2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题01阅读理解CD篇(科技创新发明类)(原卷版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题01阅读理解CD篇(科技创新发明类)(原卷版+解析)，共17页。试卷主要包含了说明文的解题技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。


说明文基本规律及解题要领
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：
首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。
背景: 交代问题的现状或研究的起因。
主干: 部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾: 通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 运用语篇结构（text structure），了解文章大意
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。科技创新发明类文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。
实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。
阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。
2. 定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断
每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。
关注某人说到或推断观点态度题
某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。
4.关注转折关系的逻辑词
说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如hwever, but, yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节
正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。

01 科技创新发明类
1.（2026·广东·一模）
What if the cmputers f tmrrw didn’t depend n metal and plastic, but instead grew frm the sil beneath ur feet? This idea is turning int reality in a labratry, where researchers at The Ohi State University have fund that cmmn fungi — such as shiitake and buttn mushrms — can be used t create memry cmpnents fr cmputing.
These mushrm-based devices act as rganic memristrs (忆阻器), shrt fr memry resistrs. Unlike traditinal resistrs, memristrs have the unique ability t retain infrmatin abut past electrical states. When current flws in ne directin, their resistance increases; when it flws the ppsite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the pwer is switched ff, the resistance level remains, thus allwing memristrs t functin like tiny memry units inside a cmputer.
Mushrms cntain a dense, thread-like netwrk knwn as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristrs d. T test this, scientists attached wires t dried mushrms and sent small electrical pulses thrugh them. The results were remarkable: the mushrms switched between electrical states up t 5,850 times per secnd with abut 90% accuracy. Althugh their perfrmance drpped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrms were linked tgether — suggesting a kind f cllective intelligence, similar t hw brain cells functin tgether.
Beynd these exciting results, mushrms cme with majr envirnmental advantages. Traditinal memristrs rely n scarce minerals and require high energy cnsumptin. Mushrms, hwever, are renewable, bidegradable, and easy t grw. Their mycelium can als be shaped int custm structures, making them suitable fr wearable electrnics, smart sensrs, and ther emerging technlgies.
“Everything needed t explre rganic cmputing culd be as small as a pile f natural waste and sme hmemade electrnics — r as large as a culturing factry,” said Jhn LaRcc, the study’s lead authr. “All f it is achievable with the resurces we already have.” In the nt-t-distant future, the cmputers n ur desks may very well have taken rt — quite literally — in the frest.
1. What des the underlined wrd “retain” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Track.B. Stre.C. Gather.D. Analyze.
2. What des the authr want t illustrate by mentining brain cells in paragraph 3?
A. The cmplex structure f mushrms.
B. The rapid electrical respnse f mycelium.
C. The cperative nature f mycelium netwrks.
D. The unstable perfrmance f mushrm devices.
3. What advantages d mushrm-based memristrs have accrding t paragraph 4?
A. They are rare and special.B. They are smart and pwerful.
C. They are creative and prductive.D. They are sustainable and adaptable.
4. What can be inferred abut rganic cmputing frm Jhn LaRcc’s wrds?
A. It has a lw barrier t entry.B. It will advance frest research.
C. It helps reduce agricultural waste.D. It will create mre jbs in factries.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，可利用普通蘑菇菌丝体制备有机忆阻器，用于计算机存储，且环保可再生、应用前景广阔。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“Even after the pwer is switched f, the resistance level remains, thus allwing memristrs t functin like tiny memry units”可知，忆阻器能储存过往的电学状态信息，retain 意为“储存、保留”，与 stre 同义:A 项“追踪”、C 项“收集”、D 项“分析”均不符。。故选 B 项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“stability returned when several mushrms were linked tgether -suggesting kind f cllective intelligence, similar t hw brain cells functin tgether”可知，提及脑细胞是为了类比说明菌丝体网络的协作特性:A项“蘑菇的复杂结构”、B项“菌丝体的快速电反应”、D项“蘑菇设备的不稳定性”均非类比目的。故选 C 项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Mushrms.hwever,are renewable,bidegradable, and easy t mycelium can als be shaped int custm structures”可知，蘑菇基忆阻器的优势是可持续(可再生、可降解)且适应性强(可定制结构):A项“稀有特殊”与文意相反:B项“智能强大”、C项“有创造力多产”未提及。故选 D 项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everything needed t explre rganic cmputing culd be as small as a pile f natural waste and sme hmemade electrnics... All f it is achievable with the resurces we already have”可知，有机计算入门门槛低:B 项“推进森林研究”、C项“减少农业废料”D 项“创造工厂就业”均未提及。故选 A 项。
2.（2026·江苏·一模）
Culd yu imagine being able t “feel” the images n yur screen? UCSB researchers have made this sci-fi-like idea a reality. They’ve develped a display where pixels (像素) physically rise ff the surface when activated by laser light (激光) .
Even ur mst advanced screens tday have a limitatin: they’re flat. We never quite feel what we see.
In 2021, UCSB prfessr Yn Visell investigated this very questin: culd light be made t create a sensatin that culd be felt thrugh tuch? He saw a breakthrugh in late 2022. A single pixel rse upward under a flash f laser light, sending a pulse (脉冲) that was very much nticeable t Prfessr Visell’s fingertips.
At the heart f this inventin are tiny pixels, which are tiny cells built with a thin film stretched abve a small air cavity (腔) . When a quick pulse f laser light hits a pixel, the film heats up, causing the trapped air t expand, making the surface swell upward in just 2 t 100 millisecnds, by abut a millimeter (0.04 inch) .
As a sighted persn, it des initially feel like smething new and unusual. But the mre I think abut it, the mre it feels like it culd have the mst significant benefit t peple wh explre the wrld thrugh tuch. This begins t lk like a srt f “animated Braille (动画盲文)” and tells a stry in real-time. It culd make digital learning faster and richer fr blind users.
Tuch and sight have always lived in separate digital wrlds. We input with tuch, and cnsume utputs with sight. With this new inventin, this separatin may just be narrwing. As the UCSB researchers put it, smeday sn, anything yu see, yu may als feel.
5. What makes the new display different frm the screens tday?
A. It sends ut laser light.B. Its pixels can expand upward.
C. It rises ff fingertips.D. Its pulses are unnticeable.
6. Which aspect f the inventin is talked abut in paragraph 4?
A. Its wrking principle.B. Its daily applicatin.
C. Its bvius advantages.D. Its ptential challenges.
7. Wh will benefit mst frm the new display accrding t the authr?
A. UCSB researchers.B. Adventurus sighted peple.
C. The visually disabled.D. The digital enthusiasts.
8. What des the authr imply abut the inventin in the last paragraph?
A. It may help replace sight with tuch.B. It may separate input frm utput.
C. It may help feel what is usually seen.D. It may enlarge gaps between senses.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校研究人员研发的新型可触摸显示屏，其工作原理及对视觉障碍人群的重要意义。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段 “They’ve develped a display where pixels physically rise ff the surface when activated by laser light.” 以及第四段 “making the surface swell upward” 可知，新型显示屏与现有屏幕的不同之处在于其像素在激光激活下会物理向上凸起；A 项 “发出激光” 并非其与现有屏幕的区别，激光是激活像素的条件而非显示屏自身特性；C 项 “从指尖升起” 表述错误，是像素升起而非显示屏本身；D 项 “脉冲不易察觉” 与第三段 “sending a pulse that was very much nticeable t Prfessr Visell’s fingertips” 相悖。故选 B 项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段 “At the heart f this inventin are tiny pixels, which are tiny cells built with a thin film stretched abve a small air cavity. When a quick pulse f laser light hits a pixel, the film heats up, causing the trapped air t expand, making the surface swell upward...” 可知，本段详细阐述了新型显示屏的核心构成（像素结构）及激光激活像素的具体过程，即主要介绍了该发明的工作原理；B 项 “日常应用”、C 项 “明显优势”、D 项 “潜在挑战” 均未在本段提及。故选 A 项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段 “the mre it feels like it culd have the mst significant benefit t peple wh explre the wrld thrugh tuch. This begins t lk like a srt f ‘animated Braille’ and tells a stry in real-time. It culd make digital learning faster and richer fr blind users.” 可知，视觉障碍人群（盲人）能通过这款显示屏的 “动画盲文” 实时获取信息，提升数字学习体验，是最大受益者；A 项 “加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校研究人员” 是发明者，并非最大受益者；B 项 “爱冒险的有视力者” 仅提到 “感觉新奇”，未体现显著益处；D 项 “数字爱好者” 未在文中提及与该发明的关联。故选 C 项。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Tuch and sight have always lived in separate digital wrlds... With this new inventin, this separatin may just be narrwing... smeday sn, anything yu see, yu may als feel.” 可知，作者暗示这项发明能缩小视觉与触觉在数字世界中的隔阂，让人们能够触摸到原本只能用眼睛看到的事物；A 项 “用触觉替代视觉” 表述错误，文中是缩小隔阂而非替代；B 项 “分离输入与输出” 与文意相反，原文说的是打破分离；D 项 “扩大感官间的差距” 与 “separatin may just be narrwing” 相悖。故选 C 项。
3.（2026·浙江北斗星盟·一模）
Dlphin cmmunicatin has always interested scientists. The intelligent mammals use a range f nises t wrk tgether and stay cnnected. Sme sunds even act like names, helping dlphins recgnize ne anther. Nw, researchers at Ggle and Gergia Tech hpe t understand dlphin speech — and maybe even talk t them — with the help f Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The scientists began by training an AI language mdel — DlphinGemma, which used 40 years f data frm Atlantic sptted dlphins in the Bahamas. The recrdings and vides were cllected by researchers at the Wild Dlphin Prject (WDP). They captured nt nly the sunds dlphins made but als the cntext in which they were used.
Once ready, DlphinGemma culd prduce sunds similar t the recrdings. Abut half were just cean nise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dlphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. Burst pulses are tightly spaced clicks that sund like buzzing r squeaking. Dlphins use them t talk, play, and navigate their way.
The next step is t test if these AI-generated sunds wrk n dlphins. T d this, the team is building a device nicknamed CHAT. Once ready, tw divers will wear CHAT and swim alngside the dlphins. CHAT will play an AI-generated dlphin whistle t “ask” fr an bject, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the bject back and frth. If a dlphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf.
Thea Taylr is the directr f the Sussex Dlphin Prject. She is nt part f the DlphinGemma experiment but is fascinated by it. She cautins that the researchers must be sure the dlphins are cmmunicating — nt just cpying sunds t get the bject. “We have t think whether that's actually an understanding f language — r whether it's the same as teaching a dg t sit because they get a reward,” Taylr said.
Regardless f the utcme, the DlphinGemma team hpes their prject will shw hw smart dlphins are. “Maybe understanding them wuld make us cnnect differently — and realize that these species have the right t a healthy existence,” says WDP funder Dr. Denise Herzing.
9. What is the primary functin f DlphinGemma?
A. T cllect dlphin sunds frm the wild.
B. T generate artificial dlphin-like sunds.
C. T teach dlphins human language cmmands.
D. T replace human divers in dlphin cmmunicatin.
10. Hw will researchers knw if the dlphin truly cmmunicates with CHAT?
A. The dlphin swims clse t CHAT.
B. The dlphin reprduces the AI whistle.
C. The dlphin is rewarded with the scarf.
D The dlphin interacts with the passed bject.
11. What is Thea Taylr's main cncern abut the DlphinGemma experiment?
A. The ethical issue with using AI n dlphins.
B. Human interventin n natural dlphin behavir.
C. Whether dlphins truly understand r just seek rewards.
D. Whether AI sunds may cnfuse dlphin cmmunicatin.
12. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Dlphins Play with AI.B. AI Translates Dlphin Language.
C. AI Dives int Dlphin Talk.D. Dlphins Use AI t Cmmunicate.
【答案】9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科研团队借助人工智能模型研究海豚交流方式，尝试生成海豚声音并验证其能否实现与海豚的沟通。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once ready, DlphinGemma culd prduce sunds similar t the recrdings. Abut half were just cean nise. The rest mimicked (模仿) dlphin clicks, whistles, and burst pulses. (准备就绪后，DlphinGemma能够生成与录音相似的声音。其中约一半只是海洋噪音，其余的则模仿了海豚的咔嗒声、哨声和脉冲串。)”可知，DlphinGemma的主要功能是生成类似海豚的人工声音。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“CHAT will play an AI-generated dlphin whistle t “ask” fr an bject, like a scarf. At the same time, the divers will pass the bject back and frth. If a dlphin mimics the whistle, the divers will reward it with the scarf. (CHAT设备会播放一段人工智能生成的海豚哨声，“索要”一个物品，比如一条围巾。与此同时，潜水员会来回传递这个物品。如果海豚模仿出这种哨声，潜水员就会把围巾奖励给它。)”可知，当海豚模仿出AI生成的哨声时，研究人员就能判断海豚在和CHAT进行交流。故选B项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She cautins that the researchers must be sure the dlphins are cmmunicating — nt just cpying sunds t get the bject. “We have t think whether that's actually an understanding f language — r whether it’s the same as teaching a dg t sit because they get a reward,” Taylr said. (她提醒研究人员必须确认海豚是在进行交流，而不是为了获取物品而单纯模仿声音。泰勒说：“我们必须思考，这到底是对语言的理解，还是和训练狗狗坐下以获取奖励是同一回事。”)”可知，西娅·泰勒的主要担忧是海豚究竟是真正理解了交流内容，还是仅仅为了获取奖励而模仿声音。故选C项。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Nw, researchers at Ggle and Gergia Tech hpe t understand dlphin speech — and maybe even talk t them — with the help f Artificial Intelligence (AI). (如今，谷歌和佐治亚理工学院的研究人员希望借助人工智能，去理解海豚的语言，甚至有可能和它们进行交流。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕人工智能助力研究海豚交流展开，“AI Dives int Dlphin Talk(人工智能探索海豚的语言)” 这个标题既点明了核心工具人工智能，又突出了研究对象海豚的交流，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
4.（2026·福建泉州·二检）
On a labratry bench in Cambridge, Massachusetts, plished rund blcks f black cncrete sit bathed in liquid and wrapped in wires. Damian Stefaniuk presses a switch — the blcks, wired t an LED, make the bulb cme t life. This success prmises a new future fr energy strage.
Renewable energy like slar and wind is nt always available, requiring batteries fr strage. Hwever, lithium (锂) batteries face shrtages and can prduce pisnus chemicals, driving the search fr alternatives. This is where Stefaniuk’s cncrete cmes in: he and clleagues create supercapacitrs frm water, cement (水泥), and carbn black. The supercapacitr’s cre lies in carbn black’s high ability t cnduct electricity. Mixed with cement and water, it frms cncrete with cnductive netwrks.
Supercapacitrs are highly efficient at string energy but differ frm batteries in sme ways. They can charge much mre quickly and their energy strage density is enugh t pwer a 10-watt LED bulb fr 30 hurs. Hwever, supercapacitrs als release stred pwer rapidly, making them less useful in devices such as mbile phnes, laptps, r electric cars that require a steady supply f energy.
One applicatin f supercapacitrs is t create rads that stre slar energy and then release it t recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive alng a rad. The rapid release f energy frm the supercapacitr wuld allw vehicles t get a rapid bst t their batteries. Anther wuld be as energy-string fundatins f huses — 30 t 40 cubic meters meets a husehld’s daily needs; Stefaniuk ntes: “Walls, fundatins r clumns can supprt structures and stre energy.”
While reducing lithium reliance, carbn-cement supercapacitrs have envirnmental impacts: cement prductin is respnsible fr 5-8% f glbal carbn dixide emissins, and the carbn-cement needed wuld need t be freshly made rather than added t and used in existing structures. But there may be a way f vercming the prblem, adds Michael Shrt, wh leads the Centre fr Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University. His clleagues are already wrking n lw-emissins cement that is made frm the by-prducts f the steel and chemical industries.
13. What is a primary purpse f Stefaniuk and his clleagues’ research?
A. T develp new applicatins f cncrete.
B. T intrduce a material fr lithium batteries.
C. T study the prperties f cement mixture.
D. T create a new apprach fr energy strage.
14. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The grwing adptin f renewable energy.
B. The prcess f making a new strage device.
C. The prblems with current lithium battery technlgy.
D. The reasns fr develping carbn-cement supercapacitrs.
15. What is an applicatin fr supercapacitrs?
A. Pwering hme appliances cntinuusly.
B. Wirelessly charging electric vehicles n rads.
C. Serving as the main battery fr mbile phnes.
D. Replacing all traditinal building fundatins.
16. What des Shrt’s current research fcus n?
A. Reducing reliance n carbn-cement.
B. Upgrading existing structures.
C. Tackling high carbn ftprint.
D. Simplifying lw-cst ingredients.
【答案】13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Stefaniuk及其同事研发的碳水泥超级电容器，这种新型储能装置为可再生能源储存提供了新思路，并探讨了其应用前景与环保挑战。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This success prmises a new future fr energy strage.(这一成功为能量储存带来了新的未来)”以及第二段“This is where Stefaniuk’s cncrete cmes in: he and clleagues create supercapacitrs frm water, cement (水泥), and carbn black.(这就是Stefaniuk的混凝土发挥作用的地方：他和同事们用水、水泥和炭黑制造超级电容器)”可知，Stefaniuk和他的同事们研究的主要目的是创造一种新的能量储存方法。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Renewable energy like slar and wind is nt always available, requiring batteries fr strage. Hwever, lithium (锂) batteries face shrtages and can prduce pisnus chemicals, driving the search fr alternatives. This is where Stefaniuk’s cncrete cmes in: he and clleagues create supercapacitrs frm water, cement (水泥), and carbn black.(像太阳能和风能这样的可再生能源并不总是可用，需要电池来储存。然而，锂电池面临短缺，并可能产生有毒化学物质，这促使人们寻找替代品。这就是Stefaniuk的混凝土发挥作用的地方：他和同事们用水、水泥和炭黑制造超级电容器)”可知，第二段主要介绍了开发碳水泥超级电容器的原因。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“One applicatin f supercapacitrs is t create rads that stre slar energy and then release it t recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive alng a rad.(超级电容器的一个应用是建造能够储存太阳能的道路，然后在电动汽车行驶时无线释放能量为其充电)”可知，超级电容器的一个应用是在道路上为电动汽车无线充电。故选B。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But there may be a way f vercming the prblem, adds Michael Shrt, wh leads the Centre fr Sustainable Engineering at Teesside University. His clleagues are already wrking n lw-emissins cement that is made frm the by-prducts f the steel and chemical industries.(但蒂赛德大学可持续工程中心主任迈克尔·肖特补充说，可能有办法克服这个问题。他的同事们已经在研究由钢铁和化工行业的副产品制成的低排放水泥)”可知，肖特目前的研究重点是解决高碳足迹问题。故选C。
5.（2026·山东·一模）
Fifteen decades ag, Francis Galtn first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate ver the factrs shaping human identity has lng been a central tpic in human sciences. D ur genes determine ur life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we brn as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in ur families and the wider wrld? Tday, hwever, a new branch f science is ready t verturn the debate. Thrugh this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the envirnment d nt act independently, but instead interact clsely and even shape ne anther in tangible ways.
Genes d nt shape ur identities merely n their wn within ur bdies; instead, they functin partly by mlding the envirnments we chse r create. A striking finding f this research is that ur envirnment is, in part, shaped by the genes f the peple arund us. Initial research suggests that yur partner’s genes influence yur likelihd f depressin almst a third as much as yur wn genes d. A few students with a genetic trend fr smking in a high schl seemed t cause smking rates t skyrcket acrss the entire grade — even amng students wh have n direct cntact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading thrugh scial netwrks.
Genes alne aren’t enugh t determine these utcmes and neither is envirnment. Nature and nurture bth shape each ther, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way ur nature expresses itself. The mre pprtunities and infrmatin the envirnment prvides — the mre varied envirnments becme — the bigger the rle that genetic variatin plays in distinguishing us int different grups.
Nature and nurture aren’t separate frces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back n each ther. This interdependence means their interactin is fluid and reciprcal, a cre insight f scigenmics that bridges genetic and scial science.
17. Why did the authr mentin the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1?
A. T emphasize the dminant rle f family experiences.
B. T intrduce a lng-standing cre tpic in human sciences.
C. T highlight the weakness f early hereditarians’ arguments.
D. T lay a cntrastive fundatin fr a new scientific perspective.
18. What can be inferred frm the example f students?
A. Smking behavir spreads mainly thrugh direct persuasin.
B. Genetic tendencies can indirectly change grup behavir.
C. Schl rules fail t cntrl students’ genetic instincts.
D. Only smkers’ friends adpt the same genetic risks.
19. What happens when envirnments becme mre diverse accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Peple rely less n their genetic traits.
B. Genetic differences play a smaller rle.
C Genetic differences becme mre influential.
D. Nurture becmes mre imprtant than nature.
20. What des the authr mean by cmparing nature and nurture t a “Möbius strip”?
A. They depend entirely n physical cnditins.
B. They have a ne-way influence n each ther.
C. They frm a cmplex, cntinuus cycle f impact.
D. They are tw separate parts f human develpment.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章挑战了“先天与后天”对立的传统观点，提出社会基因组学的新视角，指出基因与环境不可分割，二者如同莫比乌斯环般不断地相互交织循环。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fifteen decades ag, Francis Galtn first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate ver the factrs shaping human identity has lng been a central tpic in human sciences. D ur genes determine ur life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we brn as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in ur families and the wider wrld? Tday, hwever, a new branch f science is ready t verturn the debate. (150年前，Francis Galtn首次提出了“先天与后天”这一概念，关于塑造人类身份的各种因素的争论在人类科学领域一直是一个核心议题。我们的基因是否像遗传论者所说的那样决定了我们的人生道路？还是说我们生来就像一张白纸，只是由家庭和更广阔世界中的经历来塑造呢？然而，如今，一门新的科学分支即将彻底改变这场争论。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“先天与后天”的经典争论，引出这一长期存在的核心话题，进而用“然而”转折，为后文提出的新科学视角，即先天与后天不可分割，奠定对比基础。故选D项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“A few students with a genetic trend fr smking in a high schl seemed t cause smking rates t skyrcket acrss the entire grade — even amng students wh have n direct cntact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading thrugh scial netwrks. (高中里几名有吸烟遗传倾向的学生似乎导致整个年级的吸烟率飙升——甚至包括那些与这些学生没有直接接触的学生——就像基因驱动的野火通过社交网络蔓延。)”可知，在该例中，少数有吸烟遗传倾向的学生也能通过社交网络间接影响整个群体的行为，这表明基因倾向可以间接改变群体行为模式。故选B项。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The mre pprtunities and infrmatin the envirnment prvides — the mre varied envirnments becme — the bigger the rle that genetic variatin plays in distinguishing us int different grups. (环境提供的机会和信息越多——环境越多样化——遗传变异在将我们区分成不同群体时所扮演的角色就越大。)”可知，当环境变得更加多样化时，遗传差异的作用会变得更加显著。故选C项。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nature and nurture aren’t separate frces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back n each ther. This interdependence means their interactin is fluid and reciprcal (先天与后天并非相互独立的力量——它们就像一个莫比乌斯环，不断地相互交织循环。这种相互依存的关系意味着它们之间的相互作用是灵活且相互关联的)”可知，作者将先天与后天比作“莫比乌斯环”，意在说明它们形成了一个复杂且持续相互影响的循环。故选C项。
6.（2026·山西·一模）
New research challenges the widespread belief that artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a majr rise in glbal greenhuse gas emissins Scientists frm the University f Waterl and the Gergia Institute f Technlgy analyzed U.S. ecnmic data alngside estimates f hw frequently AI tls are used acrss different industries. Their aim was t understand what might happen t the envirnment if AI adptin increases alng its current path.
Accrding t the U.S. Energy Infrmatin Administratin, 83 percent f the natin’s ecnmic activity relies n petrl, cal and natural gas. These fuels release greenhuse gases when burned. The researchers nted that ttal energy use frm AI in the U.S. matched the electricity cnsumptin f Iceland, yet this amunt remained insignificant when viewed at natinal r glbal levels.
“It is imprtant t nte that the increase in energy use is nt ging t be unifrm. It’s ging t be felt mre in the places where electricity is prduced t pwer the data centers,” said Dr Juan Mren-Cruz, a prfessr at the Schl f Envirnment, Enterprise and Develpment at the University f Waterl and Canada Research Chair in Energy Transitins. “If yu lk at that energy frm the lcal perspective, that’s a big deal because sme places culd see duble the amunt f electricity utput and emissins. But at a larger scale, AI’s use f energy wn’t be nticeable.”
“Fr peple wh believe that the use f AI will be a majr prblem fr the climate and think we shuld avid it, we’re ffering a different perspective,” Mren-Cruz added. “The effects n climate are nt that significant, and we can use AI t develp green technlgies r t imprve existing nes.”
T develp their findings, envirnmental ecnmists Mren-Cruz and Dr Anthny Harding reviewed a variety f ecnmic sectrs, the types f jbs within thse sectrs, and the share f tasks that culd ptentially be perfrmed by AI. Mren-Cruz and Harding intend t apply the same apprach t additinal cuntries in rder t understand hw AI adptin may affect envirnmental utcmes acrss different regins f the wrld.
21. What is the primary gal f the research?
A. T prmte the develpment f green AI.B. T measure energy cnsumptin wrldwide.
C. T warn abut AI’s grwing energy demands.D. T assess AI’s ptential envirnmental effects.
22. What can be said abut AI energy cnsumptin in the U.S.?
A. It cntributes t petrl-based activities.B. It will sn reach the glbal emissin target.
C. It has small influence at the natinal level.D. It exceeds Iceland’s electricity cnsumptin.
23 What d researchers plan t d next?
A. Extend their research t mre cuntries.B. Shift fcus t AI’s ecnmic advantages.
C. Develp AI applicatins t stp emissins.D. Reduce the energy use f AI in data centers.
24. Which f the fllwing is the main idea f the text?
A. AI technlgy drives greenhuse gas emissins.
B. AI energy cnsumptin urgently needs regulating.
C. Data centers emit mre than previusly estimated.
D. AI’s impact n climate is much smaller than believed.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究对人工智能（AI）是否会大幅增加全球温室气体排放这一普遍观点提出质疑，介绍了研究的过程、发现及未来计划。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Their aim was t understand what might happen t the envirnment if AI adptin increases alng its current path. (他们的目的是了解如果人工智能的采用沿着目前的路径增加，环境可能会发生什么)”可知，该研究的主要目的是评估人工智能对环境的潜在影响。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers nted that ttal energy use frm AI in the U. S. matched the electricity cnsumptin f Iceland, yet this amunt remained insignificant when viewed at natinal r glbal levels. (研究人员指出，美国人工智能的总能源使用量与冰岛的电力消耗相当，但从国家或全球层面来看，这一数字仍然微不足道)”可知，美国人工智能的能源消耗在国家层面上影响较小。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mren-Cruz and Harding intend t apply the same apprach t additinal cuntries in rder t understand hw AI adptin may affect envirnmental utcmes acrss different regins f the wrld. (Mren-Cruz和Harding打算将同样的方法应用于更多的国家，以便了解人工智能的采用可能如何影响世界不同地区的环境结果)”可知，研究人员计划将他们的研究扩展到更多国家。故选A项。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research challenges the widespread belief that artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a majr rise in glbal greenhuse gas emissins. (新研究对人工智能（AI）正在推动全球温室气体排放大幅上升的普遍看法提出了挑战)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了新研究对人工智能（AI）是否会大幅增加全球温室气体排放这一普遍观点提出质疑，研究发现人工智能对气候的影响比人们认为的要小得多。故选D项。
7.（2026·东北三省三校·一模）
Fr decades, cancer treatment has been dminated by chemtherapy (化疗) , a tl that attacks rapidly dividing cells — bth cancerus and healthy nes. Patients underging chemtherapy ften suffer severe side effects such as hair lss, and weakened immunity, making the treatment prcess as painful as the disease itself. Hwever, the emergence f targeted drugs has started an era f precisin medicine that treats cancer nt with a “carpet bmbing” but with a “precisin strike.”
Unlike chemtherapy, which harms healthy cells withut discriminatin, targeted drugs cause minimal damage t nrmal tissues. Mst patients nly experience mild side effects like diarrhea, allwing them t maintain a relatively nrmal quality f life during treatment. Many targeted drugs are als available in ral frm, saving patients frm frequent hspital visits fr injectins.
Targeted drugs wrk like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigatin systems. Each cancer cell carries unique mlecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special lcks n the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs t act as the matching keys, enabling them t attach specifically t these targets. A well-knwn drug, Trastuzumab, fcuses n the HER2 prtein verexpressed in sme breast cancer cells, blcking their grwth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability t destry cancer cells.
Yet, targeted therapy still faces majr difficulties: drug resistance and high csts. Cancer cells are highly adaptable. After mnths r years f treatment, they may mutate (突变) t escape the effects f targeted drugs. Sme lung cancer patients treated with first-generatin EGFR inhibitrs (抑制剂) , fr instance, develp the T790M mutatin, making the drugs ineffective. Meanwhile, the lng and cstly develpment prcess f targeted drugs — frm target discvery t clinical trials — leads t extremely high prices, putting them ut f reach fr many patients wrldwide.
The future f targeted drugs lies in cnstant innvatin. Scientists are explring cmbined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immuntherapy, bringing new hpe t cuntless cancer patients and mving humanity clser t defeating cancer.
25. What advantage d targeted drugs have ver chemtherapy?
A. They can cmpletely cure cancer.
B. They precisely attack cancer cells.
C. They wrk faster than chemtherapy.
D. They have n side effects n tissues.
26. Why des the authr mentin Trastuzumab in paragraph 3?
A. T illustrate hw targeted drugs wrk.
B. T explain hw cancer cells mutate and resist drugs.
C. T cmpare targeted drugs with traditinal chemtherapy.
D. T shw targeted drugs are nly effective fr breast cancer.
27. What can we infer abut targeted therapy in paragraph 4?
A. Targeted drugs will sn replace chemtherapy.
B. High csts limit the use f targeted drugs glbally.
C. Drug resistance can be slved by T790M mutatin.
D. The T790M mutatin makes cancer cells sensitive t drugs.
28. What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f targeted drugs?
A. Dubtful.B. Pessimistic.
C. Optimistic.D. Uncncerned.
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了靶向药物相较于化疗的优势、作用原理、面临的困难及未来发展前景。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike chemtherapy, which harms healthy cells withut discriminatin, targeted drugs cause minimal damage t nrmal tissues. (与化疗无差别地伤害健康细胞不同，靶向药物对正常组织的损伤极小)”以及第三段“Researchers design targeted drugs t act as the matching keys, enabling them t attach specifically t these targets. (研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上)”可知，靶向药物能精准攻击癌细胞。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Targeted drugs wrk like smart missiles equipped with advanced navigatin systems. Each cancer cell carries unique mlecular (分子的) features called “targets,” which are like the special lcks n the cells. Researchers design targeted drugs t act as the matching keys, enabling them t attach specifically t these targets. A well-knwn drug, Trastuzumab, fcuses n the HER2 prtein verexpressed in sme breast cancer cells, blcking their grwth signals and enhancing the immune system’s ability t destry cancer cells. (靶向药物就像配备了先进导航系统的智能导弹。每个癌细胞都携带独特的分子特征，称为“靶点”，就像细胞上的特殊锁。研究人员设计靶向药物作为匹配的钥匙，使它们能够特异性地结合到这些靶点上。一种著名的药物曲妥珠单抗，针对一些乳腺癌细胞中过度表达的HER2蛋白，阻断其生长信号，增强免疫系统破坏癌细胞的能力)”可知，作者提到曲妥珠单抗是为了说明靶向药物是如何工作的。故选A项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, the lng and cstly develpment prcess f targeted drugs — frm target discvery t clinical trials — leads t extremely high prices, putting them ut f reach fr many patients wrldwide. (同时，靶向药物从靶点发现到临床试验的漫长而昂贵的开发过程导致价格极高，使全球许多患者无法承受)”可推断，高昂的成本限制了靶向药物在全球的使用。故选B项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The future f targeted drugs lies in cnstant innvatin. Scientists are explring cmbined therapies, such as pairing targeted drugs with immuntherapy, bringing new hpe t cuntless cancer patients and mving humanity clser t defeating cancer. (靶向药物的未来在于不断创新。科学家们正在探索联合疗法，例如将靶向药物与免疫疗法相结合，为无数癌症患者带来新的希望，使人类更接近战胜癌症)”可知，作者对靶向药物的未来持乐观态度。故选C项。
8.（2026·河北百校联盟·一模）
Inspired by butterfly wings, a team f German researchers have develped a new kind f rbtic wings that can wrk using nly magnetic fields (磁场). The new wings created by the Technical University f Darmstadt researchers need n batteries r electrnics.
The researchers drew inspiratin frm the remarkable efficiency and endurance (持久力) f mnarch butterflies, knwn t have incredibly lng migratins between Canada and Mexic. Every autumn, millins f Mnarch butterflies start a 3,000-mile jurney frm their Nrth American breeding grunds t the warmer climate f suthwestern Mexic fr the winter.
These new rbtic wings achieve energy-efficient flight by cmbining mvement with passive bending, which was rarely cpied utside the natural wrld. The team, led by Prfessr Oliver Gutfleisch and Dr. Denys Makarv, used a cmbinatin f flexible plastic fixed with tiny magnetic particles (颗粒) t build the wings.
The team fund that the magnetic particles, when expsed t external magnetic fields, caused the wings t bend in a manner similar t that f butterflies. Achieving the desired design prved challenging; hwever, after testing fewer than 12 different designs, the team culd develp wings strikingly similar t thse that evlved in butterflies.
Lking ahead, these new wings culd have a wide range f applicatins. One culd be envirnmental research in which winged rbts mnitr pllinatr ppulatins r measure air quality. They culd als be helpful in disasters, with their small, energy-efficient design enabling rbts t navigate dangerus areas fr search and rescue peratins. The team als pinted ut that the new design culd als be readily adapted fr medical sciences.
The principle f using magnetic particles in this way culd als pen drs fr develping new kinds f artificial muscles r ther innvative materials that can change shape n demand. While the rbtic wings currently rely n external magnetic fields t change shape, the team is ptimistic abut integrating man-made magnetic field generatrs int future upgrades f the technlgy. “We plan t explre what changes t magnetic fields can enable mre cmplex mvements and cntrl,” explained Muhammad Bilal Khan, anther lead authr.
29. What’s the driving pwer f the rbtic wings?
A. The air pressure.B. The magnetic field.
C. The rechargeable battery.D. The electrnic mtr.
30. What des paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A. The ptential f the rbtic wings.B. Challenges facing the research team.
C. The wrking principle f the rbts.D. Uncertainties in develping rbtic wings.
31. What des the last paragraph imply abut the rbtic wings?
A. They shuld still depend n utside magnetic fields.
B. Their use is strictly limited t envirnmental mnitring.
C. They are expected t perate in cntrlled magnetic fields.
D. Their new versins will functin as well as human muscles.
32. Which is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Mnarch Butterfly’s 3,000-Mile Jurney
B. Rbtics Taking Wings Thanks t Butterflies
C. Butterflies Rely n Magnetic Fields fr Flight
D. Butterfly Wings Hld Clues t Natural Adaptatin
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受蝴蝶翅膀启发，德国研究人员开发出仅靠磁场就能工作的新型机器人翅膀，阐述了其工作原理、应用潜力以及未来发展方向。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Inspired by butterfly wings, a team f German researchers have develped a new kind f rbtic wings that can wrk using nly magnetic fields (磁场). (受蝴蝶翅膀的启发，一组德国研究人员开发了一种新型的机器人翅膀，只需使用磁场即可工作)”可知，机器人翅膀的动力是磁场。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Lking ahead, these new wings culd have a wide range f applicatins. One culd be envirnmental research in which winged rbts mnitr pllinatr ppulatins r measure air quality. They culd als be helpful in disasters, with their small, energy-efficient design enabling rbts t navigate dangerus areas fr search and rescue peratins. The team als pinted ut that the new design culd als be readily adapted fr medical sciences. (展望未来，这些新翅膀可能有广泛的应用。其中之一可能是环境研究，有翼机器人可以监测传粉昆虫的数量或测量空气质量。它们在灾难中也可能很有帮助，其小巧、节能的设计使机器人能够在危险区域进行搜索和救援行动。该团队还指出，新设计也可以很容易地应用于医学领域)”可知，第五段主要介绍了机器人翅膀的潜力。故选A。
【31题详解】
根据最后一段“While the rbtic wings currently rely n external magnetic fields t change shape, the team is ptimistic abut integrating man-made magnetic field generatrs int future upgrades f the technlgy. “We plan t explre what changes t magnetic fields can enable mre cmplex mvements and cntrl,” explained Muhammad Bilal Khan, anther lead authr.(尽管目前这种机器翅膀依靠外部磁场改变形状，研究团队对将人造磁场发生器整合进该技术的未来升级持乐观态度。另一位首席作者穆罕默德·比拉尔·汗解释道：“我们计划探索磁场的何种调整可以实现更复杂的运动和控制”)可推知，这种机器翅膀未来有望在可控磁场中运作。故选C项。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inspired by butterfly wings, a team f German researchers have develped a new kind f rbtic wings that can wrk using nly magnetic fields (磁场). (受蝴蝶翅膀的启发，一组德国研究人员开发了一种新型的机器人翅膀，只需使用磁场即可工作)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了受蝴蝶翅膀启发，德国研究人员开发出了一种仅靠磁场就能工作的新型机器人翅膀，所以“Rbtics Taking Wings Thanks t Butterflies (得益于蝴蝶，机器人展翅高飞)”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
9.（2026·广东广州·一模）
Sund travels as vibratins (振动) thrugh the air. Cnventinal micrphnes functin by picking up these vibratins. Scientists wndered if they culd make micrphnes that see thse vibratins rather than hear them. Nw researchers in China have built such a device.
Led by physicist Ya Xuri frm Beijing Institute f Technlgy, the team has built a device that phtgraphs the tiny, imperceptible vibratins that sund waves generate n bjects. Accrding t Ya, “This technique enables sund detectin using everyday items under natural lighting.”
This is hardly the first attempt t make a micrphne that wrks with light. Alexander Graham Bell built ne back in 1880. He called it a phtphne. It perated by using sund waves t defrm a mirrr, causing reflected light t flash alng with the sund. These flashes were then changed back int sund. Mdern attempts have been trying t cpy this, using high-speed cameras r precise lasers (激光), but such systems are ften cmplex and cstly.
The Chinese team has adpted an alternative apprach: single-pixel (单像素) imaging. “Unlike rdinary cameras which rely n millins f sensrs, single-pixel imaging uses just ne,” Ya nted. It scans a scene t cllect visual data, which is then prcessed by cmputers t recnstruct an image. Thrugh this technique, Ya’s team detected hw sund waves had shaken a paper card r leaf. A cmputer then decded the data int audible sund.
The device successfully captured spken numbers in bth Chinese and English and decded an excerpt frm Beethven’s Für Elise. “This methd creates a relatively small amunt f data, making it easy t stre r uplad,” Ya nted. The team is refining the device’s capacity t detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a develpment that culd enable nn-cntact patient mnitring in medical settings.
Currently, the technlgy nly wrks frm abut half a meter away, and detecting sund in nisy envirnments remains a key challenge. That will take mre advanced technlgy and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might nt just listen t the wrld arund us — we might watch it speak.
33. The underlined wrd “imperceptible” in paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. inaudibleB. inaccessibleC. unpredictableD. unnticeable
34. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Research backgrund.B. Study design.C. Technical appraches.D. Key challenges.
35. Hw des the single-pixel imaging device differ frm rdinary cameras?
A. It wrks at a super high speed.B. It prcesses data with a cmputer.
C. It uses precise lasers t scan scenes.D. It cllects data with nly ne sensr.
36. What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f the technlgy?
A. Expectant.B. Dubtful.C. Cncerned.D. Uncertain.
【答案】33. D 34. A 35. D 36. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国团队研发的单像素成像拾音设备，通过“看见”声波振动实现收音，具有潜在医疗应用前景并面临现存挑战。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“the team has built a device that phtgraphs the tiny, imperceptible vibratins that sund waves generate n bjects.(该团队制造了一种设备，可以拍摄声波在物体上产生的微小、imperceptible振动)”可知，这种振动非常微小，是人们难以察觉的，因此“imperceptible”意为“不明显的、难以察觉的”。故选D项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“This is hardly the first attempt t make a micrphne that wrks with light. Alexander Graham Bell built ne back in 1880.He called it a phtphne. It perated by using sund waves t defrm a mirrr, causing reflected light t flash alng with the sund. These flashes were then changed back int sund. Mdern attempts have been trying t cpy this, using high-speed cameras r precise lasers (激光),but such systems are ften cmplex and cstly. (这并不是第一次尝试制造用光工作的麦克风。亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔早在1880年就制造了一个，他称之为光电话。它利用声波使反射镜变形，使反射光随声音一起闪烁，然后这些闪烁被转换回声音。现代的尝试一直在模仿这一技术，使用高速相机或精确的激光，但这样的系统通常复杂且昂贵)”可知，本段主要介绍了相关研究的背景。故选A项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike rdinary cameras which rely n millins f sensrs, single-pixel imaging uses just ne(与依赖数百万个传感器的普通相机不同，单像素成像只使用一个传感器)”可知，单像素成像设备与普通相机的区别在于它只用一个传感器收集数据。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But if they succeed, we might nt just listen t the wrld arund us — we might watch it speak.(但如果他们成功了，我们可能不仅能倾听周围的世界，还能“看见”它说话)”可知，作者对这项技术的未来充满期待。故选A项。
10.（2026·江西南昌·一模）
Arabidpsis thaliana (拟南芥), a small thin weed f the mustard family, never seemed likely t gain scientific fame. Yet this cmmn plant has greatly changed frm an ignred weed t a bilgical superstar due t scientists’ fresight, cntinuus explratin and jint effrts.
Arabidpsis’ jurney began with yung geneticist Gerge Rédei. At first, Rédei’s research n this weed was widely dubted because many thught nly valuable crps r decrative plants were wrth studying. But he carried its seeds all the time and later cntinued research in the US. Inspired by German btanist Friedrich Laibach, he saw its value as a mdel rganism, similar t fruit flies in genetics. Cmpared with crn and wheat, Arabidpsis has clear advantages: small size, shrt grwth cycle, many seeds, but what sets it apart frm ther experimental plants is its nly five pairs f chrmsmes (染色体), making gene lcatin much easier.
In the 1980s, yung scientists like Chris Smerville and Ellit Meyerwitz als nticed its ptential. They prved its value thrugh experiments, finding its small genme with little repeated DNA made gene discvery easier. In 2000, a glbal team finished its research and published the result in Nature, which prvided a slid base fr future studies.
Tday, researches n Arabidpsis have prvided imprtant supprt fr crp utput expansin, eclgical system management and climate change reductin. Fr instance, the genes identified in Arabidpsis have helped scientists understand the fruit develpment mechanism f tmates and imprve the stress resistance f rice.
Beynd plant science, Arabidpsis has als brught new insights t human health research. Ntably, abut 70% f human cancer-related genes and genes related t neurlgical diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinsn’s all exist in this plant.
Arabidpsis is nt withut limitatins. Its simple structure, while useful fr genetic research, cannt fully represent the cmplexity f crps like wheat r crn. Hwever, even with these cncerns, this nce-ignred weed has already prved that great scientific value can lie in the mst unexpected places, and it cntinues t inspire researchers t explre the mysteries f life.
37. What is special abut Arabidpsis as a mdel rganism?
A. Its abundant seeds.B. Its brief life perid.
C. Its few chrmsmes.D. Its unique uter shape.
38. What can be inferred abut the Arabidpsis research?
A. It cast new light n medical studies.B. It priritized traditinal mdel rganisms.
C. It gained supprt frm mst geneticists.D. It targeted majr management prblems.
39. What is the functin f the last paragraph?
A. T prve the cmplexity f Arabidpsis.B. T stress the limitatins f Arabidpsis.
C. T restate the imprtance f Arabidpsis.D. T underline the structure f Arabidpsis.
40. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Applicatins f Arabidpsis Studies
B. The Link between Arabidpsis and Humans
C. The Discvery f Small Genme in Arabidpsis
D. The Curse f Arabidpsis frm Weed t Treasure
【答案】37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cmpared with crn and wheat, Arabidpsis has clear advantages: small size, shrt grwth cycle, many seeds, but what sets it apart frm ther experimental plants is its nly five pairs f chrmsmes (染色体), making gene lcatin much easier.(与玉米和小麦相比，拟南芥具有明显优势：植株小、生长周期短、种子数量多，而让它区别于其他实验植物的特点在于它仅有五对染色体，这使得基因定位更为简便。)”可知，拟南芥作为模式生物的特别之处是染色体数量少。故选C项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Beynd plant science, Arabidpsis has als brught new insights t human health research.(除植物科学外，拟南芥也为人类健康研究带来了新的见解。)”可知，该研究为医学研究提供了新的思路。故选A项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, even with these cncerns, this nce-ignred weed has already prved that great scientific value can lie in the mst unexpected places, and it cntinues t inspire researchers t explre the mysteries f life.(然而，即便存在这些顾虑，这种曾被忽视的杂草已然证明：巨大的科学价值可能蕴藏在最意想不到的地方，并且它仍在激励着研究者们探索生命的奥秘。)”可知，最后一段是为了重申拟南芥的重要性。故选C项。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet this cmmn plant has greatly changed frm an ignred weed t a bilgical superstar due t scientists’ fresight, cntinuus explratin and jint effrts.(然而，得益于科学家们的远见卓识、不断探索与通力合作，这种常见植物已从一种无人问津的杂草，摇身一变成为了生物界的明星。)”及全文内容可知，文章介绍拟南芥从无人关注的杂草成为科研模式植物，其研究推动农业发展，并为人类健康与医学研究提供重要启示，所以“拟南芥：从杂草到瑰宝的蜕变之路”符合文意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
11.（2026·辽宁·一模）
In 2025, a survey by the Glbal Tech Educatin Institute fund ver 5.2 millin high schl students wrldwide used wearable smart learning devices, with 69% f senir three users saying they helped make full use f fragmented (碎片化的) time. Hwever, early versins had bvius drawbacks: a 2025 reprt frm Suth Krea’s Educatin Ministry shwed 65% f teachers wrried simple wearable devices nly prvided infrmatin withut guiding effective learning. T slve the prblem, upgraded wearable tls tailred fr senir three students have appeared. “Wearable tech shuld fit the tight study schedule f senir three students, helping them learn efficiently instead f just displaying infrmatin,” said Dr. Kim Jae-h, a tech researcher at Seul Natinal University.
A recent study in the Jurnal f Educatinal Technlgy fund that upgraded wearable devices helped senir three students imprve their English wrd memrizatin, time management, and reduce study anxiety. Accrding t Dr. Emma Wilsn frm the University f Cambridge, the devices nly significantly bst learning utcmes fr thse wh use them actively and prperly, nt fr passive users. This crrects the misunderstanding that wearables can imprve grades withut active effrt.
The key strength f these upgraded devices is their “persnalized guidance + fragmented learning” design. They recrd learning habits, push targeted review materials during breaks, and send reminders t avid lng-time study fatigue. A survey f 1,200Chinese senir three students fund 81% benefited frm the persnalized push functin.
Schls and tech cmpanies are still imprving the devices t better fit senir three students’ needs; nly 38% f market prducts can fully match the cllege entrance exam review rhythm (TechCrunch 2026). These wearable tls will nt replace teachers but will becme useful helpers in daily study. Fr senir three students, the value f such tech lies in helping them arrange time scientifically and imprve learning efficiency — smething crucial fr their final review and exam preparatin.
41. What was the main drawback f early wearable smart learning devices?
A. They were t cmplex fr senir three students t perate.
B. They mainly fcused n infrmatin withut ffering effective guidance.
C. They disturbed students in class and reduced learning efficiency.
D. They failed t prvide enugh materials fr exam review.
42. Which best describes Dr. Kim Jae-h’s attitude?
A. Critical and dubtful.B. Wrried and anxius.
C. Uncncerned and casual.D. Objective and supprtive.
43. What can we infer abut the study led by Dr. Emma Wilsn frm Paragraph 2?
A. Active users benefit far mre frm the upgraded devices.
B. Passive use can greatly imprve students’ learning utcmes.
C. All users achieve bvius prgress with the devices.
D. Technlgy decides students’ final learning results.
44. What can we learn frm the text?
A Early wearable devices have disappeared frm the market.
B. Mst prducts suit the cllege entrance review rhythm perfectly.
C. Upgraded wearables help with efficient and persnalized learning.
D. Wearable devices will cmpletely replace teachers in class.
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍升级后的可穿戴智能学习设备对高三学生学习效率的提升作用与使用建议，旨在考查学生细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳能力。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, early versins had bvius drawbacks: a 2025 reprt frm Suth Krea’s Educatin Ministry shwed 65% f teachers wrried simple wearable devices nly prvided infrmatin withut guiding effective learning.(然而，早期版本存在明显的缺陷：韩国教育部2025年的一份报告指出，65%的教师担心简单的可穿戴设备只是提供信息，而无法指导有效的学习)”可知，早期可穿戴式智能学习设备的主要缺陷是它们主要侧重于提供信息，却未能提供有效的指导。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““Wearable tech shuld fit the tight study schedule f senir three students, helping them learn efficiently instead f just displaying infrmatin,” said Dr. Kim Jae-h, a tech researcher at Seul Natinal University.( 首尔国立大学的科技研究员金在浩博士表示：“可穿戴技术应当符合高三学生紧张的学习安排，帮助他们高效学习，而非仅仅用于展示信息。”)”可知，Kim Jae-h博士认为可穿戴技术应贴合高三学习、帮助学生高效学习，态度客观且支持。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Accrding t Dr. Emma Wilsn frm the University f Cambridge, the devices nly significantly bst learning utcmes fr thse wh use them actively and prperly, nt fr passive users. This crrects the misunderstanding that wearables can imprve grades withut active effrt.(剑桥大学的艾玛·威尔逊博士表示，这些设备只有在被积极且正确地使用时，才能显著提高学习效果，而对于那些只是被动使用的人来说，效果则不然。这纠正了那种认为穿戴设备无需付出努力就能提高成绩的错误观念)”可知，Emma Wilsn博士指出，设备仅对“主动、正确使用”的学生有显著提升效果。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The key strength f these upgraded devices is their “persnalized guidance + fragmented learning” design. They recrd learning habits, push targeted review materials during breaks, and send reminders t avid lng-time study fatigue.(这些升级版设备的关键优势在于其“个性化指导 + 分散式学习”的设计。它们能够记录学习习惯，在休息期间推送有针对性的复习资料，并发送提醒以避免长时间的学习疲劳)”可知，升级版可穿戴设备有助于实现高效且个性化的学习。故选C。
12.（2026·安徽·一模）
Under the autumn sky f Tuhula Xinjiang, glden rice stalks sway gently. Ayinigeer Tuheti, a 28-year-ld cmputer science graduate, wanders thrugh the fields, checking the ripening crp. Her digital skills are bridging the divide between her family’s traditinal rice business and the mdern age.
In 2020, Ayinigeer returned hme t assist her father — wh’d built a 1994 rice prcessing plant but his health weakened and struggled with business cmmunicatins. She fund the family’s wrk stuck in the backward reality: the ledger bk, handwritten recrds, and carbn paper. She reslved t transfrm the business.
First, she turned their small farmer cperative int a cmpany. Expliting her cmputer backgrund, she autmated invicing, inventry, and rder prcessing, shifting all wrk t electrnic systems. T secure high-quality rice, she partnered with ver 120 husehlds, wh transferred the management rights f their land t her cmpany. Her cmpany prvided seeds and training, bught harvests abve market prices, and shared prfits-bsting farmers’ incmes while ensuring premium raw materials.
In 2023, she tried livestreaming n electrnic sales platfrm. With a smartphne, she presented viewers with lcal rice fields, prcessing plants, and family meals with their lcal prducts. The initial phase was tugh, but lcal gvernments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity wn audience: daily rders grew frm 12 t hundreds. Nw, Frm March t September this year, they had 180,000 rders thrugh livestreaming, with 7,000 n a single day-that’s nearly 35 tns f rice mving directly frm their fields t husehlds acrss China.
The numbers tell the resulting. In early 2024, influencers frm acrss China were reaching ut t us, she said. “They wanted t partner with us because ur prduct had prven appealing.”
The phenmenal success f Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, hwever, stems nt just frm technlgy, but Tuhula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich sil, and Tianshan snwmelt water make it sweet and armatic. Lcal farming is 98% mechanized, and a 1998 seed base (investing 1 millin yuan yearly) develps high-quality varieties-including the seeds Ayinigeer uses.
45. What did Ayinigeer d first t imprve the family business?
A. She started livestreaming n Duyin.
B. She mdernized the peratin system.
C. She partnered with ver 120 lcal husehlds.
D. She inspected crps persnally.
46. Why culd Ayinigeer’s sales mdel attract viewers?
A. She ffered very lw rice prices.
B. She used prfessinal bradcasting equipment.
C. She presented authentic rice prductin scenes.
D. She accumulated many fllwers befre livestreaming.
47. What can we infer abut Tuhula’s rice?
A. It is ppular all ver the wrld.
B. Lcal natural cnditins cntributed t its ppularity.
C. It is nly sld in suthern Xinjiang.
D. Its prductin cst is much lwer than average.
48. Which is the mst apprpriate title?
A. Digital Skills Revive Hmetwn RiceB. Livestreaming Makes Rice Famus
C. Graduate Succeeds in Rice BusinessD. Quality Rice Bsts Agriculture
【答案】45. B 46. C 47. B 48. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新疆托乎拉地区毕业生Ayinigeer用数字技术振兴家乡稻米产业的故事。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“First, she turned their small farmer cperative int a cmpany. Expliting her cmputer backgrund, she autmated invicing, inventry, and rder prcessing, shifting all wrk t electrnic systems. (首先，她将小型农民合作社转变为公司。利用计算机背景，她实现了发票、库存和订单处理的自动化，将所有工作转移到电子系统。)”可知，她首先做的是“使运营系统现代化”。故选B项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“With a smartphne, she presented viewers with lcal rice fields, prcessing plants, and family meals with their lcal prducts. The initial phase was tugh, but lcal gvernments trained her in livestreaming skills. Their authenticity wn audience: daily rders grew frm 12 t hundreds. (她用智能手机向观众展示了当地的稻田、加工厂，以及用当地产品烹制的家庭大餐。最初的阶段很艰难，但当地政府培训了她的直播技能。他们的真实性赢得了观众：每天的订单从12个增加到数百个。)”可知，吸引观众的原因是“呈现真实的稻米生产场景”。故选C项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The phenmenal success f Ayinigeer’s livestreaming, hwever, stems nt just frm technlgy, but Tuhula’s rice quality: Wensu’s temperature swings, selenium-rich sil, and Tianshan snwmelt water make it sweet and armatic. (然而，Ayinigeer直播的巨大成功不仅源于技术，还源于拓乌拉的稻米品质：温宿的温差、富硒土壤和天山融雪水使其香甜可口。)”可推断，当地自然条件促成了稻米的受欢迎。故选B项。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。文章核心是Ayinigeer运用数字技能 (自动化系统、直播销售) 让传统稻米产业焕发新生，A项“Digital Skills Revive Hmetwn Rice (数字技能振兴家乡稻米)”准确概括了技术与产业复苏的关系，最符合主旨。故选A项。
13.（2026·湖南怀化·一模）
Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key t reducing urban air pllutin and reliance n fssil fuels. Gvernments, such as the UK, have annunced plans t ban new petrl and diesel car sales frm 2030, signaling strng plicy supprt fr a cleaner transprt future. Yet, the path t a fully electric sciety is far frm straightfrward, with several challenges yet t be vercme.
Tw majr practical difficulties stand in the way. First, EVs currently suffer frm limited battery ranges cmpared t cnventinal vehicles, which can travel lnger distances n a full tank f fuel. Secnd, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdevelped, with charging pints still insufficient in mst regins. These factrs cntribute t “range anxiety” amng ptential buyers, slwing the shift t electric transprt.
On the technlgical frnt, slid-state batteries are viewed as a prmising breakthrugh. Thugh currently used mainly in cnsumer electrnics like smartphnes, they are expected t enter the car market in the cming years, ffering quicker charging times and an extended driving range. This culd significantly enhance the appeal f EVs t the general public.
Ecnmically, high initial csts cntinue t be a barrier. Hwever, sme cuntries have intrduced plicy supprts, such as tax reductins, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes fr EVs, helping t bst adptin rates. Nrway serves as a leading example, with the highest number f electric cars per persn glbally.
Nevertheless, experts like Clin Herrn cautin that EVs alne d nt equal a zer-carbn future. Their envirnmental impact depends heavily n hw the electricity used t charge them is generated. If the pwer cmes mainly frm fssil fuels, the verall emissin reductin is limited. In additin, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbn ftprint. Therefre, a truly sustainable transprt system may require nt nly cleaner cars, but als greater use f public transprt and a scietal mve tward fewer and shrter private vehicle trips.
49. What challenges d EVs mainly face?
A. High csts and lw ppularity.
B. Tech delays and unstable pwer.
C. Limited battery life and safety issues.
D. Limited ranges and insufficient charging pints.
50. Hw d sme gvernments prmte EV adptin?
A. By raising taxes n petrl cars sharply.
B. By ffering tax cuts, subsidies and special lanes.
C. By increasing the number f city parking spaces.
D. By enhancing the quality f public transprt services.
51. What des Clin Herrn’s warning imply?
A. EV benefits rely n clean electricity surces.
B. EVs cannt becme truly green in the future.
C. Deadlines fr banning fuel cars are nt wise.
D. Battery technlgy is the key t green transprt.
52. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T intrduce the latest EV mdels t readers.
B. T call fr investment in charging facilities.
C. T discuss bth the future and prblems f EVs.
D. T blame car makers fr high prductin csts.
【答案】49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。电动汽车被视为减少污染和依赖化石燃料的关键，但面临续航、充电设施等挑战，同时其环保性依赖清洁电力，需结合公共交通实现可持续发展。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“First, EVs currently suffer frm limited battery ranges cmpared t cnventinal vehicles, which can travel lnger distances n a full tank f fuel. Secnd, charging infrastructure (基础设施) remains underdevelped, with charging pints still insufficient in mst regins. (首先，与传统汽车相比，电动汽车目前续航里程有限，传统汽车加满油后能行驶更长距离。其次，充电基础设施仍不完善，大多数地区的充电桩数量依然不足)”可知，电动汽车主要面临续航有限、充电桩不足的挑战。故选D项。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Hwever, sme cuntries have intrduced plicy supprts, such as tax reductins, purchase subsidies (补贴), and dedicated traffic lanes fr EVs, helping t bst adptin rates.(然而，一些国家已经出台了政策支持，例如减税、购车补贴以及电动汽车专用车道，这有助于提高其普及率)”可知，部分政府通过减税、补贴和专用车道推广电动汽车。故选B项。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Nevertheless, experts like Clin Herrn cautin that EVs alne d nt equal a zer-carbn future. Their envirnmental impact depends heavily n hw the electricity used t charge them is generated. If the pwer cmes mainly frm fssil fuels, the verall emissin reductin is limited. In additin, manufacturing EVs — especially their batteries — carries a substantial carbn ftprint. (然而，像Clin Herrn这样的专家提醒道，仅靠电动汽车并不等于实现零碳未来。它们对环境的影响很大程度上取决于充电电力的来源。如果电力主要来自化石燃料，整体减排效果就有限。此外，电动汽车的生产 —— 尤其是电池 —— 会产生巨大的碳足迹)”可知，Clin Herrn的警告暗示电动汽车的环保效益依赖清洁电力来源。故选A项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly seen as a key t reducing urban air pllutin and reliance n fssil fuels. Gvernments, such as the UK, have annunced plans t ban new petrl and diesel car sales frm 2030, signaling strng plicy supprt fr a cleaner transprt future. Yet, the path t a fully electric sciety is far frm straightfrward, with several challenges yet t be vercme.(电动汽车正日益被视为减少城市空气污染、降低对化石燃料依赖的关键。包括英国在内的多国政府已宣布计划从2030年起禁止销售新的汽油和柴油车，这标志着对更清洁交通未来的有力政策支持。然而，实现全面电动化的道路绝非一帆风顺，仍有若干挑战亟待克服)”及全文内容可知，本文旨在讨论电动汽车的发展前景与现存问题。故选C项。
14.（2026·内蒙古·一模）
Laser (激光) technlgy is set t revlutinize space cmmunicatin, ptentially allwing peple t have vide chats with family and friends while n lng space trips: SpaceX, a leading player in the space industry, is pineering laser-based cmmunicatin technlgy fr satellites. Last Octber, US startup Mun Space tk up SpaceX’s ffer, aiming t use the technlgy t establish a high-speed satellite cnnectin, as reprted by tech magazine PCMag.
Laser-based cmmunicatin is widely regarded as the future f space cmmunicatin. Accrding t NASA, the term “laser” stands fr light amplificatin by stimulated emissin f radiatin. In a laser beam, light waves are aligned in peaks, making the beam narrw and bright — ideal fr maintaining fcus ver lng distances.
Traditinally satellites rely n radi waves fr sending and receiving infrmatin. Bth laser and radi waves travel at the speed f light, but lasers can carry far mre data. Fr instance, NASA ntes that dwnlading a tw-hur HD mvie with lasers takes just eight minutes, cmpared t ver 26 days with radi waves.
Lasers als ffer enhanced security due t their thin beams, which leave smaller “ftprints” This reduces the chance f signals being intercepted r disrupted by thers, as stated in the natinal magazine. Additinally, laser equipment is lightweight and cnsumes less pwer, freeing up mre space n spacecraft fr scientific tls.
Hwever, the narrw laser beam presents a significant challenge: lasers are typically targeted at satellites 500 kilmeters abve Earth, which mve thusands f kilmeters per hur. Mrever, cluds and fg can interfere with laser signals, thugh mre grund statins in adverse (恶劣的) weather areas can mitigate this issue.
While laser cmmunicatin technlgy has nt yet been widely adpted, its market is expanding rapidly. Frtune Business Insights predicts the market culd reach 29.52 billin (abut 210.19 billin yuan) by 2032. Sme experts even suggest that as the technlgy matures, it may gradually supplement radi wave cmmunicatin in mst space missins by 2040.
53. Which f the fllwing best explains the wrking feature f a laser beam that benefits lng-distance space cmmunicatin?
A. Light waves in it travel at a speed faster than radi waves.
B. Its light waves are aligned in peaks, making it narrw and bright.
C. It can carry mre data than radi waves due t its larger ftprint.
D. It cnsumes less pwer, which ensures stable transmissin ver distance.
54. What des the underlined wrd “intercepted” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A. Blcked.B. Occupied.C. Prvided.D. Strengthened.
55. Which measure is mentined t address the prblem f laser signal disruptin by bad weather?
A. Increasing the pwer f laser equipment n spacecraft.
B. Building mre grund statins in areas with pr weather.
C. Adjusting the wavelength f laser beams t avid interference.
D. Using heavier but mre stable laser devices fr cmmunicatin.
56. What des the passage imply abut the future f laser-based cmmunicatin?
A. Its market grwth will slw dwn as the technlgy matures.
B. It will cmpletely replace radi wave cmmunicatin by 2040.
C. It will play an increasingly imprtant rle in space cmmunicatin.
D. It will nly be used in a few space missins due t technical limits.
【答案】53. B 54. A 55. B 56. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍激光技术即将彻底改变太空通信，SpaceX等公司正在积极推进相关应用。激光技术凭借其独特优势，如数据承载量大、安全性高、设备轻便等，被视为太空通信的未来发展方向，但也面临卫星移动和天气干扰等挑战。尽管尚未广泛应用，其市场正快速扩张。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In a laser beam, light waves are aligned in peaks, making the beam narrw and bright — ideal fr maintaining fcus ver lng distances (在激光束中，光波以波峰排列，使得光束狭窄且明亮——这非常适合在长距离上保持聚焦).”可知，激光束有利于长距离太空通信的工作特性是光波呈波峰排列，使其狭窄且明亮，故选B项。
【54题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“Lasers als ffer enhanced security due t their thin beams, which leave smaller “ftprints”. This reduces the chance f signals being intercepted r disrupted by thers (由于激光束很细，留下的‘覆盖范围’更小，因此激光还具有更高的安全性。这减少了信号被他人intercepted或干扰的机会)”可知，“intercepted”与“disrupted（干扰）”并列，且从增强安全性角度，应是减少信号被阻断的机会，与“Blcked（阻断）”意思相近，故选A项。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Mrever, cluds and fg can interfere with laser signals, thugh mre grund statins in adverse(恶劣的) weather areas can mitigate this issue. (此外，云雾会干扰激光信号，不过在恶劣天气地区建立更多地面站可以缓解这个问题).”可知，针对恶劣天气对激光信号的干扰，文中提到的解决措施是在恶劣天气地区建立更多地面站，故选B项。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“While laser cmmunicatin technlgy has nt yet been widely adpted, its market is expanding rapidly. Frtune Business Insights predicts the market culd reach 29.52 billin (abut 210.19 billin yuan) by 2032. Sme experts even suggest that as the technlgy matures, it may gradually supplement radi wave cmmunicatin in mst space missins by 2040 (虽然激光通信技术尚未被广泛采用，但其市场正在迅速扩张。《财富商业洞察》预测，到2032年，该市场规模可能达到295.2亿美元（约合2101.9亿元人民币）。一些专家甚至认为，随着技术的成熟，到2040年，它可能会在大多数太空任务中逐渐补充无线电波通信).”可知，激光通信技术市场迅速扩张，到2032年市场规模可观，且随着技术成熟，到2040年可能在大多数太空任务中逐渐补充无线电波通信，这意味着它将在太空通信中发挥越来越重要的作用，故选C项。
15.（2026·甘肃兰州·一模）
Despite the severe cld f winter, smart greenhuses in the city f Dingxi in Nrthwest China’s Gansu prvince are being used fr year-rund agricultural cultivatin, prducing fresh fruits and vegetables. In recent years, the city has embraced smart farming and mved beynd traditinal weather-dependent practices. The city has 14 intensive smart seedling bases, alng with 1,265 standardized greenhuses and steel-framed sheds equipped with Internet f Things (IT) devices. Integrated water and fertilizer systems, alng with 5G-enabled envirnmental cntrl technlgy, prvide precise, real-time mnitring f temperature, light, water and nutrients t enhance crp grwth.
Gansu has been implementing (落实) the call made at the 2025 central rural wrk cnference fr research and breakthrughs in cre agricultural technlgies in key fields. In the vast Hexi Crridr, winter-fallw fields have taken n new value thrugh the cultivatin f innvative agricultural prducts. Sun Wancang, a prfessr at Gansu Agricultural University, has develped a super cld-resistant winter rapeseed (油菜) variety capable f withstanding temperatures as lw as -32℃. At experimental bases in cities like Wuwei and Jiuquan, winter rapeseed is bsting grain and il prductin while curbing dust strm surces, delivering bth ecnmic and eclgical benefits.
In Gansu’s Linxia Hui autnmus prefecture, a 200,000-square-meter rse “super factry” is als shwcasing the pwer f technlgy. The agriculture park, which began peratin in 2022, integrates advanced technlgies such as digital cntrl, silless cultivatin and pst-harvest pre-cling fr fresh-cut flwers, ensuring rses blm year-rund.
The rapid develpment f new quality prductive frces in agriculture is supprted by plicies and prject funding. During China’s 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), Gansu increased investment in agricultural science and technlgy, implementing seed industry breakthrughs an technlgical supprt prjects. Backed by fur years f central and prvincial financial supprt ttaling 250 millin yuan, these initiatives are prviding strng mmentum (动力) fr breakthrughs in agricultural technlgy.
57. What is the main use f the IT devices described in the first paragraph?
A. T help build a larger number f new greenhuses.
B T grw crps like ptates in a fully autmatic way.
C. T check and adjust cnditins fr plants in real time.
D. T run farms cmpletely withut the need fr human wrkers.
58. What des the underlined wrd “curbing” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Reducing.B. Frming.C. Identifying.D. Strengthening.
59. What supprts Gansu’s new quality prductive frces in agriculture?
A. Research achievements f agricultural experts and institutes.
B. Prmtin f smart greenhuses in Gansu’s urban and rural areas.
C. Farming f innvative agricultural prducts in the vast Hexi Crridr.
D. Plicies and financial investment in agricultural science and technlgy.
60. Hw des the passage illustrate the impact f smart agriculture?
A. By listing typical cases and practical achievements in Gansu.
B. By quting experts’ pinins and research data frm institutes.
C. By explaining the wrking principles f smart farming technlgies.
D. By cmparing traditinal farming with mdern agricultural technlgies.
【答案】57. C 58. A 59. D 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了甘肃在农业领域运用智能技术，发展新质生产力，实现农业提质增效的情况。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Integrated water and fertilizer systems, alng with 5G-enabled envirnmental cntrl technlgy, prvide precise, real-time mnitring f temperature, light, water and nutrients t enhance crp grwth. (水肥一体化系统以及5G环境控制技术，对温度、光照、水分和养分进行精准、实时监测，以促进作物生长。)”可知，物联网设备的主要用途是实时监测并调节植物生长条件。故选C。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“At experimental bases in cities like Wuwei and Jiuquan, winter rapeseed is bsting grain and il prductin while curbing dust strm surces, delivering bth ecnmic and eclgical benefits. (在武威、酒泉等城市的试验基地，冬油菜在提高粮油产量的同时，也在curbing沙尘暴源头，实现了经济效益和生态效益的双丰收。)”可知，冬油菜带来生态效益，结合常识可推知其能“减少”沙尘暴源头，curbing意为“减少”。故选A。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The rapid develpment f new quality prductive frces in agriculture is supprted by plicies and prject funding. (农业新质生产力的快速发展得到了政策和项目资金的支持。)”可知，甘肃农业新质生产力的发展得益于农业科技方面的政策和资金投入。故选D。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容，第一段介绍定西智能温室，第二段介绍河西走廊冬油菜种植，第三段介绍临夏玫瑰“超级工厂”，均通过列举甘肃的典型案例和实际成果来说明智能农业的影响。故选A。
命题预测
分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，说明文始终是压轴核心题材，着重考查考生对语篇的逻辑理解、信息筛选整合及高阶思维能力，是拉开分数差距的关键题型。语篇素材主要选自2026年各地市高考模拟题，题材聚焦科技创新发明、人工智能应用、生态环境保护、医疗健康研究、农业科技发展、社会科学探索、前沿技术突破等领域，兼具时代性、科学性、逻辑性，文章理论性较强，生词量适中，句式结构复杂（含长难句、复合句、专业术语句）。
从命题类型来看，六大题型均有涉及，且加大对概括能力、推理判断能力、逻辑分析能力的高阶思维考查，细节理解题虽占比不低，但多需结合语境深度解读，而非简单定位。结合近年考情，2026 年高考说明文仍将是 C、D 篇的核心考查题材，命题将更注重语篇逻辑与实际应用的结合，突出对考生信息处理能力的考查。
高频考法
推理判断题
标题归纳题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
写作意图题