初中鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）Unit 3 Feel the RhythmSection A第3课时练习题

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第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能够准确理解并运用关系代词 that, which, wh 引导的定语从句，区分它们各自的用法和适用场景。
2. 能够将两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句，正确选择关系代词并保持主谓一致。
3. 能够在语篇中（如4c的故事填空）正确运用 that/which/wh，理解定语从句在实际语境中的功能。
4. 能够理解 that 既可以指人也可以指物的特殊用法，以及与 which/wh 的区别。
二、重点
1. that/which 用于修饰物（先行词为名词性事物），wh 用于修饰人（先行词为人）。
2. that 的特殊性：既可指人也可指物，是 which 和 wh 的"万能替代"。
3. 合并句子时正确选择关系代词，并调整语序（关系代词放在先行词后，从句紧跟其后）。
4. 在语篇中判断先行词的类型并选用恰当的关系代词。
三、难点
• 区分 that 与 which/wh 的用法差异：何时必须用 that，何时优先用 wh/which。
• 在合并句子时保持主谓一致：关系代词指代先行词的单复数决定从句谓语的形式。
• 在连贯的语篇（故事）中快速判断每个空的先行词类型并选用正确的关系代词。
四、字词与词汇
五、语法与句型
【定语从句核心语法精讲】
定语从句（Relative Clause）是放在名词后面、用来修饰该名词的从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。
一、关系代词的基本用法
二、that 与 which 的区别
三、合并句子的步骤
Step 1: 找出两个句子中重复的名词（一个在主句，一个在从句）。
Step 2: 确定该名词是"人"还是"物"，选择 wh 或 that/which。
Step 3: 将从句中重复的名词替换为关系代词，放在先行词后面。
Step 4: 检查主谓是否一致。
示例：This sng is my favurite. It uses the vilin and the erhu.
→ 重复名词：sng = it
→ sng 为物，用 which/that
→ The sng which/that uses the vilin and the erhu is my favurite.
【核心句型】
1. I lve traditinal music that/which tells a stry. （我喜欢讲述故事的传统音乐。）
2. I prefer music that/which is full f jy and celebratin. （我更喜欢充满欢乐和庆祝的音乐。）
3. We want t find ut the kind f music (that/which) everyne likes. （我们想知道每个人都喜欢的音乐类型。）
4. I like musicians wh are creative. （我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。）
【易错辨析】
六、学习支架
【定语从句判断流程图】
【that vs which vs wh 速查表】
七、知识要点
要点1：定语从句中 that, which, wh 的用法区别
that 和 which 都用于修饰物（先行词为事物），wh 用于修饰人（先行词为人）。that 是万能关系代词，既可指人也可指物，但在正式写作中，修饰人时优先用 wh，修饰物时 which 和 that 可互换。在中考中，当先行词为物时 that 和 which 通常都正确；当先行词为人时选 wh。
要点2：合并句子的技巧
4b的练习要求将两个简单句合并为一个定语从句复合句。关键步骤：
① 找出两个句子中相同的事物/人（即先行词）。
② 将第二个句子中重复的名词替换为关系代词（that/which/wh）。
③ 将替换后的从句放在第一个句子中先行词的后面。
④ 检查从句的主谓是否与先行词保持一致（单复数）。
例如：The plicewman will help yu. She is standing near the cncert hall.
→ The plicewman wh is standing near the cncert hall will help yu.
要点3：关系代词在从句中的角色
关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语：
① 作主语：I like musicians wh are creative.（wh 作主语，后接谓语 are creative）
② 作宾语：the kind f music (that) everyne likes（that 作 likes 的宾语，可省略）
当关系代词作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致（主谓一致）。
要点4：语篇中的定语从句运用
4c要求在一个完整故事中填入 that/which/wh。解题策略：
① 先通读全文，理解故事大意。
② 找到每个空前面的名词（先行词），判断是"人"还是"物"。
③ 根据先行词类型选择关系代词：人→wh，物→that/which。
④ 检查从句的语法是否完整（主谓一致等）。
八、典型例题
【例1】
Cmbine the sentences using that, which, r wh:
The girl in purple is a gifted pet. I met her at university.
→ ___________________________________________________
【解答】The girl in purple wh/that I met at university is a gifted pet.
【点拨】先行词 the girl 为人，用 wh（或 that）。从句中 her 替换为 wh/that 后作 met 的宾语。将合并后的从句放在先行词 the girl in purple 后面。
【例2】
They are playing a beautiful piece f music. It was written by a deaf cmpser.
→ ___________________________________________________
【解答】They are playing a beautiful piece f music that/which was written by a deaf cmpser.
【点拨】先行词 music 为物，用 that/which。从句中 It 替换为 that/which 作主语，后接被动语态 was written。
【例3】
Gerge is listening t sme electrnic music. He dwnladed it last night.
→ ___________________________________________________
【解答】Gerge is listening t sme electrnic music that/which he dwnladed last night.
【点拨】先行词 music 为物，用 that/which。从句中 it 替换为 that/which 作 dwnladed 的宾语。注意：that/which 作宾语时可以省略。
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. I like music ______ tells a stry.
A. whB. thatC. whmD. whse
2. The wman ______ lives next dr is a musician.
A. whichB. whmC. whD. whse
3. The sng ______ we listened t yesterday was very ppular.
A. whB. thatC. whseD. where
4. He is the musician ______ wrte this famus piece f music.
A. whichB. whmC. whD. whse
5. The perfrmers ______ used bth Chinese and Western instruments were very creative.
A. whichB. thatC. whD. whm
二、合并句子（每题3分，共12分）
6. This is the bk. It tells a stry abut music.
→ ___________________________________________________
7. The by is my classmate. He can play the pian very well.
→ ___________________________________________________
8. The wman is a famus singer. I met her at the cncert.
→ ___________________________________________________
9. They enjyed the music. It was played by a Chinese rchestra.
→ ___________________________________________________
三、用 that, which 或 wh 填空（每题2分，共8分）
10. I lve music ______ is full f jy and celebratin.
11. She is a gifted musician ______ plays the vilin beautifully.
12. The cncert hall ______ we visited last week was very large.
13. The man ______ gave us a cncert is frm Austria.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择（每题2分，共8分）
1. This is the mst beautiful piece f music ______ I have ever heard.
A. whichB. thatC. whD. whm
2. The musicians ______ are creative can write their wn sngs.
A. whichB. whmC. whD. whse
3. Everything ______ he tld me was true.
A. whichB. whatC. whD. that
4. I prefer the perfrmers ______ play traditinal instruments t thse wh play Western nes.
A. whichB. whC. whmD. whse
二、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Chris is a 15-year-ld by wh lves music mre than anything else. He started learning the pian when he was five years ld. At first, his teacher, Mrs Wang, was a kind wman wh believed in him. She always tld Chris that practice makes perfect.
After years f hard wrk, Chris became very gd at playing the pian. He decided t share his music with thers. Every weekend, he went t a hme fr the elderly t play the pian. The ld peple there lved the music that Chris played. It made them smile and frget abut their prblems.
Chris als jined a schl band that played at lcal events. The band, which had six members, played different kinds f music — frm classical t pp. The musicians wh were in the band practised every day after schl. They became like a family.
Chris's stry shws that music can bring peple tgether. It als shws that anyne wh wrks hard can achieve their dreams. Music is a language that everyne can understand, n matter where they cme frm r hw ld they are.
1. Wh is Chris?
A. A pian teacher wh teaches at a schl.
B. A 15-year-ld by wh lves music.
C. A musician wh plays in a famus band.
D. An ld man wh lives in a hme fr the elderly.
2. What did Mrs Wang always tell Chris?
A. That music was nt imprtant.
B. That he shuld stp playing the pian.
C. That practice makes perfect.
D. That he shuld learn a different instrument.
3. Where did Chris play the pian every weekend?
A. At a schl.
B. At a cncert hall.
C. At a hme fr the elderly.
D. At a music stre.
4. Hw many members were in the schl band?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.
5. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Chris learned t play the pian at five.
B. Music can bring peple tgether and help peple achieve dreams.
C. Mrs Wang was a great pian teacher.
D. The schl band played at lcal events.
三、选词填空（每空1分，共10分）
从方框中选词填空，每词限用一次。
wh | that | which | wh | that | wh | which | that | wh | which
（注：方框中每个词可重复使用，但每空只能填一个词）
Music is smething (1)_________ almst everyne enjys. Peple (2)_________ lve music cme frm all walks f life. There are many kinds f instruments (3)_________ can create beautiful sunds.
The pian is an instrument (4)_________ has 88 keys. It was invented by a man (5)_________ lived in Italy hundreds f years ag. The guitar is anther ppular instrument (6)_________ many yung peple like t play.
Musicians (7)_________ can write their wn sngs are especially talented. A sng (8)_________ has beautiful lyrics can tuch peple's hearts. I knw a girl (9)_________ plays the erhu very well. She is the kind f persn (10)_________ never gives up her dream.
四、写作（10分）
请根据以下提示，写一篇约80词的短文，介绍一位你喜欢的音乐家。使用至少2个定语从句。
提示：1. 这位音乐家是谁？
2. 他/她有什么特点？
3. 你喜欢他/她的什么作品？
4. 他/她对你有什么影响？
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题（每题3分，共6分）
1. 教材4a中有以下句子：
"I lve traditinal music that / which tells a stry."
"I like musicians wh are creative."
从这两句话可以推断出说话者的音乐品味特点是：
A. 只喜欢古典音乐，排斥流行音乐。
B. 重视音乐的内涵（故事性）和创作者的创造力。
C. 只关注乐器的种类和演奏技巧。
D. 不喜欢任何现代音乐。
答案：_______
2. 教材4c中描述Chris是"a shy by wh finds it difficult t talk t thers, but he is still able t cmmunicate thrugh music"。
从这句话可以推断出音乐对Chris的作用是：
A. 让他变成了一个外向的人。
B. 帮助他克服了社交困难，找到了与人沟通的方式。
C. 让他不再需要和朋友交流。
D. 让他忘记了自己害羞的问题。
答案：_______
二、文章结构分析题（4分）
阅读教材4c的故事，回答以下问题：
(1) 故事中定语从句的使用频率很高。作者为什么要在故事中大量使用定语从句？（2分）
________________________________________________________________________________
(2) 如果把故事中的所有定语从句都改为简单句，文章会有什么变化？（2分）
________________________________________________________________________________
第三部分：参考答案
典型例题
【例1】The girl in purple wh/that I met at university is a gifted pet.
【解析】先行词 the girl 为人，用 wh（或 that）。从句中 her 替换为 wh/that 作 met 的宾语。将合并后的从句放在先行词 the girl in purple 后面。
【例2】They are playing a beautiful piece f music that/which was written by a deaf cmpser.
【解析】先行词 music 为物，用 that/which。从句中 It 替换为 that/which 作主语，后接被动语态 was written。
【例3】Gerge is listening t sme electrnic music that/which he dwnladed last night.
【解析】先行词 music 为物，用 that/which。从句中 it 替换为 that/which 作 dwnladed 的宾语。
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
第1题：B
【解析】先行词 music 为物，用 that。wh/whm 修饰人；whse 表所属。
第2题：C
【解析】先行词 the wman 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。which 修饰物；whm 作宾语；whse 表所属。
第3题：B
【解析】先行词 sng 为物，用 that。wh 修饰人；whse 表所属；where 修饰地点。
第4题：C
【解析】先行词 the musician 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。which 修饰物；whm 作宾语。
第5题：C
【解析】先行词 perfrmers 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。which 修饰物；that 可修饰人但不如 wh 优先。
二、合并句子
第6题：This is the bk that/which tells a stry abut music.
【解析】先行词 bk 为物，用 that/which。It 替换为 that/which 作主语。
第7题：The by wh/that can play the pian very well is my classmate.
【解析】先行词 the by 为人，用 wh（或 that）。He 替换为 wh 作主语。
第8题：The wman wh/that I met at the cncert is a famus singer.
【解析】先行词 the wman 为人，用 wh（或 that）。her 替换为 wh 作 met 的宾语。
第9题：They enjyed the music that/which was played by a Chinese rchestra.
【解析】先行词 music 为物，用 that/which。It 替换为 that/which 作主语。
三、用 that, which 或 wh 填空
第10题：that / which
【解析】先行词 music 为物，用 that 或 which。
第11题：wh
【解析】先行词 musician 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。
第12题：that / which
【解析】先行词 cncert hall 为物，用 that 或 which。
第13题：wh
【解析】先行词 the man 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
第1题：B
【解析】先行词被最高级 the mst beautiful 修饰时，关系代词优先用 that。
第2题：C
【解析】先行词 musicians 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。which 修饰物；whm 作宾语。
第3题：D
【解析】先行词为不定代词 Everything 时，关系代词必须用 that，不能用 which。what 不引导定语从句。
第4题：B
【解析】先行词 perfrmers 为人，在从句中作主语，用 wh。which 修饰物；whm 作宾语；whse 表所属。
二、阅读理解
第1题：B
【解析】原文首句："Chris is a 15-year-ld by wh lves music mre than anything else."
第2题：C
【解析】原文："She always tld Chris that practice makes perfect."
第3题：C
【解析】原文："Every weekend, he went t a hme fr the elderly t play the pian."
第4题：B
【解析】原文："The band, which had six members, played different kinds f music."
第5题：B
【解析】末段总结："Music can bring peple tgether... anyne wh wrks hard can achieve their dreams."
三、选词填空
第1题：that / which
【解析】先行词 smething 为不定代词，用 that（优先）或 which。
第2题：wh
【解析】先行词 Peple 为人，用 wh。
第3题：that / which
【解析】先行词 instruments 为物，用 that 或 which。
第4题：that / which
【解析】先行词 instrument 为物，用 that 或 which。
第5题：wh
【解析】先行词 a man 为人，用 wh。
第6题：that / which
【解析】先行词 instrument 为物，用 that 或 which。
第7题：wh
【解析】先行词 Musicians 为人，用 wh。
第8题：that / which
【解析】先行词 sng 为物，用 that 或 which。
第9题：wh
【解析】先行词 a girl 为人，用 wh。
第10题：wh / that
【解析】先行词 the kind f persn 为人，用 wh 或 that。
四、写作
Sample answer:
My Favurite Musician
My favurite musician is Lang Lang. He is a pianist wh is famus all ver the wrld. He was brn in Shenyang in 1982. He started learning the pian when he was nly three years ld.
Lang Lang is a musician wh practises very hard every day. I lve the music that he plays because it is full f emtin. His perfrmance that I watched n TV was amazing. He played a piece that was written by a Chinese cmpser.
Lang Lang has influenced me a lt. He shws me that anyne wh wrks hard can achieve their dreams. He is the kind f persn wh never gives up. I hpe I can play the pian as well as him smeday.
【评分要点】
1. 内容完整（涵盖音乐家身份、特点、作品、影响）——4分
2. 语言准确（语法、拼写正确，定语从句使用恰当且≥2个）——3分
3. 结构清晰（逻辑连贯，段落分明）——2分
4. 词数达标（约80词）——1分
★★★ 拓展延伸
第1题：B
【解析】说话者喜欢"tells a stry"的传统音乐和"are creative"的音乐家，说明他重视音乐的内涵（故事性）和创作者的创造力。A、D过于绝对；C与句意无关。
第2题：B
【解析】原文说 Chris 虽然害羞难以与人交谈，但仍然能通过音乐与人沟通。这说明音乐帮助他找到了沟通的方式。A（变成外向的人）过度推断；C（不需要朋友）错误；D（忘记害羞）文中未提及。
文章结构分析题：
(1) 大量使用定语从句的原因：
①定语从句可以对人物和事物进行详细描述，使故事更加丰富生动；
②通过定语从句，可以在一个句子中同时传达两层信息（主句信息+从句补充），使文章更加紧凑；
③帮助读者更好地理解人物的性格特点和事物的特征。
(2) 改为简单句后的变化：
①句子数量增多，文章变得零散，不够连贯；
②失去了对名词的详细修饰，信息量减少，描述不够生动；
③文章语言显得单调、简单，无法展示语法结构的丰富性。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
relative clause
/ˈrelətɪv klɔːz/
n.
定语从句
A relative clause mdifies a nun.
relative prnun
/ˈrelətɪv prəˈnaʊn/
n.
关系代词
That, which, and wh are relative prnuns.
antecedent
/ænˈtiːsɪdənt/
n.
先行词
The nun that a relative clause mdifies is called the antecedent.
creative
/kriˈeɪtɪv/
adj.
有创造力的
He is a shy by wh finds it difficult t talk t thers.
dwnlad
/ˈdaʊnləʊd/
v.
下载
He dwnladed sme music last night.
cmpser
/kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/
n.
作曲家
The music was written by a deaf cmpser.
pet
/ˈpəʊɪt/
n.
诗人
The girl in purple is a gifted pet.
elderly
/ˈeldəli/
adj.
年老的
He ges t a hme fr the elderly.
关系代词
修饰对象
例句
说明
that
人/物
I lve traditinal music that tells a stry.
I like musicians wh/that are creative.
that 既可指人也可指物，是万能关系代词。
which
物
I prefer music which is full f jy.
The sng which uses the vilin is my favurite.
which 只修饰物，不能修饰人。
wh
人
I like musicians wh are creative.
He is a shy by wh finds it difficult t talk t thers.
wh 只修饰人，不能修饰物。
情况
关系代词选择
例句
修饰物，一般情况
that 或 which 均可
I like music that/which is energetic.
修饰物，that 优先
先行词被最高级修饰时
This is the best music that I have ever heard.
修饰物，that 优先
先行词为 all/everything/anything 等不定代词时
Everything that he said was true.
修饰人，一般情况
wh 优先，that 亦可
I like musicians wh/that are creative.
修饰人，必须用 wh
先行词为 thse 时
Thse wh wrk hard will succeed.
错误表达
正确表达
解析
The music wh tells a stry is mine.
The music that/which tells a stry is mine.
music 为物，用 that/which，不能用 wh。
The girl which I met is a pet.
The girl wh/that I met is a pet.
girl 为人，用 wh（或 that），不能用 which。
The by wh standing near the dr is Tm.
The by wh is standing near the dr is Tm.
wh 在从句中作主语，从句需有完整谓语结构。
The music that written by a deaf cmpser.
The music that was written by a deaf cmpser.
定语从句中需有完整的谓语（被动语态需加 be 动词）。
步骤
操作
说明
第1步
找到被修饰的名词（先行词）
如：music, musicians, perfrmer, sng
第2步
判断先行词是'人'还是'物'
人 → wh/that；物 → that/which
第3步
确定关系代词在从句中的角色
作主语 → 从句谓语需与先行词一致
作宾语 → 关系代词可省略
第4步
检查主谓一致
先行词为单数 → 从句谓语单数
先行词为复数 → 从句谓语复数
先行词类型
可用关系代词
优先推荐
示例
人（单/复数）
wh, that
wh
musicians wh/that are creative
物（单/复数）
which, that
两者均可
music which/that is energetic
人+物都可
that
that
that 既指人也指物