高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷28 长难句拆解——主谓宾隔离+嵌套从句 导学案 含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷28 长难句拆解——主谓宾隔离+嵌套从句 导学案 含答案，共14页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
长难句是阅读理解的主要障碍，其难点在于：主谓宾被各种修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语）隔离，或者从句层层嵌套。掌握三步分析法，可以快速剥离修饰、抓住主干、理清逻辑。
一、三步分析法
① 找谓语动词：谓语动词是句子的核心，有几个谓语就有几个分句（并列句或从句）。
② 寻连接词：连接词（that, which, wh, what, when, where, why, hw, if, whether, because, althugh等）引导从句，帮助我们识别从句类型和层次。
③ 定主干：先找出主句的主谓宾，再分析从句的修饰关系。
二、五种常见嵌套结构
三、解题步骤
① 通读全句，圈出所有谓语动词。
② 找出连接词，划分从句边界。
③ 去掉修饰成分（定语、状语、插入语），露出主干。
④ 逐层理解从句的意义及其与主句的关系。
⑤ 代入语境，确保理解准确。
四、 示例
原句：The idea that technlgy can replace teachers, which sunds appealing t sme, ignres the fact that educatin is fundamentally a human interactin.
分析：主干是The the fact。that technlgy can replace teachers是同位语从句修饰idea；which sunds appealing t sme是非限制性定语从句修饰idea；that educatin is fundamentally a human interactin是同位语从句修饰fact。
题型：共60题，含主干提取、从句类型判断、翻译选择、篇章阅读长难句释义。
专项突破·长难句拆解60题
一、划出句子主干（请用下划线标出每个句子的主语、谓语和宾语/表语）
1. The man wh is standing under the tree, wearing a blue cat, is my uncle.
2. What we need mst right nw, as yu can imagine, is a gd rest.
3. The fact that he didn't pass the exam, which surprised all f us, made his parents very sad.
4. I will never frget the day when I first met yu at the railway statin.
5. The reasn why he was late, as he explained, was that his car brke dwn n the way.
6. Althugh it was raining heavily, the children insisted n playing utside.
7. The bk which I brrwed frm the library yesterday is very interesting.
8. My mther tld me that I shuld aplgize t him fr my rude behavir.
9. The questin whether we shuld accept the ffer remains t be discussed.
10. When we arrived at the airprt, we were tld that the flight had been canceled.
11. The news that ur team had wn the champinship spread quickly thrugh the campus.
12. He is the nly persn in ur cmpany wh can speak three freign languages fluently.
13. Whatever yu decide t d, I will supprt yu uncnditinally.
14. The mre yu practice, the better yur English will becme.
15. It is reprted that a new bridge will be built acrss the river next year.
16. I have n idea where he has gne and when he will be back.
17. The teacher suggested that we shuld read mre bks, which is very helpful fr ur writing.
18. Nt nly did he finish his hmewrk n time, but he als helped his sister with hers.
19. The man whm yu saw at the party last night is a famus actr.
20. It was because f his carelessness that the accident happened.
二、判断从句类型（写出画线部分从句的类型）
21. What yu need is mre patience and practice.
22. The news that he was prmted delighted his family.
23. This is the factry where my father used t wrk.
24. I wnder if he will cme t the party.
25. When we will start the prject hasn't been decided yet.
26. He didn't cme t schl yesterday because he was ill.
27. The man wh is talking with ur teacher is my uncle.
28. My suggestin is that we shuld leave immediately.
29. Whether it will rain r nt desn't matter t us.
30. I still remember the day when I first came t this city.
31. The reasn why he was absent is unknwn.
32. Althugh it was late, she cntinued wrking.
33. The bk which I bught yesterday is very interesting.
34. He spke s fast that I culdn't fllw him.
35. The fact that he succeeded surprised everyne.
三、选择正确译文（从A、B、C、D中选择与原句意思最接近的翻译）
36. The idea that we can achieve success withut hard wrk is a cmplete illusin.
A. 没有努力就能成功的想法完全是个幻觉。 B. 我们可以不努力就成功，这个想法很完美。 C. 成功的想法不需要努力，这是幻觉。 D. 不努力的想法导致成功是幻觉。
37. What surprised me mst was nt what he said but the way he said it.
A. 最让我吃惊的不是他说的内容，而是他说话的方式。 B. 他说的内容和方式都让我吃惊。 C. 让我吃惊的是他说话的方式而不是内容。 D. 他说的内容和方式都不让我吃惊。
38. The factry, whse prducts are ppular bth at hme and abrad, was funded in 1990.
A. 这家工厂成立于1990年，其产品在国内外都很受欢迎。 B. 成立于1990年的这家工厂产品在国内外受欢迎。 C. 产品在国内外受欢迎的这家工厂成立于1990年。 D. 以上都对。
39. It is generally believed that a persn's md can be affected by the weather.
A. 一般相信一个人的情绪能受天气影响。 B. 人们普遍认为天气会影响人的情绪。 C. 天气被普遍认为能影响人的情绪。 D. 一个人的情绪受天气影响，这是普遍相信的。
40. The reasn why he failed the exam is that he didn't study hard.
A. 他考试不及格的原因是他没有努力学习。 B. 他没有努力学习，所以他考试不及格。 C. 因为他没有努力学习，所以考试不及格。 D. 他考试不及格，原因是他没有努力学习。
41. He had a strange expressin n his face, which made me feel uneasy.
A. 他脸上有一种奇怪的表情，这让我感到不安。 B. 他脸上奇怪的表情让我不安。 C. 因为他脸上奇怪的表情，我感到不安。 D. 他脸上有一种让我不安的奇怪表情。
42. Whatever happens, we will stand by yur side.
A. 无论发生什么，我们都会站在你身边。 B. 不管发生什么，我们都会支持你。 C. 无论何事发生，我们都会支持你。 D. 以上都对。
43. The news that ur team had wn the champinship excited everyne.
A. 我们队赢得冠军的消息让每个人兴奋。 B. 我们队赢得冠军，这个消息让每个人兴奋。 C. 每个人都因为我们队赢得冠军的消息而兴奋。 D. 以上都对。
44. Nt nly did he finish the task n time, but he als did it perfectly.
A. 他不仅按时完成了任务，而且完成得很完美。 B. 他不但按时完成任务，还完美地完成了它。 C. 他按时完成且完美地完成了任务。 D. 以上都对。
45. It was in this small twn that I spent my happy childhd.
A. 就是在这个小镇上，我度过了快乐的童年。 B. 我快乐的童年是在这个小镇度过的。 C. 这个小镇是我度过快乐童年的地方。 D. 以上都对。
四、篇章阅读长难句释义（阅读下面短文，从每题所给的选项中选出与画线句子意思最接近的选项）
Passage 1
In recent years, the cncept f "digital minimalism" has gained tractin amng tech users. 46. It encurages peple t fcus n meaningful nline activities rather than mindless scrlling. Prpnents argue that by reducing screen time, we can imprve mental health and prductivity. 47. Hwever, critics warn that cmpletely discnnecting frm technlgy might nt be realistic in tday's intercnnected wrld. They suggest a balanced apprach, where we use technlgy intentinally. 48. This means being aware f hw and why we use digital devices, and making cnscius chices abut ur nline time.
46. The underlined sentence means that digital minimalism ______.
A. asks peple t stp using digital devices B. encurages peple t engage in meaningful nline activities instead f meaningless brwsing C. fcuses n reducing screen time by any means D. suggests that nline activities are all meaningless
47. The critics' view is that ______.
A. we shuld cmpletely discnnect frm technlgy B. it's impssible t cmpletely avid technlgy in mdern sciety C. technlgy is harmful and shuld be avided D. we shuld use technlgy as much as pssible
48. The phrase "being aware f hw and why we use digital devices" implies ______.
A. we shuld knw the technical details f devices B. we shuld reflect n ur usage patterns and mtivatins C. we shuld use devices nly when necessary D. we shuld limit usage t ne hur per day
Passage 2
The ancient city f Pingya, which is lcated in Shanxi Prvince, is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site. 49. It is ne f the best-preserved ancient cities in China, with its riginal layut and architecture largely intact. Visitrs can walk alng the ld city walls and explre traditinal curtyards. 50. What makes Pingya unique is that it ffers a glimpse int Chinese cmmercial and banking histry frm the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many f the buildings have been cnverted int museums, 51. where visitrs can learn abut the rise f Shanxi merchants and the develpment f early Chinese banks.
49. The sentence means Pingya ______.
A. has been cmpletely rebuilt B. has kept its riginal frm well C. is a mdern city with ancient walls D. has many new buildings
50. The unique aspect f Pingya is that ______.
A. it was a cmmercial center in ancient times B. it shws the histry f Chinese cmmerce and banking C. it has many museums D. it is lcated in Shanxi
51. The underlined part suggests that visitrs ______.
A. can nly see the buildings frm utside B. can learn abut histry inside the museums C. can buy things frm the merchants D. can pen bank accunts
Passage 3
Climate change is ne f the mst pressing issues f ur time. 52. The fact that glbal temperatures have risen by 1.2°C since pre-industrial times is alarming. Scientists warn that if we fail t reduce carbn emissins, the cnsequences culd be catastrphic. 53. Hwever, what gives us hpe is the grwing glbal mvement tward renewable energy and sustainable practices. Many cuntries have pledged t achieve carbn neutrality by mid-century. 54. It is believed that with cllective effrt, we can still limit warming t 1.5°C and avid the wrst impacts.
52. The underlined sentence expresses ______.
A. cncern abut the temperature rise B. jy abut the temperature rise C. indifference t climate change D. dubt abut the data
53. The surce f hpe mentined is ______.
A. the rise in temperature B. the glbal mvement fr renewables and sustainability C. the failure t reduce emissins D. the catastrphic cnsequences
54. The sentence means that ______.
A. we can definitely limit warming t 1.5°C B. cllective effrt might enable us t limit warming t 1.5°C C. it is t late t avid the wrst impacts D. nly gvernments can slve the prblem
Passage 4
The Great Wall f China, which stretches ver 13,000 miles, is ne f the mst icnic structures in the wrld. 55. Originally built as a defense system against invasins, it nw serves as a symbl f Chinese civilizatin and attracts millins f turists annually. 56. What many visitrs dn't realize is that the wall is nt a single cntinuus wall but a series f frtificatins built by different dynasties. Sme sectins are well-preserved, while thers have fallen int ruin. 57. The fact that it has std fr centuries is a testament t the ingenuity and determinatin f the ancient Chinese peple.
55. The sentence indicates that the wall's functin has ______.
A. remained the same B. changed frm military t cultural C. becme less imprtant D. been frgtten
56. Many visitrs dn't knw that ______.
A. the wall is a single cntinuus structure B. the wall cnsists f multiple parts built in different perids C. the wall is nly 13,000 miles lng D. the wall has n sectins
57. The underlined part emphasizes ______.
A. the wall's age B. the wall's beauty C. the wisdm and persistence f ancient builders D. the wall's ppularity
Passage 5
Eln Musk, the CEO f SpaceX and Tesla, is knwn fr his ambitius visin f the future. 58. His gal f clnizing Mars, which many cnsider unrealistic, has sparked bth excitement and skepticism. 59. Hwever, his supprters argue that thrughut histry, many ideas that seemed impssible eventually became reality. 60. Whether r nt Musk's Mars prject succeeds, it has already inspired a new generatin f space enthusiasts and accelerated innvatin in aerspace technlgy.
58. The underlined part suggests that Musk's Mars gal ______.
A. is widely accepted B. causes mixed reactins C. is cmpletely ignred D. has been achieved
59. Supprters believe that ______.
A. impssible ideas never becme reality B. histry shws that seemingly impssible ideas can cme true C. Musk's idea is definitely impssible D. nly realistic ideas matter
60. The sentence means that regardless f the utcme, Musk's prject ______.
A. has had a psitive impact n space interest and technlgy B. has failed t inspire anyne C. will definitely succeed D. has slwed dwn innvatin
参考答案及解析
一、划出句子主干（答案略，教师可参考解析）
1. The man is my uncle. (wh引导定语从句，wearing分词作定语)
2. What we need is a gd rest. (主语从句，as yu can imagine插入语)
3. The fact made his parents very sad. (that同位语从句，which非限制性定语从句)
4. I will never frget the day. (when引导定语从句)
5. The reasn was that his car brke dwn. (why定语从句，as he explained插入语)
6. the children insisted n playing utside. (Althugh状语从句)
7. The bk is very interesting. (which定语从句)
8. My mther tld me that... (宾语从句，主谓宾已含)
9. The questin remains t be discussed. (whether同位语从句)
10. we were tld that... (When状语从句，主句we were tld...)
11. The news spread quickly thrugh the campus. (that同位语从句)
12. He is the nly persn. (wh定语从句)
13. I will supprt yu uncnditinally. (Whatever状语从句)
14. yur English will becme better. (The better...结构)
15. It is reprted that... (it形式主语，that主语从句)
16. I have n idea. (where和when引导同位语从句)
17. The teacher suggested that... (宾语从句，which定语从句)
18. he finished his hmewrk n time, he helped his sister. (Nt nly倒装，but als并列)
19. The man is a famus actr. (whm定语从句)
20. the accident happened. (强调句，去掉It 后句子完整)
二、判断从句类型
21. 主语从句 22. 同位语从句 23. 定语从句 24. 宾语从句 25. 主语从句 26. 状语从句 27. 定语从句 28. 表语从句 29. 主语从句 30. 定语从句 31. 定语从句 32. 状语从句 33. 定语从句 34. 状语从句 35. 同位语从句
三、选择正确译文
36. A 37. A 38. D (三个选项都正确，只是语序不同) 39. B 40. A 41. A (B和C也基本正确，但A最贴近原句结构) 42. D 43. D 44. D 45. D
四、篇章阅读长难句释义
46. B 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. A
教学使用建议： 建议学生先复习三步分析法，然后独立完成练习。对于主干提取题，可让学生口头说出主干；对于从句类型判断题，要能说出判断依据；翻译题鼓励多种表达。篇章阅读部分可结合上下文加深理解。
结构类型
示例
分析
主语从句+表语从句
What surprised me mst was that he had never been abrad.
What引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。
定语从句中嵌套宾语从句
The reprt which cnfirmed that the ecnmy was recvering was published yesterday.
which引导定语从句修饰reprt，that引导宾语从句作cnfirmed的宾语。
状语从句中嵌套定语从句
When I visited the factry where my father wrked, I felt prud.
when引导时间状语从句，where引导定语从句修饰factry。
同位语从句+定语从句
The news that ur team had wn, which was annunced n the radi, excited everyne.
that引导同位语从句解释news，which引导非限制性定语从句补充信息。
并列句+复合句
He said that he wuld cme, but he didn't tell me when he wuld arrive.
but连接并列句，前一个分句含宾语从句，后一个分句含宾语从句。