高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（讲义）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解高频词汇（讲义）（学生版），共39页。
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航4
\l "_Tc25540" 03核心精讲·题型突破5
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 攻坚克难——突破研究报告类高频词汇5
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】5
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精讲】6
\l "_Tc8693" 阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇（全部来自于高考研究报告文章的统计）6
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命题预测】8
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇9
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】9
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 10
\l "_Tc30219" 阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇10
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】11
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 13
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】13
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 15
阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 15
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 16
\l "_Tc29325" 考点四 融会贯通——通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 16
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 16
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 17
阅读理解记叙文中描写人物及作者态度的相关的高频词汇 \l "_Tc285" PAGEREF _Tc285 \h 18
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】22
\l "_Tc29325" 考点五 心领神会——熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语通晓命题规律 PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 23
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】23
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 24
熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语 \l "_Tc285" 24
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】32
\l "_Tc29325" 考点六 运筹帷幄——熟记常用有关文章出处的词汇33
阅读理解词汇
考点一 攻坚克难——突破研究报告类高频词汇
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
翻译背诵划线的单词
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
【难词背诵】
dcument n. 文件；文档 v. 记录；用文件证明 extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的
bidiversity n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性 detect v. 发现；查明；测
technlgy n. 科技；技术性机器 bservatin n. 观察；监视；评论
applicatin n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用
authr n. 作者；作家；发起人 assistant adj. 助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；助教
utnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多 specimen n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本
increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 bservatinal adj. 观察的，观测的
investigate v. 调查；研究
2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
【难词背诵】
statistician n. 统计学家，统计员 illustrate v. （用示例/图画等）说明；插图于…
experiment n. 实验；试用 v. 做实验；尝试 estimatin n. 评价，判断；估算
cnduct v. 进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导 independent adj. 独立的；公正的；无关联的；自立的
accurate adj. 正确的，精确的；精准的 capitalize vt. 估计…的价值；把…定为首都 vi. 利用 verestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价；对…估计过高 n. 过高的估计；过分的评价 vi. 估计过高；评价过高
underestimate vt. 低估；对…估计不足； n. 低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视
average adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均数；平均水平 v. 平均为；算出…的平均数
cancel v. 取消，终止；废除，注销 crrelated adj. 有相互关系的
accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性）；准确无误
英语阅读理解试题中的研究报告类文章总是出现在D篇或C篇，根据近几年的高考阅读理解文章看，它是整个卷中最难的部分，难的原因：1.长难词较多；2.词形转换的词比较多；3.涉及一词多义或熟词生义；4.缺乏背景知识，对整体文章理解不到位。所以，二轮复习的一个重要任务就是突破难点，提高阅读能力。二轮复习总结、熟记研究报告高频词汇就是一个有效的方法，力争高考前把较难的词汇烂熟于心，为高考考场做好充分准备，这就是有的放矢地备考。
阅读理解中研究报告类高频词汇（全部来自于高考研究报告文章的统计）
dcument n. 文件；文档 v. 记录 extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的 bidiversity n. 生物多样性
detect v. 发现；查明；测 technlgy n. 科技；技术性机器 bservatin n. 观察；监视；评论 applicatin n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用
authr n. 作者；作家；发起人 assistant adj. （用于头衔前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手
utnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多 specimen n. 样品；抽样；标本 increasingly adv. 不断增加地 bservatinal adj. 观察的，观测的 investigate v. 调查；研究statistician n. 统计学家，统计员 illustrate v. 说明；插图于… experiment n. 实验 v. 做实验 estimatin n. 评价，判断；估算 cnduct v. 进行，组织，实施；指挥；传导（热或电） independent adj. 独立的；无关联的
accurate adj. 精确的；精准的 capitalize vt. 估计…的价值；把…定为首都 vi. 利用
verestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价 underestimate vt. 对…估计不足average adj. 平均的；n. 平均数；平均水平 v. 平均为；算出…的平均数
cancel v. 取消，终止；废除，注销 crrelated adj. 有相互关系的 accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性）
twist vt. 搓，捻；连结，交结 vi. 扭动；旋转，转动 n. 丝线phenmenn n. 现象；杰出的人individual adj. 单独的；个人的；独特的 n. 个人；某种类型的人 significantly adv. 有重大意义地dminant adj. 占支配地位的；（基因）显性的respnse n. 答复；反应
ptential adj. 潜在的 n. 可能性 implicatin n. 含义；可能的影响reveal v. 揭示；展示
encunter v. 遭遇；偶遇 n. 偶遇eye-catching adj. 引人注目的feature n. 特征 v. 以…为特征imperfect adj. 有缺点的，不完美的datasets n. 数据集；资料组versampled 过度采样的
identificatin n. 识别；密切关联riginally adv. 起初，原来psychlgist n. 心理学家
tempt vt. 引诱，怂恿；吸引device n. 装置，器具；策略preschler n. 学龄前儿童
mechanism n. [生]机制，机能，[乐]机理；（机械）结构，机械装置[作用]，（故事的）结构；机械作用
dramatically adv. 戏剧地；显著地mismatch n. 错配，失谐prize n. 奖品v. 重视；撬动；竭力打探cnnectivity n. 连通性thughtful adj.缜密思考过的cnsumptin n. 消费，消耗量temptatin n. 诱惑，引诱；诱惑物effectively adv. 有效地balln n. （热）气球 v. 膨胀，激增relatively adv. 关系上地；相对地survey n. 调查 v.审察，测量submit v. 顺从；提交；主张；建议meaningful adj.有意义的interactin n. 互相影响；互动participant n. 参加者，参与者；关系者categry n. 种类；类别submissin n.服从；提交recgnize vt.认出；承认 vi. 确认distinguish v. 区分；辨别出randm adj. 随机的；任意的explanatin n. 解释；理由；阐述abnrmal adj. 反常的，不正常的abstract adj. 抽象的v. 写摘要academic adj. 学业的，学术的accelerate v. (使)加快，(使)加速accumulate v. 积累，积聚acquisitin n.获得，得到；获得物allergic adj. 过敏的alternative adj. 可供替代的 ambiguus adj. 模棱两可的；不明确的 apprpriately adv. 恰当地，合适地apprximately adv. 近似；大约budget n.预算v.谨慎花钱adj.花钱少的calculate vt.计算，预测；估计challenging adj. 具有挑战性的characteristic n.特征；特色adj.典型的circumstance n. 条件；环境；状况cincidence n. 巧合，巧事cmpensate v. 弥补，补偿；赔偿cmpnent n.成分；组成部分cntrversial adj.有争议的deliberately adv. 故意地，蓄意地discriminatin n. 歧视；辨别力eliminate vt. 清除；淘汰envirnmentally-related 与环境有关的fragment n. 碎片；片段influential adj. 有很大影响的ingredient n. 成分，食材；要素，因素integrate v. (使)合并，(使)结合maximum adj.最多的，最大极限的 n. 最大量，最大限度(反：minimum) verppulated adj. 人口过多的perceive v.理解；注意到permanent adj.长久的，永恒的ppularizatin n.通俗化，普及stimulate v. 刺激；激发；促进transfrmatin n. 转变，改观
（2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）（节选）In a study published in Persnality and Scial Psychlgy Bulletin, researchers fund that peple tend t turn dwn ffers f “free mney,” as well as unusually high salaries r suspiciusly cheap services, because they seem “t gd t be true.”
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent f participants ate a ckie ffered freely – cmpared with abut 20 percent f thse ffered $5 as well. Nine further experiments, invlving mre than 4,000 participants, used nline questinnaires t present ther scenaris. These included being ffered mney t accept a ride hme, extremely high cnstructin-jb wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain pint, higher ptential mnetary gain reduced participants’ likelihd f accepting the ffer.
The study lead authr Vnasch says it illustrates that cntrary t the “standard ecnmic mdel,” which suppses humans always seek t maximize gains, transactins need t als be understd as scial interactins between peple trying t understand each ther’s minds. If smene seems t break accepted rules, such as self-interest, withut any explanatin, we assume they have hidden mtives and infer there will be “phantm csts” – imagined cnsequences that reduce what Vnasch calls an ffer’s “psychlgical value.”
12．Accrding t paragraph 2, the experiments mainly fcus n peple’s .
A．Thinking methd.B．Decisin making.
C．Financial cnditin.D．Ptential ability.
13．Why des the authr mentin “standard ecnmic mdel”?
A．T explain the experiments further.B．T clarify a psychlgical cncept.
C．T prvide evidence fr the study.D．T express dubt n the experiments.
【难词背诵】
unusually adv. 非常；异乎寻常地；显著地；出奇suspiciusly adv.怀疑地；疑心很深地
participant n. 参加者，参与者questinnaires n. 调查表，问卷
scenaris n. [意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本surprisingly adv. 惊人地，出人意外地
mnetary adj. 货币的，金钱的；钱的；金融的likelihd n. 可能，可能性
maximize vt. 最大化；极为重视； vi. 达到最大值transactin n. 交易，业务，事务；办理，处理
interactin n.合作；互相影响；互动；交流，沟通assume v. 假设，认为
cnsequence n. 结果；重要性psychlgical value心理价值
考点二 攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇
1.（2024·北京卷）
翻译背诵划线的单词
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin? ” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
【难词背诵】
unknwable adj. 不能知道的，不可知的 simulatin n. 模仿，模拟；[生]，拟色；假装；装病inquiry n.调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究facilitate v. 促进；使便利
cmprehensin n. 理解力；充分了解；理解测试cnceptual adj. 观念的，概念的
metaphr n. 隐喻，暗喻；象征standard n. 标准adj. 标准的；合格的；一般的infrmatin n. 消息；数据；问讯处virtual reality虚拟现实
unsurprisingly adv. 不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地cmputatin n. 计算
effective adj. 有效的；实际的；起作用的insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
2.（2022·全国II卷）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
【难词背诵】
healthy adj. 健康的；健全的；大量的；有益于健康的efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
xygen n. 氧（气）flexible adj. 柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的
specialist n. 专家；专科医生frtunately adv. 幸好；幸运的是
midlife n. 中年enthusiastic adj. 非常感兴趣的，热心的vlunteer n.志愿者v. 主动提供（建议信息)
participant n. 参加者，参与者high-intensity高强度，强烈
guidance n. 指导；导航remarkable adj. 异常的；卓越的；显著的；非凡的
阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇
1.医学类
alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，恍惚的bacteria n.(复数)细菌
bandage n.绷带chrnic adj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的capsule n.胶囊vt.装入胶囊disable v.使...失去能力disrder n.杂乱,混乱 vt.扰乱discmfrt n.不适vt.使不适diagnse v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断dizzy adj，晕眩的vt.使困惑，使晕眩transplant vt.移植(器官)
prescribe vi.开药方 vt.规定,开处方vitamin n.维生素prtein adj.蛋白质的n.蛋白质xygen n.氧氧气sthe v.缓和，使..安静，安慰resistant adj.抵抗的n.抵抗者immune adj.免除的,免疫的n.免疫者syndrme n.综合征;典型表现，典型行为handicap n.障碍 vt.加障碍物surgen n.外科医生physician n.内科医生pregnancy n.怀孕
remedy n.治疗法,补救 vt.治疗stress n.压力v.强调vt. 强调strke n.中风;打击;vt.抚摸pill n.药丸 vt.服用药丸 tablet n.药片，片状物scar n.疤痕vt.&vi.使...有伤
qualify vt.取得资格vi.取得资格 undertake vt.从事,承担；负责 cardivascular adj. 心血管的
2.科普类
assign v.分配,指派 赋值digital adj.数字的,电子的dimensin n.容积n.范围;方面electrical adj.电的,电气科学的electrnic adj.电子的;电子操纵的ptical adj视觉的,光学的universal adj.通用的,宇宙的n.通用slar adj.太阳的,太阳能的slid adj.固体的n.固体,实心mechanical adj.机械的,呆板的precise adj.精确的,准确的,认真的lgical adj符合逻辑的psychlgical adj.心理(学)的phenmenn n.现象，非凡的人或事物element 成分,元素,基本原理bilgy n.生物学evlutin n.进化，发展，进展mathematics n.数学
frmula n.公式;adj.方程式的statistic n.统计数值carbn n.碳,灯芯,复写纸measurement n.测量,衡量,尺寸,大小 intelligence n.理解力，智力，情报graph n.图表v.用图表表示navigatin n.航行，航海，导航infinite adj.无限的,无穷的n.无限visual adj.视觉的n.可视化mnitr v. 监控 n. 监测仪器emissin n. 发出；排放（物）pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药sustainability n.持续性，永续性chemicals n. 化学药品transfrm v. 使改变形态radmap n. 路标frthcming adj. 即将到来的revlutin n. 革命；变革cmplicated adj.复杂的；难处理的understandable adj. 能懂的，可理解的accessible可进入/使用的infrmative adj. 提供信息的Artificial General Intelligence通用人工智能
sidelined v. 使退出比赛( sideline的过去式和过去分词 )；使下场（尤指由于受伤）；把…排除在核心之外；essential adj. 基本的；根本的 n. 必需品；基本知识tipping pint n. 卸载点；引爆点、临界点、量变到质变的分界点
structured thinking结构化思维abandned adj.废弃的
envirnmentally friendly环保的sustainable adj.可持续的dispse f丢弃
circumstance n．条件，环境
（2024·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体期中）D
An estimated 5.4 millin peple in the United States suffer frm Alzheimer’s disease, a number that is expected t grw as the Baby Bmers age. Even mre suffer frm ther frms f dementia (痴呆). T keep such patients’ minds engaged and give their caregivers at hme a break, dctrs ften refer them t day centers, where they can exercise, take part in activities, and receive prfessinal guidance r medicatin.
Recently, the Gerge G. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, a San Dieg nnprfit that perates several such facilities, has begun t create a very different srt f daytime space fr its patients: a fake twn f 24 buildings, arranged arund a central green and designed t evke the era when mst f tday’s dementia patients were yung adults. The hpe is that visual reminders f their yuth will spark memries and cnversatin.
Glenner Twn Square will be the first facility f its kind in the United States, accrding t Daniel Sewell, a prfessr f clinical psychiatry at UC San Dieg and an unpaid medical adviser n Glenner’s bard. While the prject is nvel, the apprach it reflects—knwn as reminiscence therapy (回忆疗法)—is cmmn in clinical practice. By using a variety f reminders such as phtgraphs and music, facilitatrs— including staff at Glenner—help dementia patients recall episdes frm decades past. Studies have fund that the therapy imprves bth cgnitive functin and quality f life; a fully immersive envirnment like Glenner Twn Square culd enhance these effects.
As dementia prgresses, memries f childhd and early adulthd tend t endure the lngest. “Graduatin frm high schl, cllege, the first jb, marriage, perhaps children—these are the milestnes, typically, in life,” Tarde, an administratr f the GergeG. Glenner Alzheimer’s Family Centers, said. “That 20-year perid seems t be where memries are the strngest.” Ask a persn with mid-stage dementia abut Jennifer Lawrence, and yu’ll prbably get a cnfused stare. But take ut a pht f actress Judy Garland, and a lively cnversatin may fllw.
8．Why d dctrs ften recmmend day centers t Alzheimer’s disease patients?
A．T make them calm dwn.B．T keep their minds active.
C．T help them make mre friends.D．T prevent them develping ther diseases.
9．What d we knw abut Glenner Twn Square?
A．It is a facility fr caregivers t take a rest.
B．It is an ancient twn fr patients t live in.
C．It is intended t refresh the patients’ memries.
D．It is inspired by the design f several ther facilities.
10．Which f the fllwing best describes the prject?
A．Safe.B．Flexible.C．Challenging.D．Prmising.
11．What des the last paragraph indicate?
A．Judy Garland and Jennifer Lawrence were famus administratrs.
B．Memries cncerning the earlier key mments are easier t recall.
C．Memries f all life stages can equally be applied in the treatment.
D．Alzheimer’s disease patients can have memries f 20 years at mst.
【难词背诵】
estimated adj. 估计的；预计的；估算的 v. 估计，评估engaged adj.忙碌的 v. 保证，约定；从事prfessinal guidance专业指导medicatin n.药剂；药物治疗；药物处理；加入药物nnprfit adj. 非盈利的facilities n. 工具；天资；特别装置；设备
evke v. 引起，唤起visual reminders视觉提醒
apprach v. 临近；处理 n. 方法，途径episde n. 一集，一节；插曲；（病症）发作期
therapy n. 治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力cgnitive functin认知功能
immersive adj. 拟真的；沉浸式虚拟现实的enhance v. 提高，增强；改进
endure v. 忍受；持续milestnes n. 重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑typically adv. 典型地；代表性地；通常administratr n. 管理者；有管理（或行政）才能的人
考点三 攻坚克难——熟记阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇
1.（2024·新高考I卷）
翻译背诵划线的单词
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
【难词背诵】
equally adv. 平等地，相等地；同样 mental aspect 心理方面
hypthesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindset n.观念模式，心态
engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣；预订 demnstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示
identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 available adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的
maximize vt. 最大化；[数学]解函数的最大值mental fcus心理焦点
reflectin n. 映像，倒影；体现；深思；描述assume v. 假设，认为；呈现；假装
2.（2023·新课标II卷）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
【难词背诵】
celebratin n. 庆典；庆祝；赞扬 representatin n. 表现；陈述
humanity n. 人类；人性；人道emphasize v. 强调；重视；使突出
prtray v. 扮演（角色）；描述；描绘；表现leisure n. 空闲时间；闲暇；悠闲；安逸
relate t 与...相关；涉及；谈到symblically adv. 象征性地
demnstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示intellect n. 智力，理解力；有才智的人；知识分子inexpensive adj. 不贵的，便宜的thrwaway adj. 脱口而出的；开玩笑的；用后丢弃的transfrm v. 使改变形态；使改观sculpture n. 雕刻作品；雕刻艺术
3.（2023·全国乙卷）In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
【难词背诵】
In additin t除…以外(还)miscmprehensin 误解
accidentally adv. 偶然地deliberately adv. 有意地；从容地；不慌不忙地pwerfully adv. 强大地，强烈地；有效地bject n. 物体；目标；v. 反对；提出…反对的理由literate adj. 有文化修养的；熟练的；通晓的accunt n. 账号；账单；解释；老主顾 v. 解释necessarily adv. 必要地；不可避免地cnversatin n. 交谈，谈话
阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇
1.社会生活类
allcate vt.分配assess v．评估；估算bankrupt adj.破产的bigraphy n．传记
bst v．提高；推动；使增长civilize v．使文明，开化cmprehensin n．理解cnsciusness n．意识；观念crdinatin n．协调celebrity n．名人
critically adv.批判性地depressed adj.萧条的discipline n．纪律
emergence n．兴起financial squeeze财政困难flurish v．繁荣
genuine adj.真的；真诚的initiative n．倡议，新方案mdify v．调整；修饰
pursuit n．追求；消遣spnsr n．赞助者 v．赞助tragedy n．悲剧
thrive v．旺盛，繁荣tend v．倾向dishnest adj.不诚实的vilent behaviurs暴力行为chas n. 混乱，杂乱mrality n. 道德；道德观mral virtues道德美德cruelty n. 残酷，虐待；不公humbleness n. 谦逊，粗鄙religin n. 宗教；教派；心爱的事物scial instincts社会本能cmmunity n. 社会（团体）mtivate vt.促动，激发，诱导；刺激behaviural patterns行为模式 efficient adj. 效率高的accmpany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴随advantageus adj. 有利的；有好处的self-discipline自我修养,自律capacity n.容量；才能 adj.无虚席的strengthen v. 巩固；加强；增强self-cntrl n.自控；自我克制
philsphy n. 哲学；哲学思想；生活信条
2.心理学类
minimalism n. 最低纲领，极保守行动intlerable adj.无法容忍的；难堪slitude n. 单独，孤独
aggressive adj.挑衅的；积极进取的cnceited adj.自负的，傲慢的 frustrate vt. 挫败；使受挫折
lnely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的stress n.压力；强调 v. 强调suspect v. 猜想，觉得；怀疑
bully v. 恐吓，威逼victim n. 受害者；牺牲品anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑；渴望 psychlgy n. 心理（学）；思想 psychlgist n. 心理学家self-esteem n. 自尊；自大；傲骨 suicidal thughts自杀念头neglect v. 疏忽 n. 忽略；怠慢empathy n. 移情作用；同感sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的respect n. 尊敬 v. 遵守assertiveness n. 魄力；自信supprtive adj. 支持的，拥护的，赞助的cmplex adj.复杂的 n. 复合体psychlgical prblem心理问题mental health心理健康scietal expectatins社会期望verwhelming adj. 势不可挡的cmpetitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的extracurricular adj.课外的deprivatin n. 剥夺；丧失；匮乏priritize vt. 按重要性排列；优先处理verbal abuse言语虐待scial exclusin n. 社会排斥cyberbullying网上欺凌ppularizatin n. 普及emtinal intelligence情绪misunderstand v. 误解mtivatin n. 动力；积极性stability n. 稳定；坚定，恒心
（2025·浙江省金华市高三上学期一模）（阅读C节选）Nthing special happened during that night. Rather, the big rle this htel plays in my memries can be explained by a psychlgical principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps t accunt fr ur tendency t remember the ending part f a sequence f events with far mre clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Pffenrth, a bipsychlgist.
She says it arises frm ur shrt-term memry’s inability t hld n t mre than a small amunt f infrmatin at nce. S while there is n magic frmula t create lvely travel memries, emplying the recency effect can turn a gd trip int an unfrgettable ne.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neurscientist, says that while yu can strategically set ff the recency effect at a trip’s end, yu may have multiple pprtunities t create lasting memries all alng the way by breaking it up int smaller chunks.
【难词背诵】
psychlgical principle心理原理recency effect近因效应
accunt fr 说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起a sequence f一系列的
clarity n. 清楚，明确；思路清晰bipsychlgist生物心理学家
inability n. 无能，无力；无才能；无能为力frmula n. 公式，方程式；方案，方法
unfrgettable adj. 难忘的；铭刻肺腑的Neurscientist[医]神经科学家：神经科学各分支专家 strategically adv. 战略上，战略性地multiple adj. 多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的
考点四 融会贯通——通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇
1．(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
【难词背诵】
extremely tired 极累grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 disappinted adj. 失望的，灰心的
2．（2021年6月浙江卷）Did Nielsen then feel cntent in his career? Yes and n. He was thrilled t be ding the cmedy that he always felt he shuld d, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense f curisity, wndering what new rle r challenge might be just arund the cmer. He never stpped wrking, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devtin t acting is wnderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin. He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life.
【难词背诵】
cntent adj.满意的；满足的 thrilled adj. 非常兴奋的；极为激动的 a sense f curisity好奇的感觉
inspiring adj. 启发灵感的successful adj. 成功的determinatin n. 决心；查明remarkable adj. 异常的；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的
3．（2021·新高考I卷B篇）
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr. Tittertn explained.
25. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring.B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding.D. Dangerus.
【难词背诵】
bring adj. 令人厌烦的，无聊的well-paid adj. 工资高的
demanding adj. 费时的；劳神的；苛刻的；要求很高的 dangerus adj. 危险的
高考阅读理解B篇往往选一篇记叙文，根据记叙文的特点，记叙文中往往有人物活动，因此熟记对描述人物或事件的词很有必要。另外，阅读理解的记叙文中的设题也往往有一个，描述人物特征或事件性质的题，此题也涉及这些重要的形容词。
阅读理解记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇
1.记叙文命题中题干和选项中常考的描述作者态度的词：
表示赞同+积极
acclaim 赞同，称赞cncerned关心的appreciatin 欣赏，感激
appreciative 感激的，欣赏的apprval 赞成，承认，正式批准apprving 赞成的cmpensatry 补偿的，赔偿的cnfident 自信的，有信心的defensive 为…而辩护desirable 值得拥有的，令人满意的enthusiastic 热情的，积极性的，狂热的enthusiasm热情，热心favrable 赞成的，有利的，赞许的frank坦白的，真诚的，直率的influential 有影响的mdest 谦虚的，适度的psitive 肯定的，积极的，实际的prfund意义深远的respectable可敬的，可观的，体面的satisfactin 满意，满足sthing镇静的，慰藉的supprtive支持的，支援的sympathy 同情，同情心，同感，赞同sympathetic 同情的talented 有才能的，有天赋的tlerance 宽容，容忍tlerant 宽容的，容忍的understanding 了解，认识，谅解admiring 赞赏的rewarding 有回报的instructive 有教育意义的cnsent同意impressed / impressive 留下深刻印象的humrus 幽默的
表示否定+消极
ambiguus 模棱两可的warning警告的，引以为戒的unwilling 不情愿的 = reluctant pessimistic悲观的= permissive depressed 沮丧的 = frustrated = glmy hesitancy 犹豫
hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的arrgant 傲慢的，自大的biased 有偏见的cnservative 保守的，守旧的cntempt 轻视，耻辱cntemptuus 轻视的detestatin 憎恶，厌恶disapprval 不赞成disgust 厌恶，反感dubtful 可疑的，怀疑的enraged 激怒的guilty 有罪的，内疚的harmful 有害的impulsive 冲动的，任性的indignatin 愤慨indulgence 沉溺，放纵insulted 受辱的，辱骂的misleading 令人误解的negative 否定的，消极的，阴性的bjectin 异议ppsitin反对
ppsed 反对的self-centered 以自我为中心的，自私的irnic讽刺的 = sarcastic = satiric
disappinted 失望的radical 激进的disapprval 不赞成hstile有敌意的undesirable 不受欢迎的，不合意的uneasy 心神不安的unwrthy 不值得的，无价值的wrried 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的cynical愤世嫉俗的arbitrary 武断的permissive悲观的
表示客观中立
factual 事实的detached 不含个人偏见的，客观的disinterested 无私的impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的neutral 中立的 = impersnal ambiguus 模棱两可的cnservative保守的bjective 客观的bjectiveness客观性unbiased 没有偏见的unprejudiced 公平的，无偏见的，没有成见的
主观词
cautius谨慎的cautiusness 谨慎，小心curisity 好奇，好奇心puzzled 困惑的，迷惑的subjective 主观的apprehensive 担心的intlerant不能容忍的，偏执的critical批评的，挑剔的，决定性的criticism 批评cmprmising 妥协的dissatisfied 不满意的infrmative 提供资讯的frmal 正式的infrmal 非正式的sensitive 敏感的discntent不满的
表怀疑不确定
dubius 怀疑的questining 质疑的uncertain 态度不明的unclear 不确定的skeptical 怀疑skepticism 怀疑suspicin 怀疑，猜疑questinable 可疑的
一般不选的词汇：（偶尔有例外，注意看题）
①表达歧视，偏见，不平等的词：
discriminatin歧视discriminated 歧视的prejudice偏见
prejudiced 偏见的bias 偏见biased 偏见的
unfair 不公平的，不公正的cntemptuus 轻蔑的，鄙视的，侮辱的scrnful 轻蔑的，鄙视的inequality 不平等cntemptible 令人轻视的，可轻视的
②表达冷漠，不关心，不感兴趣的词：
indifference 漠不关心indifferent 漠不关心的uninterested 不感兴趣的uncncerned 不关心的carefree 不关心的apathetic 冷漠的= impassive 冷漠的
③表示迷惑，不清楚的词：
uncertainty 不确定uncertain 不确定的puzzled 困惑的= cnfused ambiguus模棱两可的unclear不清楚的
④表达容忍，沉溺，放纵的词：
tlerant 容忍的tlerance 容忍indulgence 放纵，沉溺indulged 放纵的indulgent 放纵的permissive 放纵的
⑤表示情感态度过于强烈，过于否定，过于肯定的词：
sacrifice 牺牲sacrificial 牺牲的satiric 讽刺的enthusiastic 热情的strngly 强烈地，强有力的desperate绝望的cnceited 自负的destructive 破坏性的，毁灭性的mcking 嘲讽的
2.记叙文中描写人物的高频词：
able有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable适应性强的aggressive有进取心的alert机灵的ambitius有雄心壮志的analytical善于分析的apprehensive有理解力的argumentative好争辩的aspiring有志气的，有抱负的attractive有魅力的，有吸引力的bad-tempered 脾气暴的bigmuth多嘴多舌的bland冷漠的bssy 专横跋扈的
brave勇敢的brilliant有才气的，聪颖的capable有才能的
caring体贴的，有同情心的cheerful开朗的childish 幼稚的
cmical滑稽的cmpetent能胜任的cnfident有信心的
cnsiderate体贴的cnstructive建设性的cperative合作精神的curageus勇敢的，有胆量的creative富有创造力的cultured有教养的
dashing有一股子冲劲的demanding苛刻的determined坚决的devted有献身精神的dependable可靠的depressing沉闷的disciplined守纪律的dishnest不诚实的disrganized无组织的dutiful尽职的easy-ging随和的efficient有效率的energetic精力充沛的enthusiastic充满热情的expressive善于表达的faithful守信的，忠诚的frceful性格坚强的frgetful健忘的
frank直率的，真诚的friendly友好的funny有趣的，古怪的generus慷慨大方的，宽宏大量的gentle有礼貌的，绅士般的greedy 贪婪的hard-wrking勤劳的helpful助人的，有益的helpless无助的，没用的hnest诚实的humrus幽默的incnsiderate轻率的independent有主见的initiative 有首创精神的intellective有智力的inventive有发明才能的just 正直的kind-hearted好心的knwledgeable有见识的learned精通某学问的lyal忠心耿耿的
mean吝啬的methdical有方法的mdest谦虚的
mdy情绪化的mtivated目标明确的narrw-minded心胸狭窄nisy聒噪的bjective客观的pen-minded虚心的ptimistic乐观的rderly守纪律的riginal有独创性的utging外向友好的painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的passinate充满热情的pessimistic悲观的plite有礼貌的ppular受欢迎的practical实际的purpseful意志坚强的pushy有进取心的persnality有个性的人qualified合格的realistic实事求是的reasnable讲道理的reliable可信赖的respnsible负责的rmantic浪漫的，空想的self-cnscius自觉的selfish自私的
selfless \ unselfish无私的sensible明白事理的sensitive敏感的
sincere真诚的skeptical多疑的smart精明的
sciable好交际的spirited生气勃勃的steady踏实的，稳定的straightfrward老实的strict严格的supprtive助人的strng-willed意志坚强的sympathetic有同情心的thughtful体贴人的
talented有才能的，有天赋的tireless孜孜不倦的tlerant容忍的
virtuus善良的,道德高尚的trustful容易相信人的trustwrthy值得信任的understanding理解人的ungrateful不领情的upright正直的
sweet-tempered性情温和的
1.（2025·浙江省金华市高三上学期一模）（节选）The stry f the Frest f Immrtal Stries begins in 2019, when Cjcaru lst his wife t cancer. Cjcaru suffered cnstant depressin; as a slutin, his dctr tld him t walk in the cuntryside, 6,000 r mre steps a day.
Cjcaru had grwn up in Nucsara, but nly as he walked the hills did he ntice the trees: giant beeches (山毛榉), sme as ld as 500 years. Their beauty and strength revived him, and he felt as if they had adpted him.
4．Cjcaru's walk in the beech frest can be described as _________.
A．demandingB．healingC．adventurusD．rmantic
【难词背诵】
adventurus adj. 勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的 rmantic adj. 浪漫的；爱情的；多情的；n. 浪漫的人
demanding adj. 费时的；要求很高的healing n. 康复，复原 v. （使）愈合( heal的现在分词 )；治愈；（使）结束；较容易忍受
2.（2025·浙江省湖州、丽水、衢州三地市一模）
With the supprt f his mther, Charlie fund refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustratins and stress int mtivatin, imprving his skills t the pint where his talent vershadwed his cnditin. The bullying stpped, and his basketball career tk ff.
All alng the way, Charlie has cnsistently dedicated himself t helping thers. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spkespersn fr the Natinal Alpecia Areata Fundatin, and went n t establish the Charlie Villanueva Fundatin, an rganizatin aimed at supprting families with children suffering frm alpecia and stpping all frms f bullying. As the sn f immigrants frm the· Dminican Republic, he has even wrked twards ending pverty in that cuntry.
26．Which f the fllwing best describes Charlie?
A．Humble and respnsible.B．Strng-willed and helpful.
C．Innvative and generus.D．Gd-natured and tlerant.
【难词背诵】
humble adj. 谦逊的；简陋的 respnsible adj. 有责任的；引起…的；可靠的；责任重大的strng-willed adj. 意志坚强的，固执己见的helpful adj. 给予帮助的；有帮助的；有好处的
innvative adj. 革新的；创新的generus adj. 慷慨的；宽厚的；丰富的
tlerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的，忍受的gd-natured adj. 和善的；性格好的，脾气好的；温厚的
refuge n. 避难；避难所；[医]救急疗法frustratin n. 挫折；失败；挫败；失意
vershadw vt. 使失色；使阴暗；遮阴tk ff 起飞
cnsistently adv. 一贯地，坚持地，固守地dedicated adj. 专注的，投入的；献身的
immigrant n. （外来）移民；外侨
考点五 心领神会——熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语通晓命题规律
1.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）节选But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.B．Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C．Peple select digital texts randmly.D．Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
同义词替换是设置正确选项的重要手段，掌握了这个方法，能让你快速、准确地找到正确答案。大多数的阅读理解正确选项或题干都是采用同义句表达的手段进行改写的。本题中readers---peple treat ... lightly----nt s serius/less mental effrt
2.（2024·新课标II卷）节选We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm(BMF) shrtens it even mre.
What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A．It guarantees the variety f fd.B．It requires day-t-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D．It relies n farmer’s markets.
本题中cut the distance---reduce the jurney--shrtens it even mre cut--reduce/shrten
熟记常用同义替换词汇或短语
第一组
考点
目标要求
考题统计及展示
考情分析
研究报告类高频词汇
①熟记相关词汇；②有助于快速理解文章
（2024·新高考I卷）dcument n. 文件；（计算机）文档 v. 记录；用文件证明 extinct adj. 灭绝的；废除了的 bidiversity n. 生物多类状态，生物多样性 detect v. 发现；查明；测 technlgy n. 科技；技术性机器 bservatin n. 观察；监视；评论 applicatin n. 申请；请求；申请书；运用；生效；应用软件；勤奋；努力；涂抹；施用 authr n. 作者；作家；发起人 assistant adj. （用于头衔前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；店员；售货员；助教 utnumber vt. 数量多于；比…多 specimen n. 样品；范例；（化验的）抽样；标本 increasingly adv. 不断增加地；越来越多地 bservatinal adj. 观察的，观测的 investigate v. 调查；研究
从近三年高考试题来看，阅读理解的难度都比较大，涉及文章的题材多样，有应用文、记叙文、普通说明文，科普说明文，研究报告等。词汇的难度也有所增加。
体裁以说明文为主，记叙文和议论文为辅。文章要求考生能快速找到文章的细节信息、并就某些事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，要求学生能准确把握文章的主旨大意及作者的写作态度及意图。
预计在2025年高考阅读理解的难度将维持在2024年的水平。
阅读理解中医学、科普类高频词汇
①熟记医学、科普类词汇；②快速理解文章
（2024·北京卷）unknwable adj. 不能知道的，不可知的simulatin n. 模仿，模拟；[生]拟态，拟色；假装；装病inquiry n. 调查，审查；询问，质问，追究；探究facilitate v. 促进；使便利cmprehensin n. 理解力；充分了解；（听力或阅读）理解测试cnceptual adj. 观念的，概念的metaphr n. 隐喻，暗喻；象征standard n. 标准；军旗 adj. 标准的；合格的；一般的infrmatin n. 消息；数据；问讯处virtual reality虚拟现实unsurprisingly adv. 不出所料地；不出奇地；意料中地cmputatin n. 计算effective adj. 有效的；实际的；起作用的insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
阅读理解中社会生活、心理学类高频词汇
熟记相关词汇快速理解文章
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）equally adv. 平等地，相等地；同样 mental aspect 心理方面 hypthesis n. 假设，假说；[逻]前提 mindset n. 观念模式，思维倾向，心态 engaging adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 v. 雇佣(engage的ing形式)；预订 demnstrate v. 证明；说明；(游行)示威；演示 identical adj. 同一的；完全同样的，相同的 available adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的 maximize vt. 最大化，使（某事物）增至最大限度；极为重视；[数学]解函数的最大值；最大限度利用（某事物） vi. 尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值mental fcus心理焦点reflectin n. 映像，倒影；体现；深思；反射；描述；感想assume v. 假设，认为；呈现；假装
通晓阅读记叙文中描写人物及作者态度相关的高频词汇
熟记相关词汇快速理解文章
（(2021·新高考II卷之B篇)extremely tired 极累grateful adj. 感激的；表示感谢的 disappinted adj. 失望的，灰心的
（2021年6月浙江卷）cntent adj.满意的；满足的 thrilled adj. 非常兴奋的；极为激动的 a sense f curisity好奇的感觉
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的successful adj. 成功的determinatin n. 决心；决定；查明remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的
（2021·新高考I卷B篇）bring adj. 令人厌烦的，无聊的well-paid adj. 工资高的 demanding adj. 费时的；劳神的；苛刻的；要求很高的 dangerus adj. 危险的
1.跟…有关 be related t= be assciated with= be linked t= be cnnected with
2.多种多样 a variety f +n. /varieties f +n. =varius +n. =all kinds f=all srts f = diversities f
3.提前 in advance, ahead f time, ahead f schedule
4.厌烦 be tired/sick f=be bred with=be fed up with
5.区分 distinguish/tell A frm B
6.亲自 persnally, in persn
7.只有 nly, nbdy/nthing but
8.出版 cme ut, be published
9.尤其 particularly, in particular
10.锻炼 exercise, wrk ut
11.谋生 make/earn a living
12.代表 represent, stand fr, (be) n behalf f
13.结合 cmbine, mix sth.up
14.前进 advance, mve frward
15.舒适 cmfrtable, at ease
16.十年 decade, ten years
17.两周 frtnight, tw weeks
18.二十 scre, twenty
19.十二 dzen, twelve
20.成人 adult, grwn-up
21.删除 delete, cut ut
22.回答 answer, reply t
23.进入enter, cme/g int
24.雇用某人emply/hire sb, take sb n
25.移走 remve, take away
26.吸收 absrb, take in
27.与…一致 agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
28.缺席 be absent frm, be nt present at
29.收割 harvest, gather, get in
30.抵制 byctt, refuse t accept, resist, reject
31.与...相反/对立 cntradict, be ppsite t
32.放弃 abandn, g away frm, leave, give up
33.代替 replace, take the place f
34.背诵 recite, learn…by heart
35.害怕 fear, be afraid/scared f
36.退（学） quit, drp ut f (schl)
37.推迟 delay, pstpne, put ff
38.去拿来 fetch, g and bring back
39.相匹配 match, g with
40.精力充沛 energetic, full f energy
41.少数 a minrity f, a small number f
42.打扰 cause truble t, bther, disturb
43.描述 describe, give a descriptin f
44.后来 afterwards, after that, later n
45.目前 nwadays, at present, at the present time
46.取消 cancel, call ff
47.宣布 annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
48.逃跑 escape, run away
49.担心 wrry abut, be cncerned/anxius abut
50.提到 mentin, refer t, talk abut/f
51.展览 n shw/display/exhibitin
52.勇敢（去做） be brave t, have curage t
53.违法的 illegal, nt legal, against the law
54.满足需要 cater t/meet/satisfy the need
55.重力gravity, the pull f the earth
56.算出calculate, figure ut
57.与…不同differ frm, be different frm, vary frm…t…
58.高兴起来cheer up, becme happy
59.乱七八糟in a mess, in disrder
60.气喘吁吁breathless, ut f breath
61.做出决定determine, decide, make a decisin
62.对……有害d harm t, be harmful t
63.相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar t
64.低语，耳语whisper, speak in a lw vice
65.寻找，追求seek, lk/search/hunt fr
66.茫然，困惑at a lss, puzzled/cnfused
67.取笑，逗弄tease, make fun f, laugh at, amuse
68.提高，改善imprve, make/becme better
69.庆祝celebrate, hld a celebratin
70.长胖put n/gain weight, grw fat
71.熟悉knw…well, be familiar with
72.处理handle, settle, deal with, cpe with
73.到处everywhere, here and there
74.加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
75.保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
76.一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
77.挨饿，饿死starve, g hungry, die frm hunger
78.充当；起……的作用act as, serve as
79.榜样mdel, example
80.怒视glare at, lk at sth angrily
81.平静的calm, nt excited
82.抽象的abstract, nt specific
83.积极的active, nt passive
84.残酷地cruelly, withut mercy, mercilessly
85.复杂的cmplicated, nt simple, cmplex
86.人造的artificial, man-made
87.故意地deliberately, n purpse, purpsely
88.独自地alne, by neself
89.有危险in danger, at risk
90.占...比例accunt fr, make up
91.青少年adlescent, teenager
92.看医生g t see/cnsult a dctr
93.更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better
94.使生气anny sb, make sb angry
95.报道此事cver/reprt the event
96.很多a lt (f), a great deal (f)
97.影响交通hld up/blck traffic
98.澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear
99.可得到的be available, be easily gt
100.试验try ut, test
101.无论如何anyhw, in any way
102.在……后面behind, at the back f
103.无论什么whatever, n matter what
104.使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy
105.得出结论cnclude, draw a cnclusin
106.聪明的clever, bright, wise, smart
107.做报告give a presentatin/talk/speech
108.辍学，退学drp ut f/leave schl
109.出国g abrad, g t a freign cuntry
110.控告accuse sb f sth, charge sb with sth
111.置若罔闻turn a deaf ear t, refuse t listen t
112.使能做某事enable sb t d, make sb able t d
113.不理，忽视ignre, verlk, pay n attentin t
114.受欢迎的be ppular with, be well received (by...)
115.成功做某事manage t d sth, succeed in ding sth
116.把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
117.劝某人做 advise sb t d, try t persuade sb t d
118.方式，方法way, slutin, apprach, methd, means
119.信任，信赖 trust, believe, have cnfidence/faith in
120.制订计划make a plan, wrk ut a plan, draw up a plan
121.开始存在appear, cme int being, cme int existence
122.在农村，城市 in the cuntryside/city, rural/urban areas
123.除……之外besides, as well as, in additin t, apart frm
124.用...替换 replace…with, use…as an alternative t…
125.情况良好in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
126.可进入／接近的be accessible, be easy t enter/reach/use
127.再一次again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
128.对……全然不知be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
129.把某物分配给某人allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
130.认为think/believe that, hld the view that, argue/claim that
131.用完某物run ut f sth, lack sth, sth run ut, sth be used up
132.防...止疾病prtect…frm sickness, avid/prevent sickness
133.值得，应得deserve sth, be wrthy f sth, be wrth ding sth
134.反对be against, ppse, bject t, disagree with, disapprve f
135.老年人ld peple, the ld, senir citizens, the aged, the elderly
136.劝某人不要做 discurage sb frm ding, persuade sb nt t d
137.有机会使用／做have access t sth, have the chance f ding sth
138.充满 be full f, be filled with, be flded with, be crwded with
139.下降，减少 decline, cme/g dwn, drp, fall, decrease, reduce
140.突然笑/哭起来burst int laughter/tears, burst ut laughing/crying
141.告诉某人某事tell sb sth, infrm sb f sth, keep sb infrmed f sth
142.宁做A不做B d A rather than (ding) B, d A instead f (ding) B
143.对某人生气get angry with sb, get crss with sb, be annyed with sb
144.全世界all ver/arund the wrld, wrldwide, glbally, internatinally
145.吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal t sb, catch sb’s eye/attentin
146.优于，胜过have the advantage ver, have the edge ver, be better than
147.重要 cunt, matter, be imprtant, significant, vital, crucial/be f imprtance
148.致力于apply/bend/cmmit/devte neself t, be bent/cmmitted/devted t
149.旨在做aim/be aimed at ding, be designed/intended t d, be meant t d sth
150.偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/ accident/ cincidence, casually, ccasinally
151一…就… n ding; immediately, directly, instantly; the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant; as sn as, n sner…than, hardly/scarcely…when
第二组
1.away frm 除了…之外=aside frm=n tp f = ther than= in additin t= as well as except fr= except =but
2.by neself 靠自己，独自= (all) n ne’s wn= (all) alne fr neself 为自己
3.be in pssessin f…拥有=be pssessed f…= pssess…= take pssessin f
4.lk after…照顾= take care f… = care fr…= deal with… = attend t…
5.lk n/upn A as B 把A视为B=think f A as B=view A as B =see A as B =regard A as B = cnsider A as B
6.表示“阻止、防止、禁止”的动词都可以与frm连用
ban/ prhibit/ restrict/ restrain sb frm ding sth 禁止某人做某事
prevent/stp sb (frm) ding sth 阻止某人做某事=keep sb frm ding sth例外：frbid sb t d sth 禁止某人做某事
7.have a liking fr… 喜欢= like/lve/enjy…= be fnd f…
8.t be frank with yu, 坦白说/ 老实说= frankly speaking, …= t tell yu the truth,… = t be hnest (with yu), …
9.feel at ease感到轻松 =feel relaxed nt feel at ease 感到不安 =feel unease
10.lk ut fr…小心/注意…=watch ut fr…
11.by n means 决不，绝不= nt… by any means=nt…at all=nt …in the least=nt …in the slightest
=under n circumstances以上结构用于句首时，使用部分倒装的结构
12.burst int tears 突然大哭 =burst ut crying burst int laughter 突然大笑 =burst ut laughing
13.fr nthing 免费=fr free = free=withut payment
14.fr the time being目前= fr the present
15.see t it + that从句 务必确定…=make sure + that从句 =ensure that从句（其中that后接从句，大多使用一般时态、完成时态）
16.be tired frm +名词/代词/动名词（ding） 因…而疲劳/累be tired f +名词/代词/动名词（ding）对…厌倦
be sick and tired f +名词/代词/动名词（ding）对…厌倦 相当于be sick f与be tired f的结合，起到强大作用 相当于be bred with…或be fed up with…
17.lk dwn n/upn 轻视/瞧不起某人= despise/scrn/disdain
18.lk up t sb 尊敬某人= respect sb = hld sb in high esteem
19.make up fr… 为…补偿；弥补= cmpensate fr…（高考考过）
20.the rad t +名词 通往…之道= the key t +名词...的钥匙/答案
21.Hw’s it ging with yu? 你近来如何？=Hw are yu (ding)?
22. n purpse 故意地=deliberately =intentinally
23.be ut f wrk 失业/不上班=be ut f a jb=be unemplyed
24.n the dt一分不差地/准时=t the minute = exactly
25.by the minute 一分一秒地=minute by minute =each/every minute
26.in a minute 待会儿= in a secnd = in a mment
27.keep in tuch with 与…联络= keep in cntact with …=make cntact with… =cntact…
28.cme up with… 想出/提出…（答案，主意等）=figure ut…=hit n/upn= put frward
29.make sb ut t be 断言某人是…= think/maintain/assert that sb is
30.make ut 了解…= understand =take in
31.What d yu say t ding sth? 做…你让我如何？=Hw/What abut ding sth?
32.stuff A with B 以B填塞A= stuff B int A
33.fr all… 尽管…=despite… = in spite f…
34.be bund fr +地点名词 开往/驶往某地= head fr = leave fr = make fr =start fr =set ff/ut fr
35.be bund t + 名词 被绑在…上=be tied t= be fastened t= be attached t
36.prefer t d + rather than d 喜欢做…胜于做/而不喜欢做=prefer t d + instead f ding
37.fr gd 永远地；永久地=fr gd and all= frever = fr ever = fr ever and ever= eternally = permanently
38.wnder at 对…感到惊异=be amazed at
39.fr all I knw, … 就我所知，…=as far as I knw, …=s far as I knw, …= t my knwledge, …
= t my understanding, … be beynd ne’s understanding 超过某人是所能理解的范围
40.in the interest f 对…有利的=fr the benefit f
41.be in cperatin with 与…合作cperate with 与…合作
42.put…int practice 将…付诸实施/施行= put…int actin= carry ut…put…in/int practice 将…付诸实行
in practice 实际上= =in reality
43.put aside… 存（钱等）=set aside… =save…
44.A get acquainted with B A与B认识= A make B’s acquaintance acquaint vt.使认识
45.buy sth fr +钱 用多少钱买某物=buy sth at the cst/price/rate f +钱 以某价格买某物=pay钱 fr sth
buy sth fr sb 买某物给某人（高考英语考过）= buy sb sth
46.be abve ding sth 不愿意/不屑于…= be unwilling t d sth=be reluctantly
47.keep up with 跟上/赶上；与…并驾齐驱=keep pace with=keep abreast f
48.industrius 勤奋的=hardwrking =diligent
49.be secnd t nne 不亚于任何人/物，= be the best=have n peer/rival/equal=be withut ne’s peer
无人能出其右，没有敌手be secnd t +名词/代词 仅次于…
50.all f a sudden 突然；忽然= all at nce = suddenly =sharply= ut f the blue= withut warning
51.cheat n sb 对某人不忠=be nt faithful t sb
52. learn…by heart 将…背起来=memrize注：recite 指发声背出
53. g n with 继续从事=get n with =cntinue (with)
54. at ne’s leisure 在某人空闲/有空时=in ne’s free/spare time leisure 闲暇，空闲
55.cme acrss 无意间发现…= happen n =encunter
56.run int sb 与某人不期而遇；偶遇= bump int sb = encunter sb
57.cme t 苏醒；恢复知觉= cme arund = cme rund
58.by degree 渐渐地= little by little = gradually
59.be in charge f 负责…= be respnsible fr… 负责…（对…负责）= take respnsibility fr…（对/为…负责）
be respnsible t sb fr sth 对某人负责某事
60.because f 因为/由于=wing t =n accunt f = due t
61.bring n 导致/引起=bring abut = lead t = lead up t=cntribute t =cause= accunt fr=make fr=result in (result frm…起因于…)
62.withut result 没有成效= t n avail = in vain = fr nthing
63.with the cming f… 随着…的到来= with the appraching f…
64.n the cntrary 相反地= instead
65.at a strke 一口气；一次= withut stpping
66.with a view t ding sth 为了从事/为了做某事=with an eye t ding sth =fr the purpse f + ding sth
= in rder t d （可句首、句中）= s as t d （多用于句中）
67.the key t… 开启…的的钥匙/秘诀the slutin t sth …的解决方法the answer t sth …的答案
68.in place f 取代…=instead f
69.identify with… 同情…，认同…
70.be particular abut 对…挑剔= be picky abut= find fault with sb
71.be under repair 在修理中= be being repaired
72.inquire int 调查…= lk int = investigate
73.inquire after sb 问候某人的健康状况= ask fr sb
74.lk frward t +名词/代词/ding 期待…=expect t d= anticipate +名词/代词/ding
75.be keen n/abut… 热衷于…= be enthusiastic abut
76.be capable f ding sth 有能力做…= be able t d sth
77.t sme extent 就某种程度上来说= t sme degree = in a sense
78.t the end 到最后= t the bitter end
79.jke abut 对…开玩笑=make fun f=play jkes/a jke n sb= play tricks/a trick n sb
80.at heart 心地上，本质上=by nature
81.be bent n ding sth 一心想要做某事
= be determined t d sth
82.n/upn sth/ding sth, +主语+动词… 一…，就… =as sn as +主语+动词，+主句（主语+动词…）
83.be prud f 为…感到骄傲/自豪= take pride in = pride neself n
84.be typical f 是…的特征/写照= be characteristic f
85. tell A frm B 区别A于B的不同/差异= tell the difference between A and B=tell A and B apart
=distinguish A frm B
86.set up 建立=fund =establish
87.set abut (ding) sth 开始着手= set ut t d sth=begin/start t d =begin/start ding/sth
88.devte …t… 将…致力于/献身于…=dedicate …t…
89.apprve f… 赞同disapprve f… 反对/不赞成apprve （及物动词为“批准、核准”）
90.turn ut (t be) 结果是（系动词）=prve (t be)
91.turn up 出现，到达= shw up =arrive, appear
92.be free frm… 没有…/脱离…=be free f…= be withut…
93.be dressed in… 穿着…= have n…= be wearing…
94.be different frm 与…不同= differ frm be indifferent frm 对…漠不关心
95.play a big/an imprtant part in (ding) sth 在…方面扮演重要角色play a big/an imprtant rle in (ding) sth
96.be blivius f 忘却…=be frgetful f =frget…
97.d away with… 除去/摆脱…= get rid f…
98.put up with 容忍=tlerate =bear =stand=withstand
99.be famus fr +名词/代词/动名词 因…而出名=be knwn fr = be nted fr be ntrius fr 因…而恶名昭彰
100. keep t the rules 坚守规则= stick t the rules=cnfrm t the rules =cmply with the rules
101. be unaware f 不知道…= be uncnscius f
102. be cnfident f 对…有信心= have cnfidence in
103. be thankful t sb fr ding sth 因某事感激某人= be grateful t sb fr ding sth= be bliged t sb fr ding sth= be indebted t sb fr ding sth
104. be incapable f 无能力做某事=be unable t d
105. be senir sb by年 比某人年长…岁=be lder than sb by 年 be junir sb by年 比某人年幼…岁= be yunger than sb by年 prir t… 在…前= befre
106. by +时间 最迟不超过某时间= nt later than =befre
107. be fr sth 赞成 =be in favr f sthbe against 反对 =be ppsed t
108. be ppsed t (ding) sth 反对…=bject t (ding) sth =ppse (ding) sth
109. cme ff 发生，举行=cme abut= take place = happen = ccur
110. succeed t 继承= take ver = inherit
111. cnsist in 在于… = lie in
112. cnsist f 由…组成=be made up f =be cmpsed f
113. run after 追逐/追求…= chase be after sb = be chasing sb 追赶某人
114.be sensitive t （心理上）对…敏感be allergic t （生理上）对…敏感/过敏be sensible f 感觉到…的
=be aware f =be cnscius f 知道…
115. call n sb t d 呼吁/要求某人做某事=urge sb t d =ask sb t d
116. call sb dwn 责骂/责备某人=scld sb = tell sb ff
117. depend n 依赖/指望=rely n =cunt n =lk t sb = turn t sb都可以后接sb t d sth 指望/依赖某人去做某事，都可以后接fr sth depend n sb fr help 指望/求助于某人的帮助=lk t sb fr help=cunt n sb fr help=rely n sb fr help =turn t sb fr help
118. lk fr 寻找 =search/ hunt/ seek fr lk t 指望/依赖 lk t sb fr help 指望/依赖某人帮忙
119. with regard t 关于…=in regard t =with respect t =in respect f=cncerning =regarding=as t =abut, n
120. take A fr B 误将A当作B= mistake A fr B
121. call n sb 拜访某人= pay a visit t sb= pay sb a visit =visit call fr 需要…（主语多为sth）= require
122. call ff 取消 =cancel
123. be equal t 胜任=be cut ut fr =be cmpetent fr
124. get thrugh with 做完= be thrugh with = finish= be finished with = be dne with
125. fr ages 好长一段时间=fr a lng time
126. fr the time being 目前=fr the present
127. live a …life 过着…的生活=lead a…life = have a …life
128. be in high spirits 心情很好=be in gd md=be in gd humr
be in lw spirits 心情很差=be in a bad md=be in a bad humr
129. be thrugh sth 经历某事= experience sth =underg sth =g thrugh sth
130. in detail 详细地= at length
131. stand fr 代表/表示=represent=be n behalf f=symblize
132. present sb with sth 赠与某物给某人=present sth t sb
133. prvide sb with sth 提供某物给某人= prvide sth fr sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth t sb=affrd sb sth
=affrd sth t sb
134. be brught up 被抚养长大= be raised= be reared bring up = raise 将某人抚养长大
135. agree with sb 和某人看法相同= see eye t eye with sb
136. attend t 对…专注= pay attentin t= be attentive t
137. take n 带有/呈现出…= assume
138. take after 和…相像=resemble
139. make fun f 取笑…= tease
140. brush…aside 忽视/漠视=ignre
141. brush up n 复习=g ver =review =revise
142. hpe fr sth 期待/希望…=wish fr =lng fr = desire
143. g with 与…相配=match
144. turn dwn 拒绝=reject =refuse
145. keep ff… 远离…；不让…接近=stay away frm
146. by accident 不经意间；无意地；偶然地=by chance =accidentally =unexpectedly
147. take …ff…. 将…从…取下来 take …ut f… 把…拿出来从…= take …frm…
148. blame sb fr sth 因为…责怪某人；把某事归罪于某人身上= blame sth n sb=lay/ place/ put the blame n sb fr sth
149. talk sb int ding sth 说服某人做某事=persuade sb t d sth
150. talk sb ut f ding sth 说服某人不要做某事=persuade sb nt t d sth=dissuade sb frm ding sth
1.（2025·湖北省高中名校联盟第二次联合测评）When Mammla and Ficetla went t an eclgy cnference in 2021, they met a scientist with an unusual cmplaint. Jennifer Andersn, an expert in aquatic fungi(水生真菌), said that the subject f her research was nt available in emji(表情符号) frm. “If yu are ding the imprtant wrk f trying t save whales, yu can use pictures r images t help yu cmmunicate this,” said Andersn. “If yu are wrking t save the aquatic fungi, yu first must let peple knw that they exist, and then describe in wrds what they lk like.”
What did Andersn cmplain abut?
A．Lack f available emjis fr aquatic fungi.
B．Peple’s disinterest in studying aquatic fungi.
C．Peple’s unwillingness t save aquatic fungi.
D．Difficulty in describing aquatic fungi in wrds.
本题中题干中的cmplain源自cmplaint，选项Lack f---原文nt available
2.（2025·河南省三门峡市期中）When Sarah Wishnia received an iPad frm her daughter, she didn’t even knw hw t pen the thing. Max Rsenblum shwed her hw t scialize n Facebk and hw t shp n Amazn with her new device.
What happened t Sarah when she received the iPad frm her daughter?
A．She had n interest in pening it.B．She had n idea hw t use it.
C．She felt quite disappinted with it.D．She shwed it t Max Rsenblum.
本题中正确选项中的had n idea=didn’t even knw hw t pen the thing=hw t use it此处打开iPad就是使用它。
考点六 运筹帷幄——熟记常用有关文章出处的词汇
常用有关文章体裁的词汇
1.stry故事
2.nvel/fictin小说science nvel/fictin科幻小说
3.fable寓言
4.fairy tale童话；神话
6.advertisement/Ad 广告
8.leaflet传单；小册子
9.website/web page网页 link (链接) , click(点击) , hit(点击),dwnlad(下载) ,bk here(点击这里 )
An fficial website官方网站A travel website旅游网站an instructive website有教育意义的网站
10.magazine杂志
travel magazine旅游杂志gegraphy magazine地理杂志art magazine艺术杂志science magazine科学杂志illustrated magazine插图杂志financial magazine金融杂志
11.newspaper报纸business newspaper商业报纸
12.reprt报告
science reprt科学报告medical reprt医学报告fficial reprt官方报告research reprt研究报告news reprt新闻报道
13.jurnal日记，日志
A travel jurnal旅行杂志
14.A guidebk旅游指南
travel guidebk旅行指南A guide bk一本指南exhibitin guidebk展览指南A prgram guide一个程序指南
15.brchure 小册子；手册
A training brchure培训手册A travel brchure旅行手册
16.review评论
A bk reviewA literature review书评A film review电影评论
17.article文章；论文
academic article学术文章research article研究文章18.essay论说文；论文
19.bigraphy传记
20.lecture讲座
21.A clumn intrductin专栏介绍
22.A recipe bk食谱书
23.entertainment 娱乐节目
24.gvernment dcument政府文献
25.curse plan课程计划
26.a club newsletter俱乐部通讯
27.encyclpedia百科全书
A gegraphical encyclpedia地理百科全书