2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题06阅读理解CD篇(环境与保护类)(学生版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题06阅读理解CD篇(环境与保护类)(学生版+解析)，共21页。试卷主要包含了环境与保护类解题技巧，四段强调其对城市和居民的好处等内容，欢迎下载使用。


环境与保护类基本规律及解题要领
高考环境类阅读多无标题，结构清晰、论证严谨，一般分为四部分：
首段：引出环境问题、生态现象、保护行动、科研发现。
背景 / 现状：介绍问题成因、破坏程度、危机现状、人类影响。
主干：阐述研究数据、保护措施、治理方案、正反效果、专家观点。
结尾：总结保护意义、未来展望、行动呼吁、生态启示。
二、环境与保护类解题技巧
1. 抓语篇结构，快速把握大意
用略读法速读首尾段 + 各段首尾句，圈出核心词：
envirnment/cnservatin/habitat/ecsystem/climate/pllutin。
环境类常见行文逻辑：
问题对策型：环境危机→原因分析→解决方案→效果评价
研究发现型：新观察→实验数据→结论意义→保护建议
生态介绍型：物种 / 栖息地→生存现状→适应机制→保护价值
2. 定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理
优先定位：地名、物种名、数据年份、研究机构、环保项目名称。
长难句处理：先抓主句主干，剥离定语、状语、插入语，理清因果与条件。
答案原则：原文同义替换、客观概括，不加入主观环保立场臆断。
3. 重点关注因果、措施与影响
环境类必考三大方向：
原因：human activity/urbanizatin/defrestatin/pllutin/climate change
措施：restre/prtect/recycle/regulate/passive restratin/ecturism
影响：threaten/survive/recver/decline/cllapse/benefit
4. 紧盯转折与对比，锁定命题重点
高频逻辑词：hwever / but / yet / while / in cntrast / instead / despite转折后常是真实危机、有效方案、作者真正态度，为必考点。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，快速排除干扰
正确选项：符合科学事实、概括全面、原文信息同义改写。
干扰项：
夸大危机（用 wrst /destry/extinct 绝对化）
张冠李戴（把 A 措施的效果安到 B 措施）
无中生有（原文未提的解决方案）
以偏概全（用局部数据代替整体主旨）
6. 标题归纳技巧（环境类专用）
必须包含核心对象：frest/cean/animal/habitat/planet/ecsystem
突出保护、恢复、危机、可持续
常见格式：保护对象 + 危机 / 措施 / 希望 / 未来

06 环境与保护类
1.（2026·广东省大湾区·一模）
If the Amazn frest is t disappear, Altamira in Brazil is the twn where that end culd be freseen. During the regin’s develpment, a rad was cut thrugh the heart f the frest, marking an era f widespread destructin that remade the Amazn. Altamira thus became knwn in lcal media as the “champin f defrestatin.”
Nw Brazilian fficials think this expansive twn can als be the site f the frest’s rebirth. This year, the gvernment set ut t test a questin that until nw has largely been left t researchers: If left alne, can the Amazn frest restre itself? T test this assumptin, fficials clsed ff a degraded parcel f land and leased (租赁) it t a private carbn credit cmpany t safeguard and restre. “Sme f the tasks will be dne by planting trees. But mst f the restratin jb will be left t Mther Nature. It’s called passive restratin. This is pening a new mdel that may be applied acrss the state,” said Gvernr Barbalh.
The search fr slutins in the Amazn culdn’t be mre urgent. Rates f defrestatin have been drpping since the gvernment made fighting envirnmental crime a pririty, but the destructin hasn’t stpped. Nearly 6,300 square kilmeters were lst last year, bringing the ecsystem clser t what scientists warn is a tipping pint, when the Amazn is n lnger able t maintain its wn rainy ecsystem. Evidence f its arrival is springing up: dried riverbeds, frest fires, punishing drughts, and increased tree death. Scientists have predicted the frest culd experience a brad eclgical cllapse by 2050, when 10 — 47% f it will be expsed t varius disturbances that culd activate unexpected ecsystem changes.
But ther research has als prvided cause fr hpe. Despite the delicate nature f the Amazn’s ecsystem, the frest has als demnstrated a remarkable capacity fr recvery. A recent study shwed that rughly 72,000 square kilmeters f destryed frest are already in an advanced stage f natural recvery.
1. What d we knw abut Altamira frm paragraph 1?
A. It reshaped the Amazn area.B. It saw the rebirth f the frest.
C. It benefited frm the new rad.D. It headed the frest destructin.
2. What is the cre belief behind passive restratin?
A. Nature knws the right way.B. Cmpanies make better guardians.
C. Tree-planting is a quicker fix.D. A hands-ff gvernment is the key.
3. What makes it critical t restre the Amazn rainfrest?
A. Defrestatin rates are ever-rising.B. The rainy ecsystem has cllapsed.
C. A pint f n return is appraching.D. Spring has brught lts f disasters.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Can Private Cmpanies Help?B. Can Passive Restratin Last?
C. Can Altamira Stp Defrestatin?D. Can Amazn Avid Disappearing?
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了巴西小镇阿尔塔米拉曾是森林破坏的“冠军”，如今政府尝试通过被动修复让亚马逊森林重生，以避免其消失。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Altamira thus became knwn in lcal media as the “champin f defrestatin.”(因此，阿尔塔米拉被当地媒体称为“森林砍伐冠军”)”可知，阿尔塔米拉曾引领森林破坏。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“But mst f the restratin jb will be left t Mther Nature. It’s called passive restratin.(但大部分修复工作将留给大自然。这被称为被动修复)”可知，被动修复的核心信念是相信自然知道正确的修复方式。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Nearly 6,300 square kilmeters were lst last year, bringing the ecsystem clser t what scientists warn is a tipping pint, when the Amazn is n lnger able t maintain its wn rainy ecsystem.(去年损失了近6300平方公里，使生态系统更接近科学家警告的临界点，届时亚马逊将无法维持自己的雨林生态系统)”可知，亚马逊雨林恢复的关键在于避免接近无法挽回的临界点。故选C。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Despite the delicate nature f the Amazn’s ecsystem, the frest has als demnstrated a remarkable capacity fr recvery.(尽管亚马逊生态系统很脆弱，但森林也表现出了惊人的恢复能力)”可知，文章主要探讨了亚马逊森林能否通过修复避免消失的问题，D选项“Can Amazn Avid Disappearing?(亚马逊能否避免消失？)”适合作为标题。故选D。
2.（2026·河北·一模）
Deep in a prtected nature reserve in Nrthern Guatemala’s Sierra del Lacandón Natinal Park, shade frm the trees and a light wind frm the Usumacinta River ffer peple relief frm the heat. Here in the Maya Bisphere Reserve, there are nt nly thusands f species, including the Ramón and Cpal trees prviding shade, but als Rmari Ramírez, ne f the many humans wh live in the park. Ramírez is a tur guide; he knws this frest and its creatures like the back f his hand.
But guiding turists thrugh the park is just part f his wrk. Nearly 20 thusand peple live within this park, almst all f whm play a rle in caring fr the frest.
Frest fires are the largest threat t the reserve. Set mstly by utsiders, the fires are usually intended t clear the frest t expand cattle and sy farms. While the fires are started by humans, their intensity and ability t spread are made wrse by climate change. In respnse, everyne in this cmmunity is trained t use a number f tls t discurage the fires, including cameras and ther similar equipment, which are als used t mnitr bidiversity. Accrding t a reprt, cllectively they have reduced 369,000 tns f CO₂ emissins and prtected 870 species f wildlife between 2012 and 2014.
T keep visitrs engaged, guides lead hikes within the jungle and excursins (远足) t ancient sites. Sustainable turist prgrams, r ecturism, have becme increasingly ppular as a way t help the remte cmmunity becme self-sufficient. In this mdel, every visit frm a traveler directly translates int greater capacity t preserve the frest.
The lcal turism cmmissin in this small Nrthern Guatemalan cmmunity hpes t guard the area by inviting turists t think abut the reserve as mre than a site t visit and t see hw they live and develp as a cmmunity.
5. What phenmenn is described in paragraph 1?
A. Man and nature cexist clsely.
B. Bidiversity is vital t the frest.
C. The lcals rely n nature t live.
D. The reserve is ppular with turists.
6. Why des the authr cite a reprt in paragraph 3?
A. T shw risks f widespread frest fires.
B. T prve effectiveness f fire preventin.
C. T praise the use f devices t tackle fires.
D. T reveal the reasn fr discuraging fires.
7. What can turists’ engagement with the site bring?
A. Mre ptential fr ecturism.
B. Mre insight int ancient life.
C. Mre cllabratin n the ecnmy.
D. Mre supprt fr lcal prtectin.
8. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Guided Turs, Guarded Frest
B. Fire Threats, Lcal Respnses
C. Lcal Guides, Glbal Visitrs
D. Ancient Frest, Mdern Guardians
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了危地马拉北部玛雅生物圈保护区中人类与自然共存，通过防火和生态旅游保护森林的情况。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Here in the Maya Bisphere Reserve, there are nt nly thusands f species, including the Ramón and Cpal trees prviding shade, but als Rmari Ramírez, ne f the many humans wh live in the park.(在玛雅生物圈保护区，不仅有成千上万的物种，包括提供树荫的拉蒙树和科帕尔树，还有罗马里奥·拉米雷斯，他是众多居住在公园里的人之一。)”可知，本段描述了人类和自然紧密共存的现象。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In respnse, everyne in this cmmunity is trained t use a number f tls t discurage the fires, including cameras and ther similar equipment, which are als used t mnitr bidiversity. Accrding t a reprt, cllectively they have reduced 369,000 tns f CO₂ emissins and prtected 870 species f wildlife between 2012 and 2014.(作为回应，社区里的每个人都接受了使用多种工具来阻止火灾的培训，包括使用照相机和其他类似设备，这些设备也被用来监测生物多样性。根据一份报告，在2012年至2014年期间，他们共同减少了36.9万吨二氧化碳排放，保护了870种野生动物。)”可知，作者引用报告是为了证明防火措施的有效性。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“T keep visitrs engaged, guides lead hikes within the jungle and excursins (远足) t ancient sites. Sustainable turist prgrams, r ecturism, have becme increasingly ppular as a way t help the remte cmmunity becme self-sufficient. In this mdel, every visit frm a traveler directly translates int greater capacity t preserve the frest.(为了让游客保持兴趣，导游会带领游客在丛林中徒步旅行，并前往古遗址远足。可持续旅游项目，即生态旅游，作为一种帮助偏远社区实现自给自足的方式，正变得越来越受欢迎。在这种模式下，每一位游客的到来都直接转化为更强的保护森林的能力。)”可知，游客的参与能够带来更多的对当地保护的支持。故选D。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“T keep visitrs engaged, guides lead hikes within the jungle and excursins (远足) t ancient sites. Sustainable turist prgrams, r ecturism, have becme increasingly ppular as a way t help the remte cmmunity becme self-sufficient. In this mdel, every visit frm a traveler directly translates int greater capacity t preserve the frest.(为了让游客保持兴趣，导游会带领游客在丛林中徒步旅行，并前往古遗址远足。可持续旅游项目，即生态旅游，作为一种帮助偏远社区实现自给自足的方式，正变得越来越受欢迎。在这种模式下，每一位游客的到来都直接转化为更强的保护森林的能力。)”可知，文章主要介绍了玛雅生物圈保护区中人类与自然共存的情况，以及当地人如何通过防火和生态旅游来保护森林，其中导游罗米里奥·拉米雷斯是这一努力的代表。A项“Guided Turs, Guarded Frest (导游引领，守护森林)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
3.（2026·湖北·一模）
The glbal shift t renewable energy is greatly increasing demand fr critical minerals and metals, including lithium, cpper and rare earth elements. Over the past five years, the market fr these energy transitin minerals has dubled. By 2040, demand fr such minerals in clean energy technlgies is expected t grw tw t fur times.
Althugh the energy transitin requires mre mining, the ttal amunt f materials needed fr a fully green energy system by 2040 is much lwer than that fr a fssil-fuel based system. Fssil fuels are burned cntinuusly and cannt be recycled. In cntrast, critical minerals are used in lng-lasting equipment and can be recycled at the end f their service life. It is highly imprtant t mine these metals respnsibly.
Cpper is ne metal whse demand will rise sharply. Under the 1.5°C climate gal, annual cpper demand is prjected t grw frm 25 millin tnnes nw t 55.1 millin tnnes in 2050. New supply surces must be develped t clse this gap.
Frtunately, knwn reserves f many critical minerals are gegraphically widespread. Cpper, fr example, is distributed acrss Chile, Peru, China, the United States and ther natins. In the near future, prductin will still depend n traditinal mining cuntries, because pening a new mine usually takes mre than 10 years. Hwever, prcessing capacity can be diversified mre quickly. The US and the EU are building partnerships t strengthen supply chains.
Mining, hwever, brings serius envirnmental and scial risks. It can damage ecsystems, cnsume large amunts f water and prduce harmful waste. Sme mining activities als affect lcal cmmunities and Indigenus Peples’ lands. Mre than 50 percent f the metals needed fr the energy transitin cme frm r near these areas.
T slve these prblems, respnsible mining is necessary. Cmpanies need strng management and clear cmmunicatin with lcal cmmunities. They shuld als fllw internatinal standards such as Twards Sustainable Mining, IRMA and CpperMark. These systems aim t imprve envirnmental prtectin, safety and cmmunity relatins.
Metal users can help by making supply chains mre transparent and supprting recycling and new technlgies. With jint effrts, the energy transitin can be bth sustainable and fair t lcal cmmunities.
9. What is the advantage f critical minerals ver fssil fuels?
A. They are easier t explre and extract.B. They can be recycled after use.
C. They cst less t prduce.D. They are used in larger quantities.
10. Why is it difficult t increase cpper supply quickly?
A. Knwn reserves are running ut.B. Demand is grwing t slwly.
C. Building a new mine takes a lng time.D. Many cuntries refuse t exprt cpper.
11. What prblem des mining bring accrding t the passage?
A. It raises the price f renewable energy.B. It reduces the efficiency f pwer systems.
C. It slws dwn technlgical develpment.D. It harms the envirnment and lcal cmmunities.
12. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A Critical Minerals fr the Energy Transitin.B. Ways t Recycle Used Metals Effectively.
C. Glbal Supply Chains f Renewable Energy.D. Envirnmental Risks f Mining Industry.
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了随着全球向可再生能源转型，对关键矿物和金属的需求大幅增长。关键矿物相比化石燃料具有可回收的优势，但开采面临一些挑战。以铜为例，其需求将急剧上升，虽已知储量分布广泛，但新矿开采耗时较长。同时，采矿会带来环境和社会风险，因此需要负责任地开采，多方共同努力以实现能源转型的可持续性和公平性。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fssil fuels are burned cntinuusly and cannt be recycled. In cntrast, critical minerals are used in lng - lasting equipment and can be recycled at the end f their service life. (化石燃料持续燃烧且无法回收。相比之下，关键矿物用于耐用设备，在其使用寿命结束时可以回收)”可知，关键矿物相对于化石燃料的优势是使用后可以回收。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Frtunately, knwn reserves f many critical minerals are gegraphically widespread. Cpper, fr example, is distributed acrss Chile, Peru, China, the United States and ther natins. In the near future, prductin will still depend n traditinal mining cuntries, because pening a new mine usually takes mre than 10 years.(幸运的是，许多关键矿产的已知储量在地理上分布广泛。例如，铜分布在智利、秘鲁、中国、美国等国家。在不久的将来，生产仍将依赖传统矿产国，因为新开一座矿山通常需要十多年时间。)”可知，快速增加铜供应困难是因为开设新矿需要很长时间。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Mining, hwever, brings serius envirnmental and scial risks. It can damage ecsystems, cnsume large amunts f water and prduce harmful waste. Sme mining activities als affect lcal cmmunities and Indigenus Peples’lands.(然而，采矿带来了严重的环境和社会风险。它会破坏生态系统，消耗大量水资源并产生有害废物。一些采矿活动还会影响当地社区和原住民的土地)”可知，采矿带来的问题是危害环境和当地社区。故选D项。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。主要阐述了随着全球向可再生能源转型，对关键矿物和金属的需求大幅增长。关键矿物相比化石燃料具有可回收的优势，但开采面临一些挑战。以铜为例，其需求将急剧上升，虽已知储量分布广泛，但新矿开采耗时较长。同时，采矿会带来环境和社会风险，因此需要负责任地开采，多方共同努力以实现能源转型的可持续性和公平性。A选项“Critical Minerals fr the Energy Transitin (能源转型中的关键矿物)”为最佳标题，故选A项。
4.（2026·广东汕头·一模）
The cncept f “Carbn Neutrality” has mved frm bardrms t living rms. In 2026, a grassrts mvement called “Prject 30” challenged husehlds t reduce their carbn ftprint by 30% within a year. The results, published in the Jurnal f Sustainable Living, were surprising.
Researchers fund that the mst effective factr wasn’t access t expensive slar panels, but “behaviral nudging.” Families wh received weekly feedback n their energy usage via a smart hme app reduced cnsumptin significantly mre than thse wh simply wned energy-efficient appliances.
Psychlgist Dr. Helen Reid explains: “Peple ften suffer frm ‘invisibility bias.’ If yu can’t see the electricity flwing, yu dn’t think abut wasting it. Making data visible creates accuntability.”
Hwever, the study als highlighted the “Rebund Effect.” Sme participants, prud f their reduced electricity bills, ffset their savings by taking lng-haul flights, negating their previus effrts. “Sustainability is hlistic,” warns Dr. Reid. “Yu can’t green wash yur way t carbn neutrality by fcusing n just ne aspect f yur life.”
13. What was the key finding f “Prject 30”?
A. Expensive technlgy is necessary fr carbn reductin.
B Behaviral feedback is mre effective than hardware alne.
C. Mst husehlds cannt reduce their carbn ftprint.
D. Carbn neutrality is an impssible gal.
14. What des Dr. Reid mean by “invisibility bias”?
A. Peple are blind t the effects f climate change.
B. Peple tend t ignre resurces they cannt physically see.
C. Energy-efficient appliances are ften hidden in hmes.
D. Smart apps are nt visible enugh t users.
15. What is the “Rebund Effect” as described in the text?
A. When peple increase their energy use after buying new appliances.
B. When effrts in ne area are canceled ut by negative actins elsewhere.
C. When carbn reductin prjects fail due t lack f funding.
D. When peple becme t reliant n technlgy.
16. What is the main message f the passage?
A. Only the wealthy can achieve carbn neutrality.
B. Technlgy alne can slve the climate crisis.
C. Sustainable living requires awareness and hlistic lifestyle changes.
D. Gvernment plicies are the nly slutin t carbn emissins.
【答案】13. B 14. B 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2026年“Prject 30”草根运动关于家庭碳减排的研究发现及其启示。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Researchers fund that the mst effective factr wasn’t access t expensive slar panels, but “behaviral nudging.” Families wh received weekly feedback n their energy usage via a smart hme app reduced cnsumptin significantly mre than thse wh simply wned energy-efficient appliances (研究人员发现，最有效的因素并不是使用昂贵的太阳能电池板，而是“行为引导”。通过智能家居应用程序每周收到能源使用反馈的家庭，比那些仅仅拥有节能电器的家庭减少的能耗要多得多)”可知，“Prject 30”的关键发现是行为反馈比单纯的硬件设备更有效。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段Dr. Reid的解释“If yu can’t see the electricity flwing, yu dn’t think abut wasting it (如果你看不到电流流动，你就不会想到浪费它)”可知，“invisibility bias”指的是人们往往忽视那些肉眼无法看到的资源消耗。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Sme participants, prud f their reduced electricity bills, ffset their savings by taking lng-haul flights, negating their previus effrts (一些参与者为自己的电费减少而自豪，却通过长途旅行抵消了节省下来的能耗，使之前的努力付诸东流)”可知，“Rebund Effect”指的是一个领域的努力被其他地方的负面行为所抵消。故选B项。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的句子““Sustainability is hlistic,” warns Dr. Reid. “Yu can't green wash yur way t carbn neutrality by fcusing n just ne aspect f yur life.” (里德博士警告说：“可持续发展是整体性的。你不能只关注生活的一个方面，就用漂绿的方式实现碳中和。”)”可知，文章的主要观点是可持续生活需要意识的提升和整体生活方式的改变。故选C项。
5.（2026·山西晋城·一模）
The streets f Suth Prvidence are lined with apartment buildings and cncrete sidewalks. But alng Pearl Street, ne lt stands ut. It’s green, with nearly 270 trees packed int a 1,000-square-ft lt. Officially called the Pearl Street Garden, it cntains a tiny frest in the middle f the urban area, ffering a sharp cntrast t the surrunding hard surfaces and traffic.
The pcket frests adhere t the “Miyawaki methd” develped in the 1970s, which calls fr planting a wide variety f lcal trees in large numbers and in very tight quarters. With plants packed clse tgether, they bth cllabrate and cmpete fr resurces, racing t reach the sun first. Research shws frests grwn using the Miyawaki methd grw ten times faster than a traditinal landscape planting, allwing envirnmental benefits t appear in a relatively shrt time.
“This isn’t habitat restratin n the scale that is needed in terms f the wrld,” said Jaeq Hall, directr f special prjects at Grundwrk Rhde Island, “but it is a really great way, especially in a city, fr peple t becme in clse tuch with bidiversity.” A 2022 study fund Rhde Island cntains 139 square miles f asphalt (柏油), cncrete, and ther hard surfaces, amunting t 13 percent f its land area. Such cnditins limit access t green space and reduce the natural cling and air-cleaning effects that trees can prvide.
“We’re trying really hard t g back int thse places that have been aggressively paved ver and wrk in little bits f nature t bring thse benefits t mre peple,” Hall said. “Prjects like this received a big bst in funding frm the gvernment. It was a histric mment,” she said, adding that cntinued supprt is needed if micrfrests are t play a lasting rle in making cities healthier and mre envirnmentally friendly.
17. What des the underlined phrase “adhere t” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Fllw clsely,B. Result in.C. Differ frm.D. Imprve gradually.
18. Why are micrfrests valuable in cities?
A. They cnserve bidiversity.B. They address air pllutin.
C. They beautify the envirnment.D. They cnnect peple with nature.
19. What des Hall intend t d in the last paragraph?
A. Deliver a cmplaint.B. Sund a warning.C. Make an appeal.D. Give an explanatin.
20. What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Street Gardens: Famus Tur Spts
B. Miyawaki Methd: A New Planting Way
C. Micrfrests: Green Gifts t Urban Areas
D. Jacq Hall: A Prtectr f Urban Frests
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国罗得岛州南普罗维登斯市利用“宫胁法”在城市狭小地块打造微型森林的案例，阐述了微型森林的建造方法、生长优势及其对城市居民接触自然、改善环境的重要意义。
【17题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“The pcket frests adhere t the ‘Miyawaki methd’ develped in the 1970s, which calls fr planting a wide variety f lcal trees in large numbers and in very tight quarters.(这些袖珍森林紧密adhere t20世纪70年代发明的‘宫胁法’，该方法要求在非常狭小的空间里大量种植各种各样的本地树木)”可知，后文解释了该方法的具体要求，说明袖珍森林是严格遵循这一方法建造的。故选A。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“…but it is a really great way, especially in a city, fr peple t becme in clse tuch with bidiversity.(但这是一种非常好的方式，尤其是在城市里，让人们与生物多样性密切接触)”可知，城市微型森林的价值在于让人们亲近自然。故选D。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ that cntinued supprt is needed if micrfrests are t play a lasting rle in making cities healthier and mre envirnmentally friendly.(她补充说，如果微型森林要在使城市更健康、更环保方面发挥持久作用，就需要持续的支持)”可知，Hall在呼吁政府和社会持续提供支持。故选C。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Officially called the Pearl Street Garden, it cntains a tiny frest in the middle f the urban area, ffering a sharp cntrast t the surrunding hard surfaces and traffic.(它被正式命名为珍珠街花园，在城市中心打造了一片微型森林，与周边硬质路面和车流形成鲜明对比)”、第二段“Research shws frests grwn using the Miyawaki methd grw ten times faster than a traditinal landscape planting, allwing envirnmental benefits t appear in a relatively shrt time(研究表明采用宫胁法种植的森林生长速度是传统绿化的 10 倍，能在短时间内发挥环境效益)”、第三段“…fr peple t becme in clse tuch with bidiversity(让人们亲近生物多样性)”、第四段“bring thse benefits t mre peple(为更多人带来自然益处)”可推知，文章首段引出城市中心的微型森林，第二段介绍建造方法，第三、四段强调其对城市和居民的好处。全文围绕城市微型森林展开。C项“微型森林：为城市地区带来的绿色礼物”为最佳标题，故选 C。
6.（2026·北京延庆·一模）
Few peple can better represent peple’s wnder at the natural wrld than Sir David Attenbrugh, a televisin presenter in his nineties. In recent years, Sir David has been campaigning passinately fr an end t the plastic that his film crews find scattered acrss the planet. “The plastic in ur ceans ught never t have gt there in the first place,” he said. “Much f it perhaps ught nt t have even been manufactured at all.” The first statement is reasnable, but the secnd is nt — fr it disregards the extrardinary benefits that plastics, and the industry which prduces them, have prvided bth t humans and t the envirnment.
Althugh the drawbacks f the wrld’s reliance n plastics are all t apparent, the benefits they prvide, in the frm f reducing waste and cst, are all t easily verlked. While being lighter, mre durable, and cheaper and easier t manufacture, plastics have made pssible a range f new materials. These materials have becme vital in everything frm building t carmaking t cnsumer electrnics.
Plastics have als eased the wrld’s reliance n lder materials, and n the living beings frm which many f them came. There are perhaps 10m pians in the wrld. If all their white keys were made f ivry, hw many elephants wuld remain?
Just as the benefits f plastics are ften unseen, hwever, s are sme ptential harms. The sight f plastic waste ruining beautiful natural areas and harming wildlife used t be ne f the biggest cmplaints against plastics. Nw cncerns grw ver what happens when they break up int micrscpic fragments invisible t the naked eye. In the past decade such “micrplastics” have been fund in fd chains, in human brains and even in the apparently untuched snw f Antarctica.
Being detectable des nt make smething dangerus. It might nly shw hw gd ur instruments in use are. T tackle the pllutin, the best apprach is nt t ban plastics, but t manage them mre carefully. Better recycling technlgies, nw under develpment, are ne part f the answer. The prprtin f plastics which end up being recycled has dubled in the past tw decades, but it is still nly 9%. This is nt because peple d nt care abut the planet, but because recycling is harder and mre cstly than mst peple realise.
Greater use shuld therefre be made f landfill. When prperly managed and well mnitred, this is far less envirnmentally ruinus than ften believed, and can be simpler and mre effective than ineffective recycling. Incineratrs (焚烧), which generate energy and capture carbn, thugh unppular, are a useful ptin t. Regarding plastics, the benefits are very much greater than mst peple will allw — and s is the ptential fr managing the csts.
21. What des the underlined wrd “disregards” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A. Ignres.B. Emphasizes.C. Minimizes.D. Uncvers.
22. What can we learn abut plastics frm the passage?
A. Their main use is fr packaging.
B. They cntribute t wildlife prtectin.
C. Their ptential harms are still unnticed.
D. They are nt dangerus fr being detectable.
23. Abut plastic pllutin management, the authr is ________.
A. in favr f imprved management
B. supprtive f a cmplete ban n plastics
C. cntent that landfill is the effective slutin
D. ptimistic that recycling will slve the prblem
24. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Micrplastics pse hidden threats t ecsystems and humans.
B. Plastics need urgent slutins fr severe envirnmental harm.
C. The benefits f Plastic far utweigh drawbacks despite challenges.
D. Effective waste management is central t reducing plastic pllutin.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了塑料的益处远大于弊端，并强调应更有效地管理塑料污染。
【21题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中““The plastic in ur ceans ught never t have gt there in the first place,” he said. “Much f it perhaps ught nt t have even been manufactured at all.” The first statement is reasnable, but the secnd is nt—fr it disregards the extrardinary benefits that plastics, and the industry which prduces them, have prvided bth t humans and t the envirnment.(他说：“海洋里的塑料本就不该出现在那里。”“其中很多塑料或许根本就不该被生产出来。”第一个说法是合理的，但第二个不是，因为它disregards了塑料及其生产行业给人类和环境带来的巨大好处。)”可知，第二个说法忽视了塑料及其生产行业给人类和环境带来的巨大好处，所以disregards意思是“忽视”。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Plastics have als eased the wrld’s reliance n lder materials, and n the living beings frm which many f them came. There are perhaps 10m pians in the wrld. If all their white keys were made f ivry, hw many elephants wuld remain?(塑料也减轻了世界对旧材料以及许多材料来源的生物的依赖。世界上大约有1000万架钢琴。如果所有的白键都是用象牙做的，那还会剩下多少头大象呢？)”可知，塑料有助于保护野生动物。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“T tackle the pllutin, the best apprach is nt t ban plastics, but t manage them mre carefully.(为了解决污染问题，最好的方法不是禁止使用塑料，而是更仔细地管理它们)”可知，作者支持改善管理来解决塑料污染问题。故选A。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“The first statement is reasnable, but the secnd is nt — fr it disregards the extrardinary benefits that plastics, and the industry which prduces them, have prvided bth t humans and t the envirnment.(第一个说法是合理的，但第二个不是，因为它忽视了塑料及其生产行业给人类和环境带来的巨大好处)”以及最后一段中“Regarding plastics, the benefits are very much greater than mst peple will allw — and s is the ptential fr managing the csts.(对于塑料来说，其好处远远超过大多数人所承认的，管理成本的可能性也是如此)”可知，文章主要讲述了尽管塑料存在污染问题，但其益处远超弊端，应加强管理而非禁用。故选C。
7.（2026·安徽马鞍山·一模）
Ever since the US-based Natinal Biscuit Cmpany launched the first branded cnsumer package in 1899 — putting its Uneeda sda crackers (苏打饼干) in paper inside a cardbard bx — brands have seen packaging as a marketing tl. Frm the 1950s nwards, as cmpanies increasingly switched t using plastic, cmpetitin intensified and packaging became the best way t signal a distinct identity.
But as brands added a grwing variety f pigments (色素), materials, and ther cmplexities, the already unstable ecnmics f plastics recycling cllapsed. Just 10 percent f plastic packaging is recycled glbally. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains limited.
Standardizatin culd dramatically imprve things. If prduct categries fllwed unifrm guidelines fr plastic type, clr, labels and glues, recyclers culd cheaply recver far mre materials. This culd finally make recycling ecnmically practical and help achieve the dream f “circularity”, in which a new fr bttle is made frm an ld ne.
The case fr standardized reuse systems is equally persuasive. Tday, the few brands experimenting with reuse mstly use different cntainers. These need individual return pints alngside custm washing equipment and quality checks, which increase expense and cmplexity while reducing cnvenience. Reuse systems based n standardized packaging and shared infrastructure (基础设施) culd capture 40 percent f the market, cmpared with 2 percent under a nn-standardized apprach, accrding t the Ellen MacArthur Fundatin.
Admittedly, it is hard t imagine rivals like Prcter & Gamble and Unilever vluntarily agreeing t put their shamp in the same-clred bttles. But as data munts abut the billins f dllars lst each year frm single-use plastics that are burned r landfilled — and research reveals mre abut the health risks linked t thusands f prly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their crner is harder t defend. Legally, it culd be argued that the damage caused by custm packaging utweighs any harms caused t brands frm standardized cntainers.
Similar plastic bttles wn’t slve everything, f curse. But such changes increasingly lk like gd business sense. Withut them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.
25. Hw des the authr present the issue at the beginning f the text?
A. By analyzing figures.B. By defining a cncept.C. By telling the histry.D. By making cmparisns.
26. What benefit culd reuse systems in frm standardized packaging?
A. Expanding the market share.B. Increasing the cmplexity.
C. Bsting the cnsumer appeal.D. Winning ecnmic supprt.
27. What can be inferred abut the brands mentined in paragraph 5?
A. They spend s much in recycling.B. They face multiple pressures.
C. They wrk in clse cllabratin.D. They fllw the fashin clsely.
28. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Slutins t Plastic WasteB. Csts f Plastic Prductin
C. Careful Design, Regular CustmerD. Shared Design, Cyclic Future
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是塑料包装的回收与再利用问题，以及标准化包装在推动循环经济中的关键作用。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Ever since the US-based Natinal Biscuit Cmpany launched the first branded cnsumer package in1899 — putting its Uneeda sda crackers (苏打饼干) in paper inside a cardbard bx—brands have seen packaging as a marketing tl. Frm the 1950s nwards, as cmpanies increasingly switched t using plastic, cmpetitin intensified and packaging became the best way t signal a distinct identity.(自1899年美国国家饼干公司推出首个品牌消费品包装——将优尼达苏打饼干装入纸盒内的纸质包装中以来，品牌方一直将包装视为一种营销工具。从20世纪50年代起，随着企业越来越多地改用塑料，竞争日益激烈，包装成为彰显独特身份的最佳方式。)”可知，文章开头通过讲述美国国家饼干公司自1899年推出第一个品牌消费品包装以来的历史，引出了包装作为营销工具的话题，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Reuse systems based n standardized packaging and shared infrastructure (基础设施) culd capture 40 percent f the market, cmpared with 2 percent under a nn-standardized apprach, accrding t the Ellen MacArthur Fundatin.(根据艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会的数据，基于标准化包装和共享基础设施的再利用系统可占据40%的市场份额，而采用非标准化方法的仅占2%。)”可知，采用标准化包装的再利用系统能带来的好处是扩大市场份额。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Admittedly, it is hard t imagine rivals like Prcter & Gamble and Unilever vluntarily agreeing t put their shamp in the same-clred bttles. But as data munts abut the billins f dllars lst each year frm single-use plastics that are burned r landfilled — and research reveals mre abut the health risks linked t thusands f prly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their crner is harder t defend. Legally, it culd be argued that the damage caused by custm packaging utweighs any harms caused t brands frm standardized cntainers.(诚然，很难想象宝洁和联合利华等竞争对手会自愿同意将他们的洗发水装入相同颜色的瓶子中。但是，随着数据不断显示，每年因焚烧或填埋一次性塑料而损失数十亿美元，且研究揭示了塑料中数千种研究不足的化学物质与健康风险之间的更多联系，品牌方可能会发现他们的立场越来越难以捍卫。从法律角度讲，可以认为定制包装造成的损害超过了标准化容器对品牌造成的任何损害。)”可知，从第五段中提到的品牌可以推断出这些品牌面临多重压力。故选B。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Standardizatin culd dramatically imprve things. If prduct categries fllwed unifrm guidelines fr plastic type, clr, labels and glues, recyclers culd cheaply recver far mre materials. This culd finally make recycling ecnmically practical and help achieve the dream f “circularity”, in which a new fr bttle is made frm an ld ne.(标准化能够大幅改善这一状况。如果各类产品遵循统一的塑料类型、颜色、标签和胶水使用规范，回收商就能以较低成本回收更多材料。这最终将使回收在经济上变得切实可行，并有助于实现“循环性”的梦想，即用旧瓶子制造新瓶子。)”可知，本文主要讲的是塑料包装的回收与再利用问题，以及标准化包装在推动循环经济中的关键作用，因此最好的标题是D选项“Shared Design, Cyclic Future(共享设计，循环未来)”。故选D。
8.（2026·山东青岛·一模）
Rise with the sun and rest at sunset — his was the way f life fr ur ancestrs. Thanks t artificial light, which imprves visibility at night, we can enjy a much safer sciety and arund-the-clck prductivity. Fr wildlife, hwever, studies have shwn it disturbs animals’ natural sleep cycles, affects amphibian (两栖类的) reprductin and thrws migrating birds ff curse.
New research in Frntiers in Plant Science investigated hw artificial light impacts plant-insect relatinships. Researchers frm Chinese Academy f Sciences nticed tree leaves in cities typically shwed fewer signs f insect damage than thse utside f cities, s they analyzed 5,500 leaf samples frm tw tree species thrughut Beijing. Researchers fund mre artificial light in a given area meant tugher leaves. And the tugher the leaf, the less evidence f hungry insects. They dn’t fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at night might be extending their phtsynthesis (光合作用) time.
“Plants distribute their limited resurces, such as nutrients, water and energy, amng varius functins like grwth, reprductin and defense, depending n the envirnment. Light can affect hw plants use resurces,” says Ellen Cieraad, a plant eclgist frm New Zealand. “Since plants use light fr grwth, artificial night light culd be unnaturally increasing the time trees spend n phtsynthesis, allcating mre resurces t chemical cmpunds that make leaves tugher.”
Changes in plants, and in interactins between plants and animals, can significantly impact the entire urban ecsystem. Herbivrus insects, which rely n leaves fr fd, may struggle t survive, thus breaking the fd chain. Fewer herbivrus insects culd lead t declines in predatrs like birds, affecting bidiversity. Insects als act as pllinatrs (传粉媒介) and eat dying plants, supprting healthy sil and plant life that benefit humans, as plants prvide shade and reduce heat trapped in cities.
Mving frward, researchers are cmmitted t refining their discvery, aiming t guide peple t take crrespnding actins. They will cperate with urban planners t take effective measures, like applying special devices t lights, t establish practical guidelines fr cities t balance lighting and eclgical health.
29 . What influence des artificial light bring accrding t the text?
A. It hardens tree leaves.
B. It shrtens animals’ sleep hurs.
C. It lights up birds’ migrating rutes.
D. It increases amphibian reprductin rates.
30. Why is Ellen Cieraad quted in paragraph 3?
A. T raise a cncern.
B. T intrduce a cncept.
C. T supprt an assumptin.
D. T clarify a misunderstanding.
31. Which f the fllwing best summarizes the phenmenn in paragraph 4?
A. Time heals all wunds.
B. Nature always finds a way.
C. A chain is as strng as its weakest link.
D. A small mve may affect the bigger picture.
32. What will the fllwing research prbably fcus n?
A. Enhancing sil quality.
B. Imprving urban bidiversity.
C. Selecting plant species in cities.
D. Reducing impacts f nighttime light.
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. D 32. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工光除了给人类生活带来便利外，还会干扰野生动物的生存、改变城市植物的特性，进而影响整个城市生态系统，研究人员也正致力于研究相关应对措施以平衡城市照明与生态健康。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers fund mre artificial light in a given area meant tugher leaves.(研究人员发现，某一区域的人工光越多，树叶的质地就越坚硬)”可知，人工光会让树叶变得坚硬，这是人工光带来的影响之一。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They dn’t fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at night might be extending their phtsynthesis time.(他们并不完全清楚原因，但推测夜间处于人工光下的树木可能会延长其光合作用的时间)”以及第三段中Ellen Cieraad的表述“Plants distribute their limited resurces, such as nutrients, water and energy, amng varius functins like grwth, reprductin and defense, depending n the envirnment. Light can affect hw plants use resurces(植物会根据环境，在生长、繁殖和防御等各种功能之间分配其有限的资源，如养分、水和能量。光照会影响植物如何利用这些资源)”可知，Ellen Cieraad从植物资源分配和光对植物生长影响的角度，解释了人工光为何会让树叶变硬，印证了研究人员的这一推测，引用她的话是为了支持研究人员的假设。故选C。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Changes in plants, and in interactins between plants and animals, can significantly impact the entire urban ecsystem.(植物的变化以及动植物间相互作用的改变，会对整个城市生态系统产生重大影响)”可知，本段核心讲述了植物的微小变化会引发连锁反应，进而影响整个城市生态这一现象。D项（微小的举动可能会影响全局）恰好概括了这一核心内容。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Mving frward, researchers are cmmitted t refining their discvery, aiming t guide peple t take crrespnding actins. They will cperate with urban planners t take effective measures, like applying special devices t lights, t establish practical guidelines fr cities t balance lighting and eclgical health.(未来，研究人员将致力于完善他们的研究发现，旨在引导人们采取相应的行动。他们将与城市规划者合作，采取有效措施，比如为灯具加装特殊装置，为城市制定平衡照明与生态健康的实用指南)”可知，研究人员后续会采取措施减少夜间人工光对生态的影响，因此接下来的研究可能会聚焦于降低夜间灯光的影响。故选D。
9.（2026·广东华侨港澳台·一模）
Yesterday, at the Natinal Trust’s Purbeck Heaths nature reserve, fur beavers were released frm crates and crawled int Little Sea, a 33-hectare (81-acre) lake — the first t be legally released in England after a 400-year absence and a fight t return them t the landscape.
The trust says this is the perfect habitat fr them t ram free, with n fenced enclsures, full f lakes and watercurses fr the beavers (海狸) t make their hme. The trust has permissin t release 25 n the peninsula (半岛) but is starting with fur and then making mre releases in cming years if this ne ges well.
Until abut 20 years ag, the rdent (啮齿动物) had been extinct in Britain fr fur centuries, having been hunted fr its fur, meat and scent il. But in recent years, beavers have been returning t ur waterways via licensed releases int enclsures and sme illegal releases. There are an estimated 500 in the wild in England. Last week, the gvernment annunced that, with a license, it is nw legal fr cnservatinists (自然保护主义者) t release beavers int the wild, with n enclsures necessary. “The prblem with enclsures is they are nly really a shrt-term slutin, as after a cuple f years the beavers have need t make their wn territries, and there’s n space fr them t g.” said David Brwn, the Natinal Trust’s nature directr at Purbeck.
Cnservatinists have been campaigning fr the return f the beaver fr decades because it is a keystne species, whse presence allws ther creatures t thrive. This is because beavers create cmplex wetland habitats by digging channels and pls and cnstructing leaky dams. Their dams als filter pllutin, helping t clean up rivers, and can prevent flding as well as drught.
The trust has wrked with lcal farmers and landwners t ensure the beavers d nt cause unwanted disruptin. Purbeck hpes it will spur year-rund nature turism as peple cme t see the beavers and the habitat they create. “We have been seeing a shift away frm bucket-and-spade turism t nature turism, and that is mre sustainable,” Brwn said.
The nature minister, Mary Creagh, was there t watch the release. She said: “I am thrilled that, after being hunted t extinctin centuries ag, wild beavers are finally here t stay. Tday is an imprtant milestne fr natinal nature recvery.”
33. What is the current plan fr releasing beavers in the Purbeck Heaths nature reserve?
A. T release all 25 beavers at nce.
B. T start with fur beavers and release mre in the future if successful.
C. T release beavers nly int fenced enclsures.
D. T release beavers withut any legal permissin.
34. Why are enclsures cnsidered a shrt-term slutin fr beavers?
A. Because beavers need t create their wn territries and enclsures limit their space.
B. Because enclsures are t expensive t maintain.
C. Because beavers d nt survive well in enclsures.
D. Because enclsures are illegal in England.
35. What aspect f the beavers d cnservatinists highlight?
A. Their ppularity amng turists.
B. Their capability f cnstructing dams.
C. Their adaptability t the envirnment.
D. Their impact n the ecsystem.
36. What is the verall attitude f the Natinal Trust and the nature minister twards the release f beavers?
A. They are indifferent and see it as a minr event.
B. They are cncerned abut the ptential disruptin t lcal farmers.
C. They are enthusiastic and view it as a significant step fr nature recvery and sustainable turism.
D. They are skeptical abut the lng-term success f the beaver release.
【答案】33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C
【解析】
【导语】这篇文章是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了在英国普贝克希思自然保护区，国家信托基金会在获得许可后，将海狸重新引入野外的过程，阐述了海狸作为关键物种对生态环境的积极影响，以及各方对此举措的态度。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The trust has permissin t release 25 n the peninsula (半岛) but is starting with fur and then making mre releases in cming years if this ne ges well. (该信托基金获准在半岛上释放25只海狸，但计划先放生4只，如果这次进展顺利，未来几年会放生更多。)”可知，目前的计划是先从4只开始，如果成功再放生更多。故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句““The prblem with enclsures is they are nly really a shrt-term slutin, as after a cuple f years the beavers have need t make their wn territries, and there’s n space fr them t g.” said David Brwn, the Natinal Trust’s nature directr at Purbeck. (国家信托基金会在普贝克地区的自然事务负责人大卫·布朗（David Brwn）说：“围栏的问题在于它们实际上只是一个短期的解决方案，因为几年后海狸需要建立自己的领地，但它们没有空间可去。”)”可知，围栏被认为是短期解决方案，是因为几年后海狸需要建立自己的领地，但围栏限制了它们的活动空间。故选A项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Their dams als filter pllutin, helping t clean up rivers, and can prevent flding as well as drught. (它们建造的水坝还能过滤污染物，有助于净化河流，并且可以起到防洪抗旱的作用。)”可知，海狸建造的水坝有过滤污染物、净化河流、有助于防洪抗旱，这些都属于它们对生态系统的影响，是自然保护主义者重点强调的。故选D项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Purbeck hpes it will spur year-rund nature turism as peple cme t see the beavers and the habitat they create. “We have been seeing a shift away frm bucket-and-spade turism t nature turism, and that is mre sustainable,” Brwn said. (普贝克地区希望这将促进全年性的自然旅游，因为人们会前来观赏海狸以及它们所创造的栖息地。“我们能看到一种转变，从‘桶铲式’旅游转向自然旅游，而且这种旅游方式更具可持续性，”布朗说道。)”以及第六段最后一句“Tday is an imprtant milestne fr natinal nature recvery. (今天是国家自然恢复进程中的一个重要里程碑。)”可知，国家信托基金希望通过放生海狸能促进全年自然旅游，并且认为这是一种具有可持续性的旅游方式；自然部长将此事称之为重要里程碑。这都表明他们对海狸放生持热情态度，并将其视为自然恢复和可持续旅游的重要一步。故选C项。
9.（2026·广东江门·一模）
Fr t lng, we have held a narrw and biased view f nature, seeing it as smething separate frm ur urban lives — smething t be visited in natural parks r distant wilderness. We pass by the mss in a crack r the algae in a gutter (水沟) with indifference, even disgust. Hwever, cities are nt empty f life but are unique, lively ecsystems, and recgnizing this shuld allw us t redefine what it means t be a naturalist in the mdern wrld.
Within rdinary urban landscapes, life displays extrardinary tughness and creativity. Plants and micrrganisms nt nly survive but grw well in the heat and pllutin f city gutters. Urban animals have als develped smart behavirs: Japanese crws use cars t crack nuts, and Australian cckats pen trash bins fr fd. Furthermre, cities drive physical changes in their residents. Sme lizards have develped stickier feet t better hld n smth man-made surfaces. This cncrete “jungle” is thus nt a bilgical desert but a dynamic, human-made ecsystem, representing a fascinating new chapter in the stry f life n ur planet.
Therefre, the ld image f a naturalist — a prfessinal in remte wilds — is utdated. Academic papers and nline curses make bilgy and eclgy prcurable t everyne. Cmmunity labs and nature clubs enable rdinary peple t d research with micrscpes and ther simple tls. When we accept the city as a real ecsystem, we allw everyne t becme a “cmmunity scientist”.
Fr thse feeling discnnected frm nature in cities, there’s a new way: just stay curius and ntice the ignred eclgical crners, and city life may be filled with new surprises and jys. Yu dn’t need t be a prfessinal scientist — anyne can be a naturalist-explrer in the urban wilderness.
37. What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in Paragraph 1?
A. Naturalists need prfessinal training.B. City residents verlk nearby nature.
C. Peple favr wilderness ver urban life.D. Eclgists redefine biased nature cncepts.
38. Hw des the authr shw cities are lively ecsystems?
A. By criticizing current pinins.B. By suggesting new research findings.
C. By giving examples f rganism adaptatin.D. By cmparing bidiversity frm different habitats.
39. What des the underlined wrd “prcurable” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Suitable.B. Cmfrtable.C. Reasnable.D. Accessible.
40. What idea des the authr aim t challenge in the passage?
A. Naturalists are limited t prfessinals.
B. Evlutin mainly exists in wild nature.
C. Urbanizatin damages the envirnment.
D. City hlds a distinct and dynamic eclgy.
【答案】37. 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章挑战了将自然与城市生活割裂的传统观念，指出城市本身就是充满活力的生态系统，并主张每个人都可以成为城市中的“自然主义者”。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fr t lng, we have held a narrw and biased view f nature, seeing it as smething separate frm ur urban lives — smething t be visited in natural parks r distant wilderness. We pass by the mss in a crack r the algae in a gutter (水沟) with indifference, even disgust. (长期以来，我们对自然持有狭隘且有偏见的看法，将其视为与我们城市生活分离的东西——是在自然公园或遥远荒野中才能看到的东西。我们对裂缝中的苔藓或水沟里的藻类漠不关心，甚至厌恶)”可知，作者在第一段指出的现象是城市居民将自然视为与城市生活分离的东西，忽视身边的大自然。故选B项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Plants and micrrganisms nt nly survive but grw well in the heat and pllutin f city gutters. Urban animals have als develped smart behavirs: Japanese crws use cars t crack nuts, and Australian cckats pen trash bins fr fd. Furthermre, cities drive physical changes in their residents. Sme lizards have develped stickier feet t better hld n smth man-made surfaces. This cncrete “jungle” is thus nt a bilgical desert but a dynamic, human-made ecsystem, representing a fascinating new chapter in the stry f life n ur planet. (植物和微生物不仅在城市水沟的高温和污染中生存，而且生长良好。城市动物也发展出了聪明的行为：日本的乌鸦利用汽车来敲开坚果，澳大利亚的凤头鹦鹉会打开垃圾箱寻找食物。此外，城市还推动了其居民的身体变化。一些蜥蜴进化出了粘性更强的脚，以便更好地抓握光滑的人造表面。这片钢筋水泥的‌“丛林”并非生态荒漠，而是一个充满活力的人造生态系统，正书写着地球生命故事中一个引人入胜的新篇章)”可知，作者通过举例说明生物在城市的适应能力来展示城市是充满活力的生态系统。故选C项。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Academic papers and nline curses make bilgy and eclgy prcurable t everyne. (学术论文和在线课程使生物学和生态学对每个人来说都prcurable)”以及后文“Cmmunity labs and nature clubs enable rdinary peple t d research with micrscpes and ther simple tls. (社区实验室和自然俱乐部让普通人能够使用显微镜和其他简单工具进行研究)”可推知，这些资源让生物学和生态学变得“可获得的”或“易于接触的”。故划线词意为“可获得的”，与“Accessible”同义。故选D项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Therefre, the ld image f a naturalist — a prfessinal in remte wilds — is utdated. (因此，自然主义者的旧有形象——一个在遥远荒野工作的专业人士——已经过时了)”以及最后一段“Yu dn’t need t be a prfessinal scientist — anyne can be a naturalist-explrer in the urban wilderness. (你不需要成为专业的科学家——任何人都可以成为城市荒野中的自然主义探险家)”可知，作者旨在挑战“自然主义者仅限于专业人士”这一观念。故选A项。
10.（2026·安徽铜陵·一模）
Cuntless thusands f city dwellers in Britain and elsewhere have, in the past tw years, becme acutely aware f the green spaces in their midst. Indeed, many peple nly discvered them during lckdwns, when escaping t the great utdrs was a vital factr in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing.
Many suth Lndners wh have fund slace in nature we thanks t campaigners wh, ver the past 40 years and mre, have put pressure n lcal and natinal bdies t prtect precius green space. Althugh it is hard t envisage tday, until the end f the 18th century extensive ak wdlands stretched fr sme seven miles acrss what is nw suburban suth Lndn. What remains f them is the nearest ancient wdland t central Lndn.
Ancient wdland, as defined by the gvernment agency Natural England, is land n which the tree cver has been in cntinuus existence since 1600; befre that date, plantatin was rare, s wds that existed in 1600 are cnsidered t have develped naturally. Accrding t the Wdland Trust, ancient wdland cvers just 2.5 per cent f the land area f England and Wales.
The Ancient Wdland Inventry, set up by the Nature Cnservancy Cuncil in 1981 and maintained by Natural England, says sme 7 per cent f ancient wdland that was present in 1930 has been grubbed up fr farming r ther uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantatins, ften f single-species cnifers that ffer little diversity f habitat.
The reasns the ld Nrth Wd survived fr s lng when surrunding areas were cnverted t farmland was that the steep terrain was unsuitable fr arable r pasture, and because it lay n the sparsely ppulated margins f several parishes. It was als a valuable ecnmic resurce: fr at least a millennium, the wd was intensely cultivated t prvide timber, fr furniture, tls and shipbuilding and charcal fr Lndn’s blacksmiths, bakeries and brick and tilekilns.
41. Why did campaigners put pressure n lcal and natinal bdies accrding t the secnd paragraph?​
A. T demand mre gyms fr public exercise.
B. T prtect existing green spaces frm destructin.
C. T request pen spaces fr planting new vegetatin.
D. T prmte the develpment f suburban husing.
42. What des the underlined phrase “grubbed up” in Paragraph 4 mst likely mean?​
A. Use up natural resurces.
B. Dig ut and remve cmpletely.
C. Take up quickly fr develpment.
D. Preserve carefully fr the future.
43. What can be inferred frm the passage?​
A. British peple have lng been aware f the imprtance f green space prtectin.
B. The ancient wdland nearest t central Lndn is entirely made up f cnifers.
C. The replacement f ancient wdland with single-species plantatins has harmed habitat diversity.
D. Only 7% f ancient wdland present in 1930 remains tday.
44. Why did the ld Nrth Wd survive fr s lng accrding t the passage?​
A. Its steep land was unsuitable fr farming r animal grazing.
B. It was lcated in a densely ppulated and well-prtected area.
C. The gvernment had listed it as a prtected area very early.
D. Lcal residents jintly prevented any external develpment.
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. C 44. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍伦敦南部古林地的现状、定义及北古林幸存原因，凸显古林地保护的重要性。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many suth Lndners wh have fund slace in nature we thanks t campaigners wh, ver the past 40 years and mre, have put pressure n lcal and natinal bdies t prtect precius green space.(许多在大自然中寻求慰藉的伦敦南部居民要感谢活动家们，他们在过去40多年里一直向地方和国家机构施压，要求保护珍贵的绿地)”可知，活动家向地方和国家机构施压是为了保护现有的绿地不被破坏。故选B项。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“The Ancient Wdland Inventry, set up by the Nature Cnservancy Cuncil in 1981 and maintained by Natural England, says sme 7 per cent f ancient wdland that was present in 1930 has been grubbed up fr farming r ther uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantatins, ften f single-species cnifers that ffer little diversity f habitat.(这份由自然保护委员会于 1981 年设立、并由英格兰自然署负责维护的《古林地清单》显示，1930 年存在的古林地中，约有 7% 已被grubbed up用于农业或其他用途，38% 则被人工林取代——这些人工林通常为单一物种的针叶林，几乎无法提供多样化的栖息地)”可知，此处与“被替换为种植园”并列，应是古林地被破坏的一种情况，结合“用于农业或其他用途”可猜测，grubbed up意为“彻底挖掘移除”，与Dig ut and remve cmpletely意思相近。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The Ancient Wdland Inventry, set up by the Nature Cnservancy Cuncil in 1981 and maintained by Natural England, says sme 7 per cent f ancient wdland that was present in 1930 has been grubbed up fr farming r ther uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantatins, ften f single-species cnifers that ffer little diversity f habitat.(这份由自然保护委员会于 1981 年设立、并由英格兰自然署负责维护的《古林地清单》显示，1930 年存在的古林地中，约有 7% 已被彻底清理用于农业或其他用途，38% 则被人工林取代——这些人工林通常为单一物种的针叶林，几乎无法提供多样化的栖息地)””可推断，用单一物种种植园替代古林地损害了栖息地的多样性。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The reasns the ld Nrth Wd survived fr s lng when surrunding areas were cnverted t farmland was that the steep terrain was unsuitable fr arable r pasture, and because it lay n the sparsely ppulated margins f several parishes.(在周边地区都被改造成农田的情况下，这片古老的北木森林之所以能存续如此之久，原因在于其地势陡峭，不适合耕种或放牧，同时也因为它地处多个教区人口稀少的边缘地带)”可知，北古林能长期幸存是因为其陡峭的土地不适合耕种或放牧。故选A项。
11.（2026·河北张家口·一模）
What if there were a technlgy that culd help t reduce greenhuse-gas emissins (排放), air pllutin and envirnmental degradatin, while imprving health, reducing scial inequality and bsting ecnmic grwth? There is, and in January 2026, it just turned 200.
Accrding t the Internatinal Energy Agency, transprt currently accunts fr arund ne-quarter f glbal CO2 emissins. Per passenger-kilmetre, rail transprt prduces ne-fifth f the emissins f car transprt, and less than ne-quarter f thse f flying. Direct emissins can be cut t zer if trains are pwered by fully renewable electricity.
Rail transprt als prduces few air-plluting small particles (颗粒), which are harmful t health. This is particularly imprtant in a wrld where cities are grwing rapidly. Better public transprt systems based n rail culd help t reduce the unrdered expansin f cities, as well as the land needed fr rads, car parks and ther car-related facilities. Cities with fewer cars and traffic jams are mre liveable places where peple are mre willing t walk and cycle, btaining the health benefits f these activities. They are als mre inclusive, particularly fr yunger and lder peple wh are less likely t wn a vehicle.
But it is nt just cities. The United Kingdm is the birth place f the railways, but the cuntry als ffers an example f the effects disinvestment in railways can have. A 2024 study examined a sustained prgramme f cuts made t the natin’s railway netwrk frm the 1950s t the 1980s. It fund that the rural areas mst affected by the cuts saw ppulatin declines, jb lsses and drps in the number f skilled wrkers, relative t areas that were unaffected.
Despite its benefits, since the mid-twentieth century, railway develpment in mst cuntries has been vertaken by grwth in rad and air travel. As railways travel int their third century, it’s time t turn the tables. Research frm acrss disciplines — including engineering, envirnmental science and urban planning — can help achieve a much-needed cmeback f railways.
45. Why des the authr ask the questin in paragraph 1?
A. T highlight the benefits f rail transprt.
B. T clarify the urgency f envirnmental prblems.
C. T explain the histry f technlgy develpment.
D. T present the great ptentials f ecnmic develpment.
46. What des the authr try t illustrate by the figures in paragraph 2?
A. Rail transprt causes less pllutin.
B. Mst peple prefer t travel by plane.
C. Renewable electricity is badly needed.
D. Transprt cnsumes mst glbal energy.
47. What impact did the UK’s railway cuts have n badly affected rural areas?
A. Failure in transprt investment.B. Decline in peple’s living space.
C Lw-efficiency railway netwrk.D. Sci-ecnmic dwnturn.
48. What will be talked abut next?
A. Why plicies are significant.B. Why varius research is crucial.
C. Why railways are mre sustainable.D. Why ecnmic grwth is unstppable.
【答案】45. A 46. A 47. D 48. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述铁路运输益处众多，可减少污染、改善健康等，但发展滞后，多学科研究助力其实现复兴。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“What if there were a technlgy that culd help t reduce greenhuse-gas emissins (排放), air pllutin and envirnmental degradatin, while imprving health, reducing scial inequality and bsting ecnmic grwth? There is, and in January 2026, it just turned 200.(如果有一项技术既能帮助减少温室气体排放、空气污染和环境恶化，又能改善健康、减少社会不平等并促进经济增长，会怎么样？确实存在这样一项技术，并且在2026年1月，它刚刚迎来200周年。)”可知，作者提出该问题是为了突出铁路运输的诸多益处。故选A项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Accrding t the Internatinal Energy Agency, transprt currently accunts fr arund ne-quarter f glbal CO2 emissins. Per passenger-kilmetre, rail transprt prduces ne-fifth f the emissins f car transprt, and less than ne-quarter f thse f flying.(据国际能源署称，交通运输目前约占全球二氧化碳排放量的四分之一。按每乘客公里计算，铁路运输的排放量是汽车运输的五分之一，不到航空运输的四分之一。)”可知，作者用这些数据是为了说明铁路运输污染更小。故选A项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“It fund that the rural areas mst affected by the cuts saw ppulatin declines, jb lsses and drps in the number f skilled wrkers, relative t areas that were unaffected.(研究发现，与未受影响的地区相比，受削减措施影响最严重的农村地区出现了人口减少、失业以及技术工人数量下降的情况。)”可知，英国铁路削减导致相关农村地区社会经济下滑。故选D项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Research frm acrss disciplines — including engineering, envirnmental science and urban planning — can help achieve a much-needed cmeback f railways.(包括工程学、环境科学和城市规划在内的多学科研究有助于实现铁路亟需的复兴。)” 可知，接下来文章会谈论为什么各类研究至关重要。故选B项。
12.（2026·河南五市·一模）
On a quiet street in Bangkk, a shp wner watches water rise thrugh her flr fr the third time this year. She simply mves her gds t the secnd flr and waits. Fur blcks away, a newly built park is ding smething strange — it’s designed t fld.
This is nt failure. This is adaptatin.
Fr mre than a century, cities treated water as the enemy t be defeated. Engineers built higher walls, strnger pumps (泵) and deeper channels. The enemy metaphr ran deep: We “fight” flds, “battle” rising seas and strm surges. And fr a while, it wrked, r seemed t.
Then came the strms that brke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flded 51 square kilmeters f New Yrk City in 2012. In 2021, flds in Germany killed mre than 180 peple despite advanced warning systems. The cncrete defenses, perfected ver generatins, were failing in plain sight.
What these events expsed was nt a prblem in engineering, but a prblem in thinking. Yu cannt defeat water; yu can nly delay it. And delay is nt a strategy.
Nt with a bang, but with a rethink. In Cpenhagen, after a 2011 fld caused nearly a billin dllars in damage, city planners didn’t just rebuild — they redesigned. A new park called Tasinge Plads nw serves as a public square when dry and a retentin pnd (蓄水池) when rains cme. Children play n equipment that dubles as water strage. The enemy has becme a neighbr.
The mst telling change may be happening in the Netherlands, a cuntry that literally built itself n the idea f defeating water. Hwever, the Rm fr the River prgram, begun in 2007, has dne smething uncnventinal: it mved dikes (堤坝) back, lwered fldplains, and gave rivers rm t breathe. When water rises nw, it flws where it’s meant t g.
Back in Bangkk, the shp wner knws smething that city engineers are nly beginning t learn. Water desn’t need t be fught. It needs t be expected.
The ld questin was: Hw high can we build the wall?
The new questin is: What can we build that water can live with?
49. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By describing a scene.B. By presenting a cmparisn.
C. By citing a shp wner.D. By explaining a phenmenn.
50. What des the authr try t illustrate in paragraph 4?
A. The incnvenience f cncrete defenses.
B. The severity f natural disasters wrldwide.
C. The shrtage f advanced warning systems.
D. The ineffectiveness f ld fld cntrl ways.
51. What is Netherlands’ water management like accrding t the text?
A. Cautius and flexible.B. Ecnmical and reliable.
C. Innvative and reasnable.D. Efficient and systematic.
52. What d the tw questins at the end f the text mainly shw?
A. The necessity f cnstructin.B. The imprtance f engineering.
C. The transfrmatin in cncepts.D. The truble in slving prblems.
【答案】49. A 50. D 51. C 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了面对洪水，城市从对抗到适应的思维转变。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“On a quiet street in Bangkk, a shp wner watches water rise thrugh her flr fr the third time this year. She simply mves her gds t the secnd flr and waits. Fur blcks away, a newly built park is ding smething strange — it’s designed t fld.(在曼谷一条安静的街道上，一位店主看着水今年第三次漫过她的地板。她只是把货物搬到二楼等着。四个街区外，一个新建的公园正在做一些奇怪的事情——它是为洪水而设计的。)”可知，作者通过描述一个场景来呈现问题。故选A。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then came the strms that brke the walls. Hurricane Sandy flded 51 square kilmeters f New Yrk City in 2012. In 2021, flds in Germany killed mre than 180 peple despite advanced warning systems. The cncrete defenses, perfected ver generatins, were failing in plain sight.(接着是打破墙壁的风暴。2012年，飓风桑迪淹没了纽约市51平方公里的土地。2021年，尽管有先进的预警系统，德国的洪水仍造成180多人死亡。经过几代人完善的混凝土防御工事，在众目睽睽之下失败了。)”可知，作者试图在第4段说明旧的防洪方法无效。故选D。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“Hwever, the Rm fr the River prgram, begun in 2007, has dne smething uncnventinal: it mved dikes (堤坝) back, lwered fldplains, and gave rivers rm t breathe. When water rises nw, it flws where it’s meant t g.(然而，2007年开始的“为河流腾出空间”项目却做了一些非传统的事情：它将堤坝向后移动，降低了洪泛平原的高度，为河流提供了呼吸的空间。现在，当水位上升时，它会流向它该去的地方。)”可知，荷兰的水管理是创新和合理的。故选C。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Back in Bangkk, the shp wner knws smething that city engineers are nly beginning t learn. Water desn’t need t be fught. It needs t be expected.(回到曼谷，店主知道一些城市工程师才刚刚开始学习的东西。水不需要与之斗争。需要的是预期。)”以及倒数第二段“The ld questin was: Hw high can we build the wall?(旧的问题是：我们的墙能建多高？)”、最后一段“The new questin is: What can we build that water can live with?(新的问题是：我们能建造什么让水可以与之共存的东西？)”可知，文章最后提出的两个问题主要说明了概念的转变。故选C。
13.（2026·河南周口·一模）
Micrbats culd be regarded as nature’s frgtten superheres. These tiny creatures can cnsume insects up t half their bdy weight in a single night, helping t cntrl msquit numbers and prtect agricultural crps. Yet urbanizatin has brught significant changes t their living cnditins. Husing develpment and vegetatin lss have reduced their feeding and resting areas, which may place sme micrbat species at grwing risk.
Micrbats depend n tw essential resurces: suitable feeding grunds and secure resting sites. While high-quality feeding habitats have been identified in Sydney, Caragh Threlfall, a research fellw at the University f Melburne, pints ut that land managers shuld als prtect resting places t supprt the lng-term survival f micrbat ppulatins.
Ntably, bats are nt the nly nes affected. Fr instance, mth numbers have fallen in sme urban areas, which can in turn affect the lcal fd chain. “Our wrk shwed that verall insect ppulatins decline with increasing urban density (密度),” the researcher explains.
There are mre than 80 knwn bat species in Australia, 43 f which are classified as lcally r natinally threatened. Accrding t Queensland’s Department f Envirnment and Heritage Prtectin, 35 f these threatened species are micrbats. “T help bats cexist in cities, we need t keep large, ld trees acrss the urban landscape and preserve areas that prvide gd feeding habitats,” Threlfall adds.
Researchers frm Brisbane and Sydney have bserved fewer bat species in heavily built-up areas, whereas suburbs can still supprt a rich variety f bat life. This suggests that sme species can tlerate mderate levels f urban develpment, as lng as sufficient trees remain in the envirnment. Beynd a certain pint, hwever, bat ppulatins begin t drp.
Mre cmprehensive urban planning assessments that take bat habitat needs int accunt are currently underway fr Melburne’s bat cmmunities. With this evidence, it is believed that future guidelines can be develped t prtect bat species acrss Australian cities.
53. What led t the decline in micrbats’ ppulatin?
A. Threats frm rising wildlife.
B. Cmpetitin amng bat species.
C. Develpment causing habitat damage.
D. Climate change affecting insect availability.
54. What d the figures in paragraph 4 mainly shw?
A. The significance f prtecting ancient trees.
B. The severe challenge facing Australian bats.
C. The wide distributin f bat species in Australia.
D. The extreme difficulty in saving rare bat species.
55. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Micrbats are unable t survive in urbanized areas.
B. Urban develpment will be slwed dwn acrss Australia.
C. Suburbs have mre micrbat species due t fewer residents.
D. Prper urban planning may lwer the risk t micrbat ppulatins.
56. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Micrbats: Nature’s Insect Eaters
B. Micrbats: Friends f Urban Residents
C. Rescuing Micrbats frm Urbanizatin
D. Planning and Building Ec-Friendly Cities
【答案】53. C 54. B 55. D 56. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市化对微蝙蝠的影响及保护措施。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet urbanizatin has brught significant changes t their living cnditins. Husing develpment and vegetatin lss have reduced their feeding and resting areas, which may place sme micrbat species at grwing risk.(然而，城市化给它们生活条件带来了重大变化。住房开发和植被丧失减少了它们的觅食和休息区域，这可能使一些微蝙蝠物种面临越来越大的风险)”可知，导致微蝙蝠数量下降的原因是开发造成的栖息地破坏。故选C。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“There are mre than 80 knwn bat species in Australia, 43 f which are classified as lcally r natinally threatened. Accrding t Queensland’s Department f Envirnment and Heritage Prtectin, 35 f these threatened species are micrbats.(澳大利亚已知有80多种蝙蝠物种，其中43种被列为地方或国家受威胁物种。根据昆士兰州环境与遗产保护部的数据，这些受威胁物种中有35种是微蝙蝠)”可知，这些数字主要表明了澳大利亚蝙蝠面临的严峻挑战。故选B。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This suggests that sme species can tlerate mderate levels f urban develpment, as lng as sufficient trees remain in the envirnment. Beynd a certain pint, hwever, bat ppulatins begin t drp.(这表明，只要环境中有足够的树木，一些物种可以容忍适度的城市发展。然而，超过一定程度，蝙蝠数量就会开始下降)”以及最后一段中“Mre cmprehensive urban planning assessments that take bat habitat needs int accunt are currently underway fr Melburne’s bat cmmunities. With this evidence, it is believed that future guidelines can be develped t prtect bat species acrss Australian cities.(目前正在对墨尔本的蝙蝠群落进行更全面的城市规划评估，以考虑蝙蝠栖息地的需求。有了这些证据，相信未来可以制定指导方针来保护澳大利亚城市的蝙蝠物种)”可知，合理的城市规划可能会降低微蝙蝠种群面临的风险。故选D。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“Yet urbanizatin has brught significant changes t their living cnditins. Husing develpment and vegetatin lss have reduced their feeding and resting areas, which may place sme micrbat species at grwing risk.(然而，城市化给它们的生活条件带来了重大变化。住房开发和植被丧失减少了它们的觅食和休息区域，这可能使一些微蝙蝠物种面临越来越大的风险)”可知，文章主要讲述了城市化对微蝙蝠栖息地的影响，以及为保护微蝙蝠所采取的措施，如进行城市规划评估等，所以最佳标题是“Rescuing Micrbats frm Urbanizatin(从城市化中拯救微蝙蝠)”。故选C。
14.（2026·安徽联考·一模）
In the cncrete jungles that define mdern cities, a quiet revlutin is taking rt — urban micrfrests. These cmpact, dense (密集的) green spaces, ften n larger than a basketball curt, are emerging as pwerful slutins t sme f the mst pressing urban prblems, frm air pllutin t mental health crises. Unlike traditinal city parks with neatly cut lawns, micrfrests mimic natural wdland ecsystems, packing dzens f native plant species int small areas t create thriving habitats.
The cncept, pineered by btanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s, has gained glbal tractin in recent years as cities seek sustainable develpment. A study by the Internatinal Sciety fr Urban Eclgy (ISUE) tracked 120 micrfrests acrss 30 cities, including Tky, Berlin, and Mexic City. The results were striking: micrfrests reduced lcal air temperatures by an average f 3.2 ℃ during summer heatwaves, a critical advantage as urban heat islands grw mre intense due t climate change. They als absrbed 20% mre carbn dixide per square meter than traditinal parks, thanks t their diverse plant layers — frm tall canpy trees t lw-lying shrubs.
Beynd envirnmental benefits, urban micrfrests deliver significant scial value. A survey cnducted by the University f Cpenhagen fund that residents living within 500 meters f a micrfrest reprted 15% lwer stress levels and 22% higher subjective well-being cmpared t thse withut access t such spaces. “The bidiversity f micrfrests creates a sensry experience — birdsng, fragrant flwers, rustling leaves — that cnnects peple t nature in a way that manicured (修剪整齐的) parks rarely d, ” explains Dr. Lena Olsen, lead researcher f the study.
Hwever, the expansin f urban micrfrests faces practical challenges. Land scarcity in city centers means many prjects must repurpse underused spaces — abandned lts, rftp areas, r even highway medians. Maintenance is anther issue: while mature micrfrests are self-sustaining, yung nes require regular care t prevent invasive species frm vertaking native plants.
As cities cntinue t grw, the rle f urban micrfrests will nly becme mre vital. They prve that even small pckets f nature can make a big difference, turning cncrete spaces int vibrant, life-sustaining ecsystems. Fr urban planners and residents alike, micrfrests ffer a hpeful, actinable path tward greener, healthier cities.
57. What fundamentally distinguishes micrfrests frm traditinal parks?
A. Mre green spaces.
B. Better temperature reductin.
C. Dense native plant ecsystems.
D. Prfessinal maintenance needs.
58. What can be learned abut the ISUE study?
A. It fcused specifically n carbn absrptin.
B. It was limited t temperate climate regins.
C. It cllected data mainly thrugh lcal surveys.
D. It analyzed data frm multiple urban lcatins.
59. Why are micrfrests mre effective in bsting peple’s well-being?
A. They ffer enhanced recreatinal facilities.
B. They are situated in central urban lcatins.
C. They emply prfessinal eclgical management.
D. They build a clser cnnectin between peple and nature.
60. What is the authr’s verall viewpint?
A Micrfrests can replace traditinal parks.
B. Micrfrests are impractical despite their benefits.
C. Micrfrests are transfrmative despite challenges.
D. Micrfrests have been ppular arund the wrld.
【答案】57. C 58. D 59. D 60. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在城市兴起的“城市微森林”，以及给城市和居民带来的积极的影响及其面临的挑战。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Unlike traditinal city parks with neatly cut lawns, micrfrests mimic natural wdland ecsystems, packing dzens f native plant species int small areas t create thriving habitats.(与传统城市公园里整齐修剪的草坪不同，微型森林模仿天然林地生态系统，将数十种本土植物密集种植在小片区域，以营造生机盎然的栖息地。)”可知，微森林拥有密集的本土植物生态系统，使它区别与传统的城市公园。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“A study by the Internatinal Sciety fr Urban Eclgy (ISUE) tracked 120 micrfrests acrss 30 cities, including Tky, Berlin, and Mexic City.(国际城市生态学会（ISUE）的一项研究追踪了包括东京、柏林和墨西哥城在内的30座城市的120片微型森林。)”可知，ISUE的研究分析了来自多个城市的微森林的数据。故选D。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““The bidiversity f micrfrests creates a sensry experience — birdsng, fragrant flwers, rustling leaves — that cnnects peple t nature in a way that manicured (修剪整齐的) parks rarely d, ” explains Dr. Lena Olsen, lead researcher f the study.(“微型森林的生物多样性创造了一种感官体验——鸟鸣、芬芳的花朵、沙沙作响的树叶——以一种修剪整齐的公园很少能做到的方式将人们与自然联系起来，”该研究的首席研究员莉娜·奥尔森博士解释道。”)”可知，微森林更有效地提高了人们的幸福感，是因为它们把人和自然更紧密地联系在了一起。故选D。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Hwever, the expansin f urban micrfrests faces practical challenges.(然而，城市微森林的扩张面临实际挑战。)”和最后一段“They prve that even small pckets f nature can make a big difference, turning cncrete spaces int vibrant, life-sustaining ecsystems.(它们证明，即便是小片自然区域也能产生巨大影响，将混凝土空间转变为充满活力、维持生命的生态系统。)”可推知，作者认为微型森林尽管面临许多挑战，但仍具有变革性。故选C。
15.（2026·河南濮阳·一模）
Decades after cmmercial whaling nearly drve them t extinctin, a feeding behavir knwn as bubble (气泡) netting is helping humpback whales in Canada recver, a study has fund. In the Kitimat Fjrd System in nrthern British Clumbia, humpback whale cunts have been grwing at a rate f 6 t 8 percent per year.
There, grups f up t sixteen humpbacks can nw be sptted bubble netting as a team. Sme f them swim in circles while blwing air thrugh their blwhles, thers vcalize (发声). Belw the water’s surface, grups f fish get trapped in rings f bubbles, making it easy fr the whales t catch them.
Bubble netting had already been well-dcumented in Alaska by the time scientists started tracking it at the Kitimat Fjrds in 2005, in cllabratin with the Gitga’at First Natin peple, wh cntinuusly survey the ppulatin.
Sightings f bubble netting have increased steadily, and peaked when a heat wave struck the nrthern Pacific frm 2014 t 2016. As the number f fish became smaller, the tactic prved practical — thrugh it, whales accessed mre kinds f fd than they wuld have thrugh hunting fr it alne.
Using nearly 7,500 phtgraphs, the researchers built a map f the whales’ scial interactins. The results suggest that certain key individuals within the grup taught the thers hw t bubble net. “Feeding strategies like bubble netting help whales adapt t a changing envirnment. If a bat strikes and kills ne whale that can teach bubble netting, the whle ppulatin becmes less adaptable. This is why lcatins like the Kitimat Fjrd System, where whales learn t feed frm thers, need t be targeted fr cnservatin,” says Éadin O’Mahny, a marine mammal eclgist.
“The Gitga’at peple have kept the ecsystem that the whales are a part f in balance fr thusands f years,” says cauthr Nicle Rbinsn, a member f the Gitga’at First Natin. The cre f their knwledge is t recgnize shifts in fd surces t harvest them sustainably. Ultimately, it cmes dwn t ne value. “In my language, we call it łmsk: respect,” Rbinsn says. “Respect fr ur lands, waters, elders, and children.”
61. What can be knwn abut bubble netting?
A. It requires cllabratin.B. It is intended fr deaf whales.
C. It wasn’t recrded until recently.D. It is limited t whales in Alaska.
62. What des the underlined wrd “tactic” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A. Stability.B. Strategy.C. Cnservatin.D. Attack.
63. What is Éadin O’Mahny’s advice?
A. Relcate endangered whales t ther places.
B. Stp researching whales’ scial interactins.
C. Prtect whales that can teach bubble netting.
D. Mnitr whales’ ability t escape bat strikes.
64. What d the Gitga’at peple advcate accrding t the last paragraph?
A. A time-saving feeding behavir.B. A habitat ttally free f cmpetitin.
C. A sustainable and balanced ecsystem.D. A sciety priritizing survival ver respect.
【答案】61. A 62. B 63. C 64. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气泡网捕食助力座头鲸数量恢复及相关保护意义。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“There, grups f up t sixteen humpbacks can nw be sptted bubble netting as a team. Sme f them swim in circles while blwing air thrugh their blwhles, thers vcalize (发声).(在那里，人们可以观察到多达16 头座头鲸组队进行气泡网捕食。一些鲸鱼一边转圈，一边从气孔喷出气泡，另一些则发出声响)”可知，气泡网捕食要求团队合作。故选A。
【62题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Sightings f bubble netting have increased steadily, and peaked when a heat wave struck the nrthern Pacific frm 2014 t 2016. As the number f fish became smaller, the tactic prved practical — thrugh it, whales accessed mre kinds f fd than they wuld have thrugh hunting fr it alne.(人们目击到气泡网捕食的次数稳步上升，并在2014至2016年北太平洋遭遇热浪期间达到顶峰。 随着鱼类数量减少，这一tactic显得十分实用——通过这种方式，鲸鱼能比独自捕食获得更多种类的食物)”可知，划线词tactic指气泡网捕食这一方法或策略，与Strategy的意思最接近。故选B。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中““Feeding strategies like bubble netting help whales adapt t a changing envirnment. If a bat strikes and kills ne whale that can teach bubble netting, the whle ppulatin becmes less adaptable. This is why lcatins like the Kitimat Fjrd System, where whales learn t feed frm thers, need t be targeted fr cnservatin,” says Éadin O’Mahny, a marine mammal eclgist.(海洋哺乳动物生态学家Éadin O’Mahny说：“像气泡网捕食这样的觅食策略，能帮助鲸鱼适应不断变化的环境。如果船只撞击并杀死一头会教授气泡网捕食的鲸鱼，整个种群的适应能力都会下降。这就是为什么像基蒂马特峡湾系统这类鲸鱼互相学习捕食技巧的区域，需要被重点保护。”)可知，Éadin O’Mahny建议保护鲸鱼学习气泡网捕食的地方。言外之意，能够教授气泡网捕食的鲸鱼应该受到保护。故选C。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““The Gitga’at peple have kept the ecsystem that the whales are a part f in balance fr thusands f years,” says cauthr Nicle Rbinsn, a member f the Gitga’at First Natin. The cre f their knwledge is t recgnize shifts in fd surces t harvest them sustainably. Ultimately, it cmes dwn t ne value. “In my language, we call it łmsk: respect,” Rbinsn says. “Respect fr ur lands, waters, elders, and children.”(该研究的合著者、吉特加特第一民族成员Nicle Rbinsn说：“数千年来，吉特加特人一直维持着鲸鱼所在生态系统的平衡。”他们传统智慧的核心，是敏锐感知食物来源的变化，从而可持续地利用自然资源。归根结底，这归于一种价值观。“在我们的语言里，我们称之为łmsk：尊重。”Rbinsn说，“尊重我们的土地、水域、长者与后代。”)”可知，吉特加特人主张一个可持续的且平衡的生态系统。故选C。
命题预测
分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，环境与保护类是必考核心压轴题材，选材多来自 Nature、Science、国家地理、环保组织报告、高校生态研究，聚焦生态保护、气候变化、污染治理、物种恢复、可持续发展、城市生态、新能源、循环经济。文章科学性强、数据密集、逻辑严谨，长难句与专业术语较多，侧重考查细节定位、逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括。2026 年高考仍会重点考查，命题更贴近碳中和、生物多样性、城市绿色、人与自然共生、环保科技，强调责任意识与科学思维。
高频考法
推理判断题
标题归纳题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
观点态度 / 写作意图题