【英语】陕西省西安市雁塔区2024-2025学年高二下学期开学试题（学生版+解析版）

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第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
On the Mve Riders Prgram (OTMRP) cnnects yu t new friends wh can teach yu abut hw t get arund n public transprtatin with Metr.
OTMRP wrks t empwer lder adults with the infrmatin and cnfidence t travel n fixed-rute transprtatin, by prviding ne-n-ne r grup travel training, infrmatinal transit turs, and safety educatin presentatins. Thrugh ur reginal Older Adult Transprtatin Pp-Up events, Transprtatin Exp, and Raised n Recrds Cncert, we try t spread the wrd abut ur prgram and the value f learning hw t travel n public transprtatin. Thrugh these effrts, we aim t remve barriers and enhance mbility amng the lder adult ppulatin.
Upcming Event
Sept. 27, 10:00 a.m. — 2:00 p.m.: LIFE Prgram Sign-Up Event
Metr’s Lw-Incme Fare is Easy (LIFE) prgram invites yu t attend an upcming enrllment event. Once yu’re in the prgram, yu can purchase discunted passes r lad 20 free reginal rides n Metr r any participating transit agencies. Sign up nw and get unlimited free rides fr the first 90 days!
Special Fares fr Senirs
●If yu’re a senir and ride frequently, a mnthly pass is prbably the best value.
●If yu’re an ccasinal bus rider, yu may prefer t pay cash fr each ride, and t take advantage f ur 35-cent ff-peak fare.
● Please nte that disabled and medicare custmers are entitled f all senir cash and pass fares.
1. What is the purpse f OTMRP?
A. T sell discunted riding passes.B. T help senirs use public transprtatin.
C. T prvide free rides fr senirs.D. T rganize special riding events fr senirs.
2. Hw can passengers get discunted tickets?
A. By frming a grup.B. By registering as a VIP.
C. By bking in advance.D. By attending a prgram.
3. What can we knw abut Special Fares fr Senirs?
A. Senirs must purchase a mnthly pass t get discunts.
B. Occasinal riders are nt qualified fr ff-peak discunts.
C. A mnthly pass is recmmended fr frequent riders.
D. Disabled and medicare custmers are nt included.
B
Last summer at a bkstre, my sn Henry was fascinated by the cver f the first nvel frm Peter Brwn’s middle-grade trilgy (三部曲). He then finished it in just tw days. “Dad, why did The Wild Rbt have t be s sad?” He tearfully asked me.
The stry is set n a remte island, where a rbt named Rz learns t survive and cmmunicate with the island’s creatures, and becmes part f the cmmunity. Fr my sn, it was the first bk he discvered n his wn; the first t impact him with the mix f tragedy (悲剧) and jy.
When I finished the bk, I knew why Henry lved it. In ur bk club discussin, he described hw Brwn’s pictures and wrds had made the stry feel real. When talking abut its final scenes, where Rz leaves t find repairs fr her injured bdy, Henry cried again. His previus reading experiences had cheerful, “happily-ever-after” endings, but this bk intrduced him t the beauty f cmplex emtins. I tried t explain hw sadness can enhance the meaning f happy mments, but failed t fully cnvince him.
Once ur discussin ended, Henry requested t buy The Wild Rbt Escapes and instantly fell in lve with it. He read the first tw bks repeatedly, s yu can imagine his excitement when we finally gt a cpy f The Wild Rbt Prtects.
We bth agree it is wrth the wait. Rz leaves the island again t stp an underwater threat: “the pisn tide.” Brwn expertly balances between breathtaking adventure and unsettling ideas- nt just happiness and sadness, but als, given the climate-change undercurrents, hpe and despair.
And, here’s smething special abut Rz: her physical clumsiness and cnfusin abut life, cnveyed thrugh her expressive eyes and dwnturned muth. Her stry reflects the challenges f surviving in a strange place, much like a child’s jurney. Readers lve Rz. They learn frm her. Even better, they learn alngside her. Rz gave Henry the pwer t push thrugh the first bk’s sad parts, getting him ready t appreciate that, smetimes, sadness isn’t a bad thing t feel.
4. What drve the authr t read The Wild Rbt?
A. Its tragic ending.B. Henry’s tearful recmmendatin.
C. Its attractive cver.D. Henry’s emtinal respnse t it.
5. What is ne theme f The Wild Rbl Prtects?
A. Family and cmmunity.B. Cncerns f glbal issues.
C. Explratin f the cean.D. Man-rbt relatinship.
6. What makes Rz in the trilgy special?
A. Her childlike expressins.B. Her rbtic pwer.
C. Her struggling experiences.D. Her adventurus spirit.
7. Which message des this text seem t cmmunicate?
A. Misfrtune inspires great literary wrks.
B. Rbt stries wrk like magic n children.
C. Bk discussins help kids survive tragedies.
D. Reading literature facilitates persnal grwth.
C
In the late 1970s, archaelgists (考古学家) uncvered the remains f a wman and a yung dg, her hand resting n the puppy’s chest in a 12,000-year-ld village.
The find is sme f the earliest evidence f the bnd between humans and dgs. But even after years f study researchers are divided n hw this bnd began. Did it arise ver thusands f years, as early dgs became tamer (驯服的) and mre accustmed t human behavirs? Or was this fire already burning in the ancestrs f dgs: the gray wlf?
Christina Hansen Wheat, a behaviral eclgist at Stckhlm University, and wrkmates hand-raised 10 gray wlves frm the time they were 10 days ld. When the animals were 23 weeks ld, a caregiver led them ne at a time int a mstly empty rm. Over the curse f several minutes, the caregiver exited and entered the rm, smetimes leaving the wlf alne, smetimes leaving it with a cmplete stranger. The team repeated the experiment with 12 23-week-ld Alaskan huskies (哈士奇), which they’d raised similarly since puppyhd.
Fr the mst part, the scientists saw few differences between the wlves and the dgs. When their caregiver entered the rm, bth species scred 4.6 n a five-pint scale f “greeting behavir”—a desire t be arund the human. When the stranger entered, dg greeting behavir drpped t 4.2 and wlf t 3.5, n average, suggesting bth animals made a distinctin between the persn they knew and the ne they didn’t. It’s this distinctin that the team cunts as a sign f attachment.
In additin, dgs barely paced—a sign f stress—during the test, while wlves paced at least part f the time. Hwever, the wlves stpped pacing almst entirely when a stranger left the rm and their caretaker returned. Hansen Wheat says that’s never been seen befre in wlves. It culd be a sign, she says, that the animals view the humans wh raised them as a “scial buffer”.
Fr her, that’s the mst interesting part f the study. “If this is true, this srt f attachment is nt what separates dgs frm wlves,” she says. In ther wrds, it didn’t have t be bred int them by humans, but culd have been the seed we selected fr, and then strengthened ver thusands f years.
8. What’s the purpse f Hansen Wheat’s experiment?
A. T find ut what makes gray wlves and dgs different.
B. T explain the reasns why humans raised dgs frm ancient times.
C. T argue gray wlves after being tamed are easier t keep than dgs.
D. T prve whether gray wlves can make dglike attachment t peple.
9. What d we knw abut Hansen Wheat’s experiment frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Researchers began t raise gray wlves frm their birth.
B. Researchers used equal numbers f gray wlves and dgs.
C. Gray wlves felt mre stressful than dgs when a stranger came.
D. “Greeting behavir” f the tw animals was significantly different.
10. What d the underlined wrds “scial buffer” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. A reminder f feeding.B. A sign f scial attachment.
C. A surce f cmfrt and supprt.D. A warning f stpping pace.
11. What will Hansen Wheat prbably agree with accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Dgs are mre attached t humans than gray wlves.
B. It is the attachment t humans that sets gray wlves apart frm dgs.
C. The attachment between dgs and humans is the result f being tamed.
D. The attachment t humans plays a rle in the chice f dgs r gray wlves.
D
Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple's minds.
In psychlgy, the ability t infer anther’s mental state is referred t as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity develps at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Besides, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen. But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
12. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A. When asked where an bject is, a naughty kid pints in the wrng directin.
B. When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk, he answers “my dg ate it”.
C. When yu are treated with a htpt fr dinner, yu reply “a sre thrat”.
D. When a mm tells her kid milk is gd fr health, the kid drinks it up.
13. Which statement will the authr agree with mst abut thery f mind?
A. Humans’ thery f mind is far frm perfect.
B. Humans limit AI’s thery f mind t an extent.
C. AI’s thery f mind develpment has been ttally decded.
D. Shared frms f thery f mind result in mre pwerful AI.
14. What is the authr’s attitude tward truly self-aware machines?
A. Ambiguus.B. Cnservative.
C. Skeptical.D. Apprving.
15. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. AI’s Thery f Mind Will Define Our Future
B. AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
C. AI’s Thery f Mind — a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D. Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Prtect Against Undue Influence Online
The ptential fr undue influence has becme increasingly significant in this era f digital intercnnectivity. Undue influence can affect ur perceptins and influence ur decisins. It may even endanger ur autnmy (自主) and mental health. ____16____
Understand what undue influence is
The first step t prtecting yurself is understanding what undue influence is. Undue influence refers t a situatin in which an individual r grup emplys unreasnable cntrl ver anther persn’s behavir infrmatin, thughts, and emtins. ____17____ Disinfrmatin campaigns, persuasive advertising, and even cntent designed t cause fear, uncertainty, r dependency may ften appear nline.
Develp media literacy skills
In an age f fake news, it is crucial t develp media literacy skills. ____18____ Becme a cnsumer wh can tell the quality f infrmatin, identify the surce, check fr credibility, and lk fr yur uncnscius assumptins and preferences.
____19____
Delete as much data as yu can abut yurself. Be mindful f what infrmatin yu share nline, and always ensure that yur nline activities are secured thrugh reliable surces. Review all plicies n platfrms, especially “free” nes. If yu aren’t paying, then yu are the prduct, as in many cases, they are selling yur data.
By including these steps int yur digital life, yu can prtect yurself frm undue influence in the nline wrld, ensuring that yu can think and act independently, free frm ill cntrl.
____20____ It is yur mind. Only yu shuld cntrl it!
A. Priritize privacy
B. Be mindful f free nes
C. It’s vital t have a health y Internet and real-life balance.
D. In the digital wrld, undue influence can take many frms.
E. Everyne deserves the right t live free frm undue influence.
F. They invlve analyzing, evaluating, and creating media in varius frms.
G. Here are sme essential strategies fr yu t prtect yurself nline frm undue influence.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nestled in the shadws f the Himalayas, villagers face the verwhelming challenge f cllecting the highly valued caterpillar fungus (虫草). At an altitude f 4, 700 meters, this pursuit is filled with danger, yet the ptential ___21___ make it a crucial effrt fr the lcal cmmunity.
One mrning in 2019, as the sun’s rays painted the landscape, an urgent call ___22___ the calm. Tenzin Wangyal, an experienced ___23___ with a mbile clinic, fund himself at the frnt line f a critical situatin. An elderly man, weakened by the altitude, had ___24___ during his search fr the precius fungus. ___25___ the severity f the situatin, Tenzin, with ver a decade f ___26___ , sprang int actin.
He navigated the steep and winding muntain paths, his medical vehicle being a beacn f hpe amng the severe landscape. Upn ___27___ the elderly man, Tenzin’s trained hands swiftly assessed the ___28___ cnditin — acute muntain sickness had a serius effect. With care, he ___29___ the man’s cnditin and made the vital decisin t take him t the safety f the twn belw.
The jurney dwn was a ____30____ f skill and nerve, but Tenzin’s steady hand and firm fcus saw them thrugh. As they reached the twn, an awaiting ambulance signaled the next phase f ____31____ . The elderly man was smthly ____32____ , and the hspital’s expert staff ____33____ , ensuring his full recvery.
Tenzin’s actins that day were a testament t the essential rle f mbile clinics in these remte areas. His stry serves as a(n) ____34____ example f resilience (坚韧不拔) and the life- saving impact f medical care, even in the face f nature’s ____35____ .
21. A. risksB. cstsC. rewardsD. lsses
22. A. ensuredB. restredC. brkeD. kept
23. A. dctrB. patientC. villagerD. explrer
24. A. failedB. sleptC. diedD. cllapsed
25. A. StressingB. RecgnizingC. IgnringD. Mentining
26. A. searchB. marriageC. experienceD. adventure
27. A. reachingB. passingC. curingD. knwing
28. A. nrmalB. criticalC. previusD. mental
29. A. admiredB. stabilizedC. wrsenedD. suspected
30. A. reminderB. recrdC. mistakeD. test
31. A. careB. climbC. studyD. exercise
32. A. interviewedB. invitedC. transprtedD. remved
33. A. gave inB. gt awayC. set ffD. tk ver
34. A. cmplicatedB. inspiringC. surprisingD. rdinary
35. A. benefitsB. challengesC. pprtunitiesD. treasures
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese Zdiac assigns 12 animals t a twelve-year cycle, each ____36____ (symblize) unique traits. In 2025, the Year f the Snake, peple explre ____37____ (it) cultural symblism. Snakes represent wisdm, luck, and authrity. They are divided int huse snakes, ____38____ (cnsider) lucky, and wild snakes. Additinally, snakes symblize lngevity, linked t Taist beliefs abut a ciled energy in the human bdy. The third symblic meaning is the ____39____ (pursue) f true lve, as seen in The Legend f the White Snake, ne f China’s ____40____ (famus) flk tales. The snake’s dual nature — feared yet revered — reflects its cmplexity in Chinese culture.
____41____ sme assciate snakes ____42____ danger, thers admire their strategic thinking. ____43____ (celebrate) the Year f the Snake, peple ften wear jade jewelry carved with snake mtifs fr prtectin. Interestingly, thse brn in snake years ____44____ (say) t be intuitive and graceful. This cultural blend f myth and symblism ensures the snake remains ____45____ enduring icn in China.
第四部分 写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Ben希望向你学做一道有代表性的中国美食，以便他回国时做给家人品尝。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐美食；
2. 推荐理由；
3. 制订计划(学做美食的时间、地点等)。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ben,
I’m glad t hear that yu want t learn a typical Chinese dish.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Yurs,
Li Hua