【英语】陕西省榆林市某中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试试题（学生版+解析版）

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第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
Here are fur student pdcasts (播客) that ffer a glimpse int the minds f students and what they say abut news cncerning climate in their cmmunities — and what they hpe t d abut it.
Behind the Scenes f the Msquit Fire
In a 10-episde series, a sixth-grade class at the Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin in Gergetwn, Calif., shares stries frm the damaging Msquit Fire in 2022. This grup f eight students asks tw firefighters frm the Gergetwn Fire Department what it’s like t fight fires and prtect lved nes in their hmetwn.
Fires: Set Ablaze
At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashn fifth-graders talk abut the far-reaching and lasting impact f wildfires and wildfire smke — and the direct effects n their lives, like waiting fr the schl bus n a smky day. The students als interview experts and share their research n wildfire precautins (预防措施).
Flwing Thrugh Time
In this pdcast frm Peak Academy, a grup f eight middle schlers reprts n dealing with water shrtages in Bzeman, Mntana. They trace the histry f their grwing hmetwn’s water supply, which has been dependent n muntain snwmelt. As that surce becmes less reliable in a warming wrld, the students turn t the grwn-ups t ask what they can d t cnserve water.
Washed Away
The deadly flding in eastern Kentucky last year frever changed the lives f high schlers Ryley Bwman, Carlina Jhnsn and Hunter Nble. The three classmates at Mrgan Cunty High Schl in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accunts f their wn and their family’s experiences during the flds.
1. Wh shws interest in firefighters’ stries?
A. Peak Academy students.B. Chautauqua Elementary students.
C. Mrgan Cunty High Schl students.D. Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin students.
2. Which pdcast shws cncern fr water cnservatin?
A. Washed Away.B. Fires: Set Ablaze.
C. Flwing Thrugh Time.D. Behind the Scenes f the Msquit Fire.
3. What d Fires: Set Ablaze and Washed Away have in cmmn?
A. They cnsult experts’ research results.
B. They explre the causes f climate change.
C. They share students’ persnal experiences.
D. They discuss precautins fr natural disasters.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个学生播客，他们关注自己社区的气候新闻，并分享他们的观点和希望采取的行动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a 10-episde series, a sixth-grade class at the Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin in Gergetwn, Calif. , shares stries frm the damaging Msquit Fire in 2022. This grup f eight students asks tw firefighters frm the Gergetwn Fire Department what it’s like t fight fires and prtect lved nes in their hmetwn.”（在一个10集的系列节目中，加州乔治城乔治敦创新学院的一个六年级班级分享了2022年破坏性的蚊子大火的故事。这组8名学生向来自乔治城消防局的两名消防员询问在家乡救火和保护亲人是什么感觉）可知，Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin的学生对消防员的故事感兴趣。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Flwing Thrugh Time下“In this pdcast frm Peak Academy, a grup f eight middle schlers reprts n dealing with water shrtages in Bzeman, Mntana. They trace the histry f their grwing hmetwn’s water supply, which has been dependent n muntain snwmelt. As that surce becmes less reliable in a warming wrld, the students turn t the grwn-ups t ask what they can d t cnserve water.”（在这个来自Peak Academy的播客中，八个中学生报道了他们如何应对蒙大拿州博兹曼的水资源短缺。他们追溯了他们不断发展的家乡的供水历史，这个供水源依赖于山上的雪水融化。随着这个水源在全球变暖的世界中变得不可靠，学生们转向成年人，询问他们可以做些什么来节约水资源。）可知，Flwing Thrugh Time的播客关注水资源保护。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashn fifth-graders talk abut the far-reaching and lasting impact f wildfires and wildfire smke — and the direct effects n their lives, like waiting fr the schl bus n a smky day. The students als interview experts and share their research n wildfire precautins (预防措施).”（在肖托夸小学，瓦松小学的五年级学生谈论野火和野火烟雾的深远而持久的影响，以及对他们生活的直接影响，如在烟雾弥漫的日子里等校车。学生们还采访了专家，分享了他们对野火预防措施的研究）和第五段“The deadly flding in eastern Kentucky last year frever changed the lives f high schlers Ryley Bwman, Carlina Jhnsn and Hunter Nble. The three classmates at Mrgan Cunty High Schl in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accunts f their wn and their family’s experiences during the flds.”（去年发生在肯塔基州东部的致命洪水永远地改变了高中生赖利·鲍曼、卡罗莱纳·约翰逊和亨特·诺布尔的生活。肯塔基州西自由市摩根县高中的三名同学分享了他们自己和家人在洪水中的亲身经历）可知，Fires: Set Ablaze和Washed Away共同之处是他们分享学生的个人经历。故选C。
B
“I’ve never picked the jbs I’ve dne in my life,” says Mark Sadler, wh spent 20 years wrking at the Lndn undergrund. But when he retired, he became a lifeguard.
Three years ag, Sadler was giving bld when he felt chest pain. He says, “The dctr asked: ‘D yu drink?’ Yeah, prbably t much. ‘D yu smke?’ Yes. They culd see by my size that I ate t much.” Then Sadler stpped smking and drinking.
“I’ve always had t earn as much as I can t prvide fr my family,” Sadler says. At the undergrund, he lked after the engineering fleet (工程车队). He wrked 10-t 12-hur days, and ften returned t visit the tunnels at night. “If I gt the call at 1, I’d be n the g at1: 15.”
He regards his wife and tw daughters as “always the mst imprtant thing in my life”, but while he wrked, “they were wrapped in clingfilm (保鲜膜)”. He means he culd see them, but they were in a separate wrld. That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an ffer. “I tld them: ‘If yu have a child, I will becme a full-time grandparent.’” Fr the past cuple f years, he has cmbined caring fr his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shwn “hw much I missed” as a father.
Nw he is part f a cmmunity. “In my ld jb, I used t say t everyne: ‘Every day yu’re learning.’ I feel that even mre nw that I’ve gt t 60. I’m ding smething that I chse. I can balance my jb with my wife and family. It is everything I want.”
4. What made Sadler change his lifestyle?
A. A health prblem.B. Pursuit f an ideal jb.
C. An accident at the undergrund.D. Financial pressures frm his family.
5. What was Sadler’s experience like while wrking at the undergrund?
A. It ffered him flexibility.B. It was physically dangerus.
C. It was assciated with stress.D. It allwed him t travel the wrld.
6. Why did Sadler decide t becme a full-time grandparent?
A. T escape jb-related burnut.B. T enjy his retirement.
C. T challenge himself.D. T fcus n family.
7. Hw des Sadler feel abut his career shift?
A. Regretful.B. Nervus.C. Relieved.D. Satisfied.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马克•萨德勒在伦敦地铁工作了20年，当他退休后，他成为了一名救生员。讲述了他的个人经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Three years ag, Sadler was giving bld when he felt chest pain. He says, “The dctr asked: ‘D yu drink?’ Yeah, prbably t much. ‘D yu smke?’ Yes. They culd see by my size that I ate t much. ” Then Sadler stpped smking and drinking.(三年前，萨德勒在献血时感到胸痛。他说：“医生问我：‘你喝酒吗？“是的，可能太多了。‘你抽烟吗？’是的。他们可以从我的身材看出我吃得太多了。”后来，萨德勒停止了吸烟和饮酒)”可知，健康问题让萨德勒改变了他的生活方式。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“He wrked 10-t 12-hur days, and ften returned t visit the tunnels at night. “If I gt the call at 1, I’d be n the g at1: 15.”(他每天工作10到12个小时，并经常在晚上回到隧道。“如果我在1点接到电话，我就会在1点15分开始工作。”)”可知，萨德勒在地铁的工作是有压力的。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an ffer. “I tld them: ‘If yu have a child, I will becme a full-time grandparent.’” Fr the past cuple f years, he has cmbined caring fr his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shwn “hw much I missed” as a father.(这就是为什么萨德勒给当时已经成年的女儿们提议。“我告诉他们：‘如果你们有孩子，我就当全职爷爷。’”在过去的几年里，他把照顾孙女和救生员结合得很好。他说，当上了祖父母，让我看到了自己当父亲时“错过了很多”)”可知，萨德勒决定成为一名全职祖父母是为了关注家庭。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I feel that even mre nw that I’ve gt t 60. I’m ding smething that I chse. I can balance my jb with my wife and family. It is everything I want.(现在我已经60岁了，这种感觉更加强烈。我在做我选择的事情。我可以平衡我的工作与我的妻子和家庭。这是我想要的一切)”可知，萨德勒对自己的职业转变感到满意。故选D。
C
The rbts are cming! In science fictin that is usually a terrible warning. Even if we knw rbts are nt literally the murderus machines f films in which the inventr lses cntrl f his creatin, they can inspire fear. In the real wrld, they are able t kill ff well-paid jbs in factries and warehuses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in rbtics will bring real and fundamental benefits.
New “multimdal” AI mdels cmbine understanding f language and visin with data. This makes it pssible t deal with rbts using rdinary wrds. Yu can ask a rbt what it is able t see r tell it t “pick up the yellw fruit”. Such mdels in effect allw rbts a degree f cmmn sense — in this case, knwing that a nearby banana is a kind f yellw fruit. Yu can tell a rbt t adjust its behaviur simply by changing an instructin, smething that wuld previusly have required cmplicated reprgramming.
The new mdels enable rbts t explain the reasning behind their actins. That is useful when they behave in unexpected r unwelcme ways. S lng as rbts’ brains are nt cnfusing black bxes, prgramming and debugging (排错) them is fairly straightfrward. The new mdels are als less likely t make things up, as the way they perceive things is rted in bservatins f the wrld, and they aim t ensure that cgnitive and physical reality match.
Labur markets acrss the rich wrld are tight — and getting tighter as scieties age. Advanced ecnmies will need mre autmatin if they are t maintain their standards f living as they are aging rapidly. Withut rbts t help ut, mre peple may have t wrk lnger and retire later. In the cming years, attitudes culd well change frm fearing the arrival f rbts t wishing that they wuld get here sner.
8. Why are peple cncerned abut rbts?
A. They can raise unemplyment rates.B. They are replacing lw-paid labr.
C. They might becme killers.D. They are hard t cntrl.
9. What is the strength f new “multimdal” AI mdels?
A. Interacting with ther rbts.B. Replacing human wrkers cmpletely.
C. Being free frm reprgramming.D. Cmprehending spken cmmands.
10. What causes the new mdels t be mre reliable?
A. Their lgic reasning.B. Their debugging ability.
C. Their reality-based perceptin.D. Their detailed bservatin.
11. What des the authr think f rbts in an aging sciety?
A. They benefit the elderly mst.B. They cntribute t scial harmny.
C. They speed technlgical innvatin.D. They sustain labr prductivity.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在科幻小说中，机器人来了通常是一个可怕的警告。然而，在现实生活中，机器人虽然可能使工厂和仓库中的高薪工作消失，但机器人技术的最新进展将给社会带来真实而重大的益处。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Even if we knw rbts are nt literally the murderus machines f films in which the inventr lses cntrl f his creatin, they can inspire fear. In the real wrld, they are able t kill ff well-paid jbs in factries and warehuses. (即使我们知道，机器人并不是电影中发明者失去控制的杀人机器，它们也会引发恐惧。在现实世界中，他们能够扼杀工厂和仓库中的高薪工作)” 可知，人们担心机器人的原因是它们会使越来越多的高薪工作消失，导致失业率上升。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“This makes it pssible t deal with rbts using rdinary wrds. Yu can ask a rbt what it is able t see r tell it t “pick up the yellw fruit”. Such mdels in effect allw rbts a degree f cmmn sense — in this case, knwing that a nearby banana is a kind f yellw fruit. Yu can tell a rbt t adjust its behaviur simply by changing an instructin, smething that wuld previusly have required cmplicated reprgramming.(这使得使用普通单词处理机器人成为可能。你可以问机器人它能看到什么，或者告诉它“捡起黄色的水果”。这样的模型实际上让机器人有了一定程度的常识——在这种情况下，机器人知道附近的香蕉是一种黄色的水果。你可以告诉机器人通过改变指令来调整其行为，这在以前需要复杂的重新编程)”可知，多模态AI模型的优势在于它们使机器人能够理解口头命令。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The new mdels are als less likely t make things up, as the way they perceive things is rted in bservatins f the wrld, and they aim t ensure that cgnitive and physical reality match.(新模型也不太可能编造事实，因为它们感知事物的方式是建立在对世界的观察基础上的，它们的目标是确保认知和物理现实相匹配)” 可推知，新模型感知事物的方式是基于对世界的观察的，所以不太可能编造东西，会更可靠。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Advanced ecnmies will need mre autmatin if they are t maintain their standards f living as they are aging rapidly. Withut rbts t help ut, mre peple may have t wrk lnger and retire later.(发达经济体正在迅速老龄化，如果要维持其生活水平，就需要更多的自动化。如果没有机器人的帮助，更多的人可能不得不延长工作时间，推迟退休)”可推知，作者认为在老龄化社会中，机器人有助于维持劳动生产力。故选D。
D
It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. That is, inventins suppsedly arise when a sciety has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventins d fit in this categry. Fr example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cttn gins (轧棉机) t replace labrius hand cleaning f cttn grwn in the U. S. Suth.
Such familiar examples fl us int assuming that ther majr inventins were als respnses t perceived needs. In fact, mst inventins were develped by peple driven by curisity r by a lve f tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventr then had t find an applicatin fr it. Only after it had been in use fr a cnsiderable time did cnsumers cme t feel that they “needed” it. Thus, inventin is ften the mther f necessity, rather than vice versa.
A gd example is the histry f the mtr vehicle which was nt invented in respnse t any demand. When Niklaus Ott built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when hrse wagns and steam-pwered railrads dminated transprtatin. Public cntentment with these tw means remained high until Wrld War I when the armies cncluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made thse vehicles a substitute fr hrse-drawn wagns in industrialized cuntries.
Inventrs ften have t insist n their tinkering fr a lng time in the absence f public demand, because early mdels perfrm t prly t be useful. Fr instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and televisin sets were as awful as Ott’s seven-ft-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult fr an inventr t fresee whether his r her awful prttype might eventually find a use and thus invest mre time and expense t develp it. Even inventins that meet the need fr which they were initially designed may later prve mre valuable at meeting unfreseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine t pump water frm mines, it sn was supplying pwer t cttn mills, then (with much greater prfit) driving trains and bats.
12. Why is Eli Whitney mentined by the writer in the first paragraph?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T deny a statement.
C. T clarify a dubt.D. T illustrate a view.
13. What led t the wide use f mtr vehicles accrding t the text?
A. The imprvement f engine perfrmance.B. The end f Wrld War I.
C. The need f the military during war time.D. The decline f hrse-drawn wagns.
14. What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t in the last paragraph?
A. Absence f public demand.B. Bad perfrmance f early mdels.
C. A lack f time and expense.D. Awful lks f previus inventins.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Scial Need: the Inner Drive fr Inventin
B. Great Inventin: the Frce f Sciety’s Prgress
C. Beynd Necessity: the Curius Pursuit f Inventin
D. General Applicatin: the Final Purpse f Inventin
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. That is, inventins suppsedly arise when a sciety has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventins d fit in this categry. Fr example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cttn gins (轧棉机) t replace labrius hand cleaning f cttn grwn in the U. S. Suth. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年，Eli Whitney发明了轧棉机，以取代美国南部种植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public cntentment with these tw means remained high until Wrld War I when the armies cncluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made thse vehicles a substitute fr hrse-drawn wagns in industrialized cuntries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventrs ften have t persist at their tinkering fr a lng time in the absence f public demand, because early mdels perfrm t prly t be useful. Fr instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and televisin sets were as awful as Ott’s seven-ft-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult fr an inventr t fresee whether his r her awful prttype might eventually find a use and thus invest mre time and expense t develp it.(在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理, 因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与 Ott的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”)”以及第二段中 “Thus, inventin is ften the mther f necessity, rather than vice versa.(因此，发明往往是必要性之母, 而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Even inventins that meet the need fr which they were initially designed may later prve mre valuable at meeting unfreseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine t pump water frm mines, it sn was supplying pwer t cttn mills, then (with much greater prfit) prpelling trains and bats.(即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。C 选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求” 能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题: 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are numerus reasns why peple dn’t take First Aid training prgrams. ____16____ Or they think that accidents happen t ther peple, nt t them r their friends, family and clleagues. But if yu ask any individual wh has already taken a first aid training prgram if it was wrth it, their answer will be “Yes!” Having, sme basic first aid knwledge is essential and here are the reasns.
____17____
Having a basic first aid knwledge means that yu’ll be cnfident in yur skills and abilities in relatin t first aid administratin. By taking first aid training, it helps yu t reflect n yurself and hw yu and thers react in certain situatins. Having this understanding will bst yur cnfidence in a wide range f nn-medical day-t-day situatins.
It des mre than help save lives.
It’s true that having first aid training undubtedly helps save lives. ____18____ Giving apprpriate first aid immediately can als help t reduce a persn’s recvery time and make the difference between the patient having a temprary (短暂的) disability and a lng-term disability.
It enables yu t increase patients? cmfrt.
Nt all accidents, injuries r illnesses require a trip t the hspital but it desn’t mean they dn’t cause pain and suffering t the patient. ____19____ By knwing hw t act — even just by emplying simple techniques such as applying an ice pack crrectly, yu’ll help ease his discmfrt.
It gives yu tls t prevent the situatin frm becming wrse.
By being able t prvide basic care yu can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. Yu’ll learn hw t use basic. husehld items as tls t cpe with many situatins. Yu’ll als be trained in hw t cllect infrmatin and data abut what happened and the patients’ cnditin. This infrmatin will be passed n t the emergency services, which saves them time. ____20____
A. They are t busy.
B. Hwever, that’s nt all.
C. It helps imprve yur skills.
D. It creates cnfidence t give first aid.
E. Yu will be a valuable link in the chain f survival.
F. Yu must lk after yurself and ensure yur wn safety.
G. A child wh is crying because f a sprained ankle is suffering.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. E
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述参加急救培训是必要的，并分析了原因。
【16题详解】
根据上文“There are numerus reasns why peple dn’t take First Aid training prgrams.(人们不参加急救培训课程的原因有很多)”以及后文“Or they think that accidents happen t ther peple, nt t them r their friends, family and clleagues.(或者他们认为事故发生在其他人身上，而不是发生在他们自己或他们的朋友、家人和同事身上)”可知，上文提到人们不参加急救培训项目的原因有很多，接下来举例说明原因，后文Or说明这里列举了两个原因。那么不参加培训应该是因为人们太忙，没有时间，这是其中的一个原因。A项的主语They指代前一句中的peple，并且与后一句中的they一致。A选项“他们太忙了”符合语境，故选A。
【17题详解】
根据本段内容“Having a basic first aid knwledge means that yu’ll be cnfident in yur skills and abilities in relatin t first aid administratin. By taking first aid training, it helps yu t reflect n yurself and hw yu and thers react in certain situatins. Having this understanding will bst yur cnfidence in a wide range f nn-medical day-t-day situatins.(有一个基本的急救知识意味着你将对你的技能和能力在急救管理方面有信心。通过接受急救培训，它可以帮助你反思自己，以及你和其他人在某些情况下的反应。有了这方面的了解，你会在日常的非医疗状况中增强信心)”可知，本段主要讲述具备基本的急救知识意味着对自己在急救管理方面的技能和能力充满信心。D选项“它增加了进行急救的信心”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“It's true that having first aid training undubtedly helps save lives.(的确，接受急救训练无疑有助于拯救生命)”以及后文“Giving apprpriate first aid immediately can als help t reduce a persn's recvery time and make the difference between the patient having a temprary (短暂的) disability and a lng term disability.(立即给予适当的急救也可以帮助减少病人的恢复时间，并使患有暂时或长期残疾的患者之间产生差异)”可知，本段主题句是“急救知识不仅有助于拯救生命”，后文则指出立即给予适当的急救也有助于缩短患者的恢复时间，并影响到患者会产生暂时性残疾还是长期残疾。说明本句与上文构成转折，指出有助于拯救生命还不是急救知识的全部。B选项“然而，这还不是全部”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Nt all accidents, injuries r illnesses require a trip t the hspital but it desn't mean they dn't cause pain and suffering t the patient.(并非所有的事故、受伤或疾病都需要去医院，但这并不意味着它们不会给病人带来痛苦)”以及后文“By knwing hw t act-even just by emplying simple techniques such as applying an ice pack crrectly, yu'll help t relieve his discmfrt.(只要知道如何行动——哪怕只是运用一些简单的技巧，比如正确使用冰袋，你就能帮助他减轻不适)”可知，本句提到具体的一个需要急救的人。后文his即G项的A child。G选项“一个因为脚踝扭伤而哭泣的孩子是痛苦的”符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据上文“By being able t prvide basic care yu can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. Yu'll learn hw t use basic husehld items as tls t cpe with many situatins. Yu'll als be trained in hw t cllect infrmatin and data abut what happened and the patients' cnditin. This infrmatin will be passed n t the emergency services, which saves them time.(通过提供基本的护理，你可以在紧急医疗服务到来之前稳定病人的病情。你将学习如何使用基本的家庭用品作为工具来应对许多情况。你还将接受如何收集关于发生了什么和病人情况的信息和数据的培训。这些信息将被传递给紧急服务部门，这就节省了他们的时间)”可知，上文提到你还将接受培训，了解如何收集有关发生事件和患者病情的信息和数据。这些信息将传递给应急服务部门，从而节省他们的时间，本句为本段最后一句，应说明这一行动的意义：你将成为生存链条中有价值的一环。E选项“你将成为生存链条中有价值的一环”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题: 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Anther year as a junir high teacher in New Jersey was cming t an end. The ___21___ fr the eighth-grade graduates was abut t begin.
Having taught fr 15 years, I ___22___ that teaching was a prfessin where yu receive very few thank-yu ntes and never knw the impact yu’ve had. This ___23___ feeling is especially strng n graduatin day.
On the way t the ceremny, I ___24___ my American histry classrm t pick up a few items t take hme. There I saw a sheet f paper. It was a nte ___25___ t me frm an eighth grader. It was abut 500 wrds lng. This quiet yung lady had written t express her ___26___ fr the psitive effect I had n her life bth emtinally and ___27___. She wrte abut the ___28___ time she’d had in class initially, but it was me wh made learning enjyable and gave her ___29___ that she wuld d well in high schl. I was mved t tears, and ____30____ thinking abut the nte thrughut the ceremny. This student ____31____ my life frever.
Nw I still see her ccasinally. I always make a pint f saying hell and ____32____ her cllege experience, hping she realizes the ____33____ she has had n me.
Whenever I ____34____ whether I make a difference, I read her nte, and tears appear nce again — tears f gratitude fr having the pprtunity t ____35____ this ne angelic student.
21. A. trainingB. lectureC. ceremnyD. exam
22. A. hpedB. realizedC. deniedD. suspected
23. A. warmB. excitingC. emptyD. shameful
24. A. lked frB. stpped byC. strmed intD. cleaned up
25. A. addressedB. dnatedC. returnedD. handed
26. A. gratitudeB. supprtC. preferenceD. desire
27. A. sciallyB. ecnmicallyC. physicallyD. academically
28. A. funB. tughC. limitedD. precius
29. A. adviceB. evidenceC. cnfidenceD. credit
30. A. stppedB. frgtC. allwedD. kept
31. A. changedB. guidedC. savedD. cntrlled
32. A. reflecting nB. inquiring abutC. adapting tD. learning frm
33. A. relianceB. impressinC. impactD. pity
34. A. questinB. guessC. rule utD. figure ut
35. A. cureB. assessC. hnrD. meet
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名初中老师，在毕业季收到一名学生的感谢信，这封信让作者深感自己对学生的影响，并在之后的生活中一直激励着作者。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：八年级毕业生的毕业典礼即将开始。A. training培训；B. lecture讲座；C. ceremny典礼；D. exam考试。根据后文“fr the eighth-grade graduates”和“On the way t the ceremny”可知，八年级毕业生的毕业典礼即将开始。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：教了15年书，我意识到教学是一个很少收到感谢信，也永远不知道自己产生了多大影响的职业。A. hped希望；B. realized意识到；C. denied否认；D. suspected怀疑。根据后文“that teaching was a prfessin where yu receive very few thank-yu ntes and never knw the impact yu’ve had”可知，这是作者教了15年书之后意识到的道理。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种空虚的感觉在毕业那天尤其强烈。A. warm温暖的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. empty空虚的，无意义的；D. shameful可耻的。根据前文“where yu receive very few thank-yu ntes and never knw the impact yu’ve had”可知，因为作者很少收到感谢信，也不知道自己工作的影响，所以作者会觉得无意义，感到空虚。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在去典礼的路上，我顺道去了我的美国历史教室，拿了一些东西带回家。A. lked fr寻找；B. stpped by顺便拜访；C. strmed int冲进；D. cleaned up打扫干净。根据后文“my American histry classrm t pick up a few items t take hme”可知，作者顺道去了教室拿东西。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是一张纸条，是八年级的一个学生写给我的。A. addressed在（信封、包裹等）上写姓名和地址，致函，写给；B. dnated捐赠；C. returned返回；D. handed递给。根据前文“a nte”和后文“t me frm an eighth grader”可知，这张纸条是写给作者的。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位文静的年轻女士写信来表达她对我给她生活带来的积极影响的感激之情，无论是在情感上还是在学业上。A. gratitude感激；B. supprt支持；C. preference偏爱；D. desire欲望。根据后文“fr the psitive effect I had n her life”可知，作者给学生的生活带来积极影响，所以写信是为了表达对作者的感激之情。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. scially社交地；B. ecnmically经济地；C. physically身体上地；D. academically学业上地。根据后文“it was me wh made learning enjyable and gave her that she wuld d well in high schl.”可知，作者在学业上对学生产生积极影响。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道，一开始她在课堂上过得很艰难，但正是我让学习变得有趣，给了她信心，让她相信自己在高中会做得很好。A. fun有趣的；B. tugh艰难的；C. limited有限的；D. precius珍贵的。根据后文“but it was me wh made learning enjyable”可知，是作者让学生的学习变得有趣，由此推知，一开始学生在课堂上过得很艰难。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advice建议；B. evidence证据；C. cnfidence信心；D. credit信用。根据前文“the psitive effect”和后文“that she wuld d well in high schl”可知，作者给了学生信心，让她相信自己在高中会做得很好。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被感动得热泪盈眶，在整个典礼上一直想着那张纸条。A. stpped停止；B. frgt忘记；C. allwed允许；D. kept保持，一直做。根据后文“thinking abut the nte thrughut the ceremny”可知，作者在整个典礼上一直想着那张纸条。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生永远改变了我的生活。A. changed改变；B. guided指导；C. saved拯救；D. cntrlled控制。根据后文“my life frever”和“Whenever I 14 whether I make a difference, I read her nte, and tears appear nce again — tears f gratitude”可知，学生的那张纸条给作者带来巨大影响，永远改变了作者的生活。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我总是特意跟她打招呼，询问她的大学经历，希望她意识到自己对我的影响。A. reflecting n反思；B. inquiring abut询问；C. adapting t适应；D. learning frm向……学习。根据前文“Nw I still see her ccasinally.”和后文“her cllege experience”可知，作者会询问学生的大学经历。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reliance依赖；B. impressin印象；C. impact影响；D. pity遗憾。根据前文“This student my life frever.”可知，学生永远改变了作者的生活，所以作者希望学生意识到她对作者的影响。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：每当我怀疑自己是否有所作为时，我就会读读她的纸条，眼泪再次涌现——感激的眼泪，因为我有机会遇到这位天使般的学生。A. questin怀疑；B. guess猜测；C. rule ut排除；D. figure ut弄明白。根据宾语从句“whether I make a difference”可知，作者怀疑自己是否有所作为。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cure治愈；B. assess评估；C. hnr尊敬；D. meet遇见。根据前文“gratitude fr having the pprtunity”和后文“this ne angelic student”可知，作者感激自己遇到了一位天使般的学生。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题: 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Yuyu, as a famus female scientist f great ___36___ (achieve), was brn ___37___ Ningb, Zhejiang Prvince n 30 December 1930．And she ___38___ (graduate) frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. In 1967, she was chsen int a research team ___39___ was frmed by the gvernment in rder t discver a new treatment fr malaria (疟疾). Tu Yuyu first tried the medicine n herself, because she wanted ___40___ (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined ver 2,000 ld medical ___41___ (text), evaluated 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a cmmitted and ___42___ (patience) scientist, she never acknwledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After ___43___ (fail) t draw ut useful extract by biling the sweet wrmwd, she began even mre careful thinking and research wrk.
We can learn a lt frm Tu Yuyu — We shuld d smething useful fr peple. If we want t be ___44___ (success), we shuld keep n _____45_____ (wrk) hard with ur grup and never give up.
【答案】36. achievements 37. in 38. graduated 39. which##that 40. t make 41. texts 42. patient 43. failing 44. successful 45. wrking
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家屠呦呦的生平和成就，以及她对研究抗疟疾药物的执着和贡献。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。空格处需填名词作介词f的宾语。achievement是可数名词，可数名词复数表泛指多种成就。故填achievements。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：成就卓越的著名女科学家屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于浙江省宁波市。在相对较大的地理区域或城市前，使用介词in表示地理位置。故填in。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她于1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。根据句末时间状语in 1955可知，此处应用过去时。故填graduated。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组建的研究团队，以寻找一种新的疟疾治疗方法。空格处到句末为定语从句，该句中缺少关系代词。先行词是team，指物。故填which/that。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦首先在自己身上试验药物，因为她想要确保药物的安全性。because到句末的原因状语从句中，谓语为wanted，空格处需用不定式作宾语，表示要去完成的动作。故填t make。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，她和团队查阅了2000多本过去的医学文献，评估了280,000种植物的药用性质，测试了380种不同的古代中医治疗方法。text为可数名词，且前有数字2000，因此应用复数形式。故填texts。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她是一名执着而耐心的科学家，无论遇到什么困难，她从不承认失败。空格处的词与前面的cmmitted并列，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词scientist。故填patient。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在通过煮沸黄花蒿未能提取出有效成分后，她开始了更加细致的思考和研究工作。空格处需要动名词作句首介词after的宾语。故填failing。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格前为系动词be，此处需要一个形容词作表语。故填successful。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们想要成功，就应继续与团队一起努力工作，永不放弃。空格处需要动名词作前面介词n的宾语。故填wrking。
第四部分 写作+基础知识(共40分)
一、写作(15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jeremy来信询问你的寒假是怎样度过的。请给他回信, 内容包括：
1. 感谢他的来信；
2. 寒假持续时间；
3. 寒假主要活动。
注意:
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jeremy,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jeremy,
Thank yu fr yur letter. It was great t hear frm yu! My winter vacatin lasted fur weeks, which gave me plenty f time t relax and explre new hbbies.
Althugh it was cld utside, I stayed active by learning ice skating, and I als read tw nvels t imprve my English. The mst exciting part was celebrating the Spring Festival with my family. We enjyed delicius fd and watched firewrks.
Hw was yur winter break? Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
二、基础知识(共25小题, 每小题1分)
一、根据汉语提示单词拼写
47. She fund nthing there t ________ (安慰) her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cmfrt
【解析】考查动词。句意：她在那里找不到任何安慰她的东西。根据汉语提示，表示“安慰”含义的词为：cmfrt，该词为动词，因空白处前面有动词不定式符号t，所以空白处填动词原形，故填cmfrt。
48. She _______(承认) having been cheated in the market. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】acknwledged
【解析】考查动词。句意：她承认在市场上被骗了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词acknwledge，句子描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填acknwledged。
49. It is difficult t______(评估) the damage t this village. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】evaluate
【解析】考查不定式。句意：很难评估这个村庄受到的损害。“评估”是evaluate，it is difficult t d是固定短语，意为“做某事困难”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是动词原形，故填evaluate。
50. He sits dwn and______(分析) why she feels s upset. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】analyses##analyzes
【解析】考查动词。句意：他坐下来分析她为什么会这么沮丧。根据汉语提示可知应填动词analyse/analyze，作谓语，结合上文He sits可知为一般现在时。故填analyses/analyzes。
51. He paused,______(显然地) lst in thught staring at the bk. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】apparently
【解析】考查副词。句意：他停顿了一下，显然陷入了沉思，盯着那本书。根据汉语提示可知应填副词apparently，作状语。故填apparently。
52. She______(坚持) that I g t the library with her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】insists
【解析】考查动词。句意：她坚持要我和她一起去图书馆。根据汉语提示可知应填动词insist，作谓语，为一般现在时，主语为she，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填insists。
53. Althugh his wife is yung, she has made wnderful ______(科学的) discveries. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】scientific
【解析】考查形容词。句意：虽然他的妻子很年轻，但她已经有了了不起的科学发现。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词scientific，作定语修饰名词discveries。故填scientific。
54. It’s nt fair t_________________ me. It’s nt my fault.(责备) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】blame
【解析】考查动词。句意：责备我不公平。这不是我的错误。根据句意和汉语提示可知，此处使用动词blame，与空格前的t构成不定式，作句子的真正主语。故填blame。
55. What impressed me mst was his ________(生动的) descriptin f what happened just nw. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vivid
【解析】考查形容词。句意：给我印象最深的是他对刚才发生的事情的生动描述。根据汉语提示“生动的”和后文descriptin可知，此处应用形容词vivid作定语修饰名词。故填vivid。
56. Нe_________________ (使相信) me he was right. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cnvinced
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他使我相信他是对的。根据汉语提示“使相信”可知，空处应用动词cnvince，根据句中was可知，句子使用一般过去时，主句也应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填cnvinced。
57. T my amazement, his pinin is similar t mine in many________ (方面). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】aspects
【解析】考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他的观点在许多方面与我相似。形容词many后接可数名词aspect的复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填aspects。
58. Yu will be asked t fill in a frm with details f yur birth and_____ (职业). （根据汉语意思填空）
【答案】ccupatin
【解析】考查名词。句意：你将被要求填写一份关于你的出生和职业的详细资料的表格。根据汉语意思“职业”可知应填名词ccupatin，作宾语。故填ccupatin。
59. Dn’t give the baby meat t eat, because he can’t ________(消化) it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】digest
【解析】考查动词。句意：别给婴儿肉吃，因为他消化不了。根据汉语提示可知应填动词digest，且can't后跟动词原形。故填digest。
60. Nw we'll be able t live in________(奢华)fr the rest f ur lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】luxury
【解析】考查名词。句意：现在我们可以过奢侈的余生了。根据汉语意思“奢华”可知应填名词luxury，作in的宾语。故填luxury。
61. T their relief, the rganizatin distributed fd and blankets t the earthquake ________ (受害者). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】victims
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：使他们感到宽慰的是，该组织向地震灾民分发了食物和毯子。表示“受害者”应用名词victim，结合句意可知，受害者不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作t的宾语。故填victims。
62. The _________(茶壶) came with a stand t catch the drips f water. (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】teapt
【解析】考查名词。句意：茶壶自带支架，可以接住水滴。根据汉语意思“茶壶”以及上文the，可知应填名词teapt，作主语。故填teapt。
63. Textbk writing can be an intellectually _________(有益的) activity. (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】rewarding
【解析】考查形容词。句意：编著课本，在知识方面是一个有益的活动。空处应填一个形容词作定语修饰名词activity，结合汉语提示可知rewarding符合题意。故填rewarding。
64. When I gt there, she intrduced me t sme f her ________ (同事) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】fellws
【解析】考查名词。句意：当我到达那里时，她把我介绍给了她的一些同伴。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，根据汉语提示，表示“同事”含义的名词为：fellw，根据空白处前面的不定代词sme可知空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填fellws。
65. I've been n an emtinal rller _________ (过山车) since I've been here. (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】caster
【解析】考查名词。句意：自从我来到这里，我的情绪就像坐过山车一样。由 an修饰用名词单数，“过山车”是rller caster，故填caster。
66. It’s knwn t us that smking d much damage t the_________(肺部) . (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】lung
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们都知道吸烟对肺有很大的损害。根据汉语意思“肺部”以及上文the，可知应填名词lung，作宾语。故填lung。
67. There is an __________ (urge) need t take the victim t the hspital at nce. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】urgent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：需要立即将受害者送往医院。设空处需要使用urge的形容词urgent作定语修饰名词need，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。
68. There is n ________ (deny) the fact that mre and mre plastic will cme int use in ur daily life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】denying
【解析】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：不可否认，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。There is n denying that...是固定句型，意为“不可否认……”，使用动名词作主语。故填denying。
69. While we’re develping agriculture and industry we must prevent earth __________(pllute). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being plluted
【解析】考查动名词。句意：在我们发展农业和工业的同时，我们必须防止地球被污染。根据prevent sb. (frm) ding sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”可知，此处为动名词形式作宾语，同时又是被动含义。故填being plluted。
70. T avid ___________ (punish), Jhn preferred nt t tell the truth that he brke the vase. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being punished
【解析】考查动名词。句意：为了避免受到惩罚，约翰宁愿不说他打碎花瓶的真相。此处为非谓语动词作avid的宾语，根据avid ding表示“避免做某事”可知，此处使用动名词形式作宾语，结合句意，Jhn与avid之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式being punished。故答案是being punished。
71. I appreciate her ___________ (devte) herself t the cause f educatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】devting
【解析】考查动名词。句意：我欣赏她献身于教育事业。此空为非谓语动词作appreciate的宾语，根据appreciate ding意为“欣赏做某事”以及“形容词性物主代词+动名词” 构成动名词复合结构可知，此处应为动名词形式devting作宾语。故答案是devting。