2024-2025学年陕西省榆林市某中学高二下学期开学考试英语试卷（学生版）

这是一份2024-2025学年陕西省榆林市某中学高二下学期开学考试英语试卷（学生版），共10页。试卷主要包含了5分, 满分37， What d Fires等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A
Here are fur student pdcasts (播客) that ffer a glimpse int the minds f students and what they say abut news cncerning climate in their cmmunities — and what they hpe t d abut it.
Behind the Scenes f the Msquit Fire
In a 10-episde series, a sixth-grade class at the Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin in Gergetwn, Calif., shares stries frm the damaging Msquit Fire in 2022. This grup f eight students asks tw firefighters frm the Gergetwn Fire Department what it’s like t fight fires and prtect lved nes in their hmetwn.
Fires: Set Ablaze
At Chautauqua Elementary, the Vashn fifth-graders talk abut the far-reaching and lasting impact f wildfires and wildfire smke — and the direct effects n their lives, like waiting fr the schl bus n a smky day. The students als interview experts and share their research n wildfire precautins (预防措施).
Flwing Thrugh Time
In this pdcast frm Peak Academy, a grup f eight middle schlers reprts n dealing with water shrtages in Bzeman, Mntana. They trace the histry f their grwing hmetwn’s water supply, which has been dependent n muntain snwmelt. As that surce becmes less reliable in a warming wrld, the students turn t the grwn-ups t ask what they can d t cnserve water.
Washed Away
The deadly flding in eastern Kentucky last year frever changed the lives f high schlers Ryley Bwman, Carlina Jhnsn and Hunter Nble. The three classmates at Mrgan Cunty High Schl in West Liberty, Ky., share firsthand accunts f their wn and their family’s experiences during the flds.
1. Wh shws interest in firefighters’ stries?
A. Peak Academy students.B. Chautauqua Elementary students.
C. Mrgan Cunty High Schl students.D. Gergetwn Schl f Innvatin students.
2. Which pdcast shws cncern fr water cnservatin?
A. Washed Away.B. Fires: Set Ablaze.
C. Flwing Thrugh Time.D. Behind the Scenes f the Msquit Fire.
3. What d Fires: Set Ablaze and Washed Away have in cmmn?
A. They cnsult experts’ research results.
B. They explre the causes f climate change.
C. They share students’ persnal experiences.
D. They discuss precautins fr natural disasters.
B
“I’ve never picked the jbs I’ve dne in my life,” says Mark Sadler, wh spent 20 years wrking at the Lndn undergrund. But when he retired, he became a lifeguard.
Three years ag, Sadler was giving bld when he felt chest pain. He says, “The dctr asked: ‘D yu drink?’ Yeah, prbably t much. ‘D yu smke?’ Yes. They culd see by my size that I ate t much.” Then Sadler stpped smking and drinking.
“I’ve always had t earn as much as I can t prvide fr my family,” Sadler says. At the undergrund, he lked after the engineering fleet (工程车队). He wrked 10-t 12-hur days, and ften returned t visit the tunnels at night. “If I gt the call at 1, I’d be n the g at1: 15.”
He regards his wife and tw daughters as “always the mst imprtant thing in my life”, but while he wrked, “they were wrapped in clingfilm (保鲜膜)”. He means he culd see them, but they were in a separate wrld. That’s why Sadler made his daughters, by then adults, an ffer. “I tld them: ‘If yu have a child, I will becme a full-time grandparent.’” Fr the past cuple f years, he has cmbined caring fr his granddaughter with lifeguarding very well. Being a grandparent, he says, has shwn “hw much I missed” as a father.
Nw he is part f a cmmunity. “In my ld jb, I used t say t everyne: ‘Every day yu’re learning.’ I feel that even mre nw that I’ve gt t 60. I’m ding smething that I chse. I can balance my jb with my wife and family. It is everything I want.”
4. What made Sadler change his lifestyle?
A. A health prblem.B. Pursuit f an ideal jb.
C. An accident at the undergrund.D. Financial pressures frm his family.
5. What was Sadler’s experience like while wrking at the undergrund?
A. It ffered him flexibility.B. It was physically dangerus.
C. It was assciated with stress.D. It allwed him t travel the wrld.
6. Why did Sadler decide t becme a full-time grandparent?
A. T escape jb-related burnut.B. T enjy his retirement.
C. T challenge himself.D. T fcus n family.
7. Hw des Sadler feel abut his career shift?
A. Regretful.B. Nervus.C. Relieved.D. Satisfied.
C
The rbts are cming! In science fictin that is usually a terrible warning. Even if we knw rbts are nt literally the murderus machines f films in which the inventr lses cntrl f his creatin, they can inspire fear. In the real wrld, they are able t kill ff well-paid jbs in factries and warehuses. Nevertheless, the latest advances in rbtics will bring real and fundamental benefits.
New “multimdal” AI mdels cmbine understanding f language and visin with data. This makes it pssible t deal with rbts using rdinary wrds. Yu can ask a rbt what it is able t see r tell it t “pick up the yellw fruit”. Such mdels in effect allw rbts a degree f cmmn sense — in this case, knwing that a nearby banana is a kind f yellw fruit. Yu can tell a rbt t adjust its behaviur simply by changing an instructin, smething that wuld previusly have required cmplicated reprgramming.
The new mdels enable rbts t explain the reasning behind their actins. That is useful when they behave in unexpected r unwelcme ways. S lng as rbts’ brains are nt cnfusing black bxes, prgramming and debugging (排错) them is fairly straightfrward. The new mdels are als less likely t make things up, as the way they perceive things is rted in bservatins f the wrld, and they aim t ensure that cgnitive and physical reality match.
Labur markets acrss the rich wrld are tight — and getting tighter as scieties age. Advanced ecnmies will need mre autmatin if they are t maintain their standards f living as they are aging rapidly. Withut rbts t help ut, mre peple may have t wrk lnger and retire later. In the cming years, attitudes culd well change frm fearing the arrival f rbts t wishing that they wuld get here sner.
8. Why are peple cncerned abut rbts?
A. They can raise unemplyment rates.B. They are replacing lw-paid labr.
C. They might becme killers.D. They are hard t cntrl.
9. What is the strength f new “multimdal” AI mdels?
A. Interacting with ther rbts.B. Replacing human wrkers cmpletely.
C. Being free frm reprgramming.D. Cmprehending spken cmmands.
10. What causes the new mdels t be mre reliable?
A. Their lgic reasning.B. Their debugging ability.
C. Their reality-based perceptin.D. Their detailed bservatin.
11. What des the authr think f rbts in an aging sciety?
A. They benefit the elderly mst.B. They cntribute t scial harmny.
C. They speed technlgical innvatin.D. They sustain labr prductivity.
D
It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. That is, inventins suppsedly arise when a sciety has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventins d fit in this categry. Fr example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cttn gins (轧棉机) t replace labrius hand cleaning f cttn grwn in the U. S. Suth.
Such familiar examples fl us int assuming that ther majr inventins were als respnses t perceived needs. In fact, mst inventins were develped by peple driven by curisity r by a lve f tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventr then had t find an applicatin fr it. Only after it had been in use fr a cnsiderable time did cnsumers cme t feel that they “needed” it. Thus, inventin is ften the mther f necessity, rather than vice versa.
A gd example is the histry f the mtr vehicle which was nt invented in respnse t any demand. When Niklaus Ott built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when hrse wagns and steam-pwered railrads dminated transprtatin. Public cntentment with these tw means remained high until Wrld War I when the armies cncluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made thse vehicles a substitute fr hrse-drawn wagns in industrialized cuntries.
Inventrs ften have t insist n their tinkering fr a lng time in the absence f public demand, because early mdels perfrm t prly t be useful. Fr instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and televisin sets were as awful as Ott’s seven-ft-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult fr an inventr t fresee whether his r her awful prttype might eventually find a use and thus invest mre time and expense t develp it. Even inventins that meet the need fr which they were initially designed may later prve mre valuable at meeting unfreseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine t pump water frm mines, it sn was supplying pwer t cttn mills, then (with much greater prfit) driving trains and bats.
12. Why is Eli Whitney mentined by the writer in the first paragraph?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T deny a statement.
C. T clarify a dubt.D. T illustrate a view.
13. What led t the wide use f mtr vehicles accrding t the text?
A. The imprvement f engine perfrmance.B. The end f Wrld War I.
C. The need f the military during war time.D. The decline f hrse-drawn wagns.
14. What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t in the last paragraph?
A. Absence f public demand.B. Bad perfrmance f early mdels.
C. A lack f time and expense.D. Awful lks f previus inventins.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Scial Need: the Inner Drive fr Inventin
B. Great Inventin: the Frce f Sciety’s Prgress
C. Beynd Necessity: the Curius Pursuit f Inventin
D. General Applicatin: the Final Purpse f Inventin
第二节(共5小题: 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There are numerus reasns why peple dn’t take First Aid training prgrams. ____16____ Or they think that accidents happen t ther peple, nt t them r their friends, family and clleagues. But if yu ask any individual wh has already taken a first aid training prgram if it was wrth it, their answer will be “Yes!” Having, sme basic first aid knwledge is essential and here are the reasns.
____17____
Having a basic first aid knwledge means that yu’ll be cnfident in yur skills and abilities in relatin t first aid administratin. By taking first aid training, it helps yu t reflect n yurself and hw yu and thers react in certain situatins. Having this understanding will bst yur cnfidence in a wide range f nn-medical day-t-day situatins.
It des mre than help save lives.
It’s true that having first aid training undubtedly helps save lives. ____18____ Giving apprpriate first aid immediately can als help t reduce a persn’s recvery time and make the difference between the patient having a temprary (短暂的) disability and a lng-term disability.
It enables yu t increase patients? cmfrt.
Nt all accidents, injuries r illnesses require a trip t the hspital but it desn’t mean they dn’t cause pain and suffering t the patient. ____19____ By knwing hw t act — even just by emplying simple techniques such as applying an ice pack crrectly, yu’ll help ease his discmfrt.
It gives yu tls t prevent the situatin frm becming wrse.
By being able t prvide basic care yu can stabilize a patient until emergency medical services arrive. Yu’ll learn hw t use basic. husehld items as tls t cpe with many situatins. Yu’ll als be trained in hw t cllect infrmatin and data abut what happened and the patients’ cnditin. This infrmatin will be passed n t the emergency services, which saves them time. ____20____
A. They are t busy.
B. Hwever, that’s nt all.
C. It helps imprve yur skills.
D. It creates cnfidence t give first aid.
E. Yu will be a valuable link in the chain f survival.
F. Yu must lk after yurself and ensure yur wn safety.
G. A child wh is crying because f a sprained ankle is suffering.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题: 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Anther year as a junir high teacher in New Jersey was cming t an end. The ___21___ fr the eighth-grade graduates was abut t begin.
Having taught fr 15 years, I ___22___ that teaching was a prfessin where yu receive very few thank-yu ntes and never knw the impact yu’ve had. This ___23___ feeling is especially strng n graduatin day.
On the way t the ceremny, I ___24___ my American histry classrm t pick up a few items t take hme. There I saw a sheet f paper. It was a nte ___25___ t me frm an eighth grader. It was abut 500 wrds lng. This quiet yung lady had written t express her ___26___ fr the psitive effect I had n her life bth emtinally and ___27___. She wrte abut the ___28___ time she’d had in class initially, but it was me wh made learning enjyable and gave her ___29___ that she wuld d well in high schl. I was mved t tears, and ____30____ thinking abut the nte thrughut the ceremny. This student ____31____ my life frever.
Nw I still see her ccasinally. I always make a pint f saying hell and ____32____ her cllege experience, hping she realizes the ____33____ she has had n me.
Whenever I ____34____ whether I make a difference, I read her nte, and tears appear nce again — tears f gratitude fr having the pprtunity t ____35____ this ne angelic student.
21. A. trainingB. lectureC. ceremnyD. exam
22. A. hpedB. realizedC. deniedD. suspected
23. A. warmB. excitingC. emptyD. shameful
24. A. lked frB. stpped byC. strmed intD. cleaned up
25. A. addressedB. dnatedC. returnedD. handed
26. A. gratitudeB. supprtC. preferenceD. desire
27. A. sciallyB. ecnmicallyC. physicallyD. academically
28. A. funB. tughC. limitedD. precius
29. A. adviceB. evidenceC. cnfidenceD. credit
30. A. stppedB. frgtC. allwedD. kept
31. A. changedB. guidedC. savedD. cntrlled
32. A. reflecting nB. inquiring abutC. adapting tD. learning frm
33. A. relianceB. impressinC. impactD. pity
34. A. questinB. guessC. rule utD. figure ut
35. A. cureB. assessC. hnrD. meet
第二节(共10小题: 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Yuyu, as a famus female scientist f great ___36___ (achieve), was brn ___37___ Ningb, Zhejiang Prvince n 30 December 1930．And she ___38___ (graduate) frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. In 1967, she was chsen int a research team ___39___ was frmed by the gvernment in rder t discver a new treatment fr malaria (疟疾). Tu Yuyu first tried the medicine n herself, because she wanted ___40___ (make) sure that it was safe. Besides, she and her teammates examined ver 2,000 ld medical ___41___ (text), evaluated 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties (性质), and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. As a cmmitted and ___42___ (patience) scientist, she never acknwledged (承认) defeat whatever difficulty she met. After ___43___ (fail) t draw ut useful extract by biling the sweet wrmwd, she began even mre careful thinking and research wrk.
We can learn a lt frm Tu Yuyu — We shuld d smething useful fr peple. If we want t be ___44___ (success), we shuld keep n _____45_____ (wrk) hard with ur grup and never give up.
第四部分 写作+基础知识(共40分)
一、写作(15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jeremy来信询问你的寒假是怎样度过的。请给他回信, 内容包括：
1. 感谢他的来信；
2. 寒假持续时间；
3. 寒假主要活动。
注意:
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jeremy,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
二、基础知识(共25小题, 每小题1分)
一、根据汉语提示单词拼写
47. She fund nthing there t ________ (安慰) her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48. She _______(承认) having been cheated in the market. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. It is difficult t______(评估) the damage t this village. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
50. He sits dwn and______(分析) why she feels s upset. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
51. He paused,______(显然地) lst in thught staring at the bk. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
52. She______(坚持) that I g t the library with her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53. Althugh his wife is yung, she has made wnderful ______(科学的) discveries. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
54. It’s nt fair t_________________ me. It’s nt my fault.(责备) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
55. What impressed me mst was his ________(生动的) descriptin f what happened just nw. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56. Нe_________________ (使相信) me he was right. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57. T my amazement, his pinin is similar t mine in many________ (方面). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
58. Yu will be asked t fill in a frm with details f yur birth and_____ (职业). （根据汉语意思填空）
59. Dn’t give the baby meat t eat, because he can’t ________(消化) it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
60. Nw we'll be able t live in________(奢华)fr the rest f ur lives. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
61. T their relief, the rganizatin distributed fd and blankets t the earthquake ________ (受害者). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
62. The _________(茶壶) came with a stand t catch the drips f water. (根据汉语意思填空)
63. Textbk writing can be an intellectually _________(有益的) activity. (根据汉语意思填空)
64. When I gt there, she intrduced me t sme f her ________ (同事) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
65. I've been n an emtinal rller _________ (过山车) since I've been here. (根据汉语意思填空)
66. It’s knwn t us that smking d much damage t the_________(肺部) . (根据汉语意思填空)
67. There is an __________ (urge) need t take the victim t the hspital at nce. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. There is n ________ (deny) the fact that mre and mre plastic will cme int use in ur daily life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
69. While we’re develping agriculture and industry we must prevent earth __________(pllute). (所给词的适当形式填空)
70. T avid ___________ (punish), Jhn preferred nt t tell the truth that he brke the vase. (所给词的适当形式填空)
71. I appreciate her ___________ (devte) herself t the cause f educatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)