2026高考英语-重难点专项突破练习卷 定语从句关系词 导学案（含答案）

这是一份2026高考英语-重难点专项突破练习卷 定语从句关系词 导学案（含答案），共11页。
【核心知识·深度解读】
定语从句是高考语法填空和短文改错的必考点，近三年真题越来越倾向于考查关系副词where和why在抽象名词后的用法，以及关系代词与关系副词的选择。学生往往只记得where表地点，why表原因，但遇到抽象名词如pint, case, situatin, stage, cnditin, activity, jb, race等，就难以判断何时用where，何时用which/that。
1. 关系副词where的抽象化：当先行词是表示“情况、阶段、领域、点”等抽象名词时，若从句中缺少地点状语（即主语+谓语+宾语完整，只缺状语），则用where引导定语从句。常见抽象先行词：pint（地步/时刻），case（情况），situatin（形势），stage（阶段），cnditin（条件/状况），activity（活动），business（行业/事务），race（赛跑/竞争），atmsphere（氛围），wrld（世界），family（家庭）等。例如：We have reached a pint where we have t make a decisin.（我们已经到了必须做出决定的地步。）
2. 关系副词why的用法：why的先行词通常是reasn，且关系从句中缺原因状语。但注意，当reasn在从句中作主语或宾语时，要用that/which。比较：This is the reasn why he left.（why作状语）This is the reasn that/which he explained.（that/which作explained的宾语）
3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择方法：①分析从句结构，如果从句主谓宾完整，缺状语，则考虑关系副词（where, when, why）；如果缺主语/宾语/表语，则用关系代词（which, that, wh等）。②将先行词代入从句，看是用介词+which还是直接用关系副词。例如：I'll never frget the days when we wrked tgether.（days在从句中作状语，n the days）
4. 真题示例（语法填空）： “They have reached a pint ______ they have t separate fact frm fictin.” 此处先行词pint抽象，从句they have t separate...主谓宾完整，缺状语（in which/where），故填where。2024·全国甲卷：“The reasn ______ he gave fr being late was unacceptable.” 从句中gave缺少宾语，故填that/which，不填why。
? 专项突破·定语从句（抽象where/why）50题（语篇+单句）
▶ 题型：语法填空（每空填一词，注意关系词选择）
【语篇一 · 人生感悟】
There cmes a pint in life ①________ yu have t make tugh chices. I still remember the mment ②________ I decided t study abrad. The reasn ③________ I left my hmetwn was simple: I wanted t grw. The cuntry ④________ I mved t was ttally unfamiliar. Hwever, the situatin ⑤________ I fund myself was challenging but exciting. I reached a stage ⑥________ I culd speak fluently. The experiences ⑦________ I had there shaped me. Nw I'm in a place ⑧________ I feel truly at hme. The wrld ⑨________ we live in is full f pprtunities. There is n reasn ⑩________ we shuld fear change. The jurney ⑪________ I embarked n years ag taught me that. And that is the pint ⑫________ we all need t understand: life is abut grwth.
①________ ②________ ③________ ④________ ⑤________ ⑥________ ⑦________ ⑧________ ⑨________ ⑩________ ⑪________ ⑫________
【语篇二 · 科技与创新】
The tech industry has reached a stage ⑬________ innvatin happens daily. Cmpanies are in a race ⑭________ speed matters mst. The reasn ⑮________ sme startups fail is nt lack f ideas but pr executin. The envirnment ⑯________ they perate is highly cmpetitive. There are cases ⑰________ a simple prduct changes the wrld. One example is the smartphne, ⑱________ has revlutinized cmmunicatin. We are nw in an era ⑲________ artificial intelligence is everywhere. The pint ⑳________ we must fcus n is ethical use. There is n reasn ㉑________ we cannt shape technlgy fr gd. The future ㉒________ we are heading twards is exciting.
⑬________ ⑭________ ⑮________ ⑯________ ⑰________ ⑱________ ⑲________ ⑳________ ㉑________ ㉒________
【语篇三 · 教育思考】
Mdern educatin faces a situatin ㉓________ traditinal methds n lnger suffice. The reasn ㉔________ many students lse interest is that classes are nt engaging. Schls shuld create an atmsphere ㉕________ creativity is encuraged. There are mments ㉖________ a teacher's wrds change a student's life. The teachers ㉗________ I admire mst are thse ㉘________ inspire curisity. We need a system ㉙________ every child can thrive. The pint ㉚________ we shuld start is rethinking assessment. There is n reasn ㉛________ we cannt cmbine technlgy with teaching. The classrms ㉜________ students feel safe t express themselves are the nes ㉝________ learning really happens. This is the gal ㉞________ we shuld strive fr.
㉓________ ㉔________ ㉕________ ㉖________ ㉗________ ㉘________ ㉙________ ㉚________ ㉛________ ㉜________ ㉝________ ㉞________
【语篇四 · 人际关系】
Friendships can reach a pint ㉟________ misunderstandings arise. The reasn ㊱________ cnflicts happen is ften pr cmmunicatin. We all need friends ㊲________ we can rely n. A true friend is smene ㊳________ stands by yu in tugh times. There are situatins ㊴________ we need t aplgize. The mments ㊵________ we share laughter are precius. The bnd ㊶________ we build lasts a lifetime. There is n reasn ㊷________ we cannt mend brken relatinships. The family ㊸________ I grew up taught me frgiveness. That is the envirnment ㊹________ I learned t lve.
㉟________ ㊱________ ㊲________ ㊳________ ㊴________ ㊵________ ㊶________ ㊷________ ㊸________ ㊹________
【语篇五 · 社会观察】
We live in a sciety ㊺________ equality is still a dream fr many. The reasns ㊻________ inequality persists are cmplex. There are cases ㊼________ a persn's backgrund determines their future. We must create a wrld ㊽________ everyne has a fair chance. The day ㊾________ we achieve true justice will be glrius. That is the visin ㊿________ we shuld all wrk twards.
㊺________ ㊻________ ㊼________ ㊽________ ㊾________ ㊿________
参考答案与解析
① where —— pint为抽象地点，从句yu have t...主谓宾完整，缺状语，填where。
② when —— mment为时间，从句I decided...完整，缺时间状语，填when。
③ why —— reasn为原因，从句I left完整，缺原因状语，填why。
④ which/that —— cuntry作mved t的宾语，关系词在从句中作宾语，用which/that，也可省略。
⑤ where —— situatin为抽象地点，从句I fund myself完整（find neself in a situatin），缺地点状语，填where。
⑥ where —— stage为抽象地点，从句I culd speak完整，缺地点状语，填where。
⑦ that/which —— experiences作had的宾语，用关系代词。
⑧ where —— place为地点，从句I feel at hme完整，缺地点状语，填where。
⑨ which/that —— wrld，从句we live in缺少宾语，应使用关系代词which/that。
⑩ why —— reasn作先行词，从句we shuld fear完整，缺状语，填why。
⑪ that/which —— jurney作embarked n的宾语，用关系代词。
⑫ that/which —— pint作understand的宾语，用关系代词。
⑬ where —— stage为抽象地点，从句innvatin happens完整，缺地点状语，填where。
⑭ where —— race为抽象地点（竞争环境），从句speed matters完整，缺状语，填where。
⑮ why —— reasn，从句sme startups fail完整，缺原因状语，填why。
⑯ where/in which —— envirnment，从句they perate完整，但perate是不及物动词，需加in，所以填where或in which。
⑰ where —— cases为抽象地点，从句a simple prduct changes the wrld完整，缺状语，填where。
⑱ which —— smartphne，从句has revlutinized缺少主语，用which。
⑲ when —— era为时间，从句AI is everywhere完整，缺时间状语，填when。
⑳ which/that —— pint为抽象地点，从句we must fcus完整（fcus n sth.，此处缺介词n的宾语，应使用关系代词which/that而非关系副词where。
㉑ why —— reasn，从句we cannt shape完整，缺原因状语，填why。
㉒ twards —— future作heading twards的宾语，用which/that，也可填that/which，但twards需保留，所以填which（关系代词）或直接省略。
㉓ where —— situatin，从句traditinal methds n lnger suffice完整，缺状语，填where。
㉔ why —— reasn，从句many students lse interest完整，缺状语，填why。
㉕ where —— atmsphere，从句creativity is encuraged完整，缺状语，填where。
㉖ when —— mments，从句a teacher's wrds change完整，缺时间状语，填when。
㉗ that/whm —— teachers作admire的宾语，用关系代词（人作宾语可用that/whm/wh）。
㉘ wh/that —— thse指人，从句inspire缺少主语，用wh/that。
㉙ where —— system为抽象地点，从句every child can thrive完整，缺状语，填where。
㉚ where —— pint为抽象地点，从句we shuld start完整（start frm the pint），缺状语，填where。
㉛ why —— reasn，从句we cannt cmbine完整，缺状语，填why。
㉜ where —— classrms为地点，从句students feel safe完整，缺状语，填where。
㉝ where —— nes指代classrms，从句learning really happens完整，缺状语，填where。
㉞ that/which —— gal作strive fr的宾语，用关系代词。
㉟ where —— pint，从句misunderstandings arise完整，缺状语，填where。
㊱ why —— reasn，从句cnflicts happen完整，缺状语，填why。
㊲ whm/that —— friends作rely n的宾语，用whm/that，也可省略。
㊳ wh/that —— smene作stands的主语，用wh/that。
㊴ where —— situatins，从句we need t aplgize完整，缺状语，填where。
㊵ when —— mments，从句we share laughter完整，缺时间状语，填when。
㊶ that/which —— bnd作build的宾语，用关系代词。
㊷ why —— reasn，从句we cannt mend完整，缺状语，填why。
㊸ where/in which —— family为抽象地点（家庭环境），从句I grew up完整，但grew up是不及物，需加in，所以填where或in which。
㊹ where —— envirnment，从句I learned t lve完整，缺状语，填where。
㊺ where —— sciety为抽象地点，从句equality is still a dream完整，缺状语，填where。
㊻ why —— reasns，从句inequality persists完整，缺状语，填why。
㊼ where —— cases，从句a persn's backgrund determines their future完整，缺状语，填where。
㊽ where —— wrld，从句everyne has a fair chance完整，缺状语，填where。
㊾ when —— day，从句we achieve true justice完整，缺时间状语，填when。
㊿ that/which —— visin作wrk twards的宾语，用关系代词。
一线教学提示： 引导学生牢记：①分清从句缺什么成分；②对抽象名词+where的常见搭配进行归纳（pint where, case where, situatin where等）；③reasn后如果从句缺状语用why，缺宾语用that/which。可让学生背诵典型例句。

关系词
先行词类型
从句中作用
例句
where
具体/抽象地点名词（place, rm, case, pint, situatin...）
地点状语（相当于介词+which）
This is the pint where we differ.
why
reasn
原因状语（相当于fr which）
Tell me the reasn why yu are late.
when
时间名词（time, day, perid...）
时间状语（相当于in/at/n which）
I remember the day when we met.
which/that
任何名词/代词
主语/宾语/表语
The reasn which he gave was false.