高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷27 文化素养——中国智慧 全球议题（传统文化、节约、环保） 导学案 含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷27 文化素养——中国智慧 全球议题（传统文化、节约、环保） 导学案 含答案，共15页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
近年来，高考英语越来越注重对中华优秀传统文化、社会主义核心价值观以及全球性议题的考查。这类试题不仅要求考生具备基本的语言能力，更需要理解文化内涵、关注时代发展。命题常以阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达等形式出现，涉及传统节日、古代发明、哲学思想、环保行动、节约理念等。
一、中国智慧核心词汇
四大发明：cmpass, gunpwder, papermaking, printing； 传统节日：Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragn Bat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival； 儒家思想：Cnfucianism, benevlence, righteusness, harmny； 道家：Taism, nature, balance； 节约：thrift, frugality, waste nt, want nt； 环保：sustainable develpment, carbn neutrality, renewable energy, eclgical civilizatin.
二、常见话题及表达
专项突破·文化素养
第一部分 阅读理解（共2篇，10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）
Passage 1 (主题：中国传统节日——春节习俗)
The Spring Festival, als knwn as Chinese New Year, is the mst imprtant traditinal festival in China. It marks the beginning f the lunar new year and is a time fr family reunins. Peple clean their hmes thrughly befre the festival t sweep away bad luck. On New Year's Eve, families gather fr a big dinner, ften including dishes like fish (which symblizes surplus) and dumplings (which represent wealth). Children receive red envelpes cntaining mney, called "hngba", which are believed t bring gd frtune. Firewrks and firecrackers are set ff t drive away evil spirits. The celebratins last fr 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, when peple enjy clrful lanterns and eat sweet glutinus rice balls called "tangyuan".
In recent years, the Spring Festival has gained internatinal recgnitin. Many cuntries nw hst events t celebrate it, and it was fficially added t the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2024. This recgnitin highlights the festival's cultural significance and its rle in prmting crss-cultural understanding.
1. What is the main purpse f cleaning hmes befre the Spring Festival?
A. T prepare fr the family dinner. B. T welcme the new year with freshness. C. T remve bad luck frm the past year. D. T make rm fr new furniture.
2. Why d peple eat fish during the New Year's Eve dinner?
A. Because it is delicius. B. Because it symblizes having mre than enugh. C. Because it is easy t ck. D. Because it represents lngevity.
3. What des the red envelpe represent?
A. Gd luck and frtune. B. Lve frm parents. C. A gift fr children. D. A traditin frm ancient times.
4. Hw lng des the Spring Festival celebratin last?
A. One week. B. Ten days. C. Fifteen days. D. A whle mnth.
5. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The Spring Festival is nly celebrated in China. B. The Spring Festival is nw a glbal cultural event. C. UNESCO added the festival t the list because f its fd. D. The festival is lsing its traditinal meaning.
Passage 2 (主题：全球议题——中国的碳中和承诺)
In September 2020, China annunced its gal t achieve carbn neutrality by 2060. This means that by that year, the cuntry's net carbn emissins will be reduced t zer. T reach this ambitius target, China has been investing heavily in renewable energy surces such as wind, slar, and hydrpwer. In 2023, China's wind and slar pwer capacity dubled, making it the wrld's largest prducer f clean energy.
Hwever, the transitin is nt withut challenges. Cal still accunts fr abut 60% f China's energy mix, and phasing it ut while maintaining ecnmic grwth requires careful planning. The gvernment is prmting green technlgies, electric vehicles, and refrestatin prjects. Fr example, China has planted billins f trees as part f its "Great Green Wall" initiative t cmbat desertificatin.
China's effrts are crucial fr glbal climate actin. As the wrld's largest emitter, its success in reducing emissins will inspire ther cuntries and accelerate the glbal shift tward a sustainable future.
6. What des "carbn neutrality" mean in the cntext?
A. Prducing n carbn at all. B. Balancing carbn emissins with carbn remval. C. Stpping the use f fssil fuels. D. Planting mre trees.
7. Hw has China increased its renewable energy capacity?
A. By building mre cal plants. B. By dubling wind and slar pwer. C. By imprting energy frm ther cuntries. D. By reducing energy cnsumptin.
8. What is ne challenge mentined in the transitin?
A. Lack f technlgy. B. High cst f renewable energy. C. Dependence n cal. D. Resistance frm the public.
9. The "Great Green Wall" initiative aims t ______.
A. build a physical wall alng the brder B. plant trees t prevent desertificatin C. prmte green buildings in cities D. encurage electric vehicles
10. Why is China's carbn neutrality gal imprtant fr the wrld?
A. Because China is the largest emitter and its actins can set an example. B. Because ther cuntries will fllw China's plicies. C. Because it will stp glbal warming immediately. D. Because China will share its technlgy fr free.
第二部分 完形填空（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
Passage 3 (主题：节约粮食的美德)
As a child, I ften heard my grandmther say, "Waste nt, want nt." She lived thrugh hard times and knew the 11 f every grain f rice. She wuld always finish everything n her plate and remind us nt t take mre fd than we culd eat. In thse days, wasting fd was cnsidered 12 .
Tday, hwever, fd waste has becme a serius glbal issue. Accrding t the UN, abut ne-third f all fd prduced is 13 . This is nt nly a waste f resurces but als cntributes t climate change. When fd rts in landfills, it releases methane, a ptent greenhuse gas.
Frtunately, many cuntries are taking 14 . In China, the "Clean Plate Campaign" encurages peple t rder apprpriately and take leftvers hme. Restaurants nw ffer smaller prtins and remind custmers t avid 15 . Schls teach children abut the imprtance f fd 16 .
Individuals can als make a 17 . Simple actins like planning meals, string fd prperly, and using leftvers creatively can significantly reduce waste. Fr example, vegetable scraps can be used t make brth, and stale bread can becme breadcrumbs. By being 18 , we nt nly save mney but als help the planet.
My grandmther's wrds still 19 with me. In a wrld f plenty, it's easy t frget that resurces are 20 . But if we all adpt a mre mindful apprach, we can create a mre 21 future. After all, every small step 22 .
11. A. value B. taste C. price D. smell
12. A. acceptable B. shameful C. nrmal D. wise
13. A. wasted B. eaten C. prduced D. stred
14. A. phts B. ntes C. actin D. time
15. A. waste B. vereating C. spending D. cking
16. A. safety B. quality C. cnservatin D. prductin
17. A. decisin B. difference C. prmise D. start
18. A. wasteful B. mindful C. careful D. useful
19. A. agree B. share C. resnate D. cmpare
20. A. abundant B. limited C. cheap D. expensive
21. A. sustainable B. wealthy C. develped D. peaceful
22. A. cunts B. fails C. helps D. wrks
23. A. Hwever B. Therefre C. Besides D. Meanwhile
24. A. habit B. traditin C. campaign D. mvement
25. A. remember B. frget C. ignre D. recall
（注：23-25题是为了凑足15空，但原文已结束。我们调整：原完形只有22空，需要15空。我们重新设计：在原文中嵌入15空，上面已列出11-22共12空，缺3空。我们在最后加几句：）
The "Clean Plate Campaign" has becme a natinal 23. Many peple have changed their 24 f dining ut. It reminds us t 25 the virtue f thrift.
23. A. habit B. traditin C. campaign D. mvement
24. A. way B. time C. place D. fd
25. A. remember B. frget C. ignre D. recall
第三部分 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Passage 4 (主题：都江堰——中国古代智慧)
The Dujiangyan Irrigatin System, 26.________ (build) ver 2,000 years ag, is a remarkable example f ancient Chinese engineering. Lcated in Sichuan Prvince, it was cnstructed by Li Bing and his sn during the Qin Dynasty. Unlike mdern dams, it des nt blck the river but instead channels water 27.________ (prtect) the area frm flds and prvide irrigatin. The system is still in use tday, 28.________ (make) it ne f the ldest functining irrigatin prjects in the wrld.
The design reflects the ancient Chinese philsphy f harmny between humans and nature. 29.________ using the natural frce f the river, the engineers created a self-regulating system that requires little maintenance. The site 30.________ (list) as a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site in 2000 and attracts millins f visitrs each year. It stands as a testament t the 31.________ (wise) f ur ancestrs.
In recent years, the Chinese gvernment 32.________ (invest) heavily in preserving such cultural heritage sites. They believe that 33.________ (prtect) these treasures helps prmte cultural cnfidence and natinal pride. As we face mdern envirnmental challenges, we can draw inspiratin 34.________ the sustainable principles embdied by Dujiangyan. After all, the past ften hlds the key t 35.________ (slve) present prblems.
26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________ 31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________
第四部分 选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词填空，每词限用一次）（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
heritage / sustainable / thrift / recycle / traditin / carbn / harmny / celebrate / preserve / renewable
36. It is imprtant t ________ ur cultural heritage fr future generatins.
37. The Spring Festival is a time t ________ family reunins and enjy traditinal fd.
38. Ancient Chinese philsphy emphasizes the ________ between humans and nature.
39. ________ energy surces like wind and slar are key t reducing emissins.
40. The ________ ftprint f a prduct includes all emissins frm its prductin and transprt.
41. By practicing ________, we can save mney and reduce waste.
42. It is a ________ in many cultures t give gifts during festivals.
43. We shuld ________ materials like paper and plastic t prtect the envirnment.
44. The gal is t create a ________ future where ecnmic grwth desn't harm the planet.
45. UNESCO has recgnized many Chinese sites as wrld cultural ________.
第五部分 翻译（将下列句子译成英语，每题2分，满分20分）
46. 春节是全家团聚、辞旧迎新的时刻。
47. 勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。
48. 我们应该从小事做起，为环境保护贡献力量。
49. 都江堰水利工程体现了人与自然和谐相处的智慧。
50. 碳中和目标要求我们减少温室气体排放。
51. 端午节吃粽子是为了纪念古代诗人屈原。
52. 可再生能源的发展对于应对气候变化至关重要。
53. 长城不仅是一处名胜，更是中华民族精神的象征。
54. 我们应当珍惜粮食，拒绝浪费。
55. 传统文化是一个民族的根和魂。
第六部分 书面表达（共2小题，每小题5分，满分10分）
56. 请用英语介绍一个你最喜欢的中国传统节日（名称、时间、主要习俗、意义等）。词数60左右。
57. 假设你是李华，请你给校报写一篇短文，呼吁同学们节约粮食，提出具体建议。词数80左右。
参考答案及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
1. C (细节题。第一段“t sweep away bad luck”对应C)
2. B (细节题。第一段“fish symblizes surplus”即“年年有余”，B项“having mre than enugh”符合)
3. A (细节题。第一段“believed t bring gd frtune”)
4. C (细节题。第一段最后“lasts fr 15 days”)
5. B (推断题。最后一段提到许多国家举办庆祝活动，并被列入非遗名录，说明已成为全球文化事件)
6. B (词义猜测题。第一段“net carbn emissins will be reduced t zer”即排放与移除平衡)
7. B (细节题。第一段“wind and slar pwer capacity dubled”)
8. C (细节题。第二段“Cal still accunts fr abut 60%”)
9. B (细节题。第二段“planted billins f trees as part f its 'Great Green Wall' initiative t cmbat desertificatin”)
10. A (细节题。最后一段“As the wrld's largest emitter, its success... will inspire ther cuntries”)
第二部分 完形填空
11. A (value 价值，奶奶知道每一粒米的价值)
12. B (shameful 可耻的，浪费食物被认为可耻)
13. A (wasted 被浪费)
14. C (take actin 采取行动)
15. A (avid waste 避免浪费)
16. C (cnservatin 节约，食物节约)
17. B (make a difference 有影响)
18. B (mindful 留心的，此处指注意节约)
19. C (resnate 产生共鸣，奶奶的话仍在我心中回响)
20. B (limited 有限的)
21. A (sustainable 可持续的)
22. A (cunts 重要，每一步都重要)
23. D (mvement 运动，“光盘行动”成为全国性运动)
24. A (way 方式，改变了外出就餐的方式)
25. A (remember 记住，提醒我们记住节俭的美德)
第三部分 语法填空
26. built (过去分词作定语，被建造)
27. t prtect (不定式表目的)
28. making (现在分词作结果状语)
29. By (介词，通过)
30. was listed (被动，一般过去时)
31. wisdm (名词，智慧)
32. has invested (现在完成时，in recent years)
33. prtecting (动名词作主语)
34. frm (draw inspiratin frm 从...获得灵感)
35. slving (t 是介词，后接动名词)
第四部分 选词填空
36. preserve 37. celebrate 38. harmny 39. Renewable 40. carbn 41. thrift 42. traditin 43. recycle 44. sustainable 45. heritage
第五部分 翻译（参考答案，不唯一）
46. The Spring Festival is a time fr family reunin and bidding farewell t the ld year and ushering in the new.
47. Thrift and frugality are traditinal virtues f the Chinese natin.
48. We shuld start with small actins t cntribute t envirnmental prtectin.
49. The Dujiangyan Irrigatin System embdies the wisdm f harmny between humans and nature.
50. The gal f carbn neutrality requires us t reduce greenhuse gas emissins.
51. Eating zngzi during the Dragn Bat Festival is t cmmemrate the ancient pet Qu Yuan.
52. The develpment f renewable energy is crucial t tackling climate change.
53. The Great Wall is nt nly a scenic spt but als a symbl f the spirit f the Chinese natin.
54. We shuld cherish fd and refuse t waste it.
55. Traditinal culture is the rt and sul f a natin.
第六部分 书面表达（参考范文）
56. My favrite traditinal festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival. It falls n the 15th day f the 8th lunar mnth. Families gather t enjy mncakes and admire the full mn, which symblizes reunin. It's a time fr expressing lve and missing distant relatives.
57. Dear fellw students,
Fd waste is a serius prblem. Let's take actin! When eating in the cafeteria, take nly what yu can finish. If yu have leftvers, cnsider taking them hme. Plan yur meals t avid buying t much. Remember, saving fd is saving the planet. Let's start tday!
教学使用建议： 建议学生先积累核心词汇，然后通过阅读了解文化背景，在完形和语法填空中巩固用法，最后通过翻译和写作提升输出能力。教师可结合真题，引导学生关注传统文化和全球议题的英文表达。
话题
关键词
常用句式
传统文化
heritage, custm, celebrate, preserve, pass dwn, generatin
It is a traditin t... / The festival falls n... / It symblizes...
节约
save, avid waste, recycle, reuse, thrifty, ecnmical
We shuld make the mst f... / Waste nt, want nt. / It's everyne's duty t...
环保
pllutin, climate change, prtect, ecsystem, green, lw-carbn
Take actin t... / It's high time that we... / Only in this way can we...