高考英语二轮训练-阅读理解议论文5年真题16题+最新模拟79题（技能+真题+模拟）教师版

这是一份高考英语二轮训练-阅读理解议论文5年真题16题+最新模拟79题（技能+真题+模拟）教师版，共95页。
目录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 9
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
三、形容词适配题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词，确定最佳答案。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
五、解题步骤：
这类文章通过写人记事来揭示文章的主题，显示其社会意义，一般采用顺序或倒叙来叙述。题目经常是一些细节问题。考查的方面可以是原因和其中引发的思考。阅读这类文章要理清思路。
1、浏览试题，明确要求。
在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项。知道了问题后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。
2、通读全文，抓住重点。
在不影响理解的前提下，尽可能地阅读以便在尽可能短的时间内理解文章或段落的内容。阅读时，如遇到不熟悉的单词、词组或一时看不懂的句子，不要停下来苦思冥想，继续读下去，通过上下文的词语和句子可能就理解了。
3、关注中心思想和段落大意。
通读全文时，要特别注意主题句。每篇文章或每个段落都有与文章有关的句子，尤其是科技、政论性文章的主题句一般都在文章的开头或结尾，插在中间的很少。所以，文章的第一段或开头的第一、二个句子往往包含着文章的中心思想、作者的意图或全文的概述，因此要特别注意，彻底理解。
4、针对性地阅读寻找所需信息。
在前面的基础上，可进行有针对性地阅读了。把与问题无关的内容一扫而过，而对于和问题有关的内容认真阅读，还可以用笔在下面做出记号。再把这些信息与问题的要求结合起来，逐条分析，综合判断，找出正确答案。
5、进行合理的推理判断。
对文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之间的关系，做出推理判断。在进行推理判断的时候，需要综合考虑句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6、认真复读，验证答案。
要用全文的中心思想统帅各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，并依次审核那些还未打上的题目，确保理解无误。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin — a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin? ” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
30. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is _________.
. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
31. It is implied in this passage that we shuld _________.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D. turn simulatins f the universe int realities up.
【答案】28. C29. B30. A31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于cntingent n我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词cncepts and wrds，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
30.推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
31.推理判断题。根据第四段“There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
真题演练02（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
1. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
2. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
4. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. dubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
真题演练03（2021·北京·高考真题）Early fifth-century philspher St. Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him. Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it. Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking.
Frget abut time as an abslute. What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance. What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming. We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes. We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect.
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics. It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes. Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet. Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies.
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena. In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn. Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival. Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext. Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse.
5. What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature.
B. Everyne can define time n their wn terms.
C. The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it.
D. Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists.
6. The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________.
A. present an assumptinB. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experimentD. intrduce an apprach
7. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life.
B. New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems.
C. Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer.
D. Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame.
8. What can we infer frm this passage？
A. It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time.
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D. Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality.
5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C
【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking. (即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St. Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance. (我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if ur definitin f time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect. （如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance. (我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival. Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。
真题演练04（2020·北京·高考真题）Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
Sme f tday’s AI pineers want t mve n frm tday’s wrld f “weak” r “narrw” AI, t create “strng” r “full” AI, r what is ften called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In sme respects, tday’s pwerful cmputing machines already make ur brains lk weak. AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems. DM, a cmpany fcused n the develpment f AGI, has an ambitin t “slve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their missin statement reads, “we believe this will be ne f the mst imprtant and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities f any man, hwever clever.” Gd went n t suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” culd be “the last inventin that man need ever make.”
Fears abut the appearance f bad, pwerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinfrced (强化) by many wrks f fictin — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminatr film series, fr example. But if AI des eventually prve t be ur dwnfall, it is unlikely t be at the hands f human-shaped frms like these, with recgnisably human mtivatins such as aggressin (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxfrd University philspher Nick Bstrm, wh believes that the heaviest risks frm AGI d nt cme frm a decisin t turn against mankind but rather frm a dgged pursuit f set bjectives at the expense f everything else.
The prmise and danger f true AGI are great. But all f tday’s excited discussin abut these pssibilities presuppses the fact that we will be able t build these systems. And, having spken t many f the wrld’s fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see AGI any time sn, if ever.
9. What des the underlined wrd “ubiquitus” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A. Enrmus in quantity.B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality.D. Present everywhere.
10. What culd AGI d fr us, accrding t its supprters?
A. Help t tackle prblems.B. Make brains mre active.
C. Benefit ambitius peple.D. Set up pwerful databases.
11. As fr Irving Gd’s pinin n ultra-intelligent machines, the authr is ____________.
A. supprtiveB. disapprving
C. fearfulD. uncertain
12. What can be inferred abut AGI frm the passage?
A. It may be nly a dream.
B. It will cme int being sn.
C. It will be cntrlled by humans.
D. It may be mre dangerus than ever.
9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
9. 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help t tackle prblems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities f any man, hwever clever.”(自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为Irving Gd对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapprving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spken t many f the wrld's fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see A GI any time sn, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be nly a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
（23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）All ver the wrld, frmal educatin supplies the ecnmy with wrkers wh will increase prductivity t fuel the ecnmic machine. But this machine nw threatens ur very survival. If the entire wrld reaches the levels f cnsumptin seen in high-incme cuntries tday, we’ll need multiple planet Earths t supply the resurces. The absurd (荒谬的) idea f infinite grwth within a finite territry is at the heart f ur ecnmic system.
T keep this machine running, frmal educatin generates ever mre efficient “human capital”. Increasing prductivity metrics (指标) rather than the individuality f students drives ur civilizatin’s apprach t schling ur yung peple. Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it.
Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures — nt abut reimagining their fundatins.
Essentially, ur educatin systems shape children in the image f artificial intelligence. The perfect “wrker”, AI, cntinually imprves its wn prductivity but desn’t challenge the larger structures within which it perates. It is ne f the great paradxes f ur time that we invest s much int building supercmputers while marginalizing the imaginative ptential f millins f human brains. What’s mre, we even put ur hpe in slving the envirnmental crisis n AI. But AI, like ur ther technlgies, can nly treat the symptms f the envirnmental crisis, nt the causes
Thrughut histry, achievers f great change have relied n their imaginatins t address fundamental flaws in sciety. In my cuntry f birth, cmmunists kept their dreams f demcracy alive fr decades by imagining different futures. In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激进的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth.
The kind f intelligence that Nelsn Mandela and such pssessed was nt artificial. The ability t reimagine the future and disrupt the current situatin remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and questin the premises f sciety. In my research, I have bserved that yunger children are ften the mst radical in imagining different futures.
As lng as ur imaginatin is curtailed, ideas like degrwth sund utpian (乌托邦的) t many, Cultivating imaginatin means learning frm histry’s disrupters wh made the impssible pssible. Instead f dismissing “childish” ideas abut the wrld’s future, it means seeing inspiratin in children’s imaginatins. In an educatin system that celebrates imaginatin, arts and creativity are as imprtant as math and science. Idealism cexists with pragmatism. The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival.
1．The authr hpes educatin can play its rle in ________.
A．develping human resurces
B．prmting sustainable develpment
C．increasing prductivity
D．maximizing ecnmic grwth
2．Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A．imaginatin isn’t well develped in schls
B．AI helps explit the ptential f human brains
C．graduates’ success changes the scial structures
D．AI can address the rt cause f ecnmic crisis
3．Nelsn Mandela is mentined as _________.
A．a success in building a fair sciety
B．a leader wh had a great influence
C．a pineer pssessing the quality f AI
D．an inspiratin t slve scial prblems
4．Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that _________.
A．children’s imaginatin ensures human’s survival
B．the envirnmental crisis results frm technlgy
C．imaginatin can help slve envirnmental crisis
D．the “childish” ideas will ruin the wrld’s future
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕当前教育系统如何影响人类应对环境危机的能力展开讨论，提出了对现有教育模式的批判，并强调了培养想象力和创新能力的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它)”可推知，作者希望教育能在促进可持续发展方面发挥作用。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures — nt abut reimagining their fundatins. (从小到大，我所受的学校教育都没有培养我想象一个不同于我所看到的世界的能力。此外，我意识到对儿童想象力的压制不仅发生在资源匮乏的社区，也发生在鼓吹“批判性思维”的“精英”机构。学校希望看到他们的毕业生成功，而成功往往是维持现有的结构，而不是重新构想他们的基础)”可推知，学校教育中想象力并未得到充分发展。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激进的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth. (在南非，Nelsn Mandela的追随者必须在他们的想象中变得激进，才能创造一个更公平的社会。生活在极权主义政权下想象民主与生活在无限增长的世界里想象去增长并没有什么不同)”可推知，提及Nelsn Mandela是为了强调其作为历史变革者的角色，他拥有重新构想未来的独特人类特质，从而激励人们解决社会问题，作为一个解决社会问题的灵感来源。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它)”和最后一段中的“The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival. (环境危机不是技术或科学的危机，而是想象力的危机。如果我们让孩子成为我们的向导，我们也许能够想象我们的生存之路)”可知，作者认为想象力是解决环境危机的关键，如果释放孩子们的想象力并从中得到启发，我们或许能够想象出通往生存的道路。由此推知，作者同意想象力有助于解决环境危机的观点。故选C。
（23-24高二上·北京石景山·期末）There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the wrld tday, s it’s nt nly necessary, but als essential t have a gd sense f humr just t help us tide thrugh difficult times in ur lives. Putting a smile n smene’s face when yu knw they are feeling depressed, as the saying ges, makes me feel gd and warms my heart.
Hw wuld yu feel if yu culd nt jke arund with yur wife, husband, child, c-wrker, neighbr, clse friend, r even just smene that yu are standing in line with at yur crner stre? I am always saying things that make thers smile r laugh, even if I dn’t knw the persn I’m jking arund with. My Grandma always fund humr in everything she did, even if it was the hardest jb anyne culd imagine. This nt nly relieves stress in any situatin, but als is cmmn curtesy (礼貌) t speak t thers that are arund yu.
I knw f a few peple that dn’t have a funny bne in their bdies, as they say. Everyne arund them culd be rlling n the flr after hearing a great jke and they wuld sit there withut the slightest smile n their face. They dn’t get the jke that makes thers laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, lking at me as if I were frm uter space. Hw can peple nt get a really funny jke?
Laughing is essential t keeping yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness in this present wrld. It drives peple crazy. We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
5．What is the authr’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A．Psitive.B．Satisfied.C．Critical.D．Indifferent.
6．The authr answers the questin in the secnd paragraph with.
A．evidence and argumentB．pinins and persuasin
C．examples and cnclusinD．descriptins and analysis
7．The phrase “busting a gut” underlined in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by .
A．speaking ludlyB．laughing hard
C．acting strangelyD．explaining carefully
8．In writing the passage, the authr mainly intends t .
A．talk abut his wn understanding f humr
B．intrduce a practical way t get thrugh daily life
C．encurage peple t make jkes abut serius matters
D．cnvince peple f the pwer f being ptimistic abut life
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是幽默和笑的重要性。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the wrld tday(当今世界存在着残酷的战争、战斗和悲伤)”可知，作者对当今世界持批评的态度，故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“I am always saying things that make thers smile r laugh, even if I dn’t knw the persn I’m jking arund with. My Grandma always fund humr in everything she did, even if it was the hardest jb anyne culd imagine. This nt nly relieves stress in any situatin, but als is cmmn curtesy (礼貌) t speak t thers that are arund yu.(我总是说一些让别人微笑或大笑的话，即使我不知道和我开玩笑的人是谁。我奶奶总是在她做的每件事中找到幽默，即使那是任何人能想象到的最困难的工作。这不仅在任何情况下都能缓解压力，而且对你周围的人说话也是一种礼貌。)”可知，第二段用证据来说明幽默的好处，因此是通过证据与论证来回答第二段的问题，故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Everyne arund them culd be rlling n the flr after hearing a great jke and they wuld sit there withut the slightest smile n their face. They dn’t get the jke that makes thers laugh.(他们周围的每个人都可能在听到一个很棒的笑话后在地板上打滚，他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝微笑。他们听不懂让别人发笑的笑话。)”和“while they just sit there(而他们只是坐在那里)”可知，作者听到笑话会笑得很厉害，划线短语busting a gut的意思是“大笑”。故选B。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.(我们都需要找到一种方法来绕过悲伤，给我们的生活带来一点光明。所以，我相信我们最好的药是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起笑得开心。)”可知，本文作者给大家论述了幽默和笑的重要性，因此目的是让人们相信对生活保持乐观的力量。故选D。
（2024·北京东城·二模）Yu might nt think that an AI capable f making music wuld stimulate yur emtin, but thers think differently, particularly thse wh gathered at Mexic City’s Symphny Hall in 2019 fr Schubert’s Unfinished Symphny, which I finished using meldies generated by an AI.
As the rchestra (管弦乐团) finished Schubert’s riginal wrk and began the music the AI and I had written, I culd feel the crwd’s energy shift frm astnishment t indignatin and fear. They seemed afraid that an AI might be able t make emtinal symphnic music. Yu can see their pint: an AI that makes emtinal music culd affect the emtinal lives f thusands r even millins f peple in a small, but prfund way, just like a human musician des.
Psitive and negative, peple reacted very strngly t AI’s symphnic debut (首秀). Even thugh mst peple dn’t believe that AI can create smething enjyable, they, at least partly, did enjy the Unfinished Symphny.
Enjyment in music implies that there’s smething in the music that the listener cnnects t, a perceptin f shared emtin. But, in the case f AI music, an emtin shared with wh? AI, as f yet, has n emtins. S what is the meaning f music made withut an emtinal cmpser? The unsatisfying answer is that music has n bjective meaning. A cmpser can decide hw a piece f music sunds, but it’s the listener that decides what it means.
N matter hw it’s created, music desn’t exist in a vacuum (真空) t the listener. The meaning we assign t music depends n its cntext — hw the piece cnnects t ther elements in ur lives. Withut cntext, music is like the results f a game whse rules have been lst. The cntext fr a music is part f wh yu are. The music is emtinal t yu because yu have the cntext t appreciate it. As it cntinues t evlve, AI music will develp its wn cntext. Certainly, it’ll be different frm human-made music. It’ll mix existing genres t create new nes; it’ll cmbine instruments that we wuldn’t think f cmbining. Its rules will be different.
I’m nw always asked the same questin: “Wh put the emtin in that music: yu, the cmpser, r the AI?” But that’s nt the questin they really want t ask, thugh. There’s a deeper questin that mst peple are t afraid t ask right nw: “Are my emtins s simple that they can be maneuvered by a machine?”
In my experience, this culd be pssible ne day. If a mdestly capable music AI in 2019 culd stir up emtins f an audience, maybe AI can have a mre pwerful effect n ur emtinal lives than we’d like t admit.
9．The audience reacted strngly t the symphny mainly due t ______.
A．their dubts abut AI’s capabilities
B．their uneasiness abut AI’s influence
C．the rchestra’s brilliant presentatin f AI music
D．the likeness between AI music and the riginal wrk
10．What might the authr agree with?
A．AI pses little impact n peple’s emtins.
B．Music bears n intended emtinal meaning.
C．AI music will utperfrm human-made music.
D．The cntext reflects peple’s interpretatin f music.
11．What des the wrd “maneuvered” underlined in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A．Refreshed.B．Challenged.C．Revealed.D．Directed.
12．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Are Cmpsers T Be Replaced?
B．Wuld AI Music Be a Rising Trend?
C．Culd AI Make Music That Mves Yu?
D．Was the Unfinished Symphny Successful?
【答案】9．B 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能是否能创作出富含情感的音乐的问题，论述了作者对于音乐中情感的看法。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“As the rchestra (管弦乐团) finished Schubert’s riginal wrk and began the music the AI and I had written, I culd feel the crwd’s energy shift frm astnishment t indignatin and fear. They seemed afraid that an AI might be able t make emtinal symphnic music. Yu can see their pint: an AI that makes emtinal music culd affect the emtinal lives f thusands r even millins f peple in a small, but prfund way, just like a human musician des.(当管弦乐队演奏完舒伯特的原创作品，开始演奏人工智能和我共同创作的音乐时，我能感觉到观众的情绪从惊讶转变为愤怒和恐惧。他们似乎担心人工智能可能会创作出充满情感的交响乐。你可以看到他们的观点：一个制作情感音乐的人工智能可以以一种微小但深刻的方式影响数千甚至数百万人的情感生活，就像一个人类音乐家一样。)”可知，观众之所以对交响曲反应强烈，主要是因为对人工智能的影响感到不安。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“AI, as f yet, has n emtins. S what is the meaning f music made withut an emtinal cmpser? The unsatisfying answer is that music has n bjective meaning. A cmpser can decide hw a piece f music sunds, but it’s the listener that decides what it means.(到目前为止，人工智能还没有情感。那么，没有情感作曲家的音乐有什么意义呢?令人不满意的答案是，音乐没有客观意义。作曲家可以决定一段音乐的声音，但听众可以决定它的意义。)”可知，作者可能会同意音乐没有预期的情感含义。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yu can see their pint: an AI that makes emtinal music culd affect the emtinal lives f thusands r even millins f peple in a small, but prfund way, just like a human musician des.(你可以看到他们的观点：一个制作情感音乐的人工智能可以以一种微小但深刻的方式影响数千甚至数百万人的情感生活，就像一个人类音乐家一样。)”以及划线词上文“Are my emtins s simple that they can be”和后文“by a machine”可知，人工智能制作的音乐可以影响数千甚至数百万人的情感生活，所以大多数人不敢问的问题是：我的情绪是否简单到可以被机器操纵？故划线词意思是“操纵”，与D选项Directed“指示，指导”意思最接近。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Psitive and negative, peple reacted very strngly t AI’s symphnic debut (首秀). Even thugh mst peple dn’t believe that AI can create smething enjyable, they, at least partly, did enjy the Unfinished Symphny.(不管是正面还是负面，人们对AI的交响乐首演反应非常强烈。尽管大多数人不相信人工智能可以创造出令人愉快的东西，但他们（至少在一定程度上）确实喜欢《未完成的交响曲》)”结合文章主要讨论了人工智能是否能创作出富含情感的音乐的问题，论述了作者对于音乐中情感的看法。可知，C选项“人工智能能做出打动你的音乐吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2024·北京·三模）Is it pssible t persuade mankind t live withut war? War is an ancient institutin, which has ccurred ever since men were rganized int units larger than the family. In the past human race managed t survive it. Why shuld it nt cntinue t survive even if wars g n ccurring frm time t time? Mrever, peple like war, and will feel frustrated withut it. And withut war there will be n adequate pprtunity fr herism r self-sacrifice.
Mdem technlgy has changed this. Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law. It is nt easy t change very ld mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are thse wh say that the adptin f this r that idelgy (意识形态) wuld prevent war. I believe this t be a big errr. All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.
The mvement f wrld pinin during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcme. It has becme a cmmnplace that nuclear war must be avided. Of curse very difficult prblems remain in the wrld, but the spirit in which they are being apprached is a better ne than it was sme years ag. It has begun t be thught, even by the pwerful men wh decide whether we shall live r die, that negtiatins shuld reach agreements even if bth sides d nt find these agreements whlly satisfactry. It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between different cuntries, but between man and the atm bmb.
13．Frm the passage we can learn that war nw is ______.
A．as bad as in the pastB．wrse than in the past
C．as necessary as in the pastD．nt s dangerus as in the past
14．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Men, as well as war, will have t make the ultimate chice between the tw.
B．Mdern technlgy has empwered man t chse whether t have war r nt.
C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided t abandn war nce and fr all.
D．Peple will eventually destry themselves if they chse t g t war at mdern times.
15．As fr idelgy, what des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Certain idelgy is superir regarding its truthfulness.
B．It is useless t adpt an idelgy t prevent war.
C．Nt every idelgy is nt wrth fighting fr.
D．It is wrng t fllw any idelgy.
16．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．War r N War, That Is A Questin
B．Nuclear Weapns Bring the End f Human Race
C．Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin
D．Frm Idelgy t Negtiatin: A New Apprach t Internatinal Cnflicts
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Mdem technlgy has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以及“Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文内容。故选C。
（2024·北京海淀·一模）“Assume yu are wrng.” The advice came frm Brian Nsek, a psychlgy prfessr, wh was ffering a strategy fr pursuing better science.
T understand the cntext fr Nsek’s advice, we need t take a step back t the nature f science itself. Yu see despite what many f us learned in elementary schl, there is n single scientific methd. Just as scientific theries becme elabrated and change, s d scientific methds.
But methdlgical refrm hasn’t cme withut sme fretting and frictin. Nasty things have been said by and abut methdlgical refrmers. Few peple like having the value f their life’s wrk called int questin. On the ther side, few peple are gd at vicing criticisms in kind and cnstructive ways. S, part f the challenge is figuring ut hw t bake critical self-reflectin int the culture f science itself, s it unflds as a welcme and integrated part f the prcess, and nt an embarrassing sideshw.
What Nsek recmmended was a strategy fr changing the way we ffer and respnd t critique. Assuming yu are right might be a mtivating frce, sustaining the enrmus effrt that cnducting scientific wrk requires. But it als makes it easy t interpret criticisms as persnal attacks. Beginning, instead, frm the assumptin yu are wrng, a criticism is easier t interpret as a cnstructive suggestin fr hw t be less wrng — a gal that yur critic presumably shares.
One wrry abut this apprach is that it culd be demralizing fr scientists. Striving t be less wrng might be a less effective mtivatin than the prmise f being right. Anther cncern is that a strategy that wrks well within science culd backfire when it cmes t cmmunicating science with the public. Withut an appreciatin fr hw science wrks, it’s easy t take uncertainty r disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect sme f the very features f science that make it ur best apprach t reaching reliable cnclusins abut the wrld. Science is reliable because it respnds t evidence: as the quantity and quality f ur evidence imprves, ur theries can and shuld change, t.
Despite these wrries, I like Nsek’s suggestin because it builds in cgnitive humility alng with a sense that we can d better. It als builds in a sense f cmmunity — we’re all in the same bat when it cmes t falling shrt f getting things right.
Unfrtunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypthesis (假说): that assuming ne is wrng can change cmmunity nrms fr the better, and ultimately supprt better science and even, perhaps, better decisins in life. I dn’t knw if that’s true. In fact, I shuld prbably assume that it’s wrng. But with the benefit f the scientific cmmunity and ur best methdlgical tls, I hpe we can get it less wrng, tgether.
17．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A．Refrmers tend t devalue researchers’ wrk.
B．Scientists are unwilling t express kind criticisms.
C．Peple hld wrng assumptins abut the culture f science.
D．The scientific cmmunity shuld practice critical self-reflectin.
18．The strategy f “assuming yu are wrng” may cntribute t ______.
A．the enrmus effrts f scientists at wrk
B．the reliability f ptential research results
C．the public’s passin fr scientific findings
D．the imprvement in the quality f evidence
19．The underlined wrd “demralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A．discuragingB．ineffectiveC．unfairD．misleading
20．The tne the authr uses in talking abut the untested hypthesis is ______.
A．dubtful but sincereB．disapprving but sft
C．authritative and directD．reflective and humrus
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNsek提出“假定自己是错的”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methdlgical refrm hasn’t cme withut sme fretting and frictin. Nasty things have been said by and abut methdlgical refrmers. Few peple like having the value f their life’s wrk called int questin. On the ther side, few peple are gd at vicing criticisms in kind and cnstructive ways. S, part f the challenge is figuring ut hw t bake critical self-reflectin int the culture f science itself, s it unflds as a welcme and integrated part f the prcess, and nt an embarrassing sideshw.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, frm the assumptin yu are wrng, a criticism is easier t interpret as a cnstructive suggestin fr hw t be less wrng — a gal that yur critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Withut an appreciatin fr hw science wrks, it’s easy t take uncertainty r disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect sme f the very features f science that make it ur best apprach t reaching reliable cnclusins abut the wrld. Science is reliable because it respnds t evidence: as the quantity and quality f ur evidence imprves, ur theries can and shuld change, t.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One wrry abut this apprach is that it culd be demralizing fr scientists. Striving t be less wrng might be a less effective mtivatin than the prmise f being right. Anther cncern is that a strategy that wrks well within science culd backfire when it cmes t cmmunicating science with the public. Withut an appreciatin fr hw science wrks, it’s easy t take uncertainty r disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。
20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these wrries, I like Nsek’s suggestin because it builds in cgnitive humility alng with a sense that we can d better. It als builds in a sense f cmmunity — we’re all in the same bat when it cmes t falling shrt f getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfrtunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypthesis: that assuming ne is wrng can change cmmunity nrms fr the better, and ultimately supprt better science and even, perhaps, better decisins in life. I dn’t knw if that’s true. In fact, I shuld prbably assume that it’s wrng. But with the benefit f the scientific cmmunity and ur best methdlgical tls, I hpe we can get it less wrng, tgether.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。
（2024·北京延庆·一模）It is rapidly emerging as ne f the mst imprtant technlgical, and increasingly idelgical, divides f ur times: shuld pwerful generative artificial intelligence systems be pen r clsed?
Supprters say they braden access t the technlgy, stimulate innvatin and imprve reliability by encuraging utside scrutiny. Far cheaper t develp and deply, smaller pen mdels als inject cmpetitin int a field dminated by big US cmpanies such as Ggle. Micrsft and OpenAI that have invested billins develping massive, clsed and clsely cntrlled generative Al systems.
But detractrs argue pen mdels risk lifting the lid n a Pandra’s bx f trubles. Bad actrs can explit them t spread persnalised disinfrmatin, while terrrists might use them t manufacture cyber r bi weapns. “The danger f pen surce is that it enables mre crazies t d crazy things, “Geffrey Hintn, ne f the pineers f mdern AI, has warned.
The histry f OpenAI, which develped the ppular ChatGPT chatbt, is itself instructive. As its name suggests, the research cmpany was funded in 2015 with a cmmitment t develp the technlgy as penly as pssible. But it later abandned that apprach fr bth cmpetitive and safety reasns. Once OpenAI realised that its generative AI mdels were ging t be “unbelievably ptent”, it made little sense t pen surce them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI’s chief scientist said.
Supprters f pen mdels hit back, ridiculing the idea that pen generative AI mdels enable peple t access infrmatin they culd nt therwise find frm the internet r a rgue scientist. They als highlight the cmpetitive self-interest f the big tech cmpanies in shuting abut the dangers f pen mdels, whse intentin is t establish their wn market dminance strngly.
But there is an idelgical dimensin t this debate, t. Yann LeCun, chief scientist f Meta, has likened the arguments fr cntrlling the technlgy t medieval bscurantism (蒙昧主义): the belief that nly a self-selecting priesthd f experts is wise enugh t handle knwledge.
In the future, all ur interactins with the vast digital repsitry f human knwledge will be mediated thrugh Al systems. We shuld nt want a handful f Silicn Valley cmpanies t cntrl that access. Just as the internet flurished by resisting attempts t enclse it, s AI will thrive by remaining pen, LeCun argues.
Wendy Hall, ryal prfessr f cmputer science at Suthamptn university, says we d nt want t live in a wrld where nly the big cmpanies run generative Al. Nr d we want t allw users t d anything they like with pen mdels. “We have t find sme cmprmise,” she suggests.
We shuld certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) f the binary (二进制) when it cmes t thinking abut AI mdels. Bth pen and clsed mdels have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities f these mdels evlve, we will cnstantly have t tweak the weightings between cmpetitin and cntrl.
21．What des the underlined wrd “ptent” in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A．Accessible. B．Pwerful. C．Significant. D．Unnticeable.
22．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．It needs billins f dllars t develp and deply pen-surce mdels.
B．The field f generative AI systems is dminated by big cmpanies.
C．Only self-selecting experts can handle pen mdels wisely.
D．Users can d anything they like with pen mdels at this mment.
23．Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestins, the authr is ______.
A．sympatheticB．puzzledC．uncncernedD．ppsed
24．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Keep the Lid n the Pandra’s Bx f Open AI
B．Divides n Open AI: technlgy and idelgy
C．Where des the Debate n Open AI End
D．Prs and Cns f Open AI
【答案】21．B 22．B 23．A 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“生成式人工智能系统应该是开放的还是封闭的”这一论题展开，分析了开放和封闭两种观点的支持者和反对者的论据，以及这一争论背后的技术、安全和意识形态等方面的考量。
21．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一段““The danger f pen surce is that it enables mre crazies t d crazy things, “Geffrey Hintn, ne f the pineers f mdern AI, has warned. (现代人工智能的先驱之一Geffrey Hintn警告称：“开源的危险在于，它让更多的疯子能够做疯狂的事情。”)”可推测，OpenAI意识到其生成式人工智能模型功能很强大。选项A“Accessible (可进入的)”；选项B“Pwerful (强大的)”；选项C“Significant (重要的)”；选项D“Unnticeable (未被注意的)”。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Far cheaper t develp and deply, smaller pen mdels als inject cmpetitin int a field dminated by big US cmpanies such as Ggle. Micrsft and OpenAI that have invested billins develping massive, clsed and clsely cntrlled generative Al systems. (更小的开放式模型的开发和部署成本要低得多，也为谷歌(Ggle)等美国大公司主导的领域注入了竞争。微软和OpenAI已经投入数十亿美元开发大规模、封闭和严格控制的生成人工智能系统。)”可推测出，生成式AI系统领域主要由大公司主导。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Wendy Hall, ryal prfessr f cmputer science at Suthamptn university, says we d nt want t live in a wrld where nly the big cmpanies run generative Al. Nr d we want t allw users t d anything they like with pen mdels. “We have t find sme cmprmise,” she suggests. (南安普顿大学计算机科学皇家教授Wendy Hall表示，我们不希望生活在一个只有大公司运行生成式人工智能的世界里，也不希望允许用户用开放模型做任何他们喜欢的事情。“我们必须找到一些妥协”，她建议道。)”以及最后一段“We shuld certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) f the binary (二进制) when it cmes t thinking abut AI mdels. Bth pen and clsed mdels have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities f these mdels evlve, we will cnstantly have t tweak the weightings between cmpetitin and cntrl. (在考虑人工智能模型时，我们当然应该抵制二进制的暴政。开放和封闭模式都有各自的优点和缺点。随着这些模型功能的发展，我们将不断调整竞争和控制之间的权重。)”可推测，作者对于Wendy Hall的建议表示了理解和同情。Wendy Hall认为，尽管开放模型可能带来风险，但我们应该努力解决这些问题，而不是简单地封闭这些系统。作者通过引用Wendy Hall的观点，表达了对她这一立场的理解和支持，认为她提出的观点是合理和有见地的。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It is rapidly emerging as ne f the mst imprtant technlgical, and increasingly idelgical, divides f ur times: shuld pwerful generative artificial intelligence systems be pen r clsed? (它正迅速成为我们这个时代最重要的技术和意识形态分歧之一：强大的生成式人工智能系统应该是开放的还是封闭的？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了关于生成式人工智能系统（Open AI）是否应该开放或封闭的争论。选项A“Hw t Keep the Lid n the Pandra’s Bx f Open AI(如何为开放AI的潘多拉魔盒盖上盖子)”恰如其分地抓住了这篇文章的本质，它讨论了在人工智能模型的发展中，需要在开放性和控制力之间取得平衡。它将人工智能的潜力比作潘多拉的盒子，强调了其好处和风险的双重性质。这个标题表明，有必要仔细管理这个“盒子”上的“盖子”，以确保人工智能的潜力得到利用，同时减轻其潜在的危害。故选A。
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）I am ne f the many city peple wh are always saying that given the chice we wuld prefer t live in the cuntry away frm the dirt and nise f a large city. I have managed t cnvince myself that if it weren’t fr my jb I wuld immediately head ut fr the pen spaces and g back t nature in sme sleepy village buried in the cuntry. But hw realistic (现实的) is the dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majrity f the ppulatin live in huge twer blcks, nisy, dirty and unfriendly. The sense f belnging t a grup tends t disappear when yu live fifteen flrs up. Strangely enugh, nwadays peple n the same flr dn’t even say hell t each ther.
Cuntry life, n the ther hand, differs in that a sense f grup generally unites the peple f small villages tgether. Peple have the advantage f knwing that there is always smene t turn t when they need help. But it is als true that yu are cut ff frm the exciting and imprtant events that take place in cities. Shpping becmes a majr prblem, and fr anything slightly ut f the rdinary yu have t g n a trip t the nearest large twn. The city peple are ften wrried by a sense f unbearable stillness and quiet.
What, then, is the answer? The cuntry has the advantage f peace and quiet, but suffers frm the disadvantage f being cut ff. The city raises a feeling f lneliness, and cnstant nise beats the senses. But yu are at the centre f things, and that life desn’t cme t an end at half-past nine at night. Sme peple have fund r rather bught a slutin between the tw: they have expressed their preference fr the “quiet life” by leaving the cities and mving t villages within cmmuting (通勤) distance f large cities.
What then f my dream? I’m eager fr the idea, but yu see there’s my cat, Tby. I’m nt at all sure that he wuld take t all that fresh air and exercise in the lng grass. I mean, can yu see him mixing with all thse energetic males dwn the farm? N, he wuld rather have the electric fire any evening.
25．Which f the fllwing makes city peple unhappy?
A．Clrful life.B．A sense f grup.
C．Clse neighbrhd.D．A feeling f lneliness.
26．What is difficult t buy in the cuntry?
A．Designer clthes.B．Farming tls.
C．Daily supplies.D．Fresh vegetables.
27．We can infer frm the passage the authr ________.
A．enjys living in huge twer blcksB．is in tw minds
C．will cntinue his life in the cityD．will mve t the cuntry
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了城市生活和乡村生活的优缺点。作者对乡村生活抱有向往，但又担心离开城市会带来不便。作者最后提到一些人通过搬到靠近大城市的村庄来寻求城乡结合的平衡。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The sense f belnging t a grup tends t disappear when yu live fifteen flrs up. Strangely enugh, nwadays peple n the same flr dn’t even say hell t each ther.(当你住在15层楼上时，群体归属感往往会消失。奇怪的是，现在同一层楼的人甚至不互相打招呼)”、第三段中“The city peple are ften wrried by a sense f unbearable stillness and quiet.(城里人常常被一种难以忍受的寂静和宁静所困扰)”和第四段中“The city raises a feeling f lneliness(这座城市给人一种孤独的感觉)”可推知，城市生活的人没有群体归属感，被难以忍受的寂静和宁静所困扰，城市给人的孤独感使城市里的人不快乐。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it is als true that yu are cut ff frm the exciting and imprtant events that take place in cities. Shpping becmes a majr prblem, and fr anything slightly ut f the rdinary yu have t g n a trip t the nearest large twn.(但你与城市里发生的激动人心的重要事件隔绝也是事实。购物成了一个大问题，如果要买任何稍微不寻常的东西，你就得去最近的大城市)”可知，在乡村生活购物是一个大问题，名牌服装之类的特别商品很难买到。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What then f my dream? I’m eager fr the idea, but yu see there’s my cat, Tby. I’m nt at all sure that he wuld take t all that fresh air and exercise in the lng grass. I mean, can yu see him mixing with all thse energetic males dwn the farm? N, he wuld rather have the electric fire any evening.(那我的梦想呢?我渴望这个主意，但是，你看看我的猫，托比。我根本不敢确定它会喜欢在长长的草丛里呼吸新鲜空气和运动。你能想象它和农场里那些精力充沛的公猫混在一起吗?不，它宁愿每晚都呆在电暖炉旁)”可知，作者借自己的猫来表达自己的想法，比起回归自然，他更愿意生活在有电暖炉的城市，所以作者会继续在城里生活。故选C项。
（2023·北京东城·二模）September 2022 was apparently the mnth artificial intelligence essay anxiety biled ver in academia, after a user f an AI writing service claimed t be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Mst prfessrs expressed cncern. One wrte, “Grading smething an AI wrte is an incredibly depressing waste f my life.”
As all this nline depressin was playing ut, I asked my students, wh were mstly majrs in writing, t submit a 2,000-wrd prpsal abut a lcal issue. I asked them t rely n the AI as much as pssible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell yu cnfidently that the technlgy just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generatrs nline and put in a lt f effrt. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best wuld have earned smewhere arund a C r C-minus. Many f the essays had bvius red flags fr AI generatin: utdated facts, qutes frm prir university presidents presented as current presidents, fictinal prfessrs and named student rganizatins that dn’t exist. At the same time, the students reprted that using AI required far mre time than simply writing their essays the ld-fashined way wuld have.
There has been a fair amunt written abut the suppsed impressiveness f AI-generated text. There are even several high-prfile AI-written articles, essays r even scientific papers r screenplays that shwcase this impressiveness. In many f these cases, the “authrs” have access t higher-quality language mdels than mst students are currently able t use. But, mre imprtantly, the published examples are generally the plished frm f prfessinal writers and editrs. In cntrast, many f my students’ AI-generated essays shwed the cmmn prblems f student writing—uncertainty abut the apprpriate writing style, issues with rganizatin and transitins, and incnsistent paragraphing. Obviusly, prducing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill t prduce apprpriate utputs.
My experimental s tells me that a gd assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If yur assignment is “Describe the reasns fr the U.S. Civil War”, yu are mre likely t get AI r dwnladed essay submissins. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students t address lcal issues f cncern. There are just nt enugh relevant examples in the data the AI text generatrs are drawing frm.
It has been just ver five years since cmputer scientists declared, “We shuld stp training radilgists(放射科医生) nw. Deep learning is ging t d better than radilgists.” Well, we’re still training radilgists, and there’s n indicatin that deep learning is ging t replace human dctrs anytime sn. In much the same way, I strngly suspect full-n rbt writing will always and frever be “just arund the crner”.
28．What can we learn abut the students in the experiment?
A．Their writing efficiency was affected.
B．Their essays were better structured.
C．They preferred AI-written essays.
D．They vercame AI’s weaknesses.
29．What des the authr imply in Paragraph 3?
A．Online text generatrs are far frm reliable.
B．Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C．Students need t have better mastery f technlgy.
D．Revising applicatins decide the quality f AI essays.
30．In the authr’s pinin, what may discurage the use f AI text generatrs?
A．Standard criteriaB．Strict regulatins..
C．Clear instructins.D．Unique writing tasks.
31．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T assess AI’s influence n students’ writing.
B．T discuss the threat f AI t the teaching f writing.
C．T appeal fr the apprpriate applicatin f AI text generatrs.
D．T analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.
【答案】28．A 29．A 30．D 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能引发的学术焦虑，作者通过实验告诉我们，我们不需要过于担忧人工智能的使用。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As all this nline depressin was playing ut, I asked my students, wh were mstly majrs in writing, t submit a 2,000-wrd prpsal abut a lcal issue. I asked them t rely n the AI as much as pssible.(随着网上的沮丧情绪愈演愈烈，我让我的学生们(他们大多是写作专业的学生)就一个当地问题提交一份2000字的提案。我要求他们尽可能地依赖AI。)”“At the same time, the students reprted that using AI required far mre time than simply writing their essays the ld-fashined way wuld have.(与此同时，学生们报告说，使用人工智能比简单地用传统方式写论文需要更多的时间。)”可知，作者要求学生尽可能依赖AI来进行写作，而学生认为这样要比传统的写论文更费时间。由此判断，使用AI技术使得学生的写作效率受到了影响。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But, mre imprtantly, the published examples are generally the plished frm f prfessinal writers and editrs. In cntrast, many f my students’ AI-generated essays shwed the cmmn prblems f student writing—uncertainty abut the apprpriate writing style, issues with rganizatin and transitins, and incnsistent paragraphing. Obviusly, prducing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill t prduce apprpriate utputs.(但是，更重要的是，发表的例子通常是专业作家和编辑的润色形式。相比之下，我的许多学生的人工智能论文显示了学生写作的常见问题——不确定合适的写作风格，组织和过渡的问题，以及不一致的分段。显然，用人工智能写一篇高质量的文章需要有很高的写作技巧和修改技巧来产生适当的输出。)”可以推断，用AI文本生成器想写一篇高质量的文章是不太可能的。因此，作者认为AI文本生成器并不可靠。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“My experimental s tells me that a gd assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If yur assignment is “Describe the reasns fr the U.S. Civil War”, yu are mre likely t get AI r dwnladed essay submissins. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students t address lcal issues f cncern. There are just nt enugh relevant examples in the data the AI text generatrs are drawing frm.(我的实验告诉我，一份好的作业表是对抗人工智能论文的最佳方法。如果你的作业是“描述美国内战的原因”，你更有可能得到人工智能或下载的论文提交。我的作业是一个挑战，因为它要求学生解决当地关注的问题。AI文本生成器所使用的数据中没有足够的相关例子。)”可知，作者认为如果不想让学生使用AI文本生成器，教师可以布置独特的写作任务，这样学生就无法使用AI文本生成器。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“September 2022 was apparently the mnth artificial intelligence essay anxiety biled ver in academia, after a user f an AI writing service claimed t be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence.(2022年9月显然是人工智能论文焦虑在学术界爆发的一个月，此前一名人工智能写作服务的用户声称，用人工智能“写”的论文得到了全A。大多数教授对此表示担忧。)”以及最后一段“In much the same way, I strngly suspect full-n rbt writing will always and frever be “just arund the crner”(同样地，我强烈怀疑完全的机器人写作将永远是“指日可待”。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能对于写作教学的威胁，作者认为人们无需太过于担忧机器人写作会代替学生写作。故选B。
（2023·北京朝阳·二模）Superhuman artificial intelligence is already amng us. Well, srt f. When it cmes t playing games like chess and G, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f us. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
Humans have a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. Reading minds cmes s easily t us, thugh, that we ften dn’t think t spell ut what we want. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life—t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball—we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.
Psychlgists refer t the ability t infer anther’s mental state as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity starts t develp at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude that the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Mrever, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
Yet we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals and desires t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen. But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
32．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A．When yu are asked t eat spicy fd fr dinner and yu reply “a sre thrat”.
B．When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk and he answers “my dg ate it”.
C．When a mm tells her kid sme fd is gd fr health and the kid eats it.
D．When kids see their mm after hurting themselves and they cry luder.
33．The authr believes that.
A．humans’ thery f mind is far frm perfect
B．humans limit AI’s thery f mind t an extent
C．we shuld reject human-like frms f abilities fr AI
D．shared frms f thery f mind result in mre pwerful AI
34．As fr AIs, what des the authr value mst?
A．Reliability.B．Practicability.
C．Reasning capability.D．Cmmunicatin ability.
35．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
B．AI with Thery f Mind Will Reshape Our Future
C．AI’s Thery f Mind Is a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D．Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
【答案】32．C 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading. (但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术)”和第二段“Humans have a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. (人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果) ”和第三段的“Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude that the answer is n.(例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的)”可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When yu are asked t eat spicy fd fr dinner and yu reply “a sre thrat”. (你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说“喉咙痛”)”、B项“When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk and he answers “my dg ate it”. (当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”)”和D项“When kids see their mm after hurting themselves and they cry luder. (当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声)”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项“When a mm tells her kid sme fd is gd fr health and the kid eats it. (当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃)”是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts t develp at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude that the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences. (心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals and desires t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI. (然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要)”可知，关于人工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. (然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器)”可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故A项“AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected(期待人工智有拥有自己的心智理论)”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
（2023·北京丰台·二模）Castal cities wrldwide are squeezed by tw ppsing frces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighbrhds rutinely fld and saltwater flding damages the river muths that prtect cmmunities frm the wrst f ur climate crisis.
Massive resurces are being put int envirnmental restratin prjects, and develpment is subject t many layers f apprvals. Yet in 2022 the cmmissiners f a castal city vted t expand a legal bundary that cntains sprawl t allw a 400-acre warehuse prject. They are failing t see the value f this land in the greater ecsystem.
Wetlands, castal plains and frests d cheaply (r even fr free) what seawalls and pumps d at a cst f billins f dllars. They are vital infrastructure (基础设施) that makes us mre resilient against climate change, and the cst f destrying them r weakening their ability t functin must be factred int the decisins we make t build and grw.
T d s, the ecnmic incentives t develp any natural landscape shuld be weighed against the prtective ecnmic value that land already prvides. Ecnmists call this an “avided damage” valuatin. Lcal planning bards might cnsider the value f a sand dune r swamp in fld prtectin versus the expense f replacing it with a seawall and water pump system. Maintaining and restring natural infrastructure t supprt healthy functining saves mney, time and lives.
The cncept f “natural capital”, r the idea that ecsystem services shuld be valued in a similar manner as any frm f wealth, dates back t the 1970s. Markets have always valued wd as a cmmdity (商品), fr example, but nt the services that came alng with prducing it, such as sil maintenance, carbn strage, and nutrient cycling. We didn’t need a market fr resurces that industrialists saw as abundant (丰富的) and endlessly renewable. This explitative (开发资源的) assumptin turned ut t be very wrng. Failing t measure the benefits f ecsystem services in plicy and management decisins is a majr reasn many f thse ecsystems disappeared.
It als seems crass t place a dllar amunt n ecsystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing fr their wn sake and valuable t humans in ways that are beynd capitalism. This preciusness is ethically sund. But develpers have lng cnfused pricelessness with wrthlessness, allwing them t prfit withut paying fr the cnsequences f destrying the envirnment.
Ecnmic value is never the nly reasn nature is wrth preserving; it is simply a pwerful, underused tl t help us make decisins abut hw t live mre sustainably in a climate-changed wrld. If plicy makers cnsidered natural infrastructure in the language f ecnmics, they might recgnize just hw deeply we rely n it.
36．What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut?
A．The cnsequences f the saltwater flding.
B．The cause f the urban sprawl and the rising sea.
C．An apprval t an envirnmental restratin prject.
D．The prblem caused by the expansin f castal cities
37．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The idea f natural capital can enhance the prfit f cmmdity.
B．The ecnmic grwth bsts the prtectin f natural landscape.
C．The abundance f resurces is nt the reasn fr devaluing them.
D．The explitatin f nature reflects the “avided damage” valuatin.
38．What des the underlined wrd “crass” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Inadvisable.B．Beneficial.
C．Relevant.D．Unrealistic.
39．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T appeal fr stricter cntrl ver city scale.
B．T prpse the use f nature as infrastructure.
C．T stress the imprtance f ecsystem services.
D．T prmte public awareness f nature prtectin.
【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Castal cities wrldwide are squeezed by tw ppsing frces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighbrhds rutinely fld and saltwater flding damages the river muths that prtect cmmunities frm the wrst f ur climate crisis.(世界各地的沿海城市都受到两股对立力量的挤压:城市扩张和海平面上升。这种斗争在平原上尤为明显，那里不断扩张的社区经常发生洪水和盐水洪水，破坏了保护社区免受最严重气候危机影响的河口。)”和第二段的“Yet in 2022 the cmmissiners f a castal city vted t expand a legal bundary that cntains sprawl t allw a 400-acre warehuse prject. They are failing t see the value f this land in the greater ecsystem.(然而，在2022年，一个沿海城市的专员投票决定扩大法律边界，允许一个400英亩的仓库项目。他们没有看到这片土地在更大的生态系统中的价值。)”可知，前两段主要讲的是沿海城市扩张造成的问题。故选D。
37．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It als seems crass t place a dllar amunt n ecsystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing fr their wn sake and valuable t humans in ways that are beynd capitalism. This preciusness is ethically sund. But develpers have lng cnfused pricelessness with wrthlessness, allwing them t prfit withut paying fr the cnsequences f destrying the envirnment.(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元似乎也是不明智的，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义。这种珍贵在伦理上是合理的。但长期以来，开发商一直把无价之宝和毫无价值混为一谈，这使得他们可以在不为破坏环境的后果买单的情况下获利。)”可知，资源丰富并不是使其贬值的理由。故选C。
38．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“place a dllar amunt n ecsystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing fr their wn sake and valuable t humans in ways that are beynd capitalism(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义)”可知，在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元是不明智的，划线词意为“不明智的，愚蠢的”，和inadvisable意思相近，故选A。
39．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“If plicy makers cnsidered natural infrastructure in the language f ecnmics, they might recgnize just hw deeply we rely n it.(如果政策制定者用经济学的语言来考虑自然基础设施，他们可能会意识到我们对它的依赖程度有多深。)”可知，本文主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性，因此本文主要目的是建议利用自然作为基础设施。故选B。
（2023·北京西城·一模）Technlgy seems t discurage slw, immersive reading. Reading n a screen, particularly a phne screen, tires yur eyes and makes it harder fr yu t keep yur place. S nline writing tends t be mre skimmable and list-like than print. The cgnitive neurscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new nrm” f skim reading is prducing “an invisible, game-changing transfrmatin” in hw readers prcess wrds. The neurnal circuit that sustains the brain’s capacity t read nw favrs the rapid absrptin f infrmatin, rather than skills develped by deeper reading, like critical analysis.
We shuldn’t verplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn t read mre skillfully. Frm abut the age f nine, ur eyes start t bunce arund the page, reading nly abut a quarter f the wrds prperly, and filling in the gaps by inference. Nr is there anything new in these fears abut declining attentin spans. S far, the anxieties have prved t be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been wrried abut attentin span lately and see very shrt stries as signs f cultural decline,” the American authr Selvin Brwn wrte. “N ne ever said that pems were evidence f shrt attentin spans.”
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. Fr a start, it means that there is mre t read, because mre peple than ever are writing. If yu time travelled just a few decades int the past, yu wuld wnder at hw little writing was happening utside a classrm. And digital writing is meant fr rapid release and respnse. An nline article starts frming a cmment string underneath as sn as it is published. This mde f writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But ften it treats ther peple’s wrds as smething t be quickly harvested as fdder t say smething else. Everyne talks ver the tp f everyne else, desperate t be heard.
Perhaps we shuld slw dwn. Reading is cnstantly prmted as a scial gd and surce f persnal achievement. But this advcacy ften emphasizes “enthusiastic”, “passinate” r “eager” reading, nne f which adjectives suggest slw, quiet absrptin.
T a slw reader, a piece f writing can nly be fully understd by immersing neself in the wrds and their slw cmprehensin f a line f thught. The slw reader is like a swimmer wh stps cunting the number f pl laps he has dne and just enjys hw his bdy feels and mves in water.
The human need fr this kind f deep reading is t tenaciusfr any new technlgy t destry. We ften assume that technlgical change can’t be stpped and happens in ne directin, s that lder media like “dead-tree” bks are kicked ut by newer, mre virtual frms. In practice, lder technlgies can cexist with new nes. The Kindle has nt killed ff the printed bk any mre than the car killed ff the bicycle. We still want t enjy slwly-frmed ideas and carefully-chsen wrds. Even in a fast-mving age, there is time fr slw reading.
40．What is the authr’s attitude twards Selvin Brwn’s pinin?
A．Favrable.B．Critical.C．Dubtful.D．Objective.
41．The authr wuld prbably agree that.
A．advcacy f passinate reading helps prmte slw reading
B．digital writing leads t t much speaking and nt enugh reflectin
C．the public shuld be aware f the impact skimming has n neurnal circuits
D．the number f Internet readers is declining due t the advances f technlgy
42．What des the underlined wrd “tenacius” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Cmprehensive.B．Cmplicated.C．Determined.D．Apparent.
43．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Slw Reading Is Here t Stay
B．Digital Technlgy Prevents Slw Reading
C．Screen vs. Print: Which Requires Deep Reading?
D．Reading Is Nt a Race: The Wnder f Deep Reading
【答案】40．A 41．B 42．C 43．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。
40．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nr is there anything new in these fears abut declining attentin spans. S far, the anxieties have prved t be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been wrried abut attentin span lately and see very shrt stries as signs f cultural decline,” the American authr Selvin Brwn wrte. “N ne ever said that pems were evidence f shrt attentin spans.”(对注意力持续时间下降的担忧也不是什么新鲜事。到目前为止，焦虑被证明是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin Brwn写道：“相当多的评论家最近开始担心注意力持续时间，他们认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的标志。从来没有人说过诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据。”)”可推知，作者对Selvin Brwn的观点持赞成态度。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant fr rapid release and respnse. An nline article starts frming a cmment string underneath as sn as it is published. This mde f writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But ften it treats ther peple’s wrds as smething t be quickly harvested as fdder t say smething else. Everyne talks ver the tp f everyne else, desperate t be heard.(数字写作意味着快速释放和反应。一篇在线文章一经发表，就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读的模式可以是互动的和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的素材，用来说别的东西。每个人都说得比别人多，渴望被别人听到)”可知，作者认同数字写作导致过多的表达，而缺乏足够的思考。故选B。
42．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The human need fr this kind f deep reading is t”以及后文“fr any new technlgy t destry”可知，t…t…表示“太……以至于不能……”，即人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此坚定，任何新技术都无法摧毁。故画线词意思是“坚定的”。故选C。
43．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In practice, lder technlgies can cexist with new nes. The Kindle has nt killed ff the printed bk any mre than the car killed ff the bicycle. We still want t enjy slwly-frmed ideas and carefully-chsen wrds. Even in a fast-mving age, there is time fr slw reading.(实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭纸质书，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受缓慢形成的思想和精心选择的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间进行慢速阅读)”可知，文章主要论述了作者对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度阅读的需求。因此A选项“慢阅读将会持续下去”最符合文章标题。故选A。
（2023·北京丰台·一模）Many peple wuld answer the questin f what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is n dubt that we are. But ne definitin f culture is the ttality f traditins acquired in a cmmunity by scial learning frm ther individuals, and many animal species have traditins. Can we then say that sme animals are cultural beings t?
One apprach t study culture in animals is the s-called Methd f Exclusin (排除), in which scientists investigate behaviral variatins acrss ppulatins f ne species. In a famus study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behavirs were scially passed n as they were present at sme sites but nt at thers, despite having same eclgical settings. Fr example, chimpanzees in Tai Natinal Park in Ivry Cast are well-knwn fr their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gmbe natinal part in Tanzania, n the ther hand, d nt crack nuts, althugh nuts exist in their envirnment t.
Hwever, when applying the Methd f Exclusin, ne has t be very careful. There are ther factrs that culd als explain the pattern f behaviral evaluatin. Fr example, sme f the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated ccur in nly ne f the three subspecies. S it’s quite pssible that these behavirs als have an innate cmpnent. This wuld mean that ne chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique nt ut f cultural traditin, but because the behavir is fixed t specific genes. Anther factr that has t be excluded is f curse the envirnment Chimpanzees in Mahale d nt fish algae (水藻), simply because algae des nt exist there.
But when we exclude all the variatins that can be explained by genes r envirnment, we still find that animals d shw cultural variatins. Des that mean there is n real difference between them and us after all? Nt exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally n what generatins befre us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We dn’t have t keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the “ratchet (棘轮) effect”. Like a ratchet that can be turned frward but nt back, peple’s cultural techniques evlve.
It is likely that behavirs we see tday in chimpanzee cultures culd be invented ver and ver again by individual animals themselves. In cntrast, a child brn tday wuld nt be able t invent a cmputer withut the knwledge f many past generatins.
44．Why des the authr mentin the example f the chimpanzees in tw parks in Paragraph 2?
A．T prve that culture des exist in animals.
B．T justify the uniqueness f the research methd.
C．T cmpare hw chimpanzees behave in different parks.
D．T stress the imprtance f envirnment in studying culture.
45．What des the underlined wrd “innate” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Advanced.B．Inbrn.C．Adaptive.D．Intelligent.
46．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart frm animals.
B．Culure in animals is as wrthy t be valued as human culture.
C．Animals dn’t have the ability t invent behavirs in a cmmunity.
D．The “ratchet effect” decides if humans can build n past experiences.
【答案】44．A 45．B 46．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“动物是否也像人类一样是有文化的生物”而展开论述。
44．推理判断题。第二段中“In a famus study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behavirs were scially passed n as they were present at sme sites but nt at thers, despite having same eclgical settings.(在一项著名的研究中，科学家们发现，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，而在其他地方则不会，尽管它们的生态环境相同)”提到，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社会传递，接着下文“Fr example, chimpanzees in Tai Natinal Park in Ivry Cast are well-knwn fr their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gmbe natinal part in Tanzania, n the ther hand, d nt crack nuts, althugh nuts exist in their envirnment t.(例如，象牙海岸泰国家公园的黑猩猩以其破解坚果的技能而闻名。另一方面，坦桑尼亚贡贝国家地区的黑猩猩不咬坚果，尽管坚果在他们的环境中也存在)”通过举例证实上述观点，即动物中也存在文化，故选A。
45．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This wuld mean that ne chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique nt ut f cultural traditin, but because the behavir is fixed t specific genes.(这意味着一个黑猩猩亚种使用一种新技术不是出于文化传统，而是因为这种行为固定于特定的基因)”可知，黑猩猩的行为可能是由于其特定的基因，即是因为先天因素，故画线词所在句意为“所以很有可能这些行为也有先天因素”，innate意为“先天的”，故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally n what generatins befre us have learned. This is called ‘cumulative culture’.(人类文化和动物文化之间有根本的区别。只有人类才能在前人的基础上建立文化。这就是所谓的‘累积文化’)”可知，累积文化将人类与动物区分开来。故选A。
（2024·江苏·模拟预测）The expressin “Genius is 1% inspiratin and 99% perspiratin (汗水)” is ften attributed t Thmas Edisn. But as we have prgressed int the 21st century, I think we shuld update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiratin and 99% preparatin.”
Indeed, ideas are shting arund faster than ever, but mst are wrthless because n ne des the hard wrk t implement them. And as we’re in a service ecnmy nw, implementatin requires hurs and hurs nt f sweat but f preparatin. Yu must d it all: reading, researching, falling int ne rabbit hle after anther n the Internet t find the right series f test cases and qutes t make yur pint, and presenting yur idea briefly and clearly.
Preparatin is everything! Watch the amazing 2021 vide f the Perseverance rver landing n the surface f Mars. The nbard camera shws the terrain (地形). After the landing, I’m pretty sure ne f the scientists exclaims, “Hey, that’s my rck.” In missin preparatin, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement f every rck and dip in terrain.
Churchill famusly memrized his speeches and practiced giving them ver and ver in his bathtub. Sme f this was t vercme his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly t get the tne just right. Nthing was ff-the-cuff (即兴的). His speeches didn’t sund like they were read frm a piece f paper; they felt stream f cnsciusness. In his finest hurs he shwed the value f preparatin.
But, yu may ask, why put in any extra effrt? ChatGPT can pass Advanced Placement tests, entry exams fr law and medical schl, and even the bar exam. That prbably says mre abut hw pr thse tests are than abut AI’s ability. But even thugh AI can answer almst any questin yu thrw at it, it is wrthless in an elevatr when yur bss asks yu what yu think abut new prduct ideas r sales prspects in Omaha.
The nly answer cmes frm that 99% preparatin. Study everything, nt nly the task yu’ve been assigned. Dig deep. Cme up with ideas and ptential slutins. Wrk n an elevatr speech fr what excites yu. Dn’t wing it. Prepare. And trust me, the feeling yu get frm preparatin-induced success is better than anything yu can buy at a drugstre. Preparatin will make yu super great.
47．What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A．The service ecnmy makes ideas wrthless.
B．Implementatin des nt take much time these days.
C．Ideas are wrthless withut preparatin and hard wrk.
D．Implementatin requires mre inspiratin than preparatin.
48．Hw des the authr try t persuade readers t accept his argument?
A．By listing examples.B．By sharing his experience.
C．By prviding research results.D．By referring t experts’ wrds.
49．What pint is the authr trying t make by mentining ChatGPT?
A．ChatGPT is capable f passing varius tests.
B．Preparatin can help yu perfrm better than AI.
C．Elevatr cnversatins require high scial skills.
D．Standard tests d nt fully represent ne’s abilities.
50．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Hw we can achieve success with little sweat.
B．Hw we shuld make preparatin fr ur future.
C．Why perspiratin still maters in the 21st century.
D．Why preparatin can pave the way t yur success.
【答案】47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文强调成功更多依赖于99%的准备而非灵感，通过爱迪生名言的更新、火星车着陆准备、丘吉尔演讲准备等例子，论证了充分准备对于成功的重要性。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Indeed, ideas are shting arund faster than ever, but mst are wrthless because n ne des the hard wrk t implement them. (事实上，想法的传播速度比以往任何时候都快，但大多数想法都毫无价值，因为没有人努力实施它们)”可知，没有准备和努力的想法是无价值的。故选C项。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Watch the amazing 2021 vide f the Perseverance rver landing n the surface f Mars. (观看2021年毅力号火星车在火星表面着陆的精彩视频)”和第三段中的“In missin preparatin, the entire landing area was digitized. The planners knew the placement f every rck and dip in terrain. (在任务准备过程中，整个着陆区都被数字化了。规划者知道每一块岩石的位置和地形的倾角)”以及第四段中的“Churchill famusly memrized his speeches and practiced giving them ver and ver in his bathtub. Sme f this was t vercme his stutter (口吃), but it was mainly t get the tne just right. Nthing was ff-the-cuff (即兴的). (丘吉尔以熟记演讲而闻名，并在浴缸里反复练习演讲。其中一些是为了克服他的口吃，但主要是为了让语气恰到好处。没有什么是即兴的)”可知，作者在文章中通过列举多个例子来支持他的观点，如Perseverance火星探测器着陆前的详尽准备，以及丘吉尔对演讲的精心准备等。故选A项。
49．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“But even thugh AI can answer almst any questin yu thrw at it, it is wrthless in an elevatr when yur bss asks yu what yu think abut new prduct ideas r sales prspects in Omaha. (但是，尽管人工智能几乎可以回答你提出的任何问题，但当你的老板问你对奥马哈的新产品创意或销售前景有何看法时，它在电梯里毫无价值)”可知，在实际的工作场景中，如电梯里老板询问你对新产品想法或销售前景的看法时，AI是无能为力的。这实际上是在突出准备和人的能力的重要性，即准备可以让你在需要时表现得比AI更好。故选B项。
50．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“But as we have prgressed int the 21st century, I think we shuld update the saying: “Success is 1% inspiratin and 99% preparatin.” (但随着我们进入21世纪，我认为我们应该更新这句话：“成功是1%的灵感和99%的准备。”)”以及最后一段中的“The nly answer cmes frm that 99% preparatin. (唯一的答案来自99%的准备)”和“ Preparatin will make yu super great. (准备会让你变得超级棒)”可知，作者认为成功不仅仅是靠灵感，更重要的是准备，整篇文章主要围绕“准备”这一主题展开，通过多个例子和论述来强调准备对于成功的重要性。故选D项。
（2024·浙江台州·一模）Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There will be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritize the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a rad-map t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy — withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl. AI will undubtedly becme mre aggressive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100. But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming (地球化) Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (时代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligence, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s refcus frm the science fictin f the far future clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands.
Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential. If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
51．Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A．T justify the gvernments’ plicies.
B．T criticize scientists’ pr predictin ability.
C．T advcate fr advancements in tech.
D．T highlight the challenges faced by scientists.
52．Accrding t this passage, AI can ________.
A．put an end t climate change
B．facilitate mass human migratin
C．speed up the cmpetitin in medical fields
D．bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
53．As fr the future, which f the fllwing will the authr agree with?
A．Pst-humans will ech the histry f humans.
B．Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C．Nn-bilgical brains may invite unknwn disasters.
D．Fully artificial intelligence may inhabit uter space.
54．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Future f Humanity: Culd AI Save Us?
B．Change r Die: Will Science Lead Further Evlutin?
C．Twards a Sustainable Future: What Can We D?
D．Unstppable Trend: Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
【答案】51．C 52．D 53．D 54．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人口增长和气候变暖两个趋势，并探讨了人工智能、太空探索以及后人类时代的可能性，文章呼吁全球思考、理性行动，并强调科学需要与价值观相结合。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There will be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritize the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a rad-map t a lw-carbn future. (科学家们对未来的预测能力很差。但可以自信地预测两种趋势。首先，世界将变得更加拥挤。到2050年，人口将超过90亿。其次，世界将变暖，一些政府不会优先考虑应对气候变化所需的长期措施，尽管科学为我们提供了低碳未来的路线图。)”以及第二段“That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. (这就是为什么我们应该成为新技术的推动者——没有它，世界就无法为不断增长的人口提供所需的粮食和可持续能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到这两种趋势是为了呼吁大家发展科学新技术，倡导技术进步。故选C。
52．推理判断题。根据第二段“AI will undubtedly becme mre aggressive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins. (毫无疑问，人工智能在未来将变得更加激进。我们的行动、健康和财务交易记录将存储在云端。这些数据可能被用于合理的原因，如蛋白质折叠和药物开发，或警告我们最初的健康风险，但互联网公司的可用性已经将权力平衡从政府转移到了全球规模的公司。)”可知，人工智能会使人类受到来自于全球规模的大公司的潜在威胁。故选D。
53．推理判断题。根据第五段“If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligence, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe. (如果后人类从血肉之躯转为完全的人工智能，他们将不需要一个均匀的重力环境，所以在深空——甚至在火星上，非生物“大脑”可能会发展出我们无法想象的力量。他们最终可能会在精神上与我们不同。人工智能可能会引发大规模的移民，从而使更复杂的智能在宇宙中传播。)”可知，作者认为完全人工智能可能存在于外太空。故选D。
54．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide. (如果科学要拯救我们，我们需要从全球、理智和长远的角度思考——由科学赋予权力，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要探讨了人工智能、太空探索以及后人类时代的可能性，文章呼吁全球思考、理性行动，并强调科学需要与价值观相结合所以“人类的未来：人工智能能拯救我们吗？”提出问题，引发读者的阅读兴趣，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a wrld where everyne has their wn pinins n just abut everything, it’s cmmn fr peple t be critical f each ther’s mistakes and imperfectins withut nticing their wn. Sme individuals mistakenly think it’s their respnsibility t make yu int a better persn. They d this by first pinting ut yur shrtcmings directly and then prviding advice n hw yu can imprve.
S what is the pssible slutin t criticism? If yu are the ne frcing thers t feel ashamed f themselves, please stp. Make a cnscius decisin rather than highlight the negative aspect f a persn’s perfrmance r attitudes. Yu are mre likely t ffer helpful suggestins frm the beginning. If yu are n the receiving end f criticism, the “OK” respnse is a perfect slutin. When smene cmments negatively n a task yu are ding r a persnality issue f yurs, a natural respnse is t defend and attack. Hwever, this apprach is rarely effective as it puts bth parties n the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief ne-wrd respnse acknwledges the ther persn’s cmment withut agreeing with it r feeling necessary t engage in a debate abut it.
It’s crucial t stay cnnected t what the ther persn is talking abut, and listen withut getting upset, t be an bjective bserver. In fact, there is much that ne can learn frm a negative review. Yu can ask yurself: Did I make a mistake? Culd I have dne better? Did I give 100% f myself t the task at hand? If s, hw can I imprve myself? As fr chrnic criticizers: It is imprtant t set strict bundary with them. Remve yurself frm their presence when necessary.
In any case, ne can learn t be “OK” with criticism and nt allw it t negatively impact yur life r relatinship with the ther party.
55．What might the authr think f peple wh like t judge thers?
A．Self-centered.B．Respnsible.C．Talkative.D．Warm-hearted.
56．What des a persn mean by saying “OK” accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．He thinks the advice is helpful.
B．He cmpletely agrees with the cmments.
C．He wants t avid unnecessary arguments.
D．He defends himself with the respnse.
57．What is the recmmended actin fr dealing with chrnic criticizers?
A．Embrace their views.
B．Criticize them in return.
C．Avid interactin if needed.
D．Engage with them regularly.
58．What is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．The Art f Giving Criticism
B．Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism
C．Dealing with Persnal Relatinships Flexibly
D．The Path t Self-Imprvement thrugh Criticism
【答案】55．A 56．C 57．C 58．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了如何正确地处理批评，无论是作为批评者还是被批评者，同时也提出了一些具体的策略，例如：通过简单地说“OK”来避免不必要的争论，以及如何对待那些习惯性批评他人的人。
55．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sme individuals mistakenly think it’s their respnsibility t make yu int a better persn. They d this by first pinting ut yur shrtcmings directly and then prviding advice n hw yu can imprve.(有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”可知，作者可能认为这些人是自以为是，以自我为中心的。故选A。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief ne-wrd respnse acknwledges the ther persn’s cmment withut agreeing with it r feeling necessary t engage in a debate abut it.(相反，只需回答“OK”。这个简短的一个词的回应承认了对方的评论，但不同意它，也不觉得有必要就此展开辩论)”可知，对方通过说“OK”意在避免不必要的争论。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It is imprtant t set strict bundary with them. Remve yurself frm their presence when necessary.(与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，对于那些经常批评他人的人，文中推荐的行动是在必要时避免与他们互动。故选C。
58．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a wrld where everyne has their wn pinins n just abut everything, it’s cmmn fr peple t be critical f each ther’s mistakes and imperfectins withut nticing their wn. Sme individuals mistakenly think it’s their respnsibility t make yu int a better persn. They d this by first pinting ut yur shrtcmings directly and then prviding advice n hw yu can imprve.(在一个每个人对每件事都有自己看法的世界里，人们对彼此的错误和不完美吹毛求疵，而不注意自己的错误和不完美，这是很常见的。有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供建议)”结合文章探讨了如何应对批评，无论是给出批评还是接受批评，并提出了一些建议和策略。故选D“通过批评走向自我提升”最为合适。故选D。
（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Is frgiveness against ur human nature? T answer ur questin, we need t ask a further questin: What is the essence f ur humanity? Fr the sake f simplicity, peple cnsider tw distinctly different views f humanity. The first view invlves dminance and pwer. In an early paper n the psychlgy f frgiveness, Drll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is mre aggressive than frgiving allws. Thse wh frgive are against their basic nature, much t their harm. In his pinin, frgivers are cmprmising their well-being as they ffer mercy t thers, wh might then take advantage f them.
The secnd view invlves the theme f cperatin, mutual respect, and even lve as the basis f wh we are as humans. Researchers find that t fully grw as human beings, we need bth t receive lve frm and ffer lve t thers. Withut lve, ur cnnectins with a wide range f individuals in ur lives can fall apart. Even cmmn sense strngly suggests that the will t pwer ver thers des nt make fr harmnius interactins. Fr example, hw well has slavery wrked as a mde f scial harmny?
Frm this secnd viewpint f wh we are as humans, frgiveness plays a key rle in the bilgical and psychlgical integrity f bth individuals and cmmunities because ne f the utcmes f frgiveness, shwn thrugh scientific studies, is the decreasing f hatred and the restratin f harmny. Frgiveness can break the cycle f anger. At least t the extent the peple frm whm yu are estranged accept yur lve and frgiveness and are prepared t make the required adjustments. Frgiveness can heal relatinships and recnnect peple.
As an imprtant nte, when we take a Classical philsphical perspective, that f Aristtle, we see the distinctin between ptentiality and actuality. We are nt necessarily brn with the capacity t frgive, but instead with the ptential t learn abut it and t grw in ur ability t frgive. The actuality f frgiving, its actual apprpriatin in cnflict situatins, develps with practice.
59．What is Drll’s idea abut frgiveness?
A．Peple shuld ffer mercy t thers.
B．Peple wh frgive can have their wn welfare affected.
C．Frgiveness depends n the nature f humanity.
D．Aggressive peple shuld learn t frgive.
60．What des the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate?
A．T frgive is t lve.B．T fight is t grw.
C．T dminate is t harm.D．T give is t receive.
61．What is the writer’s attitude tward frgiveness?
A．Objective.B．Reserved.C．Favrable.D．Skeptical.
62．What is message f the last paragraph?
A．Frgiveness is in ur nature.B．Frgiveness grws with time.
C．Actuality is based n ptentiality.D．It takes practice t frgive.
【答案】59．B 60．C 61．C 62．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
59．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper n the psychlgy f frgiveness, Drll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is mre aggressive than frgiving allws. Thse wh frgive are against their basic nature, much t their harm. In his pinin, frgivers are cmprmising their well-being as they ffer mercy t thers, wh might then take advantage f them. (在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Drll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Drll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。
60．推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that t fully grw as human beings, we need bth t receive lve frm and ffer lve t thers. Withut lve, ur cnnectins with a wide range f individuals in ur lives can fall apart. Even cmmn sense strngly suggests that the will t pwer ver thers des nt make fr harmnius interactins. (研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“Fr example, hw well has slavery wrked as a mde f scial harmny? (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。
61．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Frm this secnd viewpint f wh we are as humans, frgiveness plays a key rle in the bilgical and psychlgical integrity f bth individuals and cmmunities because ne f the utcmes f frgiveness, shwn thrugh scientific studies, is the decreasing f hatred and the restratin f harmny. Frgiveness can break the cycle f anger. At least t the extent the peple frm whm yu are estranged accept yur lve and frgiveness and are prepared t make the required adjustments. Frgiveness can heal relatinships and recnnect peple. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。
62．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an imprtant nte, when we take a Classical philsphical perspective, that f Aristtle, we see the distinctin between ptentiality and actuality. We are nt necessarily brn with the capacity t frgive, but instead with the ptential t learn abut it and t grw in ur ability t frgive. The actuality f frgiving, its actual apprpriatin in cnflict situatins, develps with practice. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。
（2024·山东·三模）We all enjy being part f a grup — there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.
Persnalities can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbining (结合) several challenging persnality types is even harder.
Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether — and lts f it.
A final reasn why teamwrk is difficult is that there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members.
Teamwrk can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng — I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins by myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
63．Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?
A．T keep himself busier.B．T keep himself healthier.
C．T make his jb easier.D．T make his team harder.
64．Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?
A．Strng persnalities.B．Lts f teamwrk time.
C．Challenging ideas.D．Mre training n teamwrk.
65．What d yu need t d if yu want t wrk n a team?
A．Yu need t wrk with thers in a rm.
B．Yu need t build trust with yur team members.
C．Yu just need t make all decisins by yurself.
D．Yu need t have different ideas with yur team members.
66．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.
B．A ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.
C．A ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.
D．A WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.
67．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T shw the advantages f teamwrk.
B．T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
C．T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.
D．T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.
【答案】63．C 64．A 65．B 66．D 67．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易，并解释了其中的原因。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.(团队合作可能很难。事实上，这太难了，所以我辞去了办公室的工作，开始自己在家工作。它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易。)”可知，作者选择居家工作是为了让工作变得更容易。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Persnalities can make teamwrk difficult.(个性会让团队合作变得困难。)”可知，强烈的个性会让团队合作变得困难。故选A。
65．细节理解题。根据第四段“Yu can’t just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther.Yu need t build trust with yur team members.(你不能只是把人们放在一个房间里，期望他们彼此合作得很好。你需要与你的团队成员建立信任。)”可知，如果你想在团队里工作就需要和团队成员建立信任。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And that’s useful infrmatin because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.(这是有用的信息，因为有一天我可能想把我的ME TEAM变成WE TEAM。)”可知，WE TEAM有一天可能会成为作者的选择。故选D。
67．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.(它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易。)”可知，文章主要是为了解释为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难。故选B。
（2024·湖北·模拟预测）In Gergia students will be required t build “backgrund knwledge” by reciting all r part f significant pems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls fr students t recite a passage frm a well-knwn pem, play r speech. That’s it: an ld-fashined demand that students memrize the Gettysburg Address r Hamlet’s “T be r nt t be” r Gwendlyn Brks’s We Real Cl and recite it t an audience.
Mst parents wuld prbably call this a wrthy exercise nce abandned fr lng, gathering the curage t speak in public and firing the adlescent imaginatin. Wh culd bject t stre memrable wrds in teenage heads therwise packed with shrt vides?
English teachers, that’s wh. Mdern educatrs view memrizatin as empty repetitin, mechanical and prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative r thughtful. Reciting texts frm memry, they say, merely drps infrmatin int students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead f critical analysis.
That’s wrng. Recitatin allws students t experience a text as a living thing, ready t be taken up by a new generatin. Cmmitting a pem r speech t memry means stepping int the authr’s shes and pndering what he meant. Deciding which wrds t stress when reciting means thinking abut what thse wrds mean.
In ur age f scial media and artificial intelligence, the practice f recitatin has never been mre needed. Memrizing classic wrds reminds us that they are alive.
Watch the faces f parents as they listen t their children urging us all tward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rted in the American dream,” r saying with Rbert Frst, “I have been ne acquainted with the night,” r with Shakespeare, “Tmrrw and tmrrw and tmrrw...”
When yung reciters return t their seats, they knw they have made ageless wrds their wn. What parents and students feel at that mment transcends (超越) a gd grade. Fr a few minutes, hardwrking teens becme King, Frst r Shakespeare.
68．Why are educatrs against string memrable wrds in teenage heads?
A．Memrizatin is nthing but thughtful learning.
B．Memrizatin is anything but repetitive learning.
C．Memrizatin des injure teenagers’ heads.
D．Memrizatin des n gd t critical analysis.
69．What is the authr’s attitude tward recitatin?
A．Supprtive.B．Objective.
C．Oppsed.D．Unclear.
70．What des the underlined wrd “pndering” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Learning frm.B．Reflecting n.
C．Bringing ut.D．Arguing against.
71．Hw des the authr stress the imprtance f recitatin in the scial media and AI times?
A．By giving examples.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By displaying methds.D．By listing figures.
【答案】68．D 69．A 70．B 71．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在社交媒体和人工智能时代，背诵经典词句的重要性，以及现代教育者对此的反对态度。
68．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mdern educatrs view memrizatin as empty repetitin, mechanical and prescriptive(规定的) rather than creative r thughtful. Reciting texts frm memry, they say, merely drps infrmatin int students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead f critical analysis.”（现代教育者认为记忆是空洞的重复，机械和规定的，而不是创造性或思考性的。他们说，从记忆中背诵文本只是将信息灌输到学生的头脑中。这是重复的学习，而不是批判性的分析。）可知，教育者反对将记忆深入青少年的头脑，因为他们认为这种记忆并不能有助于批判性分析。故选D。
69．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Recitatin allws students t experience a text as a living thing, ready t be taken up by a new generatin. Cmmitting a pem r speech t memry means stepping int the authr’s shes and pndering what he meant.”（背诵让学生体验到文本是一种活的东西，准备被新一代接受。记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。）可知，作者支持背诵。故选A。
70．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Deciding which wrds t stress when reciting means thinking abut what thse wrds mean.”（在背诵时决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思。）以及“Cmmitting a pem r speech t memry means stepping int the authr’s shes”（记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度。）可知，记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。所以pndering在此处意味着反思或深思。故选B。
71．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Watch the faces f parents as they listen t their children urging us all tward what Martin Luther King called “a dream deeply rted in the American dream,” r saying with Rbert Frst, “I have been ne acquainted with the night,” r with Shakespeare, “Tmrrw and tmrrw and tmrrw...”（ 看看父母们的脸，他们听着孩子们敦促我们朝着马丁·路德·金所说的“深深扎根于美国梦中的梦想”前进，或者像罗伯特·弗罗斯特那样说:“我是一个熟悉黑夜的人”，或者像莎士比亚那样说:“明天、明天、明天……”）以及根据文章最后一段“When yung reciters return t their seats, they knw they have made ageless wrds their wn. What parents and students feel at that mment transcends (超越) a gd grade. Fr a few minutes, hardwrking teens becme King, Frst r Shakespeare.”（当年轻的背诵者回到座位时，他们知道他们已经把永恒的词语变成了自己的。那一刻，父母和学生的感觉超越了好成绩。几分钟的时间，勤奋的青少年变成了金、弗罗斯特或莎士比亚。）”可知，作者是通过举例子来说明强调背诵在社交媒体和人工智能时代的重要性的。故选A。
（2024·河北唐山·二模）I like an rganized, clean huse. I am, hwever, ften in the minrity in the huse.
Every time I walk in the frnt dr and make the turn t hang my cat in the mudrm (Amudrm is a space set aside in a huse where peple can take ff their utdr clthing, remve their siled shes, stre equipment), I frwn at the mess that meets my eyes. Lts f shes littered all ver the flr, alng with slippers (拖鞋) and anything yu can imagine. N matter hw many times I attempt t restre the scene, this rm immediately ends up back in mess.
The ther day I started t think abut why the mu drm is the mst challenging rm t keep in rder. I came t the realizatin that it is because the mu drm is bth the beginning and the end, it is the jumping ff pint t the adventures f ur day and it is the strage grund when the sun sets. In turn, thse fur walls have becme a hlder f memries, and a museum f my family’s treasures, as each item tells a stry f thse that I lve mst.
The bright white Nike high tps cast ff n the flr belng t my ldest sn, nearing 12,presenting his emerging fashin sense. The wrn black and blue runners intrduce my yungest,a lively trnad in a 10-year-ld’s bdy.
The slippers belng t my husband. They were a Christmas present frm the bys and me many years ag. During the clder mnths, it is the first thing that my husband des when he return s hme frm wrk, he slips n thse grey wl slippers and cntinues t settle in. He lves and wears them s much that the initial pair wre right thrugh the te. He wn’t part with thse treasures but nw has a secnd pair; the exact same make and mdel.
Recently it ccurred t me that my annyance at the mudrm chas is temprary. This disrder will last nly a few years. The bys are getting lder, and the tys and mess will mve n ... as will my sns eventually. This makes me sad fr what I knw will feel like a big lss. Each day that I see that cllectin f gds means that my huse is full f lve, energy, passin and family.
72．What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraph 2?
A．Intense desire t be clean.B．Strng ha te f the mudrm.
C．Onging struggle t maintain rder.D．Great tensin between her and her family.
73．What can we learn frm the authr’s reflectin?
A．Her regret and restart.B．Her wnder and willpwer.
C．Her frustratin and frgiveness.D．Her acceptance and appreciatin.
74．Why des the stry refer t the husband’s slippers?
A．T prve their cmfrt.B．T shw their emtinal value.
C．T ffer insight int his daily life.D．T praise his mney management.
75．What is the best title f the text?
A．Lss? Universal Gain!B．Chas? Life’s Lving Marks!
C．Litter? Prf f Daily Rutine!D．Mudrm? Family’s Obligatin!
【答案】72．C 73．D 74．B 75．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者认为家里的乱也透露出了家庭的友爱和活力。
72．推理判断题。根据第二段“Every time I walk in the frnt dr and make the turn t hang my cat in the mudrm (A mudrm is a space set aside in a huse where peple can take ff their utdr clthing, remve their siled shes, stre equipment), I frwn at the mess that meets my eyes. Lts f shes littered all ver the flr, alng with slippers (拖鞋) and anything yu can imagine. N matter hw many times I attempt t restre the scene, this rm immediately ends up back in mess.(每次我走进前门，转身去把外套挂在储物间（储物间是房子里留出的一块地方，人们可以在那里脱下户外的衣服，脱掉脏鞋子，存放设备），我都会对眼前的混乱皱眉。地板上到处都是鞋子，还有拖鞋和任何你能想到的东西。不管我试着恢复多少次，这个房间马上就又乱了)”可知，作者想在第2段告诉我们维持秩序的持续斗争。故选C。
73．细节理解题。根据第三段“In turn, thse fur walls have becme a hlder f memries, and a museum f my family’s treasures, as each item tells a stry f thse that I lve mst.(反过来，这四面墙也成了记忆的储藏地，成了我家珍宝的博物馆，因为每一件藏品都讲述了我最爱的人的故事)”可知，我们可以从作者的反思中了解到作者的接受和感激。故选D。
74．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The slippers belng t my husband. They were a Christmas present frm the bys and me many years ag. During the clder mnths, it is the first thing that my husband des when he return s hme frm wrk, he slips n thse grey wl slippers and cntinues t settle in. He lves and wears them s much that the initial pair wre right thrugh the te. He wn’t part with thse treasures but nw has a secnd pair; the exact same make and mdel.(这双拖鞋是我丈夫的。它们是许多年前我和孩子们送给我的圣诞礼物。在寒冷的月份里，我丈夫下班回家后做的第一件事就是穿上灰色羊毛拖鞋，继续安顿下来。他非常喜欢穿这双鞋，以至于最初的一双鞋都能漏出脚趾头。他不会放弃那些珍宝，但现在他有了第二双；一模一样的牌子和型号)”可知，这个故事提到了丈夫的拖鞋是为了显示情感价值。故选B。
75．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Each day that I see that cllectin f gds means that my huse is full f lve, energy, passin and family.(每天我看到这些收藏品，就意味着我的房子里充满了爱、活力、激情和家庭)”结合文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者认为家里的乱也透露出了家庭的友爱和活力。可知，B选项“混乱？生命的可爱印记！”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）In Nathaniel Hawthrne’s shrt stry The Birth-Mark, a chemist called Aylmer marries a yung wman, Gergiana, whse nly imperfectin is a red spt n her left cheek. He cnsiders it a “terrible flaw”. S she asks him t use his skills t remve it. At length Aylmer creates a medicine that has the desired effect: t kill her withut pain.
Hawthrne’s stry illustrates the harm f perfectinism. It is Thmas Curran’s starting-pint fr a study f what he calls a “hidden epidemic(流行病)”. He thinks the endless effrts fr higher standards is mainly a disaster. As a scial psychlgist at the Lndn Schl f Ecnmics, Mr. Curran describes himself as “a recvering perfectinist”. Drawing n bth academic research and his wn experiences, he makes a cnvincing case.
Mr. Curran distinguishes between tw srts f perfectinism. The first, which lks inward, is the unfrgiving self-criticizing f the hardwrking emplyees. A secnd versin, directed twards thers, is cmmnly fund in bsses wh have unrealistic expectatins f their staff and sharply criticize their suppsed failings. Its victims tend t feel lnely. Often they think abut harming themselves.
Having nted the ptential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests sme causes. These include a lack f jb security, unreasnable requirements by helicpter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel cnsumptin and anxiety.
“The ecnmy”, he claims, “is based n ur discntent. Scial media fld users with images f finely sculpted bdies, seemingly perfect dresses and unbelievably rmantic weddings.”
His greatest attack, thugh, is directed at sciety. In this he draws n the thinking f Michael Sandel, a philspher at Harvard. Especially in the bk, The Tyranny f Merit, Prfessr Sandel has argued that using achievements as a srting machine leads t a sciety that is divided int just winners and lsers, while ignring the cmmn gd. Like Mr. Curran, Prfessr Sandel has a gd pint.
76．Wh can be cnsidered as the secnd type f perfectinist by Thmas Curran?
A．Aylmer.B．Gergiana.C．Michael Sandel.D．Nathaniel Hawthrne.
77．Accrding t Thmas Curran, a healthy ecnmy shuld.
A．nt have winners r lsersB．prvide jb security fr everyne
C．be free frm advertisementsD．nt be driven just by anxiety
78．What des the authr think f Michael Sandel’s criticism f the sciety?
A．Unfair.B．Cnvincing.C．Misleading.D．Gentle.
79．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Imperfectin f Our Sciety
B．A Review f The Tyranny f Merit
C．Cmments n Thmas Curran’s Study
D．Effective Ways t Deal With Perfectinism
【答案】76．A 77．D 78．B 79．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要评价了Thmas Curran有关完美主义的研究。
76．推理判断题，根据第一段“He cnsiders it a “terrible flaw”.(他认为这是一个“可怕的缺陷”)”及第三段“A secnd versin, directed twards thers, is cmmnly fund in bsses wh have unrealistic expectatins f their staff and sharply criticize their suppsed failings.(第二个版本是针对他人的，通常出现在那些对员工抱有不切实际期望、并尖锐批评他们所谓的缺点的老板身上)”可推断，Aylmer属于逼着别人完美的那种人。故选A。
77．细节理解题。根据第四段“Having nted the ptential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests sme causes. These include a lack f jb security, unreasnable requirements by helicpter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel cnsumptin and anxiety.(在注意到潜在的负面影响后，柯伦提出了一些原因。其中包括缺乏工作保障、直升机父母的不合理要求以及助长消费和焦虑的不健康广告)”可知，Thmas Curran认为一个健康的社会不应该过度鼓励消费及贩卖焦虑。故选D。
78．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Like Mr. Curran, Prfessr Sandel has a gd pint.(和柯伦先生一样，桑德尔教授说得有道理)”可知，作者认为Michael Sandel的批评是令人信服的。故选B。
79．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Drawing n bth academic research and his wn experiences, he makes a cnvincing case.(根据学术研究和他自己的经历，他提出了一个令人信服的理由)”结合文章主要评价了Thmas Curran有关完美主义的研究。故C选项“评托马斯·柯伦的研究”最符合文章标题。故选C。