英语Grammar第3课时达标测试

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第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 理解限制性定语从句（defining relative clause）的概念、位置及其不可省略性，能识别句中的限制性定语从句。
2. 掌握关系代词 wh / which / that 的用法区别，能根据先行词正确选用关系代词。
3. 能用 wh / which / that 把两个简单句合并为一个含定语从句的复合句，完成教材 B1、B2 类练习。
4. 能运用限制性定语从句写一段短文，描述一幅图画、一件作品或一位艺术家。
二、重点与难点
【重点】
1. 限制性定语从句描述它前面的名词（先行词），含有重要信息，不能从句中删去。
2. 关系代词的选用：wh 指人；which 指物；that 既可指人也可指物。
3. 关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
4. 用关系代词合并句子的方法（教材 B1 题型）。
【难点】
1. 先行词指人还是指物的判断，以及 wh / which / that 的准确选用。
2. 关系代词在从句中所作成分的判定：作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
3. 合并句子时重复成分的删减与语序的调整。
三、字词与词汇
四、语法与句型
1. 什么是限制性定语从句
我们用形容词来描述人或物，如 a great calligrapher、a beautiful painting；当需要用一个句子来描述人或物时，就要用定语从句。
规则： 限制性定语从句（defining relative clause）描述它前面的名词（先行词），含有重要信息，不能从句中删去；删去后句子信息不足、意义不完整。
如：A calligrapher is smene. (✗) —— 删去定语从句 wh practises the art f writing beautifully with a brush 后，句子无法给出足够信息。
2. 结构公式
先行词（名词/代词） + wh / which / that + 定语从句（谓语部分）
wh → 指人；which → 指物；that → 指人或物。关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时可省略，如 The ne (that) I like best is very clurful.
3. 教材例句
① A calligrapher is smene wh practises the art f writing beautifully with a brush.（先行词 smene，指人，wh 作主语）
② The persn wh painted this landscape is very talented.（先行词 the persn，指人，wh 作主语）
③ The painting that I lved the mst in the museum was by Claude Mnet.（先行词 the painting，指物，that 作宾语，可省略）
④ Calligraphy is an art frm that is very ppular in China.（先行词 an art frm，指物，that 作主语）
4. 纠错训练营
五、学习支架
关系代词选用信息卡：
六、知识要点
要点1 限制性定语从句的定义与位置
概念：限制性定语从句用来描述它前面的名词（先行词），说明"哪一个人/哪一件事物"。教材依据：A calligrapher is smene wh practises the art f writing beautifully with a brush. 应用方法：先找到先行词，再判断定语从句描述的是"哪一个人/哪一件事物"，如 The persn wh painted this landscape（哪个人？）is very talented.
要点2 不可省略性
概念：限制性定语从句含有重要信息，删去后句子信息不足。教材依据：If we take the defining relative clause ut f a sentence, the sentence may nt give enugh infrmatin t make much sense. 如 A calligrapher is smene. (✗) 应用方法：判断一个从句是否为限制性定语从句时，试着把它删去，若句意不完整，即为限制性定语从句，不能用逗号隔开。
要点3 关系代词选择三步法
概念：wh 指人，which 指物，that 指人或物。教材依据：Wrk ut the rule: We use wh t refer t peple. We use which t refer t things. We use that t refer t peple and things. 应用方法：①找先行词；②判断先行词指人还是指物；③看关系代词在从句中作主语还是宾语（作宾语可用 that 并常省略）。
要点4 合并句子四步法（教材 B1 题型）
概念：用 wh/which/that 把两个有共同名词的简单句合并为一个含定语从句的复合句。教材依据：Here is a pster fr the museum shw. It is n 20 Octber. → Here is a pster fr the museum shw which/that is n 20 Octber. 应用方法：①找出两句共有的名词；②确定该名词在第一句中作先行词；③用 wh/which/that 替换第二句中的重复名词（it/they/these...）；④把从句紧跟在先行词之后。
要点5 关系代词的省略
概念：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。教材依据：The ne (that) I like best is very clurful. / The techniques (that/which) the artist uses t paint peple are quite creative. 应用方法：若关系代词后紧跟从句主语（anther subject），则它作宾语，可省略；若紧跟动词，则作主语，不可省略。
七、典型例题
【例1】单项选择
The calligrapher ______ wrte this wrk lived a lng time ag.
A. which B. wh C. what D. it
【例2】用 wh, which 或 that 把下面两个句子合并为一句（教材 B1 题型）
At the shw, students will see many paintings. These paintings are very mdern.
【例3】用 wh, which 或 that 填空（可省略时注明）
The ne ______ I like best is very clurful.
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. A calligrapher is smene ______ practises the art f writing beautifully with a brush.
A. which B. wh
C. what D. it
2. The painting ______ I liked the mst in the museum was by Claude Mnet.
A. wh B. what
C. that D. it
3. The students ______ will visit the museum shw are frm Sunshine Middle Schl.
A. which B. wh
C. what D. whse
4. Calligraphy is a frm f writing ______ dates back ver 3,000 years.
A. wh B. which
C. what D. where
5. The techniques ______ the artist uses t paint peple are quite creative.
A. wh B. what
C. that D. whse
二、首字母填空
6. The persn wh painted this l________ is very talented.
7. Several artists wh are famus fr their creativity will a________ the event.
三、句子改写：用 wh, which 或 that 把两个句子合并为一句
8. Several artists will attend the event. They are famus fr their creativity.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
9. —D yu knw the artist ______ is talking with Mr Wu? —He is a painter frm France.
A. which B. wh
C. what D. whse
10. The museum shw ______ is taking place at Sunshine Museum will last fr a mnth.
A. wh B. what
C. which D. where
11. I like paintings ______ shw the beauty f nature.
A. wh B. that
C. what D. they
12. The wman ______ we met at the art shw is a famus painter.
A. which B. what
C. that D. whse
二、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Wang Xizhi — the Sage f Calligraphy
Wang Xizhi was a calligrapher wh lived in the Jin Dynasty. He is smene that many Chinese peple call the Sage f Calligraphy. The wrk that made him mst famus is Lanting Xu, which he wrte at a party with his friends. The characters that he wrte in Lanting Xu are s beautiful that peple still cpy them tday.
Wang Xizhi practised very hard when he was yung. There is a stry that says he practised writing by a pl every day, and after many years the water f the pl turned black frm the ink that he used t wash his brushes. The spirit that his stry shws is clear: n ne can becme a master withut hard wrk.
Tday, students wh learn calligraphy still begin by cpying the wrks that Wang Xizhi left us. He is a calligrapher that every Chinese learner shuld knw.
13. Wang Xizhi lived in ______.
A. the Tang Dynasty B. the Sng Dynasty
C. the Jin Dynasty D. the Ming Dynasty
14. The wrk that made Wang Xizhi mst famus is ______.
A. Lanting Xu B. Ten Hrses in Spring Muntains
C. a Spring Festival cuplet D. a landscape painting
15. The water f the pl turned black because ______.
A. he pured ink int it every mrning
B. he washed his brushes there fr many years
C. the pl was near an ink wrkshp
D. he threw his ld wrks int it
16. The stry f the pl mainly tells us that ______.
A. ink is very expensive
B. pls are gd places t practise
C. n ne can becme a master withut hard wrk
D. writing by a pl brings gd luck
17. Tday, students wh learn calligraphy still begin by ______.
A. writing by pls B. cpying Wang Xizhi's wrks
C. reading ld stries D. visiting museums
三、选词填空：从方框中选择适当的词填空（有两个多余选项）
wh / that / which / describe / talented / techniques / pster / attend / creativity / landscape / famus / paintings
Next week there will be an art shw at ur schl. The (18)________ fr the shw says it will pen n Friday. Many students (19)________ lve art will (20)________ the shw. They will see many (21)________ by yung artists. One f the artists is a girl (22)________ is nly furteen years ld. She is very (23)________. The (24)________ she uses are quite new. Her favurite wrk is a (25)________ f the muntains near her hmetwn. It shws great (26)________. The teacher says the shw will help students (27)________ the beauty f art in English.
四、写作
28. 假设你参观了阳光博物馆的画展，请用至少三个由 wh / which / that 引导的限制性定语从句写一段 80 词左右的短文，介绍给你印象最深的一幅画。
提示：1. 画展的时间、地点；2. 印象最深的一幅画（谁画的、画的内容）；3. 你的感受。
★★★ 拓展延伸
29. In the sentence "The painting that I lved the mst in the museum was by Claude Mnet.", the underlined part "that I lved the mst in the museum" tells us ______.
A. wh painted the picture
B. which painting the writer lved
C. where the museum is
D. when the writer visited the museum
30. In the sentence "The techniques the artist uses are quite creative.", the relative prnun is left ut because ______.
A. it is the subject f the clause
B. it is the bject f the clause
C. the clause is nt imprtant
D. the nun is a persn
31. Which f the fllwing sentences gives ENOUGH infrmatin after taking ut the underlined part?
A. The persn wh painted this landscape is very talented.
B. A calligrapher is smene wh practises the art f writing beautifully.
C. I like paintings. They shw the beauty f nature.
D. The girl wh lives in the cuntryside wn first prize.单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
calligrapher
n.
landscape
n.
talented
adj.
describe
v.
relative prnun
n.
pster
n.
technique
n.
creativity
n.
attend
v.
cuntryside
n.
错误
正确
The girl wh she lives next dr is gd at painting.
This is the bk wh I bught yesterday.
The man which painted this picture is famus.
A calligrapher is smene.
Categry
Details
教材例句
指人
wh / that
The persn wh/that painted this landscape is very talented.
指物
which / that
Calligraphy is a frm f writing which/that dates back ver 3,000 years.
指人或物
that
There are many famus wrks by calligraphers that lived a lng time ag. / The painting that I lved the mst was by Claude Mnet.
作主语（不可省略）
wh / which / that + 动词
Several artists wh/that are famus fr their creativity will attend the event.
作宾语（可省略）
（wh / which / that）+ 主语 + 动词
The ne (that) I like best is very clurful.