高考英语二轮-阅读理解——议论文（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解——议论文（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版），共37页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向 议论文
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
议论文创新练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
1.（2025·浙江省桐乡市高三5月模拟测试）
Human beings have a fundamental need t belng. Yet we are living in a time f lneliness and islatin. A lack f scial cnnectin can have negative cnsequences fr bth ur mental and physical health. T encurage the feelings f cnnectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreatin, tend t bring peple mre happiness than material nes, and can prmte a greater sense f scial cnnectin.
In a series f 13 experiments invlving 1,980 participants, researchers asked peple t think abut either experiential r material purchases they had made and then rate their thughts and feelings abut thse purchases. Peple reprted feeling mre cnnected with thse wh had made the same experiential purchase than thse wh had made the same material purchase. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are mre central t an individual’s identity.
Mrever, these findings apply even when peple think abut hw their experiences differ. Even in cases where participants were asked t cnsider a situatin in which they met smene making a similar but better experiential r material purchase, experiences were mre likely t fster cnnectin between peple than material items were. Althugh the unpleasant scial cmparisn can create a sense f scial distance, this distance feels less wide when it cmes t experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier fr peple t find cmmn grund and feel kinship with smene else ver their similar experiences.
Finally, after peple think abut a jyus experience, they express a greater desire t engage in scial activities than they d after they reflect n an imprtant pssessin. As experiences bnd us with thers, they prvide memries f such bnd that peple can revisit. These memries, in turn, can encurage engagement in even mre sciality.
One clear takeaway frm this research is that peple wuld likely be wise t shift their spending habit frm “having” t “ding”. Als, the research hints that directing resurces tward mre cmmunity engagement might drive imprvements in scietal well-being.
1．Which can be an example f experiential purchases?
A．Watching a paid magic shw.B．Claiming free fd samples.
C．Reading fictins in a library.D．Purchasing a trendy T-shirt.
2．What des the underlined wrd “kinship” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．A shared family backgrund.B．A sense f emtinal clseness.
C．A tendency t be cmpetitive.D．A desire t purchase the same things.
3．What can be learned abut experiential purchases?
A．They are better fr mental develpment.B．They create unpleasant scial cmparisns.
C．They cntribute t widening scial distance.D．They encurage engagement in scial events.
4．What are peple advised t d accrding t the text?
A．Reflecting n ur cnsumptin preference.B．Seting rules t limit unnecessary spending.
C．Encuraging cmmunity engagement.D．Expliting mre resurces in cmmunity.
2.（2025届辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区辽宁省实验中学高三下学期二模）While cnducting a wrkshp n creativity, I gave each small grup a small bx f paper clips (回形针). I invited each grup t recrd as many different uses fr a paper clip as they culd in five minutes. Obviusly, these third-grade student grups were able t generate multiple respnses and the quality f thse respnses was all ver the map. Their creativity was in full swing.
We ften have this belief that when faced with a creative challenge, we need t generate a really gd idea that will save the day. As a result, we fcus n “the perfect idea” r “the best slutin” withut the necessity f generating lts f bad nes alng the way. Yet prducing unwrkable, impractical, and wrthless ideas is a necessary and essential part f the creative prcess.
One f the classic bks, ne that ges against the grain f what mst writing instructin bks d, is the incmparable Writing Dwn the Bnes: Freeing the Writer Within by Natalie Gldberg. One f the finest pieces f advice in the bk is fr writers and anyne trying t generate creative thughts t give themselves permissin t create crappy (蹩脚的) ideas.
Creativity is based n the cncept f prducing multiple ideas — ideas withut any restrictins, definitins, r limitatins. When we imagine the quality f an idea, we limit its effectiveness. When we pre-assess thughts in advance f putting them int actin, we reduce their wrth r ultimate use. The impacts are shcking. There is an idea that a sustained fcus n prducing nly “gd” r “perfect” ideas frces us int a “dn’t take any risks” mindset and significantly reduces ur creative spirit.
The slutin when faced with a creative challenge: generate vermuch ideas withut regard t their apprpriateness r usefulness. Sme f thse ideas will be pssibilities and sme will be useless. That’s OK. Ultimately, knw this: generating crappy ideas is an essential part f the creative prcess. It’s yur brain with its “pedal (踏板) t the metal”.
1．What des the authr believe abut the creative prcess?
A．It must avid taking any risks.B．It requires sme perfect ideas.
C．It’s limited t practical slutins.D．It shuld invlve prducing crappy ideas.
2．Why des the authr mentin the bk Writing Dwn the Bnes in paragraph 3?
A．T explain a rule.B．T present a fact.
C．T prve an pinin.D．T make a predictin.
3．What impact des fcusing n perfect ideas have n creativity?
A．Enhancing risk-taking.B．Limiting lgical thughts.
C．Destrying creative spirit.D．Encuraging diverse thinking.
4．What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A．Hw We Overcme Creative BlcksB．Why It’s Gd t Have Crappy Ideas
C．The Ways f Generating Rich CreativityD．The Imprtance f Increasing Writing Art
3.（2025届吉林省白城市高三下学期模拟预测）In a wrld where ur digital devices have becme extensins f urselves, it’s n surprise that we ften immerse (沉浸) urselves in screens rather than engage with the wrld and peple arund us.
But amidst this digital deluge (涌现的事物), smething vital is being lst: the art f genuine human cnnectin. These devices ffer a cnvenient escape frm bredm r discmfrt, allwing us t avid awkward scial situatins r difficult emtins.
Small talk ften receives criticism fr being empty r insignificant. Rarely des smene express a fndness fr it, let alne find fulfillment in it. Hwever, small talk matters a lt in scial interactins. Think f it as the warm-up befre a wrkut — it helps us ease int deeper cnversatins and establishes a fundatin f trust and understanding. It lays the grundwrk fr assessing whether the exchange has the ptential t cultivate a friendship r deeper cnnectin. Even ne-ff exchanges with smene at the grcery stre r at the bus stp ffer pprtunities fr cnnectin.
But ur aversin (厌恶) t small talk is significant. We may cnvince urselves that we’re nt gd at it r that it’s unnecessary, but that’s simply an excuse. Yes, f curse, scial anxiety is real, but the nly way t vercme the fears is thrugh practice, gaining cnfidence by slwly taking risks, and actively engaging in cnversatins.
S, hw can we embrace small talk and harness its pwer? Start by paying attentin t yur surrundings and engaging with thse arund yu. Whether it’s cmmenting n the weather r striking up a cnversatin abut a shared experience, small talk prvides an pprtunity t cnnect with thers n a basic level.
Like any skill, small talk requires practice. Start small by initiating cnversatins with strangers r acquaintances and gradually wrk yur way up t deeper cnnectins. With each interactin, yu’ll gain cnfidence and build the skills necessary fr meaningful cnversatins.
It may feel uncmfrtable at first, but with practice, we can regain the richness f human interactin and cultivate relatinships that truly nurish(滋养)the sul, build cnfidence, and reclaim the internal real estate that is verrun with anxius thughts.
1．Why d peple ften prefer t engage with digital devices rather than the real wrld?
A．They find it mre cnvenient t d s.B．They are afraid f genuine relatinships.
C．They have little time t engage with thers.D．They want t avid face-t-face cmmunicatin.
2．What des the authr think f small talk?
A．It is an unnecessary and hard skill.B．It takes a lt f meaningful time.
C．It plays a crucial rle in scial interactins.D．It is difficult t master fr mst peple.
3．What des the underlined wrd “harness” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Hld.B．Emply.C．Discver.D．Overlk.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw t Overcme Scial AnxietyB．The Challenges f Mdern Scial Life
C．Digital Devices and Human CnnectinD．The Pwer f Small Talk in Scial Life
4.（2025届山东师范大学附属中学高三下学期5月适应性检测）Fr centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what des that leave ut? As a scial psychlgist, I have dedicated my research career t a simple, but universal questin: what makes fr a gd life, and hw can we achieve it?
Fr much f human histry, we have been presented with tw pssibilities: pursuing a life f happiness, r a life f meaning. Each f these paths has its benefits, but decades f psychlgical research have als revealed their limits.
Ask the Danes and Finns, wh cnsistently rank amng the happiest peple in the wrld, what their secret is and they’ll tell yu this: lwer yur expectatins and be cntent with what yu have. It sunds gd, desn’t it? But it leaves smething ut. It’s a bit like being a cllege student wh nly takes easy curses t be sure f getting gd grades. Might there be mre t life than simple pleasures and czy cmfrt?
Then there’s the meaningful life. We ften imagine that meaning flws frm trying t change the wrld like Steve Jbs. Once again, the research shws that lwering yur sights and fcusing n the little things can ffer a mre achievable sense f meaning. Often peple find it in rutines like taking care f family, r vlunteering in the cmmunity. But there is als a dark side t the pursuit f meaning: researchers have fund that it can encurage peple t draw sharp lines between thse wh belng in their grup and thse wh dn’t.
My research lab mapped ut a third rute t fulfillment: psychlgical richness. A psychlgically rich life is ne filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change yur perspective; a life with twists and turns; a life that feels like a lng, winding hike rather than many laps f the same racing circuit. Such experiences can make us tugher. Nt nly that, embracing the pursuit f psychlgical richness can make us less likely t regret: it matters less if the thing yu did went wrng.
Perhaps n ne said it better than Eleanr Rsevelt: “The purpse f life, after all, is t live it, t taste experience t the utmst, t reach ut eagerly and withut fear”.
1．What is revealed abut pursuing happiness r meaning?
A．Their benefits utweigh the limits.B．They are equally difficult t achieve.
C．Bth paths have limits despite their benefits.D．Mst peple priritize happiness ver meaning.
2．What des the example f “a cllege student” shw in paragraph 3?
A．Gratitude is essential fr a happy life.B．We shuld live up t thers’ expectatins.
C．Life means mre than leisure and cmfrt.D．Happiness requires academic achievement.
3．What des the underlined wrds “a dark side” imply in paragraph 4?
A．It may lead t prejudice against utsiders.B．It may result in the lss f grup belnging.
C．It demands t much vlunteer invlvement.D．It makes peple frget their family respnsibilities.
4．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing this article?
A．T prmte Rsevelt’s life philsphy.B．T intrduce a new cncept f life fulfillment.
C．T criticize traditinal psychlgical research.D．T cmpare different cultural views n happiness.
5.（2025届山东省日照市高三下学期三模）
Nw cntrversial new technlgies prmise parents even mre cntrl ver their embrys (胚胎) . Tday, a lt f thse “designer babies” are teenagers. And sme families are discvering that things dn’t always wrk ut as planned; The kids feel like walking science experiments; the parents are disappinted in hw their children turned ut. Fertility (生育) businesses are selling a chance f dmestic welfare, and these families feel cheated.
Peple wh have children this way ften place t much imprtance n genes while ignring the envirnment. It’s like, “This is what ur family is ging t lk like. We’re ging t pick a kid, and this is hw we're ging t put it tgether,” It’s like a prject r building a cmpany. Peple dn’t always realize they are creating a human being and nt a piece f furniture. They tend t get what they want and dn’t hear “n” a lt. S when their kid shws up and isn't the way that they want, what happens?
Usually, it’s a disaster. In these hmes, a high value gets placed n achievement. I think the way these kids are created sends the message: “Yu’re nt gd enugh. Yu need t achieve.” When the kids struggle, it’s especially devastating. The child grws up feeling very different, knwing they were an experiment but nt getting the prper supprt r acceptance they need t grw.
In my wrk, I help parents accept: This is the child yu have. I help them make abstract cncepts mre cncrete. Smetimes just explaining “yu and yur child are nt the same persn” des the trick. And I help kids accept the reality f their parents. Or say a teenager desn’t feel lved. I might need t clarify t them that “lve” is nt a tangible feeling, like getting kicked. It means smene feels fndness tward yu like yu feel fndness tward candies r tys.
Trying t cntrl yur child is a recipe fr disaster. The kid is ging t rebel (反抗) . I dn’t knw if anyne’s making sure parents understand that they can’t test-drive a child and then return it. Yu prbably can predict stcks, but human behavir has far t many variables.
1．What des the authr stress regarding “designer babies” in paragraph 1?
A．The high expectatins frm their parents.
B．The psychlgical impact n their families.
C．The intentinal cheating frm fertility businesses.
D．The mral issues surrunding genetic engineering.
2．What is a cmmn prblem fr families with “designer babies”?
A．The children ften rebel against their parents.
B．The parents are t fcused n genetic perfectin.
C．The children feel like they are science experiments.
D．The parents are unable t affrd t raise their children.
3．What des the underlined wrd “devastating” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cnfusing.B．Dubtful.C．Challenging.D．Harmful.
4．What is the authr’s suggestin fr parents f “designer babies”?
A．Invest mre in genetic research.
B．Accept their children as they are.
C．Fcus mre n their children’s achievements.
D．Seek prfessinal help t shape their children.
6.（2025届江西省华大新高考联盟高三下学期名校高考预测卷（三模））A grwing number f cmpanies are building humanid rbts, and these mechanical lk-alikes are starting t appear in car factries and delivery places. Sme businesses even prmise rbts fr hme use. Yet ne big questin still has n answer: Why bther? Why make a rbt in a human shape when it culd take any imaginable frm?
The usual answer is that humanid rbts culd, in principle, handle any physical jbs a persn can. But that “in principle” is ding a lt f heavy lifting. If yu’ve watched vides f these rbts, yu’ll get it — they’re ften clumsy, awkward machines. Sure, the technlgy helping them stand and mve has cme a lng way, but they’re still nt as quick r graceful as humans. Meanwhile, rbts built fr a single jb — like an arm shifting gds between cnveyr belts (传送带) — are nw cmmnplace. Designed with ne purpse, they d it really well, unlike humanid rbts, which aim t d everything but ften master nthing.
Anther argument is that a human shape makes it easier fr peple t wrk with r cntrl rbts. This hlds sme water, especially since many f these machines still need skilled human peratrs. Cmpanies ften avid admitting this, calling it a shrt-term phase, but the dream f fully independent, AI-pwered humanid rbts — nes that match r beat human wrkers — remains a lng sht. Fr nw, what we’ve gt are human-shaped shells guided by peple behind the scenes. When Eln Musk intrduced Tesla’s Optimus rbt in 2021, he prudly claimed it culd teach, babysit, walk dgs, fetch grceries, r pur drinks. Yet thse rbts weren’t AI-driven, and each was cntrlled by a hidden human. Ntice a pattern? These tasks—lw-wage, service-riented jbs — suggest that, fr nw, humanid rbts just mask human effrt with a shiny surface.
Sme remte-cntrlled rbts serve real purpses, like in deep-sea explratin. But thse machines aren’t shaped like humans — they lk like capsules r small vehicles, and they wrk just fine. The idea that rbts must be human-shaped is a failure f imaginatin.
Yes, humanid rbts lk impressive. They remind us f the fantasies in science fictins where machines handle all difficult tasks. But tday, they are mstly marketing tls, masking human labr. And a rbt that desn’t truly imprve life is missing the pint.
1．What des the underlined phrase “hlds sme water” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Prvides sufficient evidence.B．Makes much sense.
C．Is partly reasnable.D．Is widely accepted.
2．Why des the authr mentin Tesla’s Optimus rbt?
A．T prve humanid rbts are better.B．T highlight its impressive technlgy.
C．T shw it can replace human wrkers.D．T suggest it is in the charge f humans.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward humanid rbts?
A．Skeptical.B．Optimistic.C．Neutral.D．Cautius.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．When Humanid Rbts Miss PtentialB．Hw Humanid Rbts Miss Gals
C．What Humanid Rbts Lack NwD．Why Humanid Rbts Fall Shrt
7.（2025届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期5月全真模拟）Psychlgists lng believed happiness and meaning were keys t a gd life. Recent research, hwever, reveals a third dimensin (维度): psychlgical richness. In his bk Life in Three Dimensins, ShigehirOishi argues that significant life fulfillment requires embracing curisity-driven explratin and transfrmative experiences alngside happiness and meaning.
Oishi shares the stry f a father and sn. The father lived a stable life in a rural Japanese twn, maintaining family traditins fr his entire life. His sn pursued a different path — leaving his hme, studying abrad, and mving acrss cntinents. Althugh their lives highlight different pririties, bth fund elements f happiness and meaning. Even s, des that mean they bth live a full life?
Traditinal psychlgy utlines tw paths t achieve life fulfillment. The eudaimnic path values meaning thrugh family, cmmunity, r prfessinal dedicatins, while the hednic path seeks happiness by enjyable careers, rewarding experiences, r leisure pursuits. Yet bth paths cntain pitfalls. Overemphasizing happiness ften breeds anxiety, as studies cnfirm lasting cntentment stems frm relatinships, nt achievements. Similarly, being attached t great causes risks burnut. Therefre, either happiness r meaning alne fails t accunt fr the human need fr a cmplete life.
Psychlgical richness emerges as the vital third dimensin. It invlves lives clred by nvel experiences that reshape perspectives — studying abrad, mastering cmplex skills, r vercming difficulties. Peple wh are curius r scial naturally enjy this. Even thse lacking these characters can cultivate it thrugh small decisins, creative hbbies, r minr risks like explring unfamiliar neighbrhds. Even hard times can enhance psychlgical richness when regarded as pprtunities t grw.
As the sn in the stry, Oishi cncludes that fulfillment lies nt in chsing between happiness, meaning, r richness but cmbining them tgether. A farmer’s steady life and a traveler’s exciting jurney bth matter. Ultimately, the richest existence isn’t abut perfectin in any single dimensin but the harmnius interplay f all three.
1．What factr best explains the father-sn difference?
A．Generatin gap.B．Persnal chices.
C．Educatinal status.D．Ecnmic cnditins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “pitfalls” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A．Csts.B．Features.C．Advantages.D．Reasns.
3．What can be learned frm the bk?
A．Persnalities are difficult t change.
B．Psychlgical richness develps with age.
C．Traditinal views shuld be abandned.
D．Life satisfactin is shaped by multiple factrs.
4．What is the recmmended shelf categry fr the bk?
A．Cultural Studies & Emtinal Health.B．Persnal Grwth & Life Philsphy.
C．Glbal Experiences & Art Appreciatin.D．Human Cnnectin & Career Develpment.
8.（2025山西省高三下学期5月押题）In an era when the average persn checks their smartphne nearly 144 times a day, devting neself t a lengthy nvel r cmplex piece f literature has becme a rarity. The digital revlutin, while bringing easy access t infrmatin, has degraded ur capacity fr deep reading.
Deep reading is mre than just prcessing wrds n a page; it’s an experience that invlves critical thinking, empathy (共情) , and knwledge explratin. This frm f reading allws individuals t engage with cmplex ideas and cnnect emtinally with texts. Histrically, deep reading has been instrumental in educatin and persnal develpment, cultivating a persn capable f critical thught and innvatin.
In a digital age, the way we cnsume infrmatin has dramatically changed. Fr instance, scial media platfrms are designed t catch ur attentin thrugh endless brwsing and bite-sized cntent. This design can weaken ur patience fr lnger, mre demanding texts. A study frm Micrsft Crp. suggested that the human attentin span has decreased frm 12 secnds in 2000 t abut 8 secnds tday, highlighting hw digital media affects ur ability t cncentrate.
In the digital landscape, attentin has becme what cmpanies cmpete fr, ften emplying strategies that disturb ur attentin spans. Ntices, advertisements, and big data-based cntent make it difficult fr readers t find the uninterrupted time necessary fr deep reading.
Our brains are remarkably adaptable, and the way we prcess infrmatin can change with ur habits. Neurscientists have fund that regular Internet use can rewire neural pathways, favring quick decisin-making and surface prcessing ver deep thinking. Nichlas Carr argues that the Internet encurages rapid, distracted sampling f small bits f infrmatin frm many surces—a mde f thinking that is cntrary t deep reading.
The decline in deep reading desn’t just affect individual cgnitin (认知) ; it has brader scietal cnsequences. In educatin, students accustmed t surface-level reading may struggle with texts that require analysis and critical thinking. This trend can lead t a wrkfrce less prepared fr jbs that demand deep understanding and prblem-slving skills.
Given the challenges, hw can we preserve and prmte deep reading in the digital age?
1．Why is deep reading imprtant?
A．It prmtes the use f scial media.B．It bsts readers` innvative ability.
C．It allws fr faster decisin-making.D．It enables quick scanning f infrmatin.
2．Hw d the Internet and digital media affect deep reading?
A．They imprve reading efficiency.
B．They increase access t diverse resurces.
C．They cntributes t divided attentin habits.
D．They prvide new ideas fr better understanding.
3．What message des the authr mainly cnvey in para 5?
A．The human brain has a strng adaptability.
B．The internet has a psitive impact n ur brains.
C．The way we prcess infrmatin changes with ur habits.
D．The internet disfavrs deep reading despite its advantages.
4．What is expected t be talked abut next?
A．Strategies t prmte deep reading.B．The future applicatin f digital media.
C．The benefits f digital reading materials.D．Histrical examples f deep reading practices.
9.（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校高三下学期第四次模拟）Last semester, I was extremely excited abut a big science prject in my schl. I had spent weeks researching, planning, and cnducting experiments, believing that my hard wrk wuld surely lead t a great result. Hwever, when the results were annunced, I was devastated. My prject didn’t even make it t the shrtlist.
At first, I was filled with self-dubt and disappintment. I questined all my effrts and wndered if it was all in vain. But as I tk sme time t reflect, I began t see the failure in a different light.
Failure, I realized, is nt the end but a valuable teacher. It frced me t analyze my prject thrughly. I fund that there were flaws in my experimental design and sme key aspects that I had verlked. This self-awareness was crucial. It taught me t be mre careful and thrugh in my future endeavrs.
Histry is filled with examples f great peple wh failed befre achieving success. Thmas Edisn failed thusands f times befre inventing the light bulb. Each failure was a step frward fr him, helping him t get rid f what didn’t wrk and fcus n what did. His stry shws that failure is a stepping-stne t success.
Failure als builds resilience. When we face failure and vercme the initial shck and disappintment, we becme strnger mentally. We learn t bunce back frm setbacks, which is an essential skill in life
In the end, that failed science prject was nt a disaster but a blessing in disguise. It taught me mre than I culd have learned frm a successful utcme. It made me a better learner and a mre determined persn.
1．Hw did the authr feel when his science prject failed?
A．Prud.B．Angry.C．Disappinted.D．Indifferent.
2．What did the authr find after reflecting n the failure?
A．His hard wrk was ttally wasted.B．He had made sme mistakes in his prject.
C．The judges were unfair t him.D．His prject was actually very gd.
3．What can we infer frm Thmas Edisn’s stry?
A．Success cmes easily withut failure.B．Failure is always a negative thing.
C．We shuld be afraid f failure.D．Failure can lead t success.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The prcess f a science prject.B．The imprtance f success in life.
C．The value and lessns we can learn frm failure.D．Hw t avid failure in prjects.
10.（2025届重庆市高三下学期第三次联合诊断检测）In 1933, philspher Bertrand Russell bserved that “the fundamental cause f the truble is that in the mdern wrld the stupid are cnfident while the intelligent are full f dubt.” This insight remains relevant tday, but the issue runs deeper: while mst peple recgnize vercnfidence in thers, they rarely see it in themselves. This phenmenn, knwn as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, reveals that thse with the least knwledge ften verestimate their abilities, while the truly knwledgeable remain humble and pen-minded.
The internet exacerbates this prblem. With endless access t infrmatin, peple ften mistake superficial understanding fr prfessinal knwledge, leading t vercnfidence. Organizatinal psychlgist Adam Grant addresses this in his bk Think Again, urging readers t challenge and update their beliefs. Grant argues that we ften adpt the mindsets f churchmen, lawyers, r pliticians — defending ur beliefs, attacking thers’, r seeking apprval — rather than seeking truth.
T vercme this, Grant suggests separating ur sense f self frm fixed beliefs. Instead f sticking t beliefs, we shuld be pen t revisin. This scientific mindset encurages us t test ideas and update ur understanding. Grant cites a study where entrepreneurs (企业家) trained in scientific thinking did better than their peers and achieved greater success, which highlights the value f pen-mindedness and adaptability.
In the final part f the bk, Grant shws us hw rethinking skills enhance plitical debates, teaching, and wrkplace innvatin. Grant prvides a hst f illustrative examples, but my favrite is the example f a histry teacher wh gets her students t think like scientists by rewriting textbk chapters that failed t cver imprtant histrical events in sufficient depth. This is a far better apprach than simply delivering a lecture and frcing students t review the infrmatin n a test.
But f curse, this bk is nt the final wrd n the tpic, and Grant wuldn’t want it t be. As we gain better evidence and mre experience, it’s ur respnsibility t cntinually renew ur beliefs. As Russell said, “If yu’re certain f anything, yu’re certainly wrng, because nthing deserves abslute certainty.”
1．What prblem d mst peple have?
A．Decline in self-cnfidence.B．Cncern abut thers’ dubts.
C．Indifference t scial prblems.D．Unawareness f persnal limitatins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbates” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Creates.B．Fixes.C．Wrsens.D．Prevents.
3．Which persn culd be an example in the final part f the bk?
A．A chef pen t feedback.B．A scientist resistant t dubts.
C．A dctr reliant n experience.D．A cnsumer blinded by brands.
4．Which f the fllwing can be used t describe the bk?
A．Practical and cnclusive.B．Insightful but nt definitive.
C．Infrmative and theretical.D．Authritative but nt engaging.
11.（2025届江西省南昌市高三下学期二模）What if everything happens fr a reasn? It’s a thery that we’ve all heard mre than nce. And in many ways, burnt tast thery can be seen as a mdern take n this classic idea, implying that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
We’ve all been there. Say yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this single, tiny incnvenience is enugh t have a dmin effect (多米诺效应). Yur mrning is then pushed back by what, maybe three t five minutes? Perhaps that is enugh time t leave the huse a little bit later than usual, and t avid getting in a car accident. Or it might mean yu end up getting a later train, and avid bumping int smene wh yu’d really rather avid.
In ther wrds, the burnt tast thery is a reminder t shift yur thinking pattern. When we chse t view the wrld in a mre psitive light, we can help t reduce feelings f anxiety, and release ur fear f being ut f cntrl f the wrld arund us. It prevents us frm thinking ver smething that isn’t really all that bad in the grand perspective f things and encurages us t make meaning f challenges we may experience, thus making us mre adaptive t the future setbacks. The next time yu feel yurself becming annyed r frustrated by an incnvenience in yur life, try reshaping yur thughts by telling yurself why yu’re grateful fr the incnvenience.
While maintaining a psitive mindset can g a lng way, burnt tast thery is nt withut its drawbacks. Be mindful that nly allwing yurself t fcus n psitive thughts can mean that yu are denying yurself the chance t prperly engage with challenging r difficult emtins, instead fcusing n creating a false psitive prfile.
1．What may be a case f the burnt tast thery?
A．Gaining rewards after paying effrts.
B．Lsing a jb after frgetting t set an alarm.
C．Meeting a future emplyer after missing a flight.
D．Mending friendship after clearing misunderstandings.
2．What is the result f applying the burnt tast thery accrding t paragraph 3?
A．Better judgement n fears.B．Richer experience frm failures.
C．The remval f daily incnveniences.D．The harvest f a psitive mindset.
3．Which aspect f the thery des the last paragraph fcus n?
A．Wuld-be prjects.B．Real-wrld applicatins.
C．Ptential weaknesses.D．Practical advantages.
4．What is prbably the best title f the text?
A．Less Is MreB．Make a Lemn Lemnade
C．Once Bitten, Twice ShyD．Better Late Than Never
12.（2025届河北省部分校高三下学期3月模拟预测）Cnsider the hierarchy (层次) f needs prpsed in 1943 by the psychlgist Abraham Maslw. Maslw believed that peple tend t fcus n meeting their needs in a particular rder f urgency. We start with survival needs such as fd, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn ur attentin t scial and emtinal needs, such as lve and belnging. Finally, we fcus n higher-rder needs such as self-actualizatin — in ther wrds, lking fr life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, mney is nly truly helpful fr the first. This is why ecnmists ften find that well-being desn’t imprve much nce a persn reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet thse needs. The “middle needs” f lve and belnging — family, friends, rmance — can’t be met with mney, and pursuing mney with t much gust can even result in unexpected cnsequences.
Fcusing t much n mney is actively ppsed t Maslw’s highest-level needs, because ding s can lead peple int a trap that researchers call “financial cntingency f self-wrth,” which happens when a persn’s self-esteem is cnditinal n his r her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high bth when mney is tight and when peple reach higher incme levels. A 2018 survey cnducted by LinkedIn fund that stress at wrk falls when peple earn mre than $50,000, but then starts t rise significantly when peple earn abve $200,000. One reasn fr the stress amng high earners is their neglect (忽略) f relatinships, accrding t sme researchers.
Perhaps yur parents always put a lt f pressure n yu t succeed financially, r yu tend t be insecure abut yur self-wrth and rely a lt n scial cmparisn. One way r anther, yu might be measuring yurself in mney, and withut realizing it, hping that at sme pint yu will be “expensive” enugh t earn thers’ lve and respect. Yur instincts (直觉) might be telling yu t earn mre, mre, mre in rder t find peace and satisfactin. Yur instincts are lying, and yu culd get much happier by reassessing yur pririties.
1．What is the primary rle f mney accrding t Maslw’s hierarchy f needs?
A．It ensures a sense f safety.B．It satisfies all levels f needs.
C．It is crucial fr self-actualizatin.D．It is mst effective fr basic survival needs.
2．What des “gust” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Resistance.B．Enthusiasm.C．Indifference.D．Hesitatin.
3．Why might pursuing mney excessively lead t stress even at higher incme levels?
A．It leads t a cnstant need fr financial grwth.
B．It cmplicates financial chices fr the wealthy.
C．It may vershadw scial and emtinal bnds.
D．It increases the pressure t maintain high incme.
4．What is the authr’s view n using mney as a measure f self-wrth?
A．It’s a natural respnse.B．It’s a reasnable pursuit.
C．It’s a ntable miscnceptin.D．It’s a temprary phase in persnal grwth.
13.（2025届湖北省名校（圆创）高三下学期三月联合测评）Since the dawn f human histry, innvatin has been a balancing act f wnder and fear. Frm the discvery f fire t the first flights f airplanes, each technlgical breakthrugh has prmised t enhance human abilities while simultaneusly (同时) causing risks. Fire culd warm us r destry us; airplanes culd cnnect us r be turned int tls f war. Yet thrugh all these advancements, ne cnstant has remained: human cgnitin (认知) , the unique spark f thught and creativity that has shaped ur prgress.
But tday, smething is different. Fr the first time in histry, human cgnitin itself is at risk f being ut-f-date. With the rise f artificial intelligence (AI), we are n lnger just building tls t enhance ur abilities; we are building systems that may be superir t ur very capacity t think, create, and innvate. This shift desn’t just cmpletely change industries, but it als challenges the cre f what makes us human.
In past innvatins, technlgies functined as extensins f human abilities. The airplanes enlarged ur physical reach, the Internet expanded ur access t infrmatin, and cmputers increased ur ability t cmpute. These tls were clearly under human cntrl, perating within the bundaries we set.
Hwever, AI is fundamentally different. It perates in the range f cgnitin, nt merely cnducting tasks, but als learning, reasning, and even generating creative cntent. Frm writing news articles t diagnsing diseases, AI systems are perfrming tasks nce thught t require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can? And, mre imprtantly, what des it mean t be human in an age when ur intellectual strength is n lnger guaranteed?
Histrically, we’ve accepted bslescence (过时) as part f the cycle f innvatin and, in mst situatins, embraced it. Outdated tls shuld be abandned, and new nes take their place. But when the “tl” at risk f bslescence is human cgnitin itself, we enter unknwn area. AI’s capacity t ptentially utd ur intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak psitin, ne where we must cnfrnt ur wn limitatins.
1．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．One gd turn deserves anther.B．Take things as they cme.
C．Dn’t put the cart befre the hrse.D．Every cin has tw sides.
2．What des the authr mean by saying “But tday, smething is different” in paragraph 2?
A．Human cgnitin starts t be utdated.B．Wnder and fear have lst balance.
C．Human cgnitin has reached a ceiling.D．Creativity has shaped ur prgress.
3．Hw is the main idea presented in the text?
A．By telling stries.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards the rise f artificial intelligence?
A．Cncerned.B．Skeptical.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
议论文创新练
1.（2025届湖北省荆州市沙市区湖北省沙市中学高三下学期六月适应性检测）Fr centuries, what makes human creativity s precius is nt nly the final prducts it yields, but als the effrt behind their creatin. But in a wrld where AI can generate anything with the click f a buttn, hw d we distinguish what truly matters? Hw des human-made art survive?
Thrughut histry, the mst famus wrks f art, literature, and music have carried a sense f labr, dedicatin, and mastery. We dn’t just admire the end prduct; we admire hw it came t be. Masterpieces like Van Ggh’s “Starry Night” sustain nt simply fr their artistic beauty, but fr the human stries they carry. They remind us that art is nt just abut beauty r skill — it is abut intentin, persistence, and what makes us human.
As AI flds the wrld with instant beauty, we’re entering an era f “aesthetic inflatin”, where perfectly cmpsed images, petic style, and mvie-like strytelling are available t anyne, instantly and at n cst. This makes us think abut when beauty is effrtless and endless, des human creatins still have value?
But human imperfectin isn’t a weakness — it’s part f wh we are, shaping ur understanding f humanity. Our struggles, mistakes, and limitatins aren’t just difficulties t vercme — they’re part f what gives life meaning. In this light, AI’s ability t create perfect art feels almst unnatural—a rejectin f the struggle that gives creativity its weight. It may achieve technical perfectin — but at the cst f the riginal energy that makes art stir feelings within peple. Even at its mst impressive, AI-generated art ften feels empty. It has n real emtins r experiences, and n clear creatr, failing t create unexpected surprises and aruse shared emtin with audience.
Therefre, t preserve meaning, selectin and cntext becme mre crucial. As AI can prduce endless cntent, the human elements like cntext, narrative and the reasning behind art becme the true value surce. Als, AI can be a creative cllabratr rather than a replacement, refining ideas while keeping human imperfectin and feeling, and acting as an amplifier (放大镜) f human visin.
1．Why d masterpieces like “Starry Night” remain valuable in the AI era?
A．They represent unique human characteristics.
B．They shwcase brilliant artistic creatin skill.
C．They are created thrugh lng prductin prcesses.
D．They cntain human emtinal depth and creative effrt.
2．Why des the authr mentin “aesthetic inflatin” in paragraph 3?
A．T demnstrate AI’s efficiency in art creatin.
B．T prve that AI-generated art is mre affrdable.
C．T criticize the veruse f technlgy in art creatin.
D．T stress the devaluatin f beauty due t mass prductin.
3．Hw des the authr develp the argument in the passage?
A．By giving examples.B．By giving definitins.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By making classificatins.
4．The authr wrte this passage t ___________.
A．shw ways t perfect art with AI
B．teach hw t create art in the age f AI
C．argue why human art still matters in the AI age
D．intrduce a new revlutin in art creatin brught by AI
2.（2025届湖北省武汉市第二中学高三下学期二模）In Malclm Gladwell’s thught — prvking bk Outliers (异类), the Matthew effect (马太效应) suggests that an individual’s success is intricately tied t the timing f their birth date and the subsequent pprtunities that arise. While Gladwell claims that this seemingly randm factr initiates a chain f advantages leading t success, this essay seek t challenge that perceptin. It argues that success is an interplay f multiple factrs, insisting that individual ambitin, inbrn talent, and family influences are equally crucial, if nt mre s, in shaping ne’s path t success.
Gladwell argues that thse wh pssess will receive mre, and thse withut will lse even the little they have. He extends this t success, attributing it t hidden birth dates advantages, but neglects the prfund impact f individual ambitin, innate talent, and family influences n the success.
Cntrary t Gladwell’s perspective, individual ambitin emerges as a pwerful frce in determining success. Ambitin acts as the driving frce behind individuals wh, regardless f their age r birth date, strive fr excellence and surpass the nrm. A cnvincing example is fund in the stry f Stephanie Bradley, a yung girl with a strng desire t becme a dctr. Stephanie’s upbringing in a mdest envirnment with parents f limited educatin did nt prvide her with extrardinary pprtunities. Hwever, her unwavering ambitin stimulated her t vercme bstacles. Her stry vividly illustrates the pwer f ambitin in fstering determinatin, maintaining fcus, and creating pprtunities independent f external advantages.
While Gladwell fcuses mainly n accumulative advantages, he verlks the significant rle f inbrn talent in inspiring individuals t success. Natural abilities, distinct frm skills acquired thrugh training, ften act as a catalyst (催化剂) fr extrardinary achievement. Cnsider the case f Taylr, a high schl freshman n a lcal swim team. Taylr’s stry challenges Gladwell’s thery by illustrating innate talent triumphing ver accumulative advantages. Despite lacking the pprtunities, training scheme, and financial backing f his cmpetitrs, Taylr’s natural talent pwerfully facilitated him t victry. His success demnstrates that innate talent, independent f external advantages, can be a driving frce in the pursuit f excellence.
In cnclusin, while Gladwell’s Matthew effect makes sme sense in certain instances, it versimplifies success. The stries f Stephanie Bradley and Taylr shw hw persnal drive and natural abilities can stimulate individuals t success, challenging the cnclusive view presented by Gladwell. Success is a cmbinatin f multiple factrs, and recgnizing these is crucial fr understanding achievement.
1．Which example des the authr use t demnstrate the pwer f individual ambitin?
A．Malclm Gladwell’s definitin f “utliers”.
B．The achievements f the Medicine Hat hckey team.
C．The stry f Stephanie Bradley wh desires t be a dctr.
D．The experience f Taylr, a high-schl freshman n a swim team.
2．What can we infer frm the passage abut Gladwell’s perspective n success?
A．It has been supprted by schlars in the field.
B．It fully takes int accunt the diverse factrs influencing success.
C．It might verlk the significance f certain internal factrs fr success.
D．It prvides an cmprehensive and accurate thery fr understanding success.
3．What implicatin can we draw frm the example f Taylr?
A．Athletes withut financial supprt can never achieve great success.
B．Innate talents can fuel success even withut external advantages.
C．Accumulative advantages are the decisive factr fr an athlete’s victry.
D．High-schl freshmen are mre likely t shine in sprts cmpetitins.
4．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Success: Is It All abut Birth Dates r Smething Mre?
B．Malclm Gladwell’s Outliers: A Grundbreaking Thery
C．The Matthew Effect: Unveiling the True Secret f Success
D．The Stries f Stephanie Bradley and Taylr: Keys t Success
3.（2025届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三下学期一模）Every day, yu likely hear a new piece f advice. One suggestin yu may hear is t “fake it until yu make it”, especially if yu’re starting smething new, like a jb. But is it really gd advice?
Fake it till yu make it is an expressin in which a persn imitates (模仿) the cnfidence r skills they need t succeed in what they are ding in the hpe that they will eventually feel real. Advcates f this idea say yu can fake cnfidence and hpe that, eventually, it will inspire real cnfidence.
The best time t use this strategy may be when yu’re trying t change yur behavir t imprve yurself. If yu aim t bst yur wrk prductivity, yu might draw inspiratin frm yur mre efficient clleagues. This way can help yu learn strategies t enhance yur perfrmance. Similarly, in yur persnal life, striving t be mre friendly and warm can initially feel awkward but will ultimately fster better relatinships with thse arund yu.
Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it desn’t always bring sunshine, lllipps, and rainbws. It may nt wrk when dealing with hard skills, assisting thers, r faking wh yu are. Fr example, it is incredibly hard t fake technical skills and cmpetence like sftware experience. It’s als hard t assist thers if yu lack understanding f the subject. Mrever, pretending t be smene yu’re nt r making false claims can be expsed.
One study shws that it can snwball int impster syndrme, which can arise when individuals feel their success is undeserved and fear being expsed as a fake. Unfrtunately, faking it till yu make it can exacerbate that syndrme, leading t avidance and negative impacts n prductivity and well-being.
In cnclusin, there is a difference between learning new behavirs and lying abut yur identity r skills. One can build yu int a better wrker r friend, but the latter can get yu int truble. “Fake it till yu make it” can be a useful apprach fr sme, while it can als cntribute t impster syndrme fr thers.
1．Why d sme peple adpt the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．T criticize the behavir f thers.
B．T make thers trust their abilities.
C．T avid taking n new challenges.
D．T gain cnfidence thrugh imitatin.
2．In what type f situatin might “fake it till yu make it” be ineffective?
A．When taking up a new hbby.
B．When trying t stay fcused in class.
C．When teaching thers cmputer skills.
D．When scializing with yur classmates.
3．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Wrsen.B．Relieve.
C．Prevent.D．Recgnize.
4．What is the authr’s main viewpint n the strategy “fake it till yu make it”?
A．It can be psitive r negative.
B．It is a useful tl in ur daily life.
C．It is mre harmful in the lng run.
D．It’s always gd fr persnal grwth.
4.（2025届湖北省襄阳市第五中学高三下学期适应性考试（四））In the early 1900s, when pursuing ne f his many prjects, the French chemist and inventr Eduard Benedictus invented shatterprf (防碎的) glass by chance, althugh its imprtance wasnˈt recgnized until issues emerged within the car market.
Such mments f serendipity reveal the unpredictable nature f innvatin. Yet, even in cases where chance plays a rle, as in Benedictusˈs stry, the brader questin remains: Are such discveries truly brn f luck, r were they smehw “in the air,” waiting fr the right persn t seize them?
Sme argue all the discveries wuld have been made by ther peple. They believe if the time was ripe, smene wuld have gt there. Independently, Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace(the latter 15 years behind Darwin)arrived at the thery f evlutin by natural selectin, bth cunting n similar data. There existed slight differences in the thery, but the cincidences f thught were astnishing. This phenmenn, which als exists in bilgical evlutin, is called cnvergence (趋同性): tw nn-clsely related species develp similar functinal adaptatins. This is an imprtant clue that can help explain why this pattern als exists in scientific knwledge: Different research teams face similar pressures t find slutins, driving them t pursue similar paths f inquiry.
If we analyze the steps that led t the result, we can see that there were in fact sme accidental elements. Yet is it really pssible that all discveries were “in the air”?
All scientists are learning frm thse giants wh have gne befre them, and there is bjectively a cumulative (积累的) element in science. Nevertheless, at sme pint and in the right circumstances, it was the unknwn scientists, nt the giants, wh managed t see a little farther. The mind f the giant was imprisned by prir knwledge, the framewrk f established habits, and established methds. The new, little-knwn scientist, n the ther hand, will in ne way r anther have been able t break free f the chains f established knwledge. Therefre, it will be pssible fr them t imagine ther wrlds. This suggests that it will be innvatrs, with their prepared minds, wh have a better chance f making accidental discveries, namely that are irregular and unexpected.
1．In paragraph 2 “serendipity” refers t __________.
A．late recgnitin.B．accidental inventin.
C．chemical innvatin.D．emergence f prblems.
2．The example f Darwin and Wallace is given t illustrate __________.
A．independent but similar slutins fund by different peple.
B．limited resurces and technlgical difficulties in science.
C．the imprtant rle f similar data in scientific research.
D．fierce cmpetitin amng scientists f different times.
3．What advantage might less-knwn scientists have ver established researchers?
A．Access t advanced tls.B．Greater funding pprtunities.
C．Strnger peer cperatin.D．Freedm frm rigid mindsets.
4．Which statement best reflects the main idea f the passage?
A．All discveries are sure results f technlgical prgress.
B．Chance alne drives grundbreaking scientific achievements.
C．Traditinal methds prevent innvatin and shuld be abandned.
D．Breakthrughs integrate accidental pprtunities with prepared minds.
1.【2022年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
2.【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, th car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
51. What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A. Making us simple-mindedB. Making us shrt-signted.
C. Leading us nt a busy rad.D. Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
52. Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A. Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B. By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C. By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D. Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
53. Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A. less selfishB. less annying
C. mre mtivatedD. mre respnsible
54. In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A. When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B. When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind t the reality.
55. Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A. inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B. directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C. purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D. prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
3.【2021年北京卷】Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
31. What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B. Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C. The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D. Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
32. The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A. present an assumptinB. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experimentD. intrduce an apprach
33. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C. Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D. Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
34. What can we infer frm this passage？
A. It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D. Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
4.【2021年天津卷第一次】There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排 除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise （专长）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
51．T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
52．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
53．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
54．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
55．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
5.【2019年江苏卷】Wh cares if peple think wrngly that the Internet has had mre imprtant influences than the washing machine? Why des it matter that peple are mre impressed by the mst recent changes?
It wuld nt matter if these misjudgments were just a matter f peple's pinins. Hwever, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use f scarce resurces.
The fascinatin with the ICT(Infrmatin and Cmmunicatin Technlgy) revlutin, represented by the Internet, has made sme rich cuntries wrngly cnclude that making things is s "yesterday" that they shuld try t live n ideas. This belief in "pst-industrial sciety" has led thse cuntries t neglect their manufacturing sectr(制造业) with negative cnsequences fr their ecnmies.
Even mre wrryingly, the fascinatin with the Internet by peple in rich cuntries has mved the internatinal cmmunity t wrry abut the "digital divide" between the rich cuntries and the pr cuntries. This has led cmpanies and individuals t dnate mney t develping cuntries t buy cmputer equipment and Internet facilities. The questin, hwever, is whether this is what the develping cuntries need the mst. Perhaps giving mney fr thse less fashinable things such as digging wells, extending electricity netwrks and making mre affrdable washing machines wuld have imprved peple's lives mre than giving every child a laptp cmputer r setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am nt saying that thse things are necessarily mre imprtant, but many dnatrs have rushed int fancy prgrammes withut carefully assessing the relative lng-term csts and benefits f alternative uses f their mney.
In yet anther example, a fascinatin with the new has led peple t believe that the recent changes in the technlgies f cmmunicatins and transprtatin are s revlutinary that nw we live in a "brderless wrld". As a result, in the last twenty years r s, many peple have cme t believe that whatever change is happening tday is the result f great technlgical prgress, ging against which will be like trying t turn the clck back. Believing in such a wrld, many gvernments have put an end t sme f the very necessary regulatins n crss-brder flws f capital, labur and gds, with pr results.
Understanding technlgical trends is very imprtant fr crrectly designing ecnmic plicies, bth at the natinal and the internatinal levels, and fr making the right career chices at the individual level. Hwever, ur fascinatin with the latest, and ur under valuatin f what has already becme cmmn, can, and has, led us in all srts f wrng directins.
61. Misjudgments n the influences f new technlgy can lead t __________.
A. a lack f cnfidence in technlgy
B. a slw prgress in technlgy
C. a cnflict f public pinins
D. a waste f limited resurces
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that dnatrs shuld __________.
A. take peple's essential needs int accunt
B. make their prgrammes attractive t peple
C. ensure that each child gets financial supprt
D. prvide mre affrdable internet facilities
63. What has led many gvernments t remve necessary regulatins?
A. Neglecting the impacts f technlgical advances.
B. Believing that the wrld has becme brderless.
C. Ignring the pwer f ecnmic develpment.
D. Over-emphasizing the rle f internatinal cmmunicatin.
64. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Peple shuld be encuraged t make mre dnatins.
B. Traditinal technlgy still has a place nwadays.
C. Making right career chices is crucial t persnal success.
D. Ecnmic plicies shuld fllw technlgical trends.