2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)猜押专题09阅读理解之说明文(按话题分类)(原卷版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)猜押专题09阅读理解之说明文(按话题分类)(原卷版+解析)，共19页。试卷主要包含了高考阅读理解说明文总纲领，核心命题变化，语篇核心特征，2026 高频猜押话题，通用解题逻辑，备考启示等内容，欢迎下载使用。

本命题依据 2026 新课程标准与高考命题新要求，是高考阅读 C 篇核心题型，命题完全源自权威科普 + 前沿科技 + 社会现象 + 生态环保， 选自外刊、权威媒体、科研简报等正规信息源。核心考信息定位 + 逻辑理解 + 细节比对，长难句偏多，掌握结构规律与命题套路可稳拿高分、少丢分。
2023–2025 年高考阅读理解说明文对比表
一、高考阅读理解说明文总纲领
核心定位：高考阅读 C 篇，高分题、重逻辑、结构为王（7–9 分钟 / 篇）。本质：信息阐释 + 逻辑论证 + 客观说明，不是文学阅读；目标是理清结构、读懂概念、精准比对、理性判断。
二、核心命题变化
① 体裁聚焦科普说明类，以科技新知、生态环保、社会研究、健康常识、文化现象、实验介绍为主，图表类说明文占比逐年提升；② 强化逻辑关系理解（因果、对比、例证、定义），长难句增多，侧重对概念、原理、数据、结论的准确解读；③ 话题紧扣时代热点：人工智能、碳中和、生物多样性、心理健康、新型材料、城市规划等，科学性、实用性极强；④ 解题从逐句翻译转为抓结构 + 找逻辑 + 核细节，强调对段落功能与文章脉络的把握；⑤ 题型以细节理解题（60%）+ 推理判断题（20%）+ 主旨大意题（10%）+ 词义猜测 / 指代题（10%） 为主，既考精准定位，也考逻辑推断。
三、语篇核心特征
结构逻辑（高考标准 “总 — 分 — 总” 结构）
① 引入段：提出说明对象（现象、问题、事物、研究），给出背景或中心观点；② 主体段：分层阐释 ——定义→原理→特点→实验 / 数据→优势 / 问题→应用 / 影响；③ 结尾段：总结观点、给出展望、提出建议或重申意义。常见段落逻辑：总分、因果、对比、例证、并列、递进。
语言特点
① 客观严谨，以陈述、解释、说明、论证为主，无强烈情感色彩；② 专业词汇增多，但多附带定义、解释、同位语，可通过语境破解；③ 篇幅范围：340–380 词，复合句、长难句集中，常含被动语态、非谓语、定语从句、状语从句；④ 价值导向：科学理性、关注社会、生态保护、科技创新、健康生活，凸显核心素养。
四、2026 高频猜押话题
科技创新：AI 应用、新型材料、航天科技、智能设备
生态环保：碳中和、生物多样性、污染治理、可持续发展
社会研究：身心健康、社交模式、教育创新、城市发展
自然科普：动植物习性、气候现象、地质原理
文化现象：传统技艺传承、跨文化交流、数字文化
五大题型专项突破
细节理解题（占比 60%+）
推理判断题（逻辑推断）
主旨大意 / 段落大意题
词义猜测 / 代词指代题
文章结构 / 段落功能题
五、通用解题逻辑
① 先速读首尾段 + 各段首句，确定说明对象与文章结构；② 圈画题干关键词（概念、数据、因果、对比、专有名词），回文定位；③ 识别逻辑信号词（because/hwever/therefre/fr example/while），理清句间关系；④ 细节题原文比对，推理题依逻辑推导，主旨题抓中心句；⑤ 排除偷换概念、绝对化、无中生有、过度推断、以偏概全干扰项。
六、备考启示
考场实用策略
先结构后细节，先首尾后中间快速搭建文章框架，再逐题定位，不盲目通读。
抓逻辑信号词hwever/therefre/because/while/similarly 直接决定句意与答案。
专业词不慌生词多有解释、同位语或上下文线索，不影响解题。
绝对词慎选nly/never/all/always/impssible 多为错误项。
忠于原文，理性推断说明文重客观，不加入主观情感与生活经验。
五大题型专项备考策略
细节题：定位原句→比对信息→排除偷换 / 错位
推理题：依因果 / 对比逻辑→合理推断→不过度延伸
主旨题：看首尾段 + 各段主旨句→概括说明对象 + 核心内容
词义 / 指代题：看上下文定义 / 解释 / 指代→代入验证
结构题：判断段落功能（引入 / 例证 / 对比 / 总结）→匹配选项
避坑策略
不被长难句吓住：拆分主谓宾，忽略修饰成分抓主干
不混淆概念：注意相似名词、近似表述的细微差别
不主观臆断：所有推断必须有原文逻辑支撑
不忽略数据与例证：例子、数据多为考点服务
不把局部当整体：避免以单一细节代替全文主旨
考点 1：细节理解题
做法步骤：
圈关键词：概念名词、数据、时间、研究人员、实验结果、逻辑词
回文定位：锁定对应段落与原句
精读原句：提取精准信息，注意范围、程度、条件限制
比对选项：排除偷换概念、扩大 / 缩小范围、信息错位
确定答案：与原文完全一致的选项
口诀：关键词定位，原句精读，细节比对，直选答案。
考点 2：推理判断题（逻辑推断）
做法步骤：
定位原文依据，抓因果 / 对比 / 条件逻辑
识别逻辑词：because, therefre, thus, hwever, if
合理推导：原因→结果，现象→本质，条件→结论
坚守原则：原文有依据，不主观，不绝对
排除过度推理、与原文矛盾、无依据选项
口诀：找逻辑，依原文，合理推，不脑补。
考点 3：主旨大意 / 段落大意题
做法步骤：
全文主旨：看首段引入 + 尾段总结
段落主旨：看段首主题句 + 段尾总结句
概括结构：说明对象 + 核心内容 / 特征 / 意义
排除只讲细节、范围过大 / 过小、无中心的选项
套用句型：The passage mainly talks paragraph fcuses n...
口诀：看首尾，抓主题，对象加核心，主旨不偏离。
考点 4：词义猜测 / 代词指代题
做法步骤：
定位生词 / 代词，看上下文线索：定义、举例、因果、转折、同义 / 反义
常见标志：that is, in ther wrds, such as, but, hwever, r
代词题：向前找最近的名词 / 名词短语
代入选项验证：通顺且符合逻辑为正确答案
排除字面意思、无关含义、情感偏向项
口诀：看语境，找线索，代进去，通得顺。
考点 5：文章结构 / 段落功能题
做法步骤：
看段落位置：首段引入，中段论证 / 例证，尾段总结 / 展望
判断功能：intrduce, explain, cmpare, give an example, cnclude, suggest
识别结构：总 — 分 — 总、问题 — 解决方案、现象 — 分析 — 结论
结合逻辑词，判断段落间关系
排除偏离结构、功能错位选项
口诀：看位置，辨功能，理逻辑，定结构。
Passage 1
河北衡水中学2025-26届高三年级检测（七）
The numerus bacteria that naturally inhabit the human bdy seem t help us in many ways. One grup is emerging as particularly beneficial: a type f gut (肠道) bacteria knwn as Blautia, which has made headlines recently because it seems t prduce sme really remarkable effects. Nw, a Chinese team is glimpsing anther ptential benefit f Blautia: helping peple adapt t high altitudes. Their findings suggest that prviding Blautia culd help muntaineers and thers perfrm better in these challenging envirnments.
Qing-Peng Kng, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, and his team recruited 45 men t mve frm their hmes at 250 meters abve sea level t a twn at abut 3,700 meters. Despite the thin air, the men ate similar fd as they had at hme, minimizing the effects f diet changes n their gut bacteria. After 2 days, Blautia went frm being rare t very abundant in their guts.
In the secnd experiment, the team expsed mice t cntrlled lw-xygen cnditins in the lab first and then simulated (模拟) an altitude f 4,000 meters, while giving Blautia t half f them every ther day. The Blautia-treated mice shwed milder respnse f altitude sickness. This pens the dr int whether altitude sickness might be amenable t treatment thrugh the gut.
The bacteria’s effect may als extend t the brain. “Its superpwer cmes frm the cnnectin between the gut and the brain,” says Klepac-Cerak at Wellesley Cllege. The fatty acids it makes are knwn t activate receptrs (神经末梢) n nerves that cnnect the digestive system, heart and brain. This culd help explain a surprising relatinship that Klepac-Cerak reprted last year: Kids are mre likely t talk and laugh when they have mre Blautia in their guts. “There’s lts f cmmunicatin happening between ur brain; we are just beginning t uncver what services bacteria d fr us.” Klepac-Cerak ntes.
Blautia’s apparent superpwers suggest t Kng it culd serve as a supplement (补充) that benefits peple regardless f whether they are planning a trip t Tibet. But first, Kng says, he wants t find ut whether Blautia is a “sl” player r has these prtective effects nly as part f a larger grup f bacteria.
8. What’s the newly-fund benefit f the study led by a Chinese team?
A. It gets public attentin.B. It helps peple d better at high altitudes.
C. It makes scial media angry.D. It intrduces an advanced new technlgy.
9. What d we knw abut the subjects (实验对象) in bth experiments?
A. They experienced lw-xygen cnditins.
B. They received Blautia in their diet.
C. They mved t high-altitude regins.
D. They suffered severe altitude sickness.
10. What des the underlined wrd “amenable” in Paragraph 3 mean?”.
A. CarelessB. Untreatable.C. UnchangeableD. Reactive.
11. Hw wuld bth Kng and Klepac-Cerak describe Blautia’s rle in human health?
A. duble-edged swrd.B. A sl player.
C. An extremely effective slutin.D. A partially-understd influence
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家团队对肠道细菌Blautia的研究，发现其可能帮助人们适应高海拔环境，并可能通过肠道与大脑的关联对健康产生积极影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Nw, a Chinese team is glimpsing anther ptential benefit f Blautia: helping peple adapt t high altitudes. Their findings suggest that prviding Blautia culd help muntaineers and thers perfrm better in these challenging envirnments.(现在，一个中国团队看到了Blautia的另一个潜在好处：帮助人们适应高海拔地区。他们的研究结果表明，提供Blautia可以帮助登山者和其他人在这些具有挑战性的环境中表现得更好。)”可知，Blautia有助于人们在高海拔环境中表现更好。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Qing-Peng Kng, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, and his team recruited 45 men t mve frm their hmes at 250 meters abve sea level t a twn at abut 3,700 meters.(中国科学院遗传学家Qing-Peng Kng和他的团队招募了45名男性，让他们从海拔250米的家中搬到海拔约3700米的城镇)”和第三段的句子“In the secnd experiment, the team expsed mice t cntrlled lw-xygen cnditins in the lab first and then simulated(模拟) an altitude f 4,000 meters, while giving Blautia t half f them every ther day.(在第二个实验中，研究小组首先将小鼠暴露在实验室控制的低氧条件下，然后模拟海拔4000米的环境，同时每隔一天给一半的小鼠喂食Blautia。)”可知，实验对象都经历了低氧条件。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词前面的“altitude sickness(高原反应)”和下文的“treatment thrugh the gut(通过肠道进行治疗)”可知，此处指的是“通过肠道治疗高原反应是否可行”，所以划线单词amenable的意义为“可用某种方式处理的”，与reactive“易反应的”意义相近。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“But first, Kng says, he wants t find ut whether Blautia is a ‘sl’ player r has these prtective effects nly as part f a larger grup f bacteria.(但首先，Kng说他想弄清楚Blautia是否是“独奏者”，还是作为更大细菌群体的一部分才具有这些保护作用)”和第四段的句子“There’s lts f cmmunicatin happening between ur brain; we are just beginning t uncver what services bacteria d fr us.(我们的大脑之间有很多交流；我们才刚刚开始发现细菌为我们做了什么。)”可知，Kng和Klepac-Cerak认为，Blautia的作用尚未完全被理解。故选D项。
Passage2
吉林省松原市实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三下学期学情调研
Fr many eclgists, mnitring individual animals ver lng perids f time is crucial t cnservatin effrts. But even the experts have difficulty differentiating ne bear frm anther.
T help wildlife bilgists make sense f it all, a team at Switzerland’s EPFL and Alaska Pacific University (APU) has develped PseSwin, an AI prgram capable f telling brwn bears apart frm ne anther. PseSwin was trained n ver 72,000 phts f 109 different brwn bears taken by APU researcher Beth Rsenberg, wh tk the images at all times f day and night and in varius weather cnditins, while als making sure t dcument the bears in a variety f behavirs. She and her team then determined the handful f details that remain relatively cnstant ver the animal’s life. These details include their brw bne angle, ear placement, and nse and muth shapes. They’re mre reliable than bdy shape alne, which changes dramatically with weight gain.
The team tk PseSwin fr a field test with help frm citizen scientists. After cllecting mre brwn bear phts frm visitrs t Katmai Natinal Park and Preserve, researchers fed the phts int the machine learning prgram. In multiple cases, PseSwin successfully matched individual bears t thse in its database. PseSwin’s designers culd track hw and where brwn bears mved fr seasnal fd. “This is a cncrete example f the mdel’s ptential,” said Rsenberg. “The technlgy culd eventually analyze thusands f pictures visitrs take yearly and help map hw brwn bears use this expansive area.”
Rsenberg and her team are nw using PseSwin t mnitr ver 100 bears living arund McNeil River State Game Sanctuary. Early tests have indicated it’s als incredibly accurate when trained n mnkeys. Anyne can access the machine learning algrithm (算法) fr their wn subject — althugh there’s a gd chance that nne f them will be harder fr PseSwin t identify. “Bears are perhaps the hardest species t recgnize individually,” said Mathis, Rsenberg’s partner. “We fcused n them first with the idea that ur prgram culd be adapted t ther species.”
32. What des PseSwin mainly depend n t identify individual bears?
A. Their facial features.B. Their fur clr and size.
C. Their weight and bdy shape.D. Their behaviral patterns.
33. What were the phts frm citizen scientists used t d?
A Train the AI prgram PseSwin.B. Recrd bears’lifelng changes.
C. Test the functin f PseSwin.D. Design a new learning algrithm.
34. What can be inferred abut PseSwin in the last paragraph?
A. It wn’t be available pen-surce.B. It wn’t remain s bear-centric.
C. It relies n high-quality phts.D. It is trained n the limited data.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. PseSwin: A Wildlife Tl fr Bear ResearchB. PseSwin: Analyzing Visitr Phts f Bears
C. PseSwin: Tracking Bear Seasnal MvementD. PseSwin: An AI Prgram fr Bear Identificatin
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为PseSwin的人工智能程序，该程序由瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院和阿拉斯加太平洋大学的研究团队开发，旨在帮助野生动物生物学家区分不同的棕熊个体。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“She and her team then determined the handful f details that remain relatively cnstant ver the animal’s life. These details include their brw bne angle, ear placement, and nse and muth shapes.(她和她的团队随后确定了在动物一生中相对保持不变的几个细节。这些细节包括它们的眉骨角度、耳朵位置以及鼻子和嘴巴的形状。)”可知，PseSwin主要依靠熊的面部特征来识别棕熊个体。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The team tk PseSwin fr a field test with help frm citizen scientists. After cllecting mre brwn bear phts frm visitrs t Katmai Natinal Park and Preserve, researchers fed the phts int the machine learning prgram. In multiple cases, PseSwin successfully matched individual bears t thse in its database.(研究小组在公民科学家帮助下对PseSwin进行了实地测试。研究人员从卡特迈国家公园和保护区的游客那里收集了更多棕熊的照片后，将这些照片输入到机器学习程序中。在多个案例中，PseSwin成功地将个体熊与数据库中的熊匹配起来。)”可知，来自公民科学家的照片是用来测试PseSwin的功能的。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段”“Bears are perhaps the hardest species t recgnize individually,” said Mathis, Rsenberg’s partner. “We fcused n them first with the idea that ur prgram culd be adapted t ther species.”(“熊或许是最难单独辨识的物种，”罗斯福的搭档马蒂斯说道，“我们首先聚焦它们，是想让我们的程序能推广到其他物种。”)”可知，PseSwin未来可能会适应其他物种。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一款名为PseSwin的人工智能程序，该程序由瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院和阿拉斯加太平洋大学的研究团队开发，旨在帮助野生动物生物学家区分不同的棕熊个体，由此可知，文章的最佳标题是“PseSwin：一种用于熊识别的AI程序”。故选D。
Passage3
杭州学军中学2026首考适应性考试
A new study has fund that breathing des mre than just mve air in and ut f yur lungs — it culd even be used t identify wh yu are. Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute f Science discvered that each persn has a distinct breathing pattern, knwn as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues abut a persn’s physical and mental health. Ntably, brain scientist Timna Srka shared, “We were able t identify differences between less depressed and nn-depressed individuals.”
The researchers riginally set ut t better understand hw ur sense f smell wrks. In humans, the brain prcesses smell during inhalatin (吸入), and this clse cnnectin between the brain and breathing led the team t wnder: culd ur breathing patterns reflect the way ur brains are wired — and be unique t each f us? T explre this questin, they develped a lightweight, wearable device that tracks nasal airflw cntinuusly fr 24 hurs.
The study, published in the jurnal Current Bilgy, tested 100 healthy yung adults as they went abut their regular rutines — running, studying, resting, and mre. The results shwed breathing patterns can identify individuals with 96.8 percent accuracy. “I thught it wuld be really hard t identify smene because everyne is ding different things,” said Srka. “But it turns ut their breathing patterns were remarkably distinct!”
Beynd individual identificatin, the study als fund clear links between breathing patterns and bdy mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depressin. Fr example, peple wh scred higher n anxiety tests tended t have shrter inhalatin perids. Imprtantly, the researchers nted that they nly knw there is an assciatin between breathing and md, but they dn’t knw the cause-and-effect directin — whether feeling anxius changes breathing, r a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. If the latter is true, changing hw we breathe culd ptentially imprve md.
Hwever, the current device has drawbacks: it uses sft tubes under the nse that can be uncmfrtable t wear and may slip during sleep, and it desn’t track muth breathing. The team is wrking n imprving the device and further explring the breathing-md cnnectin t unlck mre practical applicatins.
8. Why is breathing “fingerprint” mentined?
A. T explain hw the brain prcesses smell.
B. T intrduce a newly-invented tracking device.
C. T shw a link between breathing and depressin.
D. T stress the uniqueness f persnal breathing pattern.
9. What des the underlined wrd mean?
A. Cnnected.B. Pwered.
C. Cntrlled.D. Trained.
10. What can we infer abut the relatinship between breathing and md?
A. Changes in breath cure anxiety.
B. Anxiety always causes abnrmal breathing.
C. Their exact relatinship remains unclear.
D. Breathing is respnsible fr negative md.
11. What is the main finding f this research?
A. Our fingerprints tell a lt abut ur health.
B. Breathing patterns link t identity and health.
C. A grundbreaking device reveals mental health.
D. Anxiety levels link t shrter inhalatin perids.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现呼吸模式具有独特性，可用于身份识别，且与身心健康指标存在关联。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at Israel’s Weizmann Institute f Science discvered that each persn has a distinct breathing pattern, knwn as a nasal (鼻的) breathing “fingerprint”, a unique pattern that reveals clues abut a persn’s physical and mental health. (以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的科学家发现，每个人都有独特的呼吸模式，被称为鼻呼吸“指纹”，这种独特的模式能揭示出一个人身心健康的相关线索。)”可知，提到呼吸“指纹”是为了强调个人呼吸模式的独特性。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“In humans, the brain prcesses smell during inhalatin (吸入), and this clse cnnectin between the brain and breathing led the team t wnder: culd ur breathing patterns reflect the way ur brains are wired—and be unique t each f us? (人类的大脑在吸气过程中处理气味信息，大脑与呼吸之间的这种紧密联系让研究团队产生了一个疑问：我们的呼吸模式是否能反映出大脑的连接方式——并且每个人的模式都是独一无二的呢？)”可知，此处“wired”指的是大脑内部的神经连接方式，与“Cnnected”意思相近。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Imprtantly, the researchers nted that they nly knw there is an assciatin between breathing and md, but they dn’t knw the cause-and-effect directin — whether feeling anxius changes breathing, r a certain breathing pattern causes anxiety. (重要的是，研究人员指出，他们只知道呼吸和情绪之间存在关联，但并不知道两者之间的因果关系——究竟是焦虑情绪改变了呼吸，还是某种呼吸模式引发了焦虑。)”可知，呼吸和情绪之间的确切关系目前仍不明确。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new study has fund that breathing des mre than just mve air in and ut f yur lungs — it culd even be used t identify wh yu are.(一项新研究发现，呼吸的作用绝不仅仅是让空气在肺部进出 —— 它甚至还能用来识别个人身份。)”以及第四段中的“Beynd individual identificatin, the study als fund clear links between breathing patterns and bdy mass index (BMI), sleep-wake cycles, and mental health traits such as anxiety and depressin. (除了用于身份识别外，该研究还发现呼吸模式与身体质量指数、睡眠-觉醒周期以及焦虑、抑郁等心理健康特征之间存在明显关联。)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是呼吸模式与身份识别和健康状况都存在关联。故选B项。
Passage4
江浙高中发展共同体·2026届高三第一次适应性考试
While technlgical advancements have enhanced the cnvenience f urban cmmuting in recent years, envirnmental studies reveal a wrrying decline in urban green spaces, especially in densely ppulated districts. Many residents cmplain that there’s insufficient access t nature-filled areas fr relaxatin and exercise, s they end up spending mre time indrs, relying n virtual entertainment.
Urban planners Lila Chen and Ryan Mre are deeply trubled by such issues. In their newly released bk Green Living: Reclaim Our Cities’ Natural Spaces, they call fr a fundamental rethinking f urban design and the rle greenery shuld play in ur daily lives.
The landscape f urban living began t shift decades ag. Vast areas f natural vegetatin were cleared t make rm fr sprawling cncrete structures and cmmercial centers, frcing residents t seek nature in distant suburbs. Sme grassrts grups fught back. Mst ntably, a cmmunity rganizer frm Seattle, wh relcated t the city in the early 2000s, launched a mvement t save a lcal wetlands area frm being cnverted int a shpping mall. Expressing her utrage at the planned destructin, Emily Clark appealed t the city cuncil t “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life cexist harmniusly, nt just a place f cncrete and cmmerce.” Similar initiatives tk place in ther majr cities acrss the cuntry in the 2010s.
Althugh these initiatives gained public attentin, the harsh reality is that the majrity f mdern cities remain verwhelmingly dminated by urban develpment at the expense f green spaces. The cverage f natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In Califrnia, fr instance, the rati f urban green spaces t ttal city area has drpped t a recrd lw, even as the state prmtes envirnmental prtectin campaigns.
We invest substantial resurces in building urban infrastructure that priritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect t cnsider the true value f green spaces. D we fully cmprehend the scial and psychlgical csts when citizens lack easy access t natural envirnments fr mental rejuvenatin? The authrs f Green Living are spt-n: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right utside ur hmes.
8. What phenmenn des the authr highlight in paragraph 1?
A. Urban cmmuting has becme verly dependent n technlgy.
B. The reductin f urban green spaces leads t lifestyle changes.
C. Virtual entertainment is replacing utdr activities cmpletely.
D. Residents in densely ppulated areas have limited access t jbs.
9. What were the Seattle cmmunity rganizer and ther activists attempting t achieve?
A. Expand cmmercial develpment in urban areas.
B. Relcate residents t distant suburbs with mre greenery.
C. Safeguard urban natural spaces fr a balanced lifestyle.
D. Prmte the cnstructin f mre shpping malls in wetlands.
10. What can be inferred abut the initiatives in Califrnia in the 2010s?
A. They successfully increased the rati f urban green spaces.
B. They failed t reverse the trend f shrinking green areas.
C. They led t a surge in envirnmental prtectin dnatins.
D. They resulted in the clsure f all cmmercial cnstructin prjects.
11. Which f the fllwing wuld be the mst apprpriate title fr the text?
A. Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature?B. Tech Advance: A Duble-edged Swrd?
C. Green Spaces: A Luxury r Necessity?D. Cmmunity Activism: A Lst Cause?
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市发展以牺牲城市绿地为代价，虽然提高了便利性，但给环境和人们的健康生活带来了巨大威胁。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“While technlgical advancements have enhanced the cnvenience f urban cmmuting in recent years, envirnmental studies reveal a wrrying decline in urban green spaces, especially in densely ppulated districts. Many residents cmplain that there’s insufficient access t nature-filled areas fr relaxatin and exercise, s they end up spending mre time indrs, relying n virtual entertainment.(近年来，尽管科技进步提升了城市通勤的便利性，但环境研究显示，城市绿地正以令人担忧的速度减少，在人口密集区域尤为明显。许多居民抱怨，能够供他们放松和锻炼的自然区域不足，因此他们不得不更多地待在室内，依赖虚拟娱乐打发时间)”可知，作者在第一段主要强调了城市绿地减少导致居民生活方式的改变。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mst ntably, a cmmunity rganizer frm Seattle, wh relcated t the city in the early 2000s, launched a mvement t save a lcal wetlands area frm being cnverted int a shpping mall. Expressing her utrage at the planned destructin, Emily Clark appealed t the city cuncil t “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life cexist harmniusly, nt just a place f cncrete and cmmerce.” Similar initiatives tk place in ther majr cities acrss the cuntry in the 2010s.(最值得关注的是，一位21世纪初移居西雅图的社区组织者发起了一场运动，旨在阻止当地一片湿地被改建成购物中心。埃米莉・克拉克对这一计划中的破坏行为表示愤怒，她向市议会呼吁：“要将西雅图打造成自然与城市生活和谐共存的城市，而不只是一座充斥着混凝土建筑和商业活动的地方。”)”可知，西雅图社区组织者和其他活动者试图守护城市自然空间，追求平衡生活方式。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The cverage f natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In Califrnia, fr instance, the rati f urban green spaces t ttal city area has drpped t a recrd lw, even as the state prmtes envirnmental prtectin campaigns.(城市自然区域的覆盖面积一直在稳步缩小。例如，在加州，城市绿地占城市总面积的比例已降至历史最低水平，尽管该州正在推动环保运动)”推知，21世纪初加州的环保活动未能扭转绿地面积不断萎缩的趋势。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“We invest substantial resurces in building urban infrastructure that priritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect t cnsider the true value f green spaces. D we fully cmprehend the scial and psychlgical csts when citizens lack easy access t natural envirnments fr mental rejuvenatin? The authrs f Green Living are spt-n: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right utside ur hmes.(我们投入大量资源建设以速度和效率为优先的城市基础设施，却忽视了绿地的真正价值。当市民难以就近接触自然环境以滋养心灵时，我们是否充分意识到其中的社会成本与心理代价？《绿色生活》的作者们说得很对：是时候重新审视我们家门口的城市风貌了)”可知，文章主要介绍了城市发展以牺牲城市绿地为代价，虽然提高了便利性，但给环境和人们的健康生活带来了巨大威胁，因此A项“Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature?(都市快速发展：牺牲自然？)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
Passage5
2026届江苏苏州市七校联考模拟预测
Whether yu’re lking fr a jb, a huse, r a rmantic partner, there’s an app fr that. But as peple increasingly turn t digital platfrms in search f pprtunity, Daniela Saban, an assciate prfessr f peratins, infrmatin, and technlgy at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business, says it’s time t take a critical lk at the rle f algrithms (算法). She explres hw prperly designed algrithms can imprve the fairness and effectiveness f matching prcesses.
Saban has fcused much f her research n what she calls “matching markets” and she’s been particularly fascinated by nline dating. In ne study, she and several cauthrs partnered with a majr U.S. dating platfrm t explre hw updates t the app’s algrithm culd imprve utcmes fr rmantic hpefuls lking t spark new cnnectins.
Analyzing data frm the app, Saban develped a mdel that nt nly priritized ptential matches based n a user’s preferences but als tk int accunt the likelihd that the persn n the ther side f the ptential match wuld be interested. “I nt nly want t shw yu peple that yu will like, I als want t shw yu peple that will like yu back,” Saban ntes. Factring in users’ histry, activity levels, and this tw-sided apprach t preference led t a substantial increase in matches during field experiments in Texas. “Our algrithm increased the number f matches by 27% in Hustn and by ver 37% in Austin,” Saban says.
Similarly, when wrking with the vlunteer matching platfrm VlunteerMatch, Saban identified an imbalance in hw vlunteer pprtunities were being distributed. Sme rganizatins were receiving an verwhelming number f sign-ups, smetimes even mre than they needed, while thers struggled t attract any vlunteers at all. By adjusting the search algrithm t cnsider the number f vlunteers an rganizatin needs and has already received, Saban and her team were able t ensure a mre reasnable distributin f vlunteers acrss pprtunities.
The technical details f algrithms may be cmplicated, but ur cmmitment t fairness and equity desn’t have t be. If we want algrithms t wrk fr gd, we need t make cnscius chices abut hw we design them.
12. Hw d peple search fr pprtunities nwadays?
A. By learning algrithms.
B. By making use f nline tls.
C. By develping critical thinking.
D. By analyzing the matching prcesses.
13. What d we knw abut the mdel Saban develped fr the dating app?
A. It has attracted mre users t the app.
B. It makes a user’s preferences a tp pririty.
C. It fcuses n tw-sided preference matching.
D. It presents mre ptential matches t the users.
14. On what basis did Saban adjust the algrithm f VlunteerMatch?
A. The preferences f the vlunteers.
B The ppularity f the rganizatins.
C. A match between vlunteer and rganizatin types.
D. A balance between the demand and supply f vlunteers.
15. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Pwer f Digital Matchmaking
B. A New Era f Opprtunity Searching
C. Designing Algrithms fr Better Matches
D. Vlunteering Better with Equal Distributin
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了斯坦福大学商学院副教授Daniela Saban关于“匹配市场”的研究，通过在线约会平台和志愿者匹配平台的案例，阐述了合理设计的算法如何提升匹配过程的公平性与有效性。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether yu’re lking fr a jb, a huse, r a rmantic partner, there’s an app fr that. But as peple increasingly turn t digital platfrms in search f pprtunity, Daniela Saban, an assciate prfessr f peratins, infrmatin, and technlgy at Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Business, says it’s time t take a critical lk at the rle f algrithms (算法). (无论你是在找工作、找房子，还是寻找人生伴侣，都有对应的应用程序可用。但随着人们越来越多地借助数字平台寻求机会，斯坦福大学商学院运营、信息与技术领域的副教授Daniela Saban表示，现在是时候审慎审视算法所扮演的角色了)”可知，如今人们通过使用在线工具，例如各类应用程序、数字平台来寻找机会。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Analyzing data frm the app, Saban develped a mdel that nt nly priritized ptential matches based n a user’s preferences but als tk int accunt the likelihd that the persn n the ther side f the ptential match wuld be interested. “I nt nly want t shw yu peple that yu will like, I als want t shw yu peple that will like yu back,” Saban ntes. (通过分析该应用程序的数据，Saban 开发了一个模型：它不仅会依据用户的偏好对潜在匹配对象进行优先级排序，还会考虑到潜在匹配对象的另一方是否可能对此感兴趣。Saban 指出：“我不仅想给你推荐你会喜欢的人，还想给你推荐也会喜欢你的人。”)”可知，Saban 为约会应用开发的模型核心在于兼顾双方的偏好，即注重双向偏好匹配。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Sme rganizatins were receiving an verwhelming number f sign-ups, smetimes even mre than they needed, while thers struggled t attract any vlunteers at all. By adjusting the search algrithm t cnsider the number f vlunteers an rganizatin needs and has already received, Saban and her team were able t ensure a mre reasnable distributin f vlunteers acrss pprtunities. (一些机构收到的报名人数多得难以应对，有时甚至超出了实际需求，而另一些机构却根本难以吸引到任何志愿者。Saban 及其团队通过调整搜索算法，将机构所需志愿者数量与已招募到的志愿者数量纳入考量，从而得以确保志愿者能在各类志愿机会间实现更合理的分配)”可知，Saban 调整VlunteerMatch算法的依据是平衡志愿者的供需关系，即机构的需求与已有的志愿者供给。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether yu’re lking fr a jb, a huse, r a rmantic partner, there’s an app fr that. (无论你是在找工作、找房子，还是寻找人生伴侣，都有对应的应用程序可用)”并结合全文内容可知，文章开篇指出人们依赖数字平台寻找机会，进而引出Saban 关于算法在“匹配市场”中作用的研究；随后通过在线约会平台（提升双向匹配成功率）和志愿者匹配平台（平衡志愿者供需）两个具体案例，说明合理设计的算法能优化匹配效果；最后总结“如果我们希望算法发挥积极作用，就需要在设计时做出有意识的选择”，全文核心围绕C选项“设计算法以实现更好的匹配”展开，适合作为标题。故选C项。
Passage6
江苏省镇江市2025-2026学年上学期高三零模
Plants can be grwn in flexible ways. Besides planting seeds, a special methd allws grwing new plants frm parts f ther plants, like rse stems r ptat tubers — these cpies like the mther plant are called plant clnes.
The technique t make plant clnes is knwn as micrprpagatin (微繁殖). It uses tiny pieces f plant tissue, called explants (外植体), frm a “mther plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under cntrlled light, temperature, and humidity. The key lies in the ability f a single cell t develp int a whle rganism, and dedifferentiatin (去分化), where mature cells return t a dividing state befre frming new tissues and rgans.
Suppse yu have a favrite garden plant with unique, attractive flwers but it prduces n seeds. In nature, sme plants depend n bees, insects, r birds t develp seeds — withut these helpers, they may die seedless. T grw it, yu can try micrprpagatin. Beynd reslving the seedless plant prblem, it can als efficiently reprduce ecnmically imprtant species like bananas, saving time and cst. Mrever, it enables the prductin f virus-free plants and helps reprduce stress-tlerant varieties that therwise struggle t prduce seeds.
Yu might be curius abut the materials and experimental setup required fr this mdern technique. The prcess needs a mther plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grw int cmplete plants in a rm with a cntrlled envirnment. Later, they are hardened and relcated t greenhuses r fields. Additinally, simple micrprpagatin, such as using stem cuttings f rses, lets peple grw plants at hme withut seeds, ffering a cnvenient way t reprduce belved plants.
28. What can peple d with the special methd accrding t paragraph 1?
A. prduce plant seeds.B. Change plant clrs.
C. Grw new identical plants.D. Prtect rare plant species.
29. What des the underlined wrd “them” stand fr in paragraph 2?
A. Explants.B. New plants.C. Seeds.D. New cells.
30. What can we knw abut the prcess accrding t the last paragraph?
A. It is hard t reprduce rses at hme.
B. Plants grw better indrs than utdrs.
C. The grwth f explants needs special care.
D. Simple micrprpagatin needs cmplex prcedures.
31. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A Micrprpagatin: Its Truble and Cst.B. Explants: Frm Leaves t Plants.
C. Plant Clning: Its Benefits and Prcedure.D. Nutrient Media: Energy fr Plant Grwth.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物微繁殖技术，包括其原理、应用、所需材料和实验设置等。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Besides planting seeds, a special methd allws grwing new plants frm parts f ther plants, like rse stems r ptat tubers — these cpies like the mther plant are called plant clnes.(除了播种外，还有一种特殊的方法可以从其他植物的部分，如玫瑰茎或马铃薯块茎，培育出新的植物——这些与母株相似的植物被称为克隆植物。)”可知，人们可以用这种特殊的方法培育新的相同植物。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“It uses tiny pieces f plant tissue, called explants (外植体), frm a “mther plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under cntrlled light, temperature, and humidity.(它从“母株”上取下称为外植体的微小植物组织，在光线、温度和湿度可控的清洁实验室中，用营养丰富的培养基培养它们。)”可知，them指代的是上文提到的“explants”，也就是外植体。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prcess needs a mther plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grw int cmplete plants in a rm with a cntrlled envirnment. Later, they are hardened and relcated t greenhuses r fields.(这个过程需要一株母株、合适的外植体和营养培养基。外植体经过清洗后，在可控环境的房间里长成完整的植株。后来，它们被硬化并重新安置到温室或田野中。)”可知，外植体的生长需要特殊照顾。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了植物克隆这种特殊的方法，第二段介绍了植物克隆的原理，第三段介绍了植物克隆的好处，第四段介绍了植物克隆的过程，由此可知，文章主要介绍了植物克隆的好处和程序，故选项C适合作为这篇文章的最佳标题。故选C。
Passage7
山东名校联盟2026届高三下学期2月份核心素养评估考试
When we talk f human actins harming the envirnment, we ften think f pllutin, veruse f resurces r destructin f habitats. But intrducing new species int areas where they dn’t naturally live can als be destructive. One such invasive (入侵的) species is the zebra mussel.
Zebra mussels live in fresh water and are native t the Caspian and Black Seas, which are fund in between Eurpe and Asia. These seas are less salty than mst, s a freshwater species like the zebra mussel can live there and in nearby lakes. By attaching nt ships, the mllusks (软体动物) have spread t much f Eurpe and Nrth America, causing a prblem fr the envirnment and humans alike.
When species are abruptly intrduced t a new ecsystem, they ften damage the balance f that ecsystem, and zebra mussels are n exceptin. They feed by phytplanktn (浮游植物) and ther nutrients ut f the water when they pass thrugh their shells, and they d s with striking efficiency. This means that when zebra mussels arrive in a new area, they cnsume s much phytplanktn that ther species that als eat the same fd surce struggle t get a sufficient amunt f fd. Since thse ther creatures, in turn, are a fd surce fr still ther species, zebra mussels harm everything in the lake.
Zebra mussels als create prblems fr humans because they multiply s quickly. They ften grw n bjects made by humans, and grups f them can prevent these bjects frm functining. Fr example, zebra mussels have been knwn t bstruct the flw f water thrugh pipes, which can prevent cmmunities frm getting clean drinking water. They attach t these bjects firmly enugh that they can prve difficult and expensive t clean.
Remval f zebra mussels is incredibly difficult, s nly by stpping them frm spreading can peple limit the trubles they cause. Gvernments f areas affected are taking steps t prevent their spread mstly by privately-wned bats. S, baters must clean, drain (排空), and dry their bats and mtrs befre entering ne lake r anther t defend against their further spread.
8. Why des the authr mentin the envirnmental prblems in the beginning?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T predict the ending.
C. T emphasize the effects.D. T illustrate an argument.
9. What can we learn abut zebra mussels?
A. They need salty water t survive.
B. They nly exist in Eurpe and Asia.
C. They ften break the balance f the ecsystem.
D. They eat less phytplanktn than any ther species.
10. What des the underlined wrd “bstruct” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Avid.B. Blck.C. Cntrl.D. Direct.
11. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. The damages caused by zebra mussels.
B. The difficulties zebra mussels encunter.
C. The measures t stp zebra mussels spreading.
D. The rapid reprductin speed f zebra mussels.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了入侵物种斑马贻贝，它会破坏生态系统的平衡，影响人们的生活，清理起来也非常困难。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When we talk f human actins harming the envirnment, we ften think f pllutin, veruse f resurces r destructin f habitats. But intrducing new species int areas where they dn’t naturally live can als be destructive. One such invasive (入侵的) species is the zebra mussel. (当我们谈到人类行为对环境造成损害时，我们通常会想到污染、资源的过度使用或者栖息地的破坏。但将新物种引入它们原本不适应的区域同样会造成破坏。其中一种入侵物种就是斑马贻贝。)”可知，作者开篇先列举人们熟知的破坏环境的行为，接着引出“外来入侵物种也会破坏环境”，进而引出本文的说明对象——入侵物种斑马贻贝，因此开篇提到环境问题是为了引出主题。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“When species are abruptly intrduced t a new ecsystem, they ften damage the balance f that ecsystem, and zebra mussels are n exceptin. (当物种突然被引入一个新的生态系统时，它们往往会破坏该生态系统的平衡，斑马贻贝也不例外。)”可知，斑马贻贝会破坏生态系统的平衡，故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They ften grw n bjects made by humans, and grups f them can prevent these bjects frm functining. (它们常常附着在人类制造的物体上，成群的它们甚至会妨碍这些物体的正常运作。)”和下文“which can prevent cmmunities frm getting clean drinking water. (从而使得一些社区无法获得干净的饮用水。)”可知，斑马贻贝堵住了管道，阻挡了水流，bstruct意思是“阻挡、堵塞”，对应blck。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Gvernments f areas affected are taking steps t prevent their spread mstly by privately-wned bats. S, baters must clean, drain (排空), and dry their bats and mtrs befre entering ne lake r anther t defend against their further spread. (受影响地区的政府主要通过私人拥有的船只采取措施来防止它们的传播。因此，船员在进入一个湖泊或另一个湖泊之前必须清洁、排空并晾干他们的船只和发动机，以防止它们进一步传播。)”可知，最后一段介绍了政府防控斑马贻贝扩散的具体措施。故选C。
Passage8
广东部分学校2026届高三年级上学期1月份适应性测试
Dgs have been a part f human sciety fr ver 20,000 years. Initially, they served peple by supprting hunters, and it did nt take lng befre they became part f the hme. Dgs might nt help secure fd, but fr years evidence has munted that they help peple in anther way.
Research led by Dr. Kikusui Takefumi at Azabu University in Japan explains what might be ging n. The micrbes (微生物) fund elsewhere, particularly in the human gut (肠道), prduce chemicals that influence hw the brain wrks. Thse micrbes are heavily affected by diet, but are als shaped by factrs like stress, pllutants and exercise. Kikusui knew frm his wn research that having a dg influenced the micrbita f the human gut, t. With this in mind, he wndered if micrbe mvement frm dgs might be helping bring psychlgical benefits t wners. Eager t find ut, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tky.
Kikusui specifically wrked with teenagers, wh are ging thrugh a crucial perid f brain develpment, when scial interactins ften have lasting mental effects; if micrbes frm dgs were reducing teen anxiety and increasing teen sciality, then this wuld generate lng-term psitive effects. He and his cwrkers therefre psychlgically analysed 96 teens wh were dg wners and 247 teens wh were nt.
Kikusui and his cwrkers fund that dg wners suffered frm fewer scial prblems. Mre specifically, they were less likely t react strngly during cnflicts, and demnstrated fewer prblem behavirs and less scial withdrawal. Kikusui and his cwrkers then cllected saliva (唾液) samples frm the participants and nted that certain kinds f Streptcccus and Prevtella 7 were significantly mre plentiful in samples frm dg wners. They further fund that participants within whm these key micrbes were rare als tended t have mre prblematic behavirs. As anticipated befre the experiment, micrbes, added t the human gut by dgs, may be influencing the brains f their wners in healthy ways.
12. What is the basis fr Kikusui’s experiment?
A. Micrbes determine human behavir.B. Diet shapes the micrbita in the gut.
C. Dgs reduce mental stress in teenagers.D. Dgs relate t micrbes in the human gut.
13. Why were the teenagers chsen as participants?
A. They shw mre scial prblems.
B. Their micrbes are easily changed.
C. They ften tend t keep dgs as pets.
D. Their brain develpment is at a key stage.
14. Hw did the research team feel abut the result f the experiment?
A. Unsurprised.B. Unsatisfied.C. Discuraged.D. Cnfused.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Dgs Imprve Human Health CnstantlyB. Dg wnership Reduces Teen Prblems
C. Micrbes Link Dgs t Human BehavirD. Gut Micrbes Influence Brain Negatively
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本麻布大学的Kikusui Takefumi研究发现养狗会影响人类肠道微生物群。他以处于大脑发育关键期的青少年为对象开展实验，发现养狗的青少年社交问题少，其唾液中特定微生物更丰富， 且微生物少的人行为问题多。这表明狗带来的微生物或以健康方式影响人类的大脑。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Kikusui knew frm his wn research that having a dg influenced the micrbita f the human gut, t. With this in mind, he wndered if micrbe mvement frm dgs might be helping bring psychlgical benefits t wners.(Kikusui从自己的研究中了解到，养狗也会影响人类肠道的微生物群。基于这一点，他想知道来自狗身上的微生物转移是否有助于给主人带来心理益处)”可知，Kikusui实验的基础是狗与人类肠道中的微生物有关。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Kikusui specifically wrked with teenagers, wh are ging thrugh a crucial perid f brain develpment, when scial interactins ften have lasting mental effects; if micrbes frm dgs were reducing teen anxiety and increasing teen sciality, then this wuld generate lng - term psitive effects.(Kikusui专门选择青少年进行研究，青少年正处于大脑发育的关键时期，此时社交互动往往会产生持久的心理影响；如果来自狗的微生物能减少青少年的焦虑并提高他们的社交能力，那么这将产生长期的积极影响)”可知，选择青少年作为参与者是因为他们的大脑发育处于关键阶段。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As anticipated befre the experiment, micrbes, added t the human gut by dgs, may be influencing the brains f their wners in healthy ways.(正如实验前预期的那样，狗给人类肠道增加的微生物可能正在以健康的方式影响着它们主人的大脑)”可知，研究团队对实验结果并不感到惊讶。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第二段的“Kikusui knew frm his wn research that having a dg influenced the micrbita f the human gut, t. With this in mind, he wndered if micrbe mvement frm dgs might be helping bring psychlgical benefits t wners. Eager t find ut, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tky.(Kikusui通过自己的研究了解到，养狗也会对人类肠道内的微生物群落产生影响。基于此，他思考是否是狗体内的微生物运动，正在为主人带来心理上的益处。出于强烈的好奇心，他决定在东京对 343 名参与者进行一项实验。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Kikusui的研究，通过实验表明狗身上的微生物与人类行为之间存在联系，狗身上的微生物可能有益地影响主人大脑。C选项“微生物将狗与人类行为联系起来”符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。
Passage9
北京市通州区2025-2026学年高三上学期摸底考试
Curisity is a familiar feeling amng peple. Yet when we examine it mre deeply, curisity reveals itself t be a cmplex emtin. Cnsider this: Is curisity a psitive feeling r a negative ne? Des it resemble frustratin r anticipatin? Is it a painful reminder f what we d nt (yet) knw, r a thrilling signal f what we might sn discver?
In fact, curisity can be all f these — and mre. It has tw faces: ne pints tward what we desire, and the ther tward what we have nt yet btained — and may never btain. Once we recgnize that curisity is nt always pleasurable, we can explre factrs that influence the nature f ur experience in different situatins. One such factr is time.
Researchers have investigated whether the experience f curisity is mre psitive when we anticipate satisfying it sner rather than later. T explre this questin, a paper published in Cgnitin and Emtin reprted three studies invlving ver 200 participants recruited frm a university r nline.
In each study, the researchers first induced (诱导) a state f curisity by telling participants that they wuld later watch a vide that cntained “smething with different shades f brwn”. Participants were invited t reflect n what it might be, but they were nt tld. Crucially, half the participants were tld they wuld watch the vide after a shrt delay f nly ne minute, and half were tld that there wuld first be a 30-minute delay during which they wuld cmplete ther interesting tasks. At the start f the delays, everyne indicated hw curius they felt abut the cntent f the vide, as well as hw much they felt negative feelings, such as discmfrt, versus psitive feelings, such as happiness.
The key finding was that while bth grups reprted equal levels f curisity, the curisity was accmpanied by mre negative feelings fr thse participants facing a lng delay. The researchers argue that the finding sheds light n the tw faces f curisity. When ur curisity will nt be satisfied anytime sn, we fcus n nt knwing, n the infrmatin gap itself, and this is largely aversive. But when ur curisity is n the verge f being satisfied, we fcus n almst knwing, r the anticipated reslutin, which is a mre psitive experience.
28. What was the main difference between the tw participant grups?
A. Their physical respnses.
B. Their initial levels f curisity.
C. The types f vide they watched.
D. The delays befre watching the vide.
29. What des the wrd “aversive” underlined in the last paragraph mean?
A. Unpleasant.B. Misleading.C. Ineffective.D. Ignred.
30. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T criticize the methds used in curisity research.
B. T intrduce different scientific definitins f curisity.
C. T suggest ways t avid the negative side f curisity.
D. T prve curisity can lead t different emtinal experiences.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍好奇心是复杂情绪，研究者通过实验探究时间对好奇心体验的影响，证明其会伴随不同的积极或消极情绪体验。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, half the participants were tld they wuld watch the vide after a shrt delay f nly ne minute, and half were tld that there wuld first be a 30-minute delay during which they wuld cmplete ther interesting tasks. (关键的是，一半的参与者被告知他们只需等待一分钟就能观看视频，另一半则被告知需要先等待30分钟，在这期间他们要完成其他有趣的任务。)”可知，两组参与者的主要区别在于观看视频前的等待时长不同。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“The key finding was that while bth grups reprted equal levels f curisity, the curisity was accmpanied by mre negative feelings fr thse participants facing a lng delay. (关键发现是，尽管两组参与者的好奇心程度相同，但对于那些面临长时间等待的参与者来说，他们的好奇心伴随着更多的负面情绪。)”以及“When ur curisity will nt be satisfied anytime sn, we fcus n nt knwing, n the infrmatin gap itself, and this is largely aversive. (当我们的好奇心无法很快得到满足时，我们会关注自己的未知，关注信息差本身，而这在很大程度上是aversive。)”可推知，此处指长时间等待满足的好奇心会带来负面情绪，因此“aversive”的意思是“令人不快的、讨厌的”，与Unpleasant的意义相近。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In fact, curisity can be all f these — and mre. It has tw faces: ne pints tward what we desire, and the ther tward what we have nt yet btained — and may never btain. Once we recgnize that curisity is nt always pleasurable, we can explre factrs that influence the nature f ur experience in different situatins. (事实上，好奇心可以是上述所有的感受，甚至更多。它有两面性：一面指向我们渴望的东西，另一面指向我们尚未得到——甚至可能永远得不到的东西。一旦我们认识到好奇心并非总是令人愉悦的，我们就能探究在不同情况下影响我们体验本质的因素。)”以及全文围绕研究者通过实验证明时间因素会让好奇心伴随不同的情绪体验展开可知，本文的主要目的是证明好奇心会带来不同的情绪体验。故选D项。
Passage10
备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（上海卷）
Pet and Harvard Prfessr Henry Wadswrth Lngfellw famusly said, “Music is the universal language f mankind.” A new Harvard study suggests he may have been right.
The study cnducted by a research team fund that peple arund the wrld culd identify lullabies (摇篮曲), dance sngs, and cmfrting sngs — regardless f the sngs’ cultural rigin — after hearing just a 14-secnd clip (片段). The finding suggests that nt nly is music deeply rted in human nature, but that sme types f sngs break cultural bundaries.
The findings are based n a wide-reaching experiment in which 750 nline participants in 60 cuntries listened t brief clips f sngs cllected frm nearly 90 small scieties arund the wrld, including hunter-gatherers and sme special farmers. Participants then answered six questins, rating each clip accrding t whether they believed the sng was used fr dancing, calming a baby, treating illness, r expressing lve. Tw additinal uses — murning (哀悼) the dead and telling a stry — were included as cntrls.
The data shwed that despite participants’ unfamiliarity with the cultures, the randm sampling f each sng, and the shrt duratin f the samples, peple were able t reliably infer the sngs’ functins, and that their ratings were cnsistent acrss the wrld.
The findings ran cunter t expert expectatins. The team had als asked prfessinals, including perfrmers, cmpsers, psychlgists, and scientists abut whether they believed peple wuld be able t identify the sng types. Their answer was n. And nt nly that, but they predicted that peple’s respnses will be incnsistent with ne anther. “That’s nt what we fund,” the researchers said.
The researchers als wanted t knw whether listeners were recgnizing certain nn-musical characteristics f the sngs. T test that, the team cnducted a secnd study. This time, they asked listeners abut a number f cntextual and musical features, ranging frm the gender f the singers t the rhythm f the sng.
When data frm the tw studies were cmbined, the results shwed that sngs f the same functin shared similar characteristics — lullabies, fr example, tended t be slwer and simpler than dance music — suggesting that smething abut musical characteristics crsses cultural bundaries.
43．What did the participants d in the first study?
A．They distinguished functins f the sngs.
B．They identified the cultural rigins f the sngs.
C．They recgnized the nn-musical characteristics f the sngs.
D．They srted the sngs accrding t the gender f the singers.
44．What des the underlined part “ran cunter t” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Were equal t.B．Were similar t.
C．Were superir t.D．Were ppsite t.
45．Why did the researchers carry ut the secnd study?
A．T test the musical knwledge f a wider audience.
B．T cllect mre diverse sngs frm varius cultures.
C．T cnfirm the surprising results frm the first ne.
D．T explre the underlying reasns behind the findings.
46．What can we learn frm the tw studies?
A．Listeners recgnize music by its rhythm. B．Smething abut music might be universal.
C．Dance music is usually slwer and simpler.D．Cultural similarities lead t similar musical features.
【答案】43．A 44．D 45．D 46．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了哈佛大学的一项新研究表明，尽管文化背景不同，但人们能识别出不同功能歌曲的共性，音乐可能有共性。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Participants then answered six questins, rating each clip accrding t whether they believed the sng was used fr dancing, calming a baby, treating illness, r expressing lve.(参与者随后回答了六个问题，根据他们认为歌曲是用于跳舞、安抚婴儿、治疗疾病还是表达爱意，对每个片段进行评分)”可知，在第一个研究中，参与者要区分歌曲的功能。故选A。
44．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The data shwed that despite participants’ unfamiliarity with the cultures, the randm sampling f each sng, and the shrt duratin f the samples, peple were able t reliably infer the sngs’ functins, and that their ratings were cnsistent acrss the wrld.(数据显示，尽管参与者对这些文化并不熟悉，每首歌曲都是随机选取的，且样本持续时间很短，但人们仍能够可靠地推断出歌曲的功能，而且他们的评分在全球范围内是一致的)”、第五段中“The findings ran cunter t expert expectatins. The team had als asked prfessinals, including perfrmers, cmpsers, psychlgists, and scientists abut whether they believed peple wuld be able t identify the sng types. Their answer was n. And nt nly that, but they predicted that peple’s respnses will be incnsistent with ne anther. “That’s nt what we fund,” the researchers said.(这一发现ran cunter t专家们的预期。研究团队还询问了包括表演者、作曲家、心理学家和科学家在内的专业人士，他们是否认为人们能够识别出歌曲类型。他们的回答是否定的。不仅如此，他们还预测人们的回答会相互不一致。“这并非我们的发现，”研究人员说道)”可知，研究结果与专家预期相反，所以ran cunter t意思是“与……相反”。故选D。
45．细节理解题。根据第六段中“The researchers als wanted t knw whether listeners were recgnizing certain nn-musical characteristics f the sngs. T test that, the team cnducted a secnd study.(研究人员还想知道听众是否通过歌曲的某些非音乐特征来识别。为了验证这一点，团队开展了第二项研究)”可知，研究人员进行第二项研究是为了探索研究结果背后的潜在原因。故选D。
46．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Pet and Harvard Prfessr Henry Wadswrth Lngfellw famusly said, “Music is the universal language f mankind.” A new Harvard study suggests he may have been right.(诗人、哈佛大学教授亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗曾说过一句名言：“音乐是人类通用的语言。”哈佛大学的一项新研究表明，他可能是对的)”以及最后一段中“When data frm the tw studies were cmbined, the results shwed that sngs f the same functin shared similar characteristics — lullabies, fr example, tended t be slwer and simpler than dance music — suggesting that smething abut musical characteristics crsses cultural bundaries.(当两项研究的数据结合起来时，结果显示，功能相同的歌曲具有相似的特征——例如，摇篮曲往往比舞曲更慢、更简单——这表明音乐特征的一些方面跨越了文化界限)”可知，这两项研究告诉我们音乐的一些方面可能是普遍的。故选B。
年份
试卷类型
原文字数
体裁
主题语境
话 题
2025
全国高考一卷
338
说明文
人与社会
文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
2025
全国高考二卷
266/340
说明文
人与自然
1.文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
2.文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
2024
新高考 I 卷
366
说明文
人与自然
文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
2024
新高考 II 卷
272/323
说明文
人与社会
1.文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
2.文章主要介绍了Catrina Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
2023
新高考 I 卷
322/339
说明文
人与自我
1.文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
2.没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
2023
新高考 II 卷
330/320
说明文
人与社会/人与自然
1.文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
2.城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。