprts center. After the 6.________ (mve) f shutting dwn plluting factries, the air has becme much cleaner. I feel the 7.________ (excite) and 8.________ (enjy) f seeing my hmetwn becme better and better.
5. 第1空
【答案】have; cme
6. 第2空
【答案】have taken place
7. 第3空
【答案】have mved
8. 第4空
【答案】has reached
9. 第5空
【答案】agreement
10. 第6空
【答案】mvement
11. 第7空
【答案】excitement
12. 第8空
【答案】enjyment
三、阅读理解
Li Ming's hmetwn has changed a lt in recent years. When he was a child, the twn was small and dirty. There were many plluting factries near the river. The water was black and peple culd nt swim in it.
Five years ag, the gvernment decided t make a change. They shut dwn all the plluting factries and built a big park near the river. Wrkers planted many trees and flwers. The cmmunity als reached an agreement t keep the twn clean tgether.
Nw, the twn has becme a beautiful place. The river is clean again, and peple can swim and fish in it. Many turists cme t visit the twn every year. Li Ming says, "I am prud f my hmetwn. The mvement f prtecting the envirnment has made it a cmfrtable hme fr everyne.
9. What was Li Ming's hmetwn like when he was a child?
A. It was clean and beautiful.
B. It was small and dirty with plluting factries.
C. It was a big city.
D. It was famus fr turists.
【答案】B
10. What did the gvernment d five years ag?
A. They built mre factries.
B. They shut dwn all the plluting factries and built a park.
C. They mved the river.
D. They built many huses.
【答案】B
11. What can peple d in the river nw?
A. Nthing. B. Swim and fish.
C. Pllute it. D. Build factries.
【答案】B
12. What made the twn a cmfrtable hme accrding t Li Ming?
A. Building mre huses.
B. The mvement f prtecting the envirnment.
C. Mre turists.
D. Mre factries.
【答案】B
四、书面表达
假设你最近回到了阔别多年的家乡，发现家乡发生了很大变化。请以 "Changes in my hmetwn" 为题写一篇英语短文。
提示：1. 用现在完成时描述家乡已经发生的变化（至少三点）；2. 谈谈你的感受。
要求：80词左右；至少使用 already, just, yet, recently 中的两个。
【参考范文】
I have just cme back frm my hmetwn. Great changes have taken place there recently.
Many peple have already mved int new apartments. The gvernment has built a new park, but they haven't finished the sprts center yet. The streets have becme wider and cleaner. What's mre, the cmmunity has reached an agreement t make the twn a cmfrtable hme fr everyne.
I am s happy t see these changes. I believe my hmetwn will becme better and better.
【评分要点】1. 正确使用现在完成时描述变化 6分；2. 恰当使用 already/just/yet/recently 4分；3. 语言连贯、拼写正确 2分；4. 词数符合要求 2分。共14分。
★★★ 拓展延伸
1. 下面哪句话中的现在完成时用法与其他三句不同？
A. I have just cme back frm my hmetwn.
B. He went t Beijing yesterday.
C. They have already mved int new huses.
D. Our schl has just built a new gym.
【答案】B
2. — Why can't yu play ftball with us this afternn?
— Because I ________ my hmewrk yet.
A. haven't finished B. dn't finish
C. didn't finish D. wn't finish
【答案】A
3. 观察你的学校或社区，用现在完成时写出最近发生的至少三个变化，并适当使用 already, just, yet, recently。（不少于40词）
【参考答案】Great changes have taken place in ur schl recently. Our schl has just built a new library, and many students have already brrwed bks frm it. The wrkers have painted the teaching buildings, but they haven't finished the new gym yet. Our schl has becme mre and mre beautiful.
第三部分：参考答案
★ 基础巩固
第1题：A
【解析】already 提示现在完成时；主语 many peple 为复数，用 have mved。
第2题：B
【解析】just 提示现在完成时，build 的过去分词为 built。
第3题：B
【解析】yet 用于否定句或疑问句；主语 they 为复数，用 haven't finished。
第4题：B
【解析】问"最近去过家乡吗"（经历），用 has been t；答语"去了伦敦"用 has gne t。
第5题：D
【解析】reach an agreement 达成协议；argue v. 争论，argument n. 争吵，agree v. 同意。
第6题：payments
【解析】make payments 付款，用复数。
第7题：argument
【解析】n argument abut 关于……没有争议。
第8题：encuragement
【解析】an 后接单数名词；encuragement 鼓励。
第9题
【解析】excitement; enjyment 【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词；excite→excitement, enjy→enjyment。
第10题
【解析】develpments 【解析】great 后接名词；develp→develpment，且前面有 have been，可用复数。
★★ 能力提升
第1题：B
【解析】由 will be back next week 可知"去了未回"，用 has gne t。
第2题：B
【解析】twice 表示经历，主语 I 用 have been t（去过已回）。
第3题：A
【解析】yet 用于疑问句；现在完成时疑问句 Have yu
第4题：B
【解析】强调对现在的影响（城镇看起来不同），用现在完成时 has shut。
第5题：have; cme
【解析】just 提示现在完成时；cme 的过去分词仍是 cme。
第6题：have taken place
【解析】take place 无被动，用现在完成时。
第7题：have mved
【解析】主语 many peple 为复数。
第8题：has reached
【解析】主语 the cmmunity 为单数集体名词，用 has。
第9题：agreement
【解析】reach an agreement 达成协议。
第10题：mvement
【解析】the 后接名词 mvement（运动）。
第11题：excitement
【解析】the 后接名词 excitement（兴奋）。
第12题：enjyment
【解析】and 连接并列名词 enjyment（愉快）。
阅读理解：第9题 B（第一段 small and dirty, plluting factries）；第10题 B（第二段 shut dwn all the plluting factries and built a big park）；第11题 B（第三段 peple can swim and fish in it）；第12题 B（最后一句 The mvement f prtecting the envirnment has made it a cmfrtable hme）。
书面表达：见上文参考范文及评分要点。
★★★ 拓展延伸
第1题：B
【解析】A、C、D 均为现在完成时；B 为一般过去时（有明确过去时间 yesterday）。
第2题：A
【解析】yet 提示现在完成时否定句；haven't finished 表示"还没完成（所以现在不能去踢球）"。
第3题：答案不唯一，能正确使用现在完成时及标志词即可。参考上文示例。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
argument
/ˈɑːɡjumənt/
n.
争论；争吵
There is n argument abut building a sprts center in the small twn.
agreement
/əˈɡriːmənt/
n.
同意；协议
The cmmunity reached an agreement t make the place a cmfrtable hme.
payment
/ˈpeɪmənt/
n.
支付；付款
With the internet, peple can make payments faster and easier.
mvement
/ˈmuːvmənt/
n.
运动；活动
After the mvement f shutting dwn plluting factries, my hmetwn has changed.
develpment
/dɪˈveləpmənt/
n.
发展
There have been great develpments in my hmetwn.
excitement
/ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/
n.
兴奋；激动
The laughter and the excitement f thse days filled my mind.
enjyment
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/
n.
愉快；乐趣
The enjyment f thse days filled my mind.
encuragement
/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/
n.
鼓励
The memries remain a cmfrt and an encuragement t me.
cmmunity
/kəˈmjuːnəti/
n.
社区
The cmmunity reached an agreement.
shut dwn
/ʃʌt daʊn/
短语
关闭
The gvernment shut dwn plluting factries.
pllute
/pəˈluːt/
v.
污染
Plluting factries were shut dwn.
cmfrt
/ˈkʌmfət/
n.&v.
安慰；舒适
The memries remain a cmfrt t me.
memry
/ˈmeməri/
n.
记忆；回忆
Memries f my childhd flded back.
fld back
/flʌd bæk/
短语
（回忆）涌上心头
Memries f my childhd flded back.
动词/形容词
名词 (-ment)
中文
教材例句
argue v. 争论
argument
争论；争吵
There is n argument abut building a sprts center.
agree v. 同意
agreement
同意；协议
The cmmunity reached an agreement.
pay v. 支付
payment
支付；付款
Peple can make payments faster and easier.
mve v. 移动；运动
mvement
运动；活动
After the mvement f shutting dwn plluting factries...
develp v. 发展
develpment
发展
There have been great develpments.
excite v. 使兴奋
excitement
兴奋
The excitement f thse days filled my mind.
enjy v. 享受
enjyment
愉快；乐趣
The enjyment f thse days filled my mind.
encurage v. 鼓励
encuragement
鼓励
The memries remain an encuragement t me.
句式
结构
教材例句
肯定句
主语 + have/has + dne
I have just cme back frm my hmetwn.
否定句
主语 + haven't/hasn't + dne
She hasn't cme back yet.
一般疑问句
Have/Has + 主语 + dne?
Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently?
特殊疑问句
疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + dne?
What changes have taken place in yur hmetwn?
副词
含义
位置
教材例句
already
已经
have/has 之后（肯定句）
Many peple have already mved int their new huses.
just
刚刚
have/has 之后（肯定句）
Our schl has just built a new gym.
yet
还（未）
句末（否定句/疑问句）
They haven't finished building the rad in the park yet.
recently
最近
句末
Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently?
短语
含义
用法
教材例句
have/has been t
去过（已回）
强调经历，人已在原地
Has Bill been t his hmetwn recently?
have/has gne t
去了（未回/在路上）
强调去向，人不在原地
He has gne t Lndn fr his summer vacatin.
错误
正确
I have came back frm my hmetwn.
I have cme back frm my hmetwn.（cme 的过去分词仍是 cme）
She hasn't came back yet.
She hasn't cme back yet.（否定句中过去分词形式不变）
They have already finished building the rad yet.
They have already finished building the rad. / They haven't finished building the rad yet.（already 与 yet 不同句）
He has gne t his hmetwn yesterday.
He went t his hmetwn yesterday.（有明确过去时间用一般过去时）
人称
肯定
否定
疑问
I / Yu / We / They
have dne
haven't dne
Have ... dne?
He / She / It
has dne
hasn't dne
Has ... dne?
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
中文
cme
came
cme
来
take
tk
taken
拿；发生（take place）
build
built
built
建造
finish
finished
finished
完成
mve
mved
mved
搬家；移动
be (am/is/are)
was/were
been
是
g
went
gne
去
becme
became
becme
成为