2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题05阅读理解CD篇(观念、事理、现象类)(学生版+解析)

这是一份2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲义练习(全国通用)压轴题05阅读理解CD篇(观念、事理、现象类)(学生版+解析)，共6页。试卷主要包含了观念等内容，欢迎下载使用。


观念、事理、现象类基本规律及解题要领
高考此类阅读多无标题，结构严谨、说理清晰，一般分为四部分：
首段：用生活现象 / 日常事例 / 普遍认知引出核心话题、观念、事理或社会现象。
背景 / 误区：介绍大众看法、传统观念、现象成因、现实背景。
主干：分析原因、论证观点、正反对比、研究依据、专家解读，层层深入。
结尾：总结观点、给出建议、升华启示、反思社会 / 人生。
二、观念、事理、现象类解题技巧
1. 抓语篇结构，快速锁定主旨
用略读法速读首尾段 + 各段首尾句，圈出phenmenn / view / truth / idea / attitude等标志词。
常见行文逻辑：
现象解释型：引出现象→分析原因→阐述影响→给出对策
观点反驳型：大众观点→作者观点→论据支撑→结论启示
事理说明型：提出道理→举例论证→研究证明→生活应用
2. 定位标志词，精准破解细节与推理
优先定位：转折词、因果词、对比词、专家人名、研究结论。
长难句处理：抓主句谓语，剥离插入语、定语、状语，理清逻辑层次。
答案原则：原文同义替换、合理推断、忠于作者立场，不主观臆断。
3. 重点关注观点态度与情感色彩
文中 psychlgists / experts / researchers / authr 的表述是态度题、意图题题眼。
态度词高频：supprtive / critical / bjective / cncerned / ptimistic / dubtful。
4. 紧盯转折与因果，抓住核心逻辑
高频逻辑词：hwever / but / yet / while / therefre / thus / because / due t转折后是作者真实观点；因果处是现象本质原因，均为高频考点。
5. 熟悉选项设置规律，快速排除干扰
正确选项：概括全面、符合主旨、态度中立或明确、同义改写。
干扰项：
以偏概全（用细节代替主旨）
偷换观点（把大众看法当作者观点）
无中生有（原文未提及的道理 / 现象）
绝对化表述（nly /never/all 等过于绝对）
6. 标题归纳技巧（此类专用）
必须包含核心现象 / 观念 / 事理（如 chice paradx, memry editing, resilience）。
简洁醒目，体现观点或现象本质。
常见格式：现象 / 观念 + 意义 / 启示 / 分析。

05 观念、事理、现象类
1.（2026·安徽巢湖·一模）
One f the best things that can happen t a z r aquarium (水族馆) is fr ne f their resident animals t g viral. Just lk at the lng lines t see M Deng, a hipp in Thailand wh has becme an Internet hit fllwing her birth. Meanwhile, Pest — a baby king penguin wh was eating mre fish than his parents by the time he was a few weeks ld — is als an nline celebrity.
We have t admit that cute animals make mney. Admissin tickets are nly the beginning. Many zs and aquariums ffer special “behind the scenes” r “zkeeper fr a day” packages at much higher prices. The real prduct, thugh, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ bks and ther branded prducts are a majr way fr zs and aquariums t make mney.
But what happens when these cute animals becme, well, less cute? The Sea Life Melburne Aquarium has already been planning fr the next phase f Pest’s life and answering questins frm the public abut his changing appearance. It’s nrmal fr king penguins t lse their feathers by the time they’re abut a year ld and becme cnfident swimmers. As a result, guests have started asking why Pest lks different — r why they can’t find him at all.
An animal cnservatin grup based in the UK has spken ut against zs and aquariums making animals g viral. “The individual animal remains in an unnatural captive envirnment with little r n chance f being reintrduced int the wild.” Rather than visiting a z t see a “famus” wild animal, this grup encurages anyne wh is interested in these animals t learn abut and supprt the cnservatin f their habitats in the wild.
Using the cnventinally adrable animals is a gd way t get peple in the dr f zs and aquariums, but the mney generated by merchandise can als pay fr the habitats f many ther species. “Our fcus isn’t n prmting individual animals but n sharing the incredible stries that highlight the imprtant wrk we d as an aquarium,” says the representative fr Sea Life Melburne Aquarium. “Pest’s stry resnated deeply with peple wrldwide, but it’s just ne example f the many heartwarming and influential tales we have t share.”
1. Which is the mst prfitable surce f incme fr zs and aquariums?
A. Selling admissin tickets.
B. “Zkeeper fr a day” prgram.
C. Offering relevant sets and selling gds.
D. Making animals gain rapid ppularity nline.
2. What can we infer frm the Sea Life Melburne Aquarium’s plan?
A. It is wrried abut Pest’s health prblems.
B. It will transfrm Pest’s appearance.
C. It expects Pest t cntinue attracting attentin.
D. It will shift fcus t ther animals.
3. What can we knw abut the animal cnservatin grup?
A. It calls n the public t adpt “famus” animals.
B. It supprts the prtectin f animals’ habitats.
C. It encurages the gvernment t cancel zs.
D. It suggests building aquariums in natural envirnments.
4. What is the representative f Sea Life Melburne Aquarium’s attitude t prmting famus animals?
A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Supprtive.D. Dubtful.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园和水族馆中动物在网上走红能带来经济效益，包括门票、特色项目及商品销售等，但也存在动物长大后不那么可爱的问题，同时提及动物保护组织对此的反对观点以及墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的看法。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Admissin tickets are nly the beginning. Many zs and aquariums ffer special “behind the scenes” r “zkeeper fr a day” packages at much higher prices. The real prduct, thugh, is merchandise. Stuffed animals, T-shirts, fridge magnets, keychains, kids’ bks and ther branded prducts are a majr way fr zs and aquariums t make mney. (门票只是开始。许多动物园和水族馆以更高的价格提供特殊的“幕后参观”或“一日饲养员”套餐。然而，真正的盈利产品是商品。毛绒玩具、T恤、冰箱贴、钥匙链、儿童书籍和其他品牌产品是动物园和水族馆赚钱的主要方式。)”可知，对于动物园和水族馆来说，最有利可图的收入来源是提供相关套餐并销售商品，故选C项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The Sea Life Melburne Aquarium has already been planning fr the next phase f Pest’s life and answering questins frm the public abut his changing appearance. As a result, guests have started asking why Pest lks different — r why they can’ find him at all. (墨尔本海洋生物水族馆已经在为佩斯托生命的下一阶段做规划，并回答公众关于它外貌变化的问题。结果，游客们开始询问为什么佩斯托看起来不一样了——或者为什么他们根本找不到它了。)”可知，水族馆针对佩斯托外貌变化及游客疑问做规划，说明它期望佩斯托继续吸引关注，故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Rather than visiting a z t see a “famus” wild animal, this grup encurages anyne wh is interested in these animals t learn abut and supprt the cnservatin f their habitats in the wild. (该组织不鼓励人们去动物园看“著名”野生动物，而是鼓励任何对这些动物感兴趣的人了解并支持保护它们在野外的栖息地。)”可知，这个动物保护组织支持保护动物的栖息地，故选B项。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our fcus isn’t n prmting individual animals but n sharing the incredible stries that highlight the imprtant wrk we d as an aquarium,” says the representative fr Sea Life Melburne Aquarium. “Pest’s stry resnated deeply with peple wrldwide, but it’s just ne example f the many heartwarming and influential tales we have t share.” (墨尔本海洋生物水族馆的代表说：“我们的重点不是推广个别动物，而是分享那些精彩的故事，这些故事凸显了我们作为水族馆所做的重要工作。佩斯托的故事在全球引起了强烈共鸣，但这只是我们要分享的众多温馨且有影响力的故事之一”)”可知，水族馆代表认为推广著名动物能分享精彩故事，凸显水族馆工作，对推广著名动物持支持态度，故选C项。
2.（2026·江西·一模）
China’s success in lifting millins ut f pverty ffers valuable lessns and a new path fr cuntries in the Glbal Suth, accrding t experts at a high-level frum in Beijing. The event brught tgether fficials and schlars t discuss the keys t China’s achievements and hw they can help ther develping natins with their wn mdernizatin.
A Chinese fficial emphasized that the cuntry’s pverty reductin plicies are peple-centered, based n science, and designed t fit its wn natinal cnditins. This apprach prvides learnable and suitable experiences fr develping natins facing similar challenges. Imprtantly, China has prmted glbal pverty reductin thrugh actin, nt by exprting its mdel r setting strict rules fr thers. The cuntry has als prvided large amunts f develpment funds, supprting thusands f prjects t bst grwth in the Glbal Suth. China plans t strengthen cperatin with internatinal rganizatins, fcusing n building abilities, develping talent, and imprving agriculture.
The United Natins resident crdinatr in China nted that China’s jurney ffers deep insights fr the Glbal Suth. Over the past frty years, China’s success has accunted fr ver 70 percent f glbal pverty reductin. A representative frm the Internatinal Fund fr Agricultural Develpment added that pverty reductin is mre than just raising incmes. It is als abut strengthening rural cmmunities, empwering peple, and revitalizing rural ecnmies s that grwth becmes bth inclusive and lng-lasting.
China’s pverty reductin is nt just a grand stry but is rted in daily practice. Sharing these best and adaptable practices is central t China’s effrts. Fr example, a prject in Tanzania helped lcal farmers greatly increase their crn prductin by using mre careful and hard-wrking farming methds. After nearly ten years, this technique has been widely adpted. Anther success stry is China’s Junca technlgy. This lw-cst technlgy uses a special kind f grass t grw mushrms and feed animals. It has been intrduced in ver 100 cuntries and has helped many families escape pverty and becme successful business wners. These practical examples shw hw adaptable slutins can make a real difference.
5. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T praise China’s rapid ecnmic grwth.
B. T call n the Glbal Suth t cpy China’s mdel.
C. T cmpare China’s develpment mdel with ther cuntries’.
D. T discuss hw China’s pverty experiences help the Glbal Suth.
6. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A. China’s pverty reductin strategy cmbines universal principles with respect fr natinal differences.
B. China believes its develpment mdel must be cpied exactly by ther cuntries t achieve success.
C. The primary gal f China’s internatinal cperatin is t expand its plitical influence.
D. Financial aid is the nly significant way China cntributes t glbal pverty reductin.
7. What des successful pverty reductin invlve?
A. Relying mainly n financial supprt frm internatinal rganizatins.
B. Primarily fcusing n bsting individual husehld incme levels.
C. Increasing incmes while als building resilient and empwered rural scieties.
D. Fllwing China’s develpment mdel exactly t achieve similar scale f success.
8. What d the examples f Tanzania and Rwanda shw?
A. Practical and adaptable agricultural slutins can effectively prmte pverty reductin.
B. China’s primary gal is t exprt its cmplete agricultural systems t ther cuntries.
C. Only Chinese-develped technlgies are successful in addressing glbal pverty.
D. These prjects fcus mainly n prviding direct financial aid t farmers.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了中国在扶贫领域取得的巨大成功如何为其他全球南方国家提供宝贵经验。文章强调了中国以人为本、因地制宜的扶贫理念，以及通过分享实用、低成本的技术(如玉米种植和菌草技术)，为寻求可持续发展的国家提供了可借鉴的解决方案，而非一个固定的模式。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“China’s success in lifting millins ut f pverty ffers valuable lessns and a new path fr cuntries in the Glbal Suth, accrding t experts at a high-level frum in Beijing. The event brught tgether fficials and schlars t discuss the keys t China’s achievements and hw they can help ther develping natins with their wn mdernizatin. (在北京举行的一场高级别论坛上，专家们表示，中国成功使数百万民众摆脱贫困这一成就为全球南方国家提供了宝贵的经验和新的发展路径。此次论坛汇集了官员和学者，旨在探讨中国取得成就的关键因素，并探讨这些因素如何能帮助其他发展中国家实现自身的现代化进程。)”结合本文探讨了中国在扶贫领域取得的巨大成功如何为其他全球南方国家提供宝贵经验。文章强调了中国以人为本、因地制宜的扶贫理念，以及通过分享实用、低成本的技术(如玉米种植和菌草技术)，为寻求可持续发展的国家提供了可借鉴的解决方案，而非一个固定的模式。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是讨论中国在脱贫方面的经验如何对全球南方地区产生积极影响。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Imprtantly, China has prmted glbal pverty reductin thrugh actin, nt by exprting its mdel r setting strict rules fr thers. (重要的是，中国是通过实际行动来推动全球减贫事业的，而非通过输出其模式或对其他国家强加严格规定。)”可知，中国的减贫策略既遵循普遍原则，又考虑到各国的差异。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A representative frm the Internatinal Fund fr Agricultural Develpment added that pverty reductin is mre than just raising incmes. It is als abut strengthening rural cmmunities, empwering peple, and revitalizing rural ecnmies s that grwth becmes bth inclusive and lng-lasting. (国际农业发展基金的一位代表补充说，减贫不仅仅是提高收入这么简单。它还涉及加强农村社区建设、增强民众能力以及振兴农村经济，从而使经济增长既具有包容性又持久。)”可知，成功的减贫工作既要提高收入水平，也要建设具有韧性和充满活力的农村社会。故选C。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“These practical examples shw hw adaptable slutins can make a real difference. (这些实际案例表明，灵活多变的解决方案能够产生切实的影响。)”可知，坦桑尼亚和卢旺达的例子表明实用且具有适应性的农业解决方案能够有效地促进减贫。故选A。
3.（2026·天津联考·一模）
It’s hard fr me t remember nw the exact mment when my ambitin fr rder died. Abut three years ag my family mved int a new huse, and amng its selling pints was a study with pre-installed bkshelves. Just after the mvers departed, I casually separated the fictin frm the nn-fictin, arranging the bks alphabetically by authr. Everything seemed perfect, but that didn’t last lng.
I recently went hunting fr my cpy f Lydia Davis’s Essays, a cllectin f nn-fictins that turned up stuffed sideways n a shelf where the wrks f Philip Rth first tk up residence. This invasin wuld have been unthinkable when I first mved in, and the search itself revealed mre shelving chas: Bigraphies nw lie in memirs and shrt stry cllectins; versized nvels rest n tp f the carefully shelved, cperatively sized trade paperbacks.
The late French nvelist Gerges Perec understd the anxiety f shelving. In his Brief Ntes n the Art and Manner f Arranging One’s Bks, Perec’s discussin f the many methds fr handling yur persnal library nly shws hw impssible the task is. Yu culd, fr instance, agree nly t keep 365 bks in yur library—buy ne bk, get rid f ne. But then, he writes, yu’d have t decide what a “bk” is. Is a three-vlume series ne bk r three? Maybe it’s better t stick with 365 authrs instead f bks. But then sme bks are annymus (匿名的), and sme dn’t make sense withut thers in the same categry. Perec died in 1982, with mre than 1,800 bks in his hme library.
We can categrize bks alphabetically, but als by regin, clr, publicatin date, genre (体裁) and mre. But either way, Perec insists, we are dmed (注定的)t failure. That’s partly because any ne bk has s many different ways t be uncperative. Smetimes a bk resists via size. Where d I put Chris Ware’s Building Stries, published in a bard-game-sized bx? And increasingly, shelving by genre is a headache. Where des the autfictin r crss-genre nvels g?
I had a hard time finding that Davis bk, and thugh there were things t regret during the prcess, there were als things t discver such as the bks I fndly remember. Since May 2021, I’ve been ding writing cnsultatins ver Zm (视频会议) thrugh a public library, which means expsing my messy shelves t public examinatin. I knw that everybdy is t plite t say anything abut it. But if smebdy did, I’d just tell them what Perec knew all alng — a neat library is a dead ne, and I’ll accept a little chas as prf f my living.
9. What made the authr’s bkshelves messy?
A. The mvers’ imprper arrangement f bks.
B. The lack f enugh space fr the grwing bks.
C. The gradual disrder f bks in different categries.
D. The authr’s careless act f putting bks randmly.
10. What can we learn abut Gerges Perec frm the text?
A. He thught arranging bks was an easy task.
B. He kept his bks in a strictly rdered way.
C. He put frward a practical way t arrange bks.
D. He realized the difficulty f rganizing a persnal library.
11. Why is arranging bks by genre becming trublesme?
A. Sme bks are f unusual sizes and shapes.
B. Sme bks belng t mixed literary types.
C. Mre annymus bks are being published.
D. It’s hard t tell the publicatin date f bks.
12. What des the authr find during the prcess f lking fr Lydia Davis’s Essays?
A. His lve fr rdered bkshelves is cming back.
B. He misses the days when the shelves were neat.
C. He rediscvers sme bks he has fnd memries f.
D. He feels embarrassed abut the public’s examinatin f his shelves.
13. What des the authr want t express by saying “a neat library is a dead ne”?
A. A tidy library lacks the vitality f reading and life.
B. N ne can keep a library neat frever in daily life.
C. A neat library reflects a lack f passin and curisity in reading and life.
D. Peple shuld nt spend t much time rganizing bks.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类散文。文章通过作者个人书架从有序到混乱的经历，探讨了书籍整理的不可能性及其背后蕴含的生活哲学。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的描述“This invasin wuld have been unthinkable when I first mved in, and the search itself revealed mre shelving chas: Bigraphies nw lie in memirs and shrt stry cllectins; versized nvels rest n tp f the carefully shelved, cperatively sized trade paperbacks.(当我刚搬进来的时候，这种入侵是不可想象的，而搜索本身就揭示了书架上更多的混乱：传记现在躺在回忆录和短篇小说集里；超大的小说放在精心摆放的平装书上面。)”可知，作者的书架变得混乱是因为不同类别的书籍逐渐混杂在一起。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“In his Brief Ntes n the Art and Manner f Arranging One’s Bks, Perec’s discussin f the many methds fr handling yur persnal library nly shws hw impssible the task is.(在《整理书籍的艺术与方式简记》中，Perec讨论了处理个人图书馆的多种方法，这只能说明这项任务是多么不可能完成。)”以及第四段的句子“Perec insists, we are dmed t failure.(Perec坚持认为，我们注定失败)”可知，Gerges Perec意识到整理个人图书馆是一项困难且注定失败的任务。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“And increasingly, shelving by genre is a headache. Where des the autfictin r crss-genre nvels g? (而且，按体裁分类越来越令人头疼。自传体小说或跨体裁小说该放在哪里呢？)”可知，按体裁分类变得麻烦是因为有些书籍属于混合文学类型，难以归类。故选B项。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“I had a hard time finding that Davis bk, and thugh there were things t regret during the prcess, there were als things t discver such as the bks I fndly remember. (我很难找到那本Davis的书，虽然过程中有一些遗憾，但也有一些发现，比如我怀念的那些书)”可知，在寻找 Lydia Davis的散文集过程中，作者重新发现了一些留有美好回忆的书。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的语境，作者通过视频会议向公众展示凌乱的书架，并表示“I’ll accept a little chas as prf f my living (我会接受一点混乱作为我活着的证明)”。由此推断，“a neat library is a dead ne (整洁的图书馆是死的图书馆)”意指过于整洁的图书馆缺乏阅读和生活本身的活力——混乱恰恰证明书籍被真正阅读和使用。故选A项。
4.（2026·天津河东区·一模）
Persnal grwth is ften mistakenly regarded as a smth upward path f achievements. Yet psychlgical research and real-life experiences cnfirm a different truth: resilience — the ability t adapt and develp amid difficulties — is the unseen frce driving deep and lasting grwth. In an era f rapid changes and unexpected challenges, develping resilience is nt just a survival skill but a key part f self- develpment, turning setbacks int stepping stnes.
The link between difficulties and grwth lies in the psitive psychlgical changes after tugh life events. Studies shw that thse wh deal with hardships rather than avid them gain greater self- awareness, deeper understanding f thers, and a strnger sense f purpse. Fr example, peple wh survive health prblems with resilience ften adjust their thinking, regaining cnfidence in their wn abilities and valuing life mre. This grwth des nt cme autmatically; it cmes frm facing difficulties n purpse, strengthening mental strength just as exercise builds muscle.
Resilience als plays an imprtant rle in life changes. Yung peple entering the wrkplace face setbacks such as rejected plans r disagreements that cause self-dubt, but resilient peple see these as learning chances. They analyze their mistakes, ask fr advice, and develp skills t make prgress. Similarly, peple traveling alne imprve resilience by dealing with unfamiliar envirnments n their wn, trusting their decisins and adapting t difficulties.
Sme peple argue that fcusing n resilience puts pressure n peple t ignre pain, but resilience means recgnizing suffering withut being cntrlled by it. It is a skill that can be develped, nt an inbrn quality. Simple methds such as changing negative thughts, building supprt grups, and practicing thanksgiving can strengthen it ver time.
In a sciety that values quick slutins, we must realize that true grwth is built n resilience. Difficulties are an essential part f grwth, nt a detur. Develping resilience helps us face challenges bravely, adapt smthly, and becme strnger. It remains the mst reliable cmpanin n the path t meaningful persnal grwth.
14. What is the cmmn misunderstanding abut persnal grwth accrding t the passage?
A. It requires great effrts t achieve.B. It is a smth prcess full f achievements.
C. It has a clse cnnectin with difficulties.D. It can nly be gained thrugh wrk experience.
15. Which f the fllwing is NOT a benefit f dealing with hardships actively?
A. Gaining a better understanding f neself.B. Develping a strnger sense f purpse.
C. Aviding all the pain in life.D. Learning t value life mre.
16. What can we infer frm the passage abut resilience?
A. It can be imprved thrugh certain methds.B. It is a skill that nly a few peple can have.
C. It has nthing t d with life changes.D. It makes peple ignre their sufferings.
17. What des the authr think f difficulties in persnal grwth?
A. They are unnecessary bstacles t avid.B. They are key parts f true persnal grwth.
C. They make peple lse cnfidence easily.D. They can nly be slved with quick slutins.
18. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The ways t deal with life’s difficulties.
B. The imprtance f quick slutins in mdern sciety.
C. Resilience is the key driver f persnal grwth.
D. Different pinins n the rle f resilience.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章纠正了人们对个人成长常见误解，指出韧性（在困境中适应和成长的能力）才是推动个人深度且持久成长的隐形力量，阐释了韧性与困境、成长的关系，介绍了韧性的培养方法及其重要意义。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Persnal grwth is ften mistakenly regarded as a smth upward path f achievements.(个人成长常常被错误地认为是一条充满成就的平稳上升之路。)”可知，人们对个人成长的常见误解是认为它是一个充满成就的平稳过程。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies shw that thse wh deal with hardships rather than avid them gain greater self-awareness, deeper understanding f thers, and a strnger sense f purpse. Fr example, peple wh survive health prblems with resilience ften adjust their thinking, regaining cnfidence in their wn abilities and valuing life mre.(研究表明，那些直面困难而非逃避困难的人，会获得更强的自我意识、更深刻的他人理解和更坚定的目标感。例如，凭借韧性度过健康问题的人通常会调整自己的思维，重新获得对自身能力的信心，并更加珍惜生命。)”可知，积极应对困难的好处不包括避免生活中的所有痛苦。故选C项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It is a skill that can be develped, nt an inbrn quality. Simple methds such as changing negative thughts, building supprt grups, and practicing thanksgiving can strengthen it ver time.(它是一种可以培养的技能，而非与生俱来的品质。通过改变消极想法、建立支持小组、练习感恩等简单方法，久而久之就能增强韧性。)”可推断，韧性可以通过某些方法得到提升。故选A项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Difficulties are an essential part f grwth, nt a detur. Develping resilience helps us face challenges bravely, adapt smthly, and becme strnger.(困难是成长的必要组成部分，而非弯路。培养韧性有助于我们勇敢面对挑战、顺利适应变化，并变得更强大。)”可推断，作者认为困难是真正个人成长的关键部分。故选B项。
【18题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Yet psychlgical research and real-life experiences cnfirm a different truth: resilience — the ability t adapt and develp amid difficulties — is the unseen frce driving deep and lasting grwth.(然而，心理学研究和现实生活经验证实了一个不同的真相：心理韧性——在困难中适应和发展的能力——是推动深刻而持久成长的看不见的力量。)”以及最后一段中的“Develping resilience helps us face challenges bravely, adapt smthly, and becme strnger. It remains the mst reliable cmpanin n the path t meaningful persnal grwth.(培养心理韧性有助于我们勇敢地面对挑战，顺利地适应环境，变得更强大。它仍然是通往有意义的个人成长道路上最可靠的伙伴。)”可知，文章主要论述了心理韧性是个人成长的关键驱动力。故选C项。
5.（2026·河北唐山·一模）
Mre than 50 years ag, Jane Gdall stunned the scientific cmmunity by reprting that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania were using tls t extract insects ut f their nests. This bservatin was grundbreaking, as scientists believed tl-making was a uniquely human characteristic. Luis Leakey, Gdall’s advisr, famusly respnded: “Nw we must redefine ‘tl’, redefine ‘man’, r accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Tday, verwhelming evidence shws that many species learn frm ne anther, develping cultural behavirs that can be passed dwn acrss generatins. A recent special issue f Philsphical Transactins f the Ryal Sciety B presents studies ranging frm whales t wallabies, demnstrating that scially learned behavir is widespread thrughut the animal kingdm.
Fr many species, such learned behavir is nt simply interesting but essential. It allws animals t share survival skills, such as where t find fd r hw t avid danger. These findings are already influencing cnservatin practices, frm reintrductins t managing cnflicts between humans and wildlife ver habitat use.
This fcus n learning has als led t the grwing idea f “lngevity (长寿) cnservatin.” Studies suggest that sme lng-lived animals, including whales and giant trtises, act as keepers f eclgical knwledge. Their lng lives allw them t remember migratin rutes, feeding areas, and respnses t envirnmental change. At the same time, scientists are studying hw these animals maintain their health ver decades r even centuries, discvering bilgical strategies that help resist diseases and repair cells.
These discveries raise difficult questins abut hw humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditins such as sngs r hunting methds, shuld the lss f these behavirs be treated as seriusly as the lss f histrical buildings?
Understanding animal culture als casts dubt n prpsals such as “de-extinctin,” which aims t bring extinct species back t life. As a cnservatin strategy, this is fundamentally unwrkable. Withut lder individuals t pass n knwledge, recreated animals wuld lack the skills needed t survive.
The mre we learn abut ther species’ cultures, the harder it is t deny that we are surrunded by a planet full f “thers”. Truly absrbing this knwledge might just encurage the majr shift we need as prtectrs f this rich bi-cultural diversity.
19. Why was Gdall’s discvery cnsidered shcking at the time?
A. She challenged her advisr.B. Luis cmmented n it publicly.
C. Chimpanzees were rarely studied.D. Only humans were believed t use tls.
20. What can be inferred abut animals’ learned behavir?
A It is affected by genes.B. It expands their habitats.
C. It is critical fr their survival.D. It settles human-wildlife cnflicts.
21. What rle d lder animals play accrding t lngevity cnservatin?
A. Prtectrs f habitats.B. Defenders against diseases.
C. Designers f migratin rutes.D. Carriers f eclgical wisdm.
22. What is the main purpse f the article?
A. T hnr Jane Gdall’s wrk.B. T urge a rethink f animals’ cultures.
C. T cmpare animal cultural behavirs.D. T prpse new species revival technlgies.
【答案】19. D 20. C 21. D 22. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物也存在文化行为与知识传承，打破人类对工具使用与文化的独有认知，呼吁重新思考动物文化与保护方向。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This bservatin was grundbreaking, as scientists believed tl-making was a uniquely human characteristic. (这一观察具有开创性，因为科学家们认为制造工具是人类独有的特征。)”可知，当时科学界普遍认为只有人类才会制造和使用工具，而Jane Gdall发现坦桑尼亚的黑猩猩会使用工具从巢穴中提取昆虫，这一发现打破了人们的固有认知，因此令人震惊。故选D项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fr many species, such learned behavir is nt simply interesting but essential. It allws animals t share survival skills, such as where t find fd r hw t avid danger. (对许多物种而言，这种习得行为不仅仅是有趣，更是至关重要的。它让动物能够分享生存技能，比如去哪里寻找食物或如何躲避危险。)”可知，动物的习得行为能帮助它们掌握寻找食物、躲避危险等关键生存技能，直接关系到它们的生存，因此对它们的生存至关重要。故选C项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Studies suggest that sme lng-lived animals, including whales and giant trtises, act as keepers f eclgical knwledge. Their lng lives allw them t remember migratin rutes, feeding areas, and respnses t envirnmental change. (研究表明，一些长寿动物，包括鲸鱼和巨龟，充当着生态知识的守护者。它们漫长的寿命使它们能够记住迁徙路线、觅食区域以及应对环境变化的方法。)”可知，根据长寿保护理论，年长的动物凭借漫长的寿命，储存并传承着迁徙、觅食、应对环境变化等生态知识，是生态智慧的承载者。故选D项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段中的“These discveries raise difficult questins abut hw humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditins such as sngs r hunting methds, shuld the lss f these behavirs be treated as seriusly as the lss f histrical buildings? (这些发现引发了关于人类如何定义文化遗产的难题。如果鸟类和鲸鱼有歌曲或狩猎方法等传统，那么这些行为的消失是否应该像历史建筑的消失一样被严肃对待？)”以及最后一段中的“The mre we learn abut ther species’ cultures, the harder it is t deny that we are surrunded by a planet full f “thers”. Truly absrbing this knwledge might just encurage the majr shift we need as prtectrs f this rich bi-cultural diversity. (我们对其他物种的文化了解得越多，就越难否认我们周围是一个充满“他者”的星球。真正吸收这些知识，或许能推动我们作为这种丰富生物文化多样性的保护者所需要的重大转变。)”可知，文章围绕动物存在文化行为和知识传承这一核心，通过一系列研究发现，引发人类对动物文化的重新思考，呼吁人们重视动物文化和生物文化多样性，因此本文的主要目的是促使人们重新思考动物文化。故选B项。
6.（2026·山东淄博·一模）
Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millins f visitrs each year. Turists crwd befre vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cld War, but few pause t cnsider what lies beneath the paint: an riginal sectin f the Berlin Wall. The art has becme the attractin; the histry it cvers has faded int backgrund. This pattern extends far beynd Berlin. Acrss the glbe, ld buildings fall fr new develpments. The lgic seems unarguable: cities must grw, ecnmies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces f ur past?
Urban histrian Dlres Hayden describes cities as “palimpsests” — manuscripts written upn repeatedly, earlier versins never fully erased. In her study f Ls Angeles, she dcumented hw develpment prjects repeatedly tre dwn cmmunities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served ecnmic ambitins, but they als erased material evidence that these cmmunities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “s des the tangible (有形的) prf that these peple lived here, wrked here, mattered here.”
Sme argue that memry can survive thrugh phtgraphs and dcuments. In fact, there is a difference between knwing abut a place and experiencing it. A phtgraph f an ld church cnveys its appearance; walking thrugh its drs cnveys smething else entirely — the height f the ceiling, the ech f ftsteps, the weight f silence. These are nt details; they are the substance f embdied memry.
Research in envirnmental psychlgy suggests that physical spaces maintain cllective identity. When cmmunities lse familiar landmarks, they lse reference pints that cnnect individuals t shared histry. The result can be spatial disrientatin — nt merely nt knwing where yu are, but nt knwing wh yu are in relatin t thse wh came befre.
Nne f this argues against all develpment. Every generatin inherits a city and passes ne n. Sme walls are meant t fall. Others are meant t stand — physical spaces grund memry in ways that images alne cannt, grunding us in a past that cntinues t shape wh we are.
23. What is the functin f paragraph 1?
A. T present a phenmenn and intrduce the tpic.
B. T cntrast histrical significance with mdern appeal.
C. T criticize the ver-cmmercializatin f histric sites.
D. T explain why histry is verlked and underestimated.
24. What des the example f Ls Angeles intend t illustrate?
A. The cst f urban develpment.B. The rle f ecnmic ambitins.
C. The preservatin f tangible prf.D. The success f redevelpment prjects.
25. What can be inferred abut the cmmunities lsing landmarks?
A. They cherish shared histry.B. They face identity cnfusin.
C. They maintain cllective identity.D. They priritize grwth ver memry.
26. What des the text cnvey?
A. Histry utweighs art in value.B. Phts preserve memry inadequately.
C. Cities face a grwth-r-histry chice.D. Physical spaces hld irreplaceable memry.
【答案】23. A 24. A 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章借柏林墙等例子，指出城市开发易抹去历史痕迹，而实体空间承载着不可替代的集体记忆与身份认同，城市发展不应忽视历史留存。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millins f visitrs each year. Turists crwd befre vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cld War, but few pause t cnsider what lies beneath the paint: an riginal sectin f the Berlin Wall. The art has becme the attractin; the histry it cvers has faded int backgrund. This pattern extends far beynd Berlin. Acrss the glbe, ld buildings fall fr new develpments. The lgic seems unarguable: cities must grw, ecnmies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces f ur past?(柏林的东区画廊每年吸引数以百万计的游客。游客们在充满活力的冷战后绘制的壁画前熙熙攘攘，但很少有人停下来思考这些画作之下隐藏着什么：那是原版的柏林墙的一部分。艺术成为了这里的吸引点；而它所涵盖的历史则逐渐被置于背景之中。这种模式在柏林之外也普遍存在。在全球范围内，老旧建筑为了新的发展而被拆除。这种逻辑似乎无可辩驳：城市必须发展，经济必须扩张。但当我们抹去我们过去的物质痕迹时，又会失去什么呢？)”可知，第一段的作用是描述一种现象并引入主题。故选A。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In her study f Ls Angeles, she dcumented hw develpment prjects repeatedly tre dwn cmmunities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served ecnmic ambitins, but they als erased material evidence that these cmmunities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “s des the tangible (有形的) prf that these peple lived here, wrked here, mattered here.”(在她对洛杉矶的调研中，她记录了开发项目如何一次又一次地拆除由墨西哥裔美国人和非裔美国人组成的社区，取而代之的是高速公路和广场。这些新的建筑是为了实现经济目标，但它们也抹去了这些社区曾经存在的物质证据。“当建筑消失时，”海登写道，“这些人的存在痕迹也随之消失，他们曾在这里生活、工作、有所作为这一点也荡然无存了。”)”可知，洛杉矶这个例子意在说明城市发展的成本。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“When cmmunities lse familiar landmarks, they lse reference pints that cnnect individuals t shared histry. The result can be spatial disrientatin — nt merely nt knwing where yu are, but nt knwing wh yu are in relatin t thse wh came befre.(当社区失去了那些人们所熟悉的地标性建筑时，他们也就失去了能够将个体与共同历史联系起来的参照点。其结果可能是空间上的迷失方向——不仅是指不知道自己身处何地，还意味着不清楚自己与那些先辈们在何种关系中相联系)”可知，那些失去标志性建筑的社区会面临身份认同的混乱。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nne f this argues against all develpment. Every generatin inherits a city and passes ne n. Sme walls are meant t fall. Others are meant t stand — physical spaces grund memry in ways that images alne cannt, grunding us in a past that cntinues t shape wh we are.(这一切都不能否定发展的重要性。每一代人都会继承一座城市，并将其传承下去。有些城墙注定要倒塌，而另一些则注定要屹立不倒——这些有形的空间以一种仅靠图像无法实现的方式，将记忆固定下来，使我们深深扎根于过去，而过去也持续塑造着我们的身份)”可知，文章表达了物理空间承载着不可替代的记忆。故选D。
7.（2026·甘肃·一模）
The sund f a guitar is the warm yellw f hney and Mnday is pink. These sensatins are always the same, and always present. This is called synaesthesia — a neurlgical (神经的) cnditin where senses are intercnnected.
Synaesthesia causes an estimated 4.4% f peple t “see” sunds r “feel” the clrs f letters. Scientists have fund that this unique way f perceiving the wrld can be a pwerful tl fr learning a freign language.
Research led by Julia Simmer at the University f Sussex indicates that children with synaesthesia ften have better skills in several key areas. “Specifically, they were significantly better in vcabulary, shrt-term memry, and attentin t detail,” Simner says. “These synaesthesia-linked skills predict that secnd-language learning culd be easier.” Fr a synaesthete, every letter has its wn clr, which makes letters and wrds much mre unique and memrable. When they learn a new language, the brain can use these clr cnnectins frm their first language t help remember new wrds. It’s as if the clr gives the brain an extra piece f infrmatin t hld nt, making the learning prcess mre effective.
Hwever, psychlgist Lucie Buvet ntes that fr a small number f peple, synaesthesia can smetimes make cmmunicatin harder. This is the experience f a wman identified as VA. Every time VA hears a sund like “k”, she wuld immediately see the clr red. Befre understanding the meaning f a wrd, her brain has t first prcess its sund and then its clr. This extra step f mental translatin culd smetimes cause her t lse track f a cnversatin, shwing that synaesthesia’s effects can be cmplex.
Despite these ptential challenges, the key value f studying synaesthesia lies in its ability t help us understand the mysteries f the human brain and language. Fr me, living with these intercnnected senses brings jy. It serves as a beautiful reminder that every brain experiences the wrld in its wn unique way.
27. What d we knw abut synaesthesia?
A. It’s an evaluatin methd.
B. It’s a psychlgical disrder.
C. It’s a language learning strategy.
D. It’s a unique way the brain wrks.
28. Hw des synaesthesia aid language learning accrding t Julia Simner’s research?
A. By making better predictins.
B. By develping painting skills.
C. By imprving the first language.
D. By prviding sensry cnnectins.
29. What can we infer abut synaesthesia frm VA’s experience?
A. It gains extra infrmatin.
B. It leads t misunderstanding.
C. It requires cmplex prcessing.
D It imprves cmmunicatin skills.
30. What’s the authr’s attitude t synaesthesia?
A. Critical.B. Psitive.
C. Cnfused.D. Objective.
【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联觉（synaesthesia）这一神经学现象——即不同感官相互连接的独特感知方式，以及它在语言学习中的作用和潜在挑战。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is called synaesthesia — a neurlgical (神经的) cnditin where senses are intercnnected.(这被称为联觉——一种神经学上的现象，指的是不同感官之间存在着相互关联)”可知，联觉是大脑工作的一种独特方式。故选D。
28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fr a synaesthete, every letter has its wn clr, which makes letters and wrds much mre unique and memrable. When they learn a new language, the brain can use these clr cnnectins frm their first language t help remember new wrds. It’s as if the clr gives the brain an extra piece f infrmatin t hld nt, making the learning prcess mre effective.(对于一位联觉者而言，每个字母都有其特定的颜色，这使得字母和单词显得更加独特且易于记忆。当他们学习一门新语言时，大脑可以利用他们最初语言中的这些颜色联想来帮助记住新单词。这就好比这种颜色为大脑提供了额外的一条信息，从而让学习过程变得更加高效)”可知，联觉通过提供感官连接（颜色与声音的连接）来帮助语言学习。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Befre understanding the meaning f a wrd, her brain has t first prcess its sund and then its clr. This extra step f mental translatin culd smetimes cause her t lse track f a cnversatin, shwing that synaesthesia’s effects can be cmplex.(在理解一个单词的含义之前，她的大脑首先需要先处理其发音，然后再处理其色彩。这一额外的思维转换步骤有时会导致她无法跟上对话的节奏，这表明联觉的影响可能是复杂的)”可知，从VA的经历可以推断出联觉需要复杂的处理过程。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Fr me, living with these intercnnected senses brings jy. It serves as a beautiful reminder that every brain experiences the wrld in its wn unique way.(对我而言，拥有这些相互关联的感觉所带来的体验是充满乐趣的。它以一种美好的方式提醒着我们，每个大脑都会以自己独特的方式去感知这个世界)”中的“jy”和“beautiful”等词可推知，作者对联觉持积极态度。故选B。
8.（2026·湖南怀化·一模）
Even after eating a large meal, mst peple can still find rm fr sweets. Nw, research in mice shws that the nerve cells behind feeling full als cntribute t strng desire fr sugar. In ther wrds, there seems t be a neurlgical (神经学的) basis fr ur lve f dessert.
Previus studies identified that naturally ccurring piids (阿片类物质) in the brain play a crucial rle in sugar desire. The main prducers f these piids are nerve cells lcated in a brain regin that adjusts appetite, metablism and hrmnes. Knwn as pr-pimelancrtin (POMC，前阿片黑素细胞皮质激素) nerve cells, they als cntrl feelings f satiety after eating.
T explre whether the cells als drive thirst fr sugar, Henning Fenselau at the Max Planck Institute fr Metablism Research in Germany and his clleagues tracked the piid signals the POMC cells send in the brain. The researchers mnitred the activity f nerve cells in these regins as mice ate their usual fd. When the animals seemed t be full, the team gave them a dessert f sugary chw. The results shwed that, n average, the activity between the POMC nerve cells and the PVT (丘脑室旁核) rughly multiplied during dessert cnsumptin, and even rse sharply befre the mice started eating the sweets, prving this nerve pathway directly fuels sugar desire. When the team blcked signals frm POMC nerve cells t the PVT, the mice cnsumed 40 per cent less dessert.
“The cell types, which are extremely well knwn fr making peple feel full, als release signals that cause the appetite fr sugar, and they d s particularly in the state f being full,” says Fenselau. “This wuld explain why animals — humans — ver-cnsume sugar when they’re actually full.”
31. What des the underlined wrd “satiety” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Desire.B. Fullness.C. Appetite.D. Delight.
32. Which f the fllwing is the finding f the mice experiment?
A. The mice had mre appetite fr sugar than usual fd.
B. The mice had less dessert cnsumptin in their daily diet.
C. The mice had mre respnses in POMC than in PVT areas.
D. The mice had less sugar desire as brain signals were interrupted.
33. What can be inferred frm Fenselau’s wrds?
A. The feeling f being full generates sugar desire.
B. Humans cnsume mre sugar than animals.
C. Sugar desire has nthing t d with appetite.
D. Nerve cells make it easy fr peple t feel full.
34. What can we learn frm the text?
A. Ptential risks f sugar ver-cnsumptin fr mice.
B. Differences f animal-human neurlgical respnses.
C. Explanatin f brain mechanism f sugar desire.
D. Different views n sugar desire after meals in mice.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学研究发现：人吃饱后仍想吃甜食，并非单纯的习惯，而是有神经学基础——负责产生饱腹感的POMC神经细胞，同时也会激发对糖分的渴望。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Knwn as pr-pimelancrtin (POMC) nerve cells, they als cntrl feelings f satiety after eating. (这些被称为前阿片黑素细胞皮质激素的神经细胞，也控制着进食后的satiety感)”和最后一段中“The cell types, which are extremely well knwn fr making peple feel full, als release signals that cause the appetite fr sugar, and they d s particularly in the state f being full(这些细胞类型对于让人们产生饱腹感的作用是众所周知的，它们还会释放出促使人们产生对糖分渴望的信号，而且这种作用在饱腹状态下尤为明显)”可知，这些细胞让人们产生饱腹感，进而推断satiety表示“饱、饱腹感”。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When the team blcked signals frm POMC nerve cells t the PVT, the mice cnsumed 40 per cent less dessert.(当研究团队阻断了从POMC神经细胞到丘脑室旁核的信号时，老鼠吃的甜点减少了40%)”可知，老鼠实验的发现是：当大脑信号被阻断时，老鼠对糖的渴望降低。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The cell types, which are extremely well knwn fr making peple feel full, als release signals that cause the appetite fr sugar, and they d s particularly in the state f being full. (这些以让人产生饱腹感而闻名的细胞，也会释放引发对糖分食欲的信号，而且它们尤其在吃饱的状态下这样做)”可推知，饱腹感会催生对糖分的渴望。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Even after eating a large meal, mst peple can still find rm fr sweets. Nw, research in mice shws that the nerve cells behind feeling full als cntribute t strng desire fr sugar. In ther wrds, there seems t be a neurlgical (神经学的) basis fr ur lve f dessert.(即便饱餐一顿之后，大多数人仍能找到吃甜食的空间。现在，对老鼠的研究表明，负责产生饱腹感的神经细胞也与强烈的糖分渴望有关。换句话说，我们对甜食的喜爱似乎有着神经学上的原因)”可知，全文围绕“吃饱后想吃甜食”的现象展开，介绍了其背后的大脑神经机制，解释了为什么人在饱腹状态下仍会想吃糖。故选C。
9.（2026·天津滨海新区·一模）
The Damage that aging des t a bdy extends all the way dwn t the cellular level. But the damage increased by cells in lder muscles is especially severe, because the cells d nt reprduce easily and they becme weaker as their mitchndria （线粒体）, which prduce energy, reduce in energy and number. A study, hwever, suggests that certain srts f exercise may remve sme f what time can d t ur mitchndria.
Exercise is gd fr peple, as everyne knws. But scientists have surprisingly little understanding f its cellular impacts and hw thse might vary by activity and the age f the exerciser. S researchers recently cnducted an experiment n the cells f 72 healthy but sedentary （久坐的） men and wmen wh were 30 r yunger r lder than 64. After baseline measures were established fr their aerbic （有氧的） fitness, their bld-sugar levels and the gene activity and mitchndrial health in their muscle cells, the vlunteers were randmly assigned t a particular exercise prgram.
Sme f them did intense （强烈的） weight training several times a week; sme did brief interval training three times a week n exercise bicycles; sme rde exercise bikes at an apprpriate pace fr 30 minutes a few times a week and lifted weights lightly n ther days. A furth grup, the cntrl （对照组）, did nt exercise. After 12 weeks, the lab tests were repeated. In general, everyne experienced imprvements in fitness and an ability t regulate bld sugar.
But mre unexpected results were fund in the bipsied （活组织检查） muscle cells. Amng the yunger subjects wh went thrugh interval training, the activity levels had changed in 274 genes, cmpared with 170 genes fr thse wh exercised mre apprpriately and 74 fr the weight lifters. Amng the lder grup, almst 400 genes were wrking differently nw, cmpared with 33 fr the weight lifters and nly 19 fr the apprpriate exercisers.
Many f these affected genes, especially in the cells f the interval trainers, are believed t influence the ability f mitchndria t prduce energy fr muscle cells; the subjects wh did the interval exercise shwed an increase in the number and health f their mitchndria — an impact that was particularly prnunced amng the lder cyclists. It seems exercise culd help cntain the decline in the cellular health f muscles assciated with aging, especially if it was intense, says Dr. Sreekumaran Nair, the study’s senir authr. In fact, lder peple’s cells respnded in sme ways mre strngly t intense exercise than the cells f the yung did — suggesting, he says, that it is never t late t benefit frm exercise.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. exercise Might Benefit Aging Muscles
B. Exercise Might Increase Aging Muscles
C. Exercise Might D Harm t Mitchndria
D. Aging Mainly Occurs in the Cellular Level
36. What can we knw abut the experiment mentined in Paragraph 2?
A. Vlunteers cannt be gd at exercising.
B. All vlunteers must have the same baseline.
C. It was carried ut amng the yuth f different sexes.
D. Vlunteers received a randm particular exercise prgram.
37. Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 3?
A. By analyzing every grup’s different data.
B. By cmparing every grup’s training time.
C. By listing every grup’s different training.
D. By describing every grup’s training results.
38. It can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 that ______.
A. the experiment did nt get expected results
B. riding exercise bikes has n influence n the vlunteers
C. weight lifting is the mst useful training amng these exercises
D. interval training brings strnger influence t the elder than t the yuth
39. The underlined wrd “cntain” can be replaced by “______”.
A. changeB. stp
C. recrdD. cause
【答案】35. A 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。衰老对身体造成的损害一直延伸到细胞层面。实验证明运动特别是运动强度很大时似乎有助于抑制与衰老有关的肌肉健康细胞的下降。而老年人的细胞对高强度运动的反应比年轻人的细胞更强烈，运动可能有益于老化的肌肉。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段主要叙述了衰老对身体的伤害一直延伸到细胞水平。研究发现某些类型的锻炼或许能消除岁月对我们的线粒体造成的影响。接着实验证明了运动特别是当运动强度很大时似乎有助于抑制与衰老有关的肌肉细胞健康的下降。尤其是老年人的细胞对高强度运动的反应比年轻人的细胞更强烈，这说明了“运动可能有益于老化的肌肉”。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“S researchers recently cnducted an experiment ... After baseline measures were established fr their aerbic fitness, their bld-sugar levels and the gene activity and mitchndrial health in their muscle cells”尤其是最后一句 “the vlunteers were randmly assigned t a particular exercise prgram.”可知，这些志愿者被随机分配到特定的运动项目。由此可推断出“这些志愿者接受了一个随机的特殊训练计划”，故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“Sme f them did intense （强烈的）...; sme ...; sme...”可知，本段列出每个小组的分配到一个特定的锻炼方案。分析选项可知，本段“列出每个小组的不同培训方式”。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。
38题详解】
推理判断题。第四段内容“在较年轻的试验对象中，进行了间歇训练的志愿者有274个基因出现了活性水平变化，相比之下，运动适中的志愿者出现变化的基因有170个，做举重运动的有74个。在年纪较大的组别内，有将近400个基因现已有活性的改变，相比之下，举重运动者有33个，运动适中者仅有19个。”由此可推断出，间歇训练对老年人的影响大于对青年人的影响。分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。
【39题详解】
猜测词义题。根据最后一段划线部分的前文“Many f these affected genes, especially in the cells f the interval trainers, are believed t influence the ability f mitchndria t prduce energy fr muscle cells; the subjects wh did the interval exercise shwed an increase in the number and health f their mitchndria — an impact that was particularly prnunced amng the lder cyclists.”可知，“大多数受到影响的基因——尤其是进行间歇训练的志愿者细胞中的基因——都被认为影响了线粒体为肌肉细胞制造能量的能力；进行了间歇运动的实验对象表现出了线粒体数量和健康状况的提高——这个影响在年纪较大的脚踏车运动者中尤其显著”以及划线后的“lder peple’s cells respnded in sme ways mre strngly t intense exercise than the cells f the yung did — suggesting, he says, that it is never t late t benefit frm exercise.”可知“年长者的细胞对高强度运动的反应比年轻人的更加强烈——他说，这表明从运动中获益永远不会太晚”可知，锻炼给肌肉细胞提供了能量，阻止了与衰老有关的肌肉细胞的下降。分析选项可知，划线句的“It seems exercise culd help cntain the decline in the cellular health f muscles assciated with aging”意为“运动似乎有助于抑制与衰老有关的肌肉细胞健康的下降”，可推断出“cntain”为阻止或抑制，故选B。
【点睛】选择标题在英语阅读理解中属于主旨大意题，是一种深层理解题。要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。通常情况下，标题要有根据性，针对性和醒目性的特点。确定最佳标题时，要注意在阅读文章时，文章中反复出现的或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息或主题句。找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨，从而找出最佳题目。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成最佳题目。如第1小题，第一段主要叙述了衰老对身体的伤害一直延伸到细胞水平。研究发现某些类型的锻炼或许能消除岁月对我们的线粒体造成的影响。接着实验证明了运动似乎有助于抑制与衰老有关的肌肉细胞健康的下降，特别是当运动强度很大时。尤其是老年人的细胞对高强度运动的反应比年轻人的细胞更强烈，这说明了“运动可能有益于老化的肌肉”。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
10.（2026·皖西联考·一模）
Nigel Richards, a well-knwn Scrabble champin frm New Zealand nw living in Malaysia, made headlines n Nvember 16 by winning the Spanish-language Wrld Scrabble Champinship in Granada, Spain.
Remarkably, Richards can’t speak Spanish, yet his extrardinary talent fr the game shne thrugh. He nly started playing Scrabble at 28 and had t memrize the entire Spanish Scrabble dictinary and adapt t a different scring system where letter values differ frm the English versin.
In Scrabble, players use seven letter tiles (牌) t create high-scring wrds. Each letter has a specific pint value, with unusual letters like Q, X, and Z wrth mre. Special bard squares can duble r triple (三倍) these scres. Despite these cmplexities, Richards’ victry was impressive.
Richards’ Scrabble jurney is marked by victries acrss multiple languages. He has wn the English-language Wrld Scrabble Champinship five times and als triumphed (获胜) in French (in 2015 and 2018). His ability t excel in languages he desn’t speak is due t his exceptinal memry and mathematical skills, which allw him t frm high-scring wrds effrtlessly.
His strategy fcuses n remembering wrd spellings and pint values rather than understanding their meanings. Friend Liz Fagerlund explains that Richards visualizes wrd grups in his mind like a mental pht album, aiding his recall. T prepare fr the Spanish champinship, he learned hundreds f thusands f wrds a year in advance. This hard wrk paid ff as he wn 23 ut f 24 games in Granada, defeating the previus Argentine champin, Benjamin Olaizla.
Despite his numerus awards and public recgnitin, Nigel Richards remains a shy figure. He desn’t like t talk abut hw he plays with reprters; he prefers t let his wins speak fr themselves. His special way f playing Scrabble, using language memrizatin and smart strategies, makes him ne f the best Scrabble players ever, n matter what language he’s playing in.
40. What des the authr want t shw in Paragraph 3?
A. The usual letters in the game.
B. The cmplexity f the game rules.
C. The high-scring wrds in Scrabble.
D. The structure f the Scrabble bard.
41. What can be inferred abut Richards’ apprach t learning wrds?
A. He relies heavily n visual memry and pint values.
B. He writes the wrds needed fr upcming cmpetitins.
C. He fcuses n understanding the meanings f the wrds.
D. He prefers discussing his learning strategies with reprters.
42. Which can be used t describe Nigel Richards?
A. Outging.B. Reserved.C. Prud.D. Inncent.
43. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T list champins in Scrabble cmpetitins.
B. T stress Scrabble’s histry in cmpetitin.
C. T explain hw t speak multiple languages.
D. T intrduce Nigel Richards’ wins and strategy.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. B 43. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了新西兰拼字游戏冠军尼格尔·理查兹虽不会说西班牙语，却凭借超强记忆力和数学天赋，通过背诵词典赢得西班牙语世界冠军，展现了独特的语言学习与比赛策略。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Special bard squares can duble r triple (三倍) these scres. Despite these cmplexities, Richards’ victry was impressive.(特殊的棋盘格子可以将这些分数加倍或三倍。尽管存在这些复杂之处，里查兹的胜利依然令人印象深刻)”可推知，作者主要想通过第三段展示拼字游戏规则的复杂性。故选B项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“His strategy fcuses n remembering wrd spellings and pint values rather than understanding their meanings. Friend Liz Fagerlund explains that Richards visualizes wrd grups in his mind like a mental pht album, aiding his recall.(他的策略侧重于记住单词的拼写和点值，而非理解其含义。朋友莉兹·法格伦德解释说，理查兹在脑海中将单词组形象化地呈现出来，就像一个心理上的相册，这有助于他回忆)”可知，理查兹熟记单词的方法在很大程度上依赖于视觉记忆和分值。故选A项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Despite his numerus awards and public recgnitin, Nigel Richards remains a shy figure. He desn’t like t talk abut hw he plays with reprters; he prefers t let his wins speak fr themselves.(尽管他获得了众多奖项并得到了公众的认可，但尼格尔·理查兹仍然是一个腼腆的人。他不喜欢与记者谈论他如何下棋；他更愿意让自己的胜利来说话)”可推知，尼格尔·理查兹是内向的。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了尼格尔·理查兹赢得西班牙语拼字游戏冠军的事迹，并详细介绍了他独特的学习策略（死记硬背单词和分值，而非理解含义）。由此推知，作者撰写这篇文章的目的是介绍尼格尔·理查兹的获胜经历和策略。故选D项。
11.（2026·天津河西·一模）
Mdern sciety celebrates freedm f chice as a fundamental gd. Frm cereal aisles (超市麦片区) t career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array f ptins. Psychlgist Barry Schwartz, hwever, argues in his bk The Paradx f Chice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead t anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfactin — a phenmenn he calls “the tyranny f chice”.
The lgic seems cunterintuitive (违反直觉的). Mre chices shuld mean a greater chance f finding the perfect fit, leading t higher satisfactin. Yet, Schwartz cntends that the prcess f chsing frm numerus alternatives is psychlgically taxing. Each ptin requires evaluatin, which cnsumes time and cgnitive energy. The fear f making a subptimal chice — f missing ut n a better alternative — generates what ecnmists term “pprtunity csts” n an emtinal level. After a decisin is made, this fear ften changes int regret r dubt abut the fregne ptins, diminishing the enjyment f the chsen ne.
Furthermre, the respnsibility that cmes with chice can be burdensme. When utcmes are pr, we have n ne t blame but urselves. In a wrld with limited ptins, fate r limited availability culd be the scapegat (替罪羊). With limitless chice, failure is persnalized. This “self-blame” fr less-than-perfect results can weaken ur sense f well-being.
Schwartz distinguishes between “maximizers” and “satisficers.” Maximizers strive t make the abslute best chice, exhaustively researching all pssibilities. Satisficers, n the ther hand, aim fr “gd enugh,” settling fr an ptin that meets their cre criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shws that maximizers, despite ften achieving bjectively better utcmes, reprt lwer levels f happiness, ptimism, and life satisfactin cmpared t satisficers. They are mre likely t regret and depressin.
The slutin is nt t eliminate chice but t curtail (削减) it cnsciusly. We can adpt the satisficer’s mindset by defining ur standards befrehand and stpping the search nce they are met. We can learn t appreciate “gd enugh” and recgnize that the quest fr the perfect is ften the enemy f the gd. By setting sensible limits n ur wn freedm t chse — in what we buy, hw we spend ur time, even in ur persnal relatinships — we might just find the liberatin we sught in chice in the first place.
44. Which f the fllwing best summarizes the “paradx” mentined in the passage?
A. The pursuit f perfect freedm ultimately restricts ur happiness.
B. Sciety prvides mre chices, but individuals still feel they are nt sufficient.
C. Having abundant ptins is intended t increase satisfactin, but it ften results in greater anxiety and regret.
D. Ecnmists believe mre chices are beneficial, while psychlgists prve they are harmful.
45. What des the phrase “a subptimal chice” mst prbably mean?
A. The chice that is the perfect fit.
B. The chice whse lgic seems cunterintuitive.
C. The chice bringing enjyment.
D. The chice that is less ideal.
46. Accrding t the passage, why des the burden f persnal respnsibility increase in the face f abundant chices?
A. Because it requires mre knwledge t evaluate cmplex ptins.
B. Because with limited chice, failure can be blamed n external factrs.
C. Because sciety places higher expectatins n individuals wh have many chices.
D. Because making a wrng chice amng many leads t greater financial lss.
47. Accrding t paragraph 4, which f the fllwing statements is TRUE abut maximizers and satisficers?
A. Althugh maximizers may achieve better bjective utcmes, they tend t be less happy due t pst-decisin regret.
B. Maximizers are generally mre efficient because they research thrughly befre deciding.
C. Satisficers are happier simply because they have lwer standards and expectatins.
D. Becming a satisficer means giving up n quality and settling fr what is average in all situatins.
48. What is the authr’s verall attitude twards the abundance f chice in mdern life?
A. Strngly critical and dismissive.
B. Cautiusly critical but ffering a slutin.
C. Entirely supprtive and enthusiastic.
D. Neutral and purely descriptive.
【答案】44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在其著作《选择的悖论》中提出的观点：过多的选择并不会带来更多的自由和满足，反而可能导致焦虑、后悔和不满。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mdern sciety celebrates freedm f chice as a fundamental gd. Frm cereal aisles (超市麦片区) t career paths, we are presented with an unprecedented array f ptins. Psychlgist Barry Schwartz, hwever, argues in his bk The Paradx f Chice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead t anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfactin — a phenmenn he calls “the tyranny f chice”. (现代社会崇尚选择的自由，认为这是一种基本的好处。从超市的麦片区到职业道路，我们面临着前所未有的选择。然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会引发焦虑、犹豫不决与不满——他称之为“选择的专制”的现象)”可知，文章所讨论的“paradx(悖论)”指的是丰富的选择本应提升满意度，却常常导致更大的焦虑和后悔。故选C项。
【45题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The fear f making a subptimal chice — f missing ut n a better alternative — generates what ecnmists term “pprtunity csts” n an emtinal level. (对做出subptimal chice的恐惧——害怕错过更好的选择——在情感层面上产生了经济学家所说的“机会成本”)”以及后文“this fear ften changes int regret r dubt abut the fregne ptins, diminishing the enjyment f the chsen ne. (这种恐惧常常转变为对被放弃选项的后悔或怀疑，从而削弱了对所选之物的享受)”可推知，subptimal chice与“a better alternative”相对，指的是会让人产生恐惧的选择，是不够理想的选择。故选D项。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“When utcmes are pr, we have n ne t blame but urselves. In a wrld with limited ptins, fate r limited availability culd be the scapegat (替罪羊). With limitless chice, failure is persnalized. This “self-blame” fr less-than-perfect results can weaken ur sense f well-being.(当结果不尽如人意时，我们只能归咎于自己。在选择有限的世界里，命运或资源匮乏尚可充当替罪羊；而面对无限选择时，失败则被个人化。这种因不够完美的结果而产生的“自责”，会削弱我们的幸福感)”可知，在选择有限的情况下，失败可以归咎于外部因素，而当有无限的选择的时候，失败则更多地被视为个人的责任。所以可以理解为：面对丰富的选择，个人责任的负担反而增加了，这是因为选择有限时，失败可以归咎于外部因素。故选B项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Maximizers strive t make the abslute best chice, exhaustively researching all pssibilities. Satisficers, n the ther hand, aim fr “gd enugh,” settling fr an ptin that meets their cre criteria. Unsurprisingly, research shws that maximizers, despite ften achieving bjectively better utcmes, reprt lwer levels f happiness, ptimism, and life satisfactin cmpared t satisficers. They are mre likely t regret and depressin.(最大化者努力做出绝对最好的选择，详尽地研究所有可能性。另一方面，满足者追求“足够好”，满足于符合他们核心标准的选择。不出所料，研究表明，与满足者相比，最大化者尽管通常能取得客观上更好的结果，但他们的幸福感、乐观程度和生活满意度都较低。他们更容易后悔和抑郁)”可知，最大化者虽然可能取得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不太快乐”可知，关于最大化者和满足者，正确的说法是：尽管最大化者可能获得更好的客观结果，但由于决策后的后悔，他们往往不那么快乐。故选A项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Psychlgist Barry Schwartz, hwever, argues in his bk The Paradx f Chice that this abundance, rather than liberating us, can lead t anxiety, paralysis, and dissatisfactin (然而，心理学家巴里·施瓦茨在他的《选择的悖论》一书中指出，这种丰富非但没有解放我们，反而会导致焦虑、麻木和不满)”可知，作者借用名人的观点对现代生活中的过多选择表达了批判态度；同时，结合最后一段中“The slutin is nt t eliminate chice but t curtail (削减) it cnsciusly. (解决办法不是消除选择，而是有意识地削减它)”可知，作者提出了有意识地削减选择的解决方案。因此，作者的态度是谨慎批判但提供解决方案。故选B项。
12.（2026·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·一模）
The artificial sweetener aspartame (阿斯巴甜) can be fund in everything frm chewing gum t fizzy drinks and tabletp sweeteners. A new study f mice suggests that even small amunts f aspartame may negatively affect heart and brain health in the lng term.
Over the curse f a year, researchers led by a team frm the Center fr Cperative Research in Bimaterials in Spain had been adding small amunts f aspartame t the diets f male mice. This dse, given three days every tw weeks, was abut ne-sixth f the currently acceptable daily human intake set by the Wrld Health Organizatin.
By the end f the study, these mice lst mre weight than untreated mice, having 10-20% less bdy fat. Mrever, they develped wrrying signs f heart and brain damage. The hearts f mice given aspartame shwed reduced pumping efficiency and minr structural changes. Their brains als revealed changes in glucse (葡萄糖) absrptin, first increasing but then drpping significantly, which culd reduce the energy available fr prper brain functin. This was reflected in the fact that aspartame-treated mice struggled mre with memry and learning tasks. Fr example, they mved slwer and spent lnger escaping frm mazes, shwing cgnitive decline.
“The study demnstrates that lng-term expsure t artificial sweeteners can have a detrimental impact n rgan functin even at lw dses, which suggests that current cnsumptin guidelines shuld be critically re-examined,” the researchers wrte in their published paper.
Althugh the researchers nted that the cgnitive changes were “relatively mild” cmpared with earlier studies in which mice cnsumed aspartame daily r fr a lnger perid, they still advised extreme cautin. They suggested that children and adlescents shuld avid taking in it as much as pssible, especially as a regular part f their diet unless the neurlgical (神经系统的) effects f aspartame are well-understd enugh t guarantee their safety.
49. Hw did the researchers cnduct the research?
A. By studying a case.B. By giving examples.
C. By cmparing different subjects.D. By referring t frmer researchers.
50. What des the underlined wrd “detrimental” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A Side.B. Uncertain.C. Harmful.D. Temprary
51. What d the researchers suggest children and teenagers ding?
A. Taking aspartame because it is safe.
B. Minimizing their intake f aspartame.
C. Replacing aspartame with natural sugar.
D. Increasing their intake f aspartame t lse weight.
52. What is the authr’s purpse f writing the text?
A. T intrduce a study n aspartame.
B. T call n peple t resist aspartame.
C. T prve that artificial sweeteners are safe.
D. T present the research prcess abut aspartame.
【答案】49. C 50. C 51. B 52. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于阿斯巴甜对小鼠心脏和大脑健康影响的研究，并提出了对当前消费指南的重新审视建议，特别是针对儿童和青少年的摄入建议。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Over the curse f a year, researchers led by a team frm the Center fr Cperative Research in Bimaterials in Spain had been adding small amunts f aspartame t the diets f male mice. (在为期一年的研究中，由西班牙生物材料合作研究中心的一个团队领导的研究人员一直在给雄性小鼠的饮食中添加少量阿斯巴甜)”以及第三段中“By the end f the study, these mice lst mre weight than untreated mice, having 10-20% less bdy fat. Mrever, they develped wrrying signs f heart and brain damage. (到研究结束时，这些小鼠比未处理的小鼠体重减轻了更多，体脂减少了10-20%。此外，它们还出现了令人担忧的心脏和大脑损伤迹象)”可知，研究人员让一些小鼠摄入阿斯巴甜，而另一些没有做相应处理，然后通过对这两种研究对象的对比来开展研究。故选C项。
【50题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The study demnstrates that lng-term expsure t artificial sweeteners can have a detrimental impact n rgan functin even at lw dses, which suggests that current cnsumptin guidelines shuld be critically re-examined (该研究表明，即使低剂量长期接触人工甜味剂，也会对器官功能造成detrimental影响。这一发现提示，当前关于人工甜味剂的摄入标准亟需重新审视)”中建议“人工甜味剂的摄入标准亟需重新审视”可推知，长期接触人工甜味剂对器官功能有有害影响，故需重新审视摄入标准。所以划线词detrimental意为“有害的”，与“Harmful”同义。故选C项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They suggested that children and adlescents shuld avid taking in it as much as pssible, especially as a regular part f their diet unless the neurlgical (神经系统的) effects f aspartame are well-understd enugh t guarantee their safety. (他们建议儿童和青少年应尽量避免摄入阿斯巴甜，尤其是作为日常饮食的一部分，除非对阿斯巴甜的神经影响有足够的了解，能够保证他们的安全)”可知，研究人员建议儿童和青少年尽量减少阿斯巴甜的摄入量。故选B项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“A new study f mice suggests that even small amunts f aspartame may negatively affect heart and brain health in the lng term. (一项新的小鼠研究表明，即使是少量的阿斯巴甜，长期来看也可能对心脏和大脑健康产生负面影响)”以及后文对研究过程、结果和建议的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一项关于阿斯巴甜的研究。故选A项。
13.（2026·内蒙古赤峰·一模）
“Memry editing” sunds dark, bringing t mind threatening visins f erased histries r implanted lies. But in the lab, the reality is gentler and far mre hpeful. The discvery f the ability t edit memry itself is teaching us hw t heal the brain frm within, including hw t weaken wunding recllectins, strengthen declining nes and rebalance emtins ur memries carry.
Over the past decade, this wrk has revealed three principles. First, memries are malleable (可塑的) when being stred, recalled and restred. Secnd, they are distributed acrss the brain rather than in ne regin. Third, they can be artificially imprinted int the brain. Each principle reframes what “memry editing” really means.
When we frm a memry, brain cells fire tgether and strengthen cnnectins. That prcess can be enhanced r weakened with different patterns f stimulatin. Drugs, hrmnes r even a bit f sugar can enhance the brain’s ability t stabilise new experiences. The same idea wrks in reverse. Overstimulate memry pathways, and a memry’s strength declines; blck the mlecules (分子) that strengthen cnnectins, and it weakens mre.
Because memries are spread acrss the brain, they are als remarkably resilient. Damage t ne regin rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can rerute access thrugh alternate pathways and call upn multiple “drafts” f the memry. This backup system ffers hpe fr treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamaged rutes t a memry, we may repair pieces f identity nce thught lst. Memry editing, then, isn’t abut rewriting wh we are — it is abut giving the brain new paths back t itself.
While the idea raises ethical cncerns as every majr medical advance nce did, the gal f ur wrk is t reduce suffering and thereby imprve ur cllective well-being: t help an ex-sldier lsen his hld n a flashback r smene with Alzheimer’s hld n t lved nes’ names.
Learning t reshape memry respnsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memries every time we revisit them. Science tday is simply learning the rules.
53. What can we learn abut memry editing frm Paragraph 1?
A. It erases unwanted histries and lies.B. It ffers ptential fr brain healing.
C. It facilitates painful recllectin.D. It cntrls emtinal memries.
54. What can enhance a memry’s strength?
A. Blcking the mlecules that stabilise memries.B. Reducing the stimulatin t brain regins.
C. Reinfrcing the links between brain cells.D. Shrtening the time f brain cells firing.
55. The underlined wrd “resilient” in Paragraph 4 mst prbably means “______”.
A. hard t awakenB. limited in functinC. flexible in structureD. nt easily destryed
56. What is the authr’s attitude twards memry editing research?
A. Uncncerned.B. Neutral.C. Dubtful.D. Favrable.
【答案】53. B 54. C 55. D 56. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了记忆编辑并非黑暗操控，而是可治愈大脑的科学，其三大原理为治疗阿尔茨海默病等提供希望，虽有伦理争议但研究价值积极。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The discvery f the ability t edit memry itself is teaching us hw t heal the brain frm within, including hw t weaken wunding recllectins, strengthen declining nes and rebalance emtins ur memries carry.(对记忆编辑能力的发现正在教会我们如何从内部修复大脑，包括如何淡化创伤性的记忆、强化衰退的记忆以及重新平衡记忆所承载的情绪)”可知，记忆编辑为大脑的修复提供了可能性。故选B。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When we frm a memry, brain cells fire tgether and strengthen cnnectins. That prcess can be enhanced r weakened with different patterns f stimulatin.(当我们形成记忆时，大脑细胞会协同工作并加强彼此之间的联系。这个过程可以通过不同的刺激模式来增强或削弱)”可知，加强脑细胞之间的联系能够增强记忆的强度。故选C。
【55题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Damage t ne regin rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can rerute access thrugh alternate pathways and call upn multiple “drafts” f the memry.(一个区域受损通常不会导致整个记忆的丧失。相反，大脑能够通过其他路径重新建立连接，并调用记忆的多个“备份”版本)”可知，划线词后解释道：大脑单个区域受损很少会彻底删除一整个记忆，大脑可以通过替代路径重新获取记忆，由此可知记忆因为分布在大脑各处，不容易被破坏。故划线词意思是“不易受损”。故选D。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While the idea raises ethical cncerns as every majr medical advance nce did, the gal f ur wrk is t reduce suffering and thereby imprve ur cllective well-being: t help an ex-sldier lsen his hld n a flashback r smene with Alzheimer’s hld n t lved nes’ names.(尽管这一想法与以往每一次重大医学进步所引发的伦理问题一样，都存在一定的道德争议，但我们的研究目的却是为了减轻痛苦，从而提升我们的整体福祉：帮助一位退伍军人摆脱闪回的困扰，或者帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的人记住亲人的名字)”可知，作者对记忆编辑研究是支持态度。故选D。
14.（2026·河南濮阳·一模）
If yu’re the parent f a child r teenager, yu may want t learn abut scial psychlgist Jnathan Haidt, r at the very least his wildly influential bk, The Anxius Generatin.
In sum, the bk argues that the rise f smartphnes and scial media ver the past decade and a half has rewired the brains f yung peple, leading t a mental health crisis. Haidt’s arguments and apprach have been challenged by critics (批评者), many f whm pint ut that his wrk desn’t refer t the many ther ptential factrs at play affecting mental health. Yet, The Anxius Generatin has undeniably had a significant impact. Haidt is leading a mvement, which we have already seen translate int legislatin (立法) in many states arund the U.S. limiting the use f phnes in schls.
As the parent f a 10-year-ld and a 14-year-ld, I can say that nt a week has gne by in nearly a decade that the use f certain frms f technlgy and their applicatins (iPhnes, Chrmebks and tablets; vide games, scial media and YuTube) hasn’t led t sme frm f argument r disagreement. It’s nt that these technlgies are all bad, but their addictive design, and the lack f cultural nrms and especially regulatins arund such devices, have shaped peple’s use f them in ften damaging and destructive ways. Endless elements f day-t-day life, including learning and scializatin especially fr yung peple, have been negatively impacted.
While it is ften exciting t have the wrld at yur fingertips — my teenager has learned hw t handmake pasta with the help f nline vides, and I have happily spent precius hurs nline watching interviews f sme f my favrite writers — it’s hard t deny the increasing lsses when real-life trial-and-errr gives way t passive viewing. Fr many, the balance is clearly ff.
What seems especially amazing abut The Anxius Generatin is that it can get peple thinking mre critically abut the prducts that shape their everyday lives The bk feels like an imprtant antidte (良方) t the daily pull and messaging f the nline wrld.
57. What d many critics say abut The Anxius Generatin?
A It has underestimated the impact f scial media.
B. It has led t unnecessary legislatin in many states.
C. It has placed t much blame n technlgy cmpanies.
D. It has ignred ther pssible causes f mental health issues.
58. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Varius types f scial media.B. Negative impacts f technlgies.
C. Unwise ways t use smartphnes.D. Cnflicts between parents and kids.
59. What des the authr mean by “the balance is clearly ff” in paragraph 4?
A. Schls are nt ding enugh t limit phne use.
B Technlgy cmpanies refuse t change their designs.
C. Passive screen time has replaced real-life experiences.
D. Parents are lsing cntrl f their kids’ nline activities.
60. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk.B. T criticize a view in a bk.
C. T share parenting challenges.D. T intrduce the histry f technlgy.
【答案】57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了Jnathan Haidt的畅销书《焦虑的一代》的核心观点——智能手机和社交媒体是青少年心理健康危机的主因，并肯定了该书引发的社会影响与立法行动。作者结合自身育儿经历，指出现实生活被屏幕挤占的现状，认为这本书能促使人们批判性反思科技产品的影响。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Haidt’s arguments and apprach have been challenged by critics (批评者), many f whm pint ut that his wrk desn’t refer t the many ther ptential factrs at play affecting mental health.(Haidt的观点和研究方法遭到了批评者的质疑，他们中许多人指出，他的研究没有提及其他诸多影响心理健康的潜在因素)”许多批评者认为《焦虑的一代》这本书忽略了影响心理健康的其他潜在因素。故选D。
【58题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“It’s nt that these technlgies are all bad, but their addictive design, and the lack f cultural nrms and especially regulatins arund such devices, have shaped peple’s use f them in ften damaging and destructive ways. Endless elements f day-t-day life, including learning and scializatin especially fr yung peple, have been negatively impacted.(并不是说这些技术全都不好，而是它们易让人上瘾的设计，再加上对此类设备缺乏相应的行为规范，尤其是监管缺失，使得人们的使用方式常常带来危害与不良后果。日常生活中的方方面面，尤其是青少年的学习和社交，都受到了负面影响)”可知，本段主要介绍了技术产品的负面影响。故选B。
【59题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“While it is ften exciting t have the wrld at yur fingertips — my teenager has learned hw t handmake pasta with the help f nline vides, and I have happily spent precius hurs nline watching interviews f sme f my favrite writers — it’s hard t deny the increasing lsses when real-life trial-and-errr gives way t passive viewing. Fr many, the balance is clearly ff.(虽然世界尽在指尖常常令人兴奋——我的孩子就靠着网络视频学会了手工做意大利面，我也开心地花了不少宝贵时间在网上看喜欢的作家访谈——但不可否认，当现实中的亲身试错被被动浏览取代，我们失去的越来越多。对很多人来说，这种平衡显然已经被打破了)”可知，被动的屏幕时间已经替代了现实生活体验，平衡被打破。故选C。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“What seems especially amazing abut The Anxius Generatin is that it can get peple thinking mre critically abut the prducts that shape their everyday lives. The bk feels like an imprtant antidte t the daily pull and messaging f the nline wrld.(《焦虑的一代》最令人惊奇的地方在于，它能让人们更批判性地思考塑造他们日常生活的产品。这本书感觉像是针对网络世界日常吸引力和信息的重要解药)”以及全文内容可知，全文围绕《焦虑的一代》展开，介绍其观点并肯定其价值，目的是推荐这本书。故选A。
15.（2026·北京顺义·一模）
Mre than 50 years ag, Jane Gdall amazed the scientific cmmunity by reprting that chimpanzees were using tls t fish fr insects. This bservatin was astnishing, as scientists believed tl-making was a uniquely human feature. Tday, the evidence that many ther species learn frm each ther and have cultural ways f behaving is vast. A recent special issue highlights evidence frm whales t wallabies (沙袋鼠), shwing learning frm thers is widespread acrss the animal kingdm.
Fr many species, culturally transmitted (传承的) behaviur can be missin-critical: an imprtant way t share survival skills r t adapt t changing envirnments. In cnservatin, these insights are starting t reshape practice, frm reintrductins t managing cnflicts between humans and wildlife ver habitat use. Meanwhile, the idea f “lngevity cnservatin” is gaining attentin as researchers shw that sme f the lngest-living animals have nt nly develped extrardinary genetic adaptatins t cpe with an extended lifetime, but sme are als the keepers f eclgical knwledge shared culturally between generatins. The emerging view is that sme f these lder individuals can hld knwledge critical t adapting t unstable envirnments.
Our evlving understanding als requires us t rethink what we mean by “wrld heritage”. If whales and birds can have cultural traditins t, shuld we treat the lss f their sng r feeding techniques as seriusly as we treat the lss f a human memrial? This will be a stretch fr many, but nt fr all f us.
Many Indigenus (土著的) cmmunities have lng understd that ther species share knwledge. Bttle nse dlphins that help fishers in Brazil are an example f relatinships that culd nly ccur when humans are listening deeply t nature. Perhaps the mst imprtant challenge that lking beynd human cultures presents is t the idea f human exceptinalism. The mre we learn abut ther species’ cultures, the harder it is t deny that we are surrunded by a planet full f “thers”, wh have values and emtins.
It tk mre than 50 years frm Gdall’s reprt fr cnservatin bdies t debate the imprtance f nn-human cultures. In the intervening decades, we have begun t chip away at the false belief f human exceptinalism. We already live amng a diversity f ther cultural life frms. Truly absrbing this knwledge might just encurage the far-reaching shift we need if we are t meet ur respnsibilities as guardians f this rich bi-cultural diversity.
61. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Genetic adaptatins rely n knwledge sharing.
B. Using tls is a unique feature fr chimpanzees.
C. Lng-lived animals transmit knwledge acrss generatins.
D. Changing envirnments hld back the cultural transmissin.
62. Hw des the authr feel abut the pssibility f the lss f animal cultures?
A. Puzzled.B. Cncerned.C. Dubtful.D. Hpeless.
63. What des the authr mainly cnvey by mentining Indigenus cmmunities?
A The recgnitin f animal cultures is lng-standing.
B. The prtectin f animal cultures is challenging.
C. Animals have extrardinary intelligence.
D. Animals are great partners t humans.
64. What is implied in this passage?
A. Cnservatin bdies questin the value f animal cultures.
B. Knwledge hlds the pwer t restre bidiversity.
C. Human false beliefs are easy t change.
D. We need a real cultural awakening.
【答案】61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是动物文化的存在、重要性及其对人类认知和保护实践的影响。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the idea f “lngevity cnservatin” is gaining attentin as researchers shw that sme f the lngest-living animals have nt nly develped extrardinary genetic adaptatins t cpe with an extended lifetime, but sme are als the keepers f eclgical knwledge shared culturally between generatins.(与此同时，“长寿保护”的理念也逐渐受到关注，因为研究人员发现，一些寿命最长的动物不仅已经进化出非凡的基因适应能力以应对漫长的生命周期，而且其中一些还是代代相传的生态知识的守护者，这些知识是通过文化传承下来的。)”可知，长寿的动物会在世代之间传递知识。故选C。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“If whales and birds can have cultural traditins t, shuld we treat the lss f their sng r feeding techniques as seriusly as we treat the lss f a human memrial?(如果鲸鱼和鸟类也能拥有文化传统，那么我们是否应该像对待人类的纪念物那样严肃地对待它们歌声或觅食方式的丧失呢？)”可知，作者对于动物文化的可能消亡这一情况的态度是担忧的，故选B。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Many Indigenus (土著的) cmmunities have lng understd that ther species share knwledge. Bttle nse dlphins that help fishers in Brazil are an example f relatinships that culd nly ccur when humans are listening deeply t nature.(许多原住民社区早就明白，其他物种也拥有知识。在巴西，帮助渔民的瓶鼻海豚就是这种关系的一个例证，这种关系只有当人类深入倾听自然时才会出现。)”可知，作者提及原住民社区时主要想传达的信息是对动物文化的认可由来已久。故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We already live amng a diversity f ther cultural life frms. Truly absrbing this knwledge might just encurage the far-reaching shift we need if we are t meet ur respnsibilities as guardians f this rich bi-cultural diversity.(我们已经生活在一个由各种不同文化生物形态组成的环境中。如果我们想要履行作为这一丰富生物文化多样性的守护者的责任，那么真正理解这一知识或许能够促使我们实现必要的重大转变。)”可知，我们需要一场真正的文化觉醒，以认识到并尊重其他物种的文化，故选D。
命题预测
分析近年高考英语阅读理解 C、D 篇命题规律，观念、事理、现象类是高频压轴题材，选材多来自英美主流报刊、心理研究、社会观察、教育评论、生活哲学，聚焦社会现象、心理规律、认知误区、行为逻辑、生活哲理、价值观念。文章逻辑性极强、观点鲜明、论证严密，长难句与对比结构密集，侧重考查逻辑推理、观点态度、主旨概括、词义猜测。2026 年高考仍会重点考查，命题更贴近青年成长、心理认知、社会反思、科技伦理、生活选择，强调辩证思维与理性判断。
高频考法
推理判断题
标题归纳题
细节理解题
词义猜测题
主旨大意题
观点态度 / 写作意图题