高考英语二轮-阅读表达（讲义）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读表达（讲义）（学生版），共15页。学案主要包含了细节理解题3，主旨大意题6，推理判断题8，开放性题10等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
02 \l "_Tc18151" 思维导图·知识引航2
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究2
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 细节理解题3
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】3
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 4
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】5
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 主旨大意题6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 7
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】7
\l "_Tc29041" 考点三 推理判断题8
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】8
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 9
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
\l "_Tc29041" 考点四 开放性题10
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】10
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 12
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...12
01
考情透视･目标导航
阅读理解表达
02
思维导图･知识导航
阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查书面表达能力，同时，这类题目不但选材紧跟时代步伐，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，是一种不错的试题。
【备考策略】
（1）读懂题目，带问题阅读；
（2）快速通读全文，明确文章主旨大意；
（3）针对题目各个击破。就归纳总结具体信息类题目，应确保所查找信息点全面；词义、句意猜测类题目，
要联系前后文语境判断；观点、态度或写作意图类题目，应基于文章的整体内容作答；主旨要义以及推理题需视具体情况而定，有针对段落的命题，也有针对文章整体内容的命题。
（4）答语要简洁、准确。因为有词数要求，学生应学会转换表达方式，必要时可用单词代替短语，用非谓语代替从句，用构词法进行词性或词义转换。名言警句一般都简洁明了，可用来作答某些题目。
（5）做好作答后的检查，检查项包括作答内容是否与设问“对应”、作答词数是否符合题目要求、拼写（含大小写）、语法、标点等是否正确无误。
考点一 考查细节理解题
【2024北京卷】
Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drve the authr t push frward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the slutin by the adviser and the authr after thse repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【2023北京卷】
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40．Hw are habits built?

41．In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.

43．What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)

1、题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。
2、设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用 what , why , hw 等特殊疑问词进行提问。
3、答题技巧：解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
问题形式:
EQ \\ac(○,1) Why ..?回答形式:+ 名词性短语 (表示原因) ; T +动Because +句子 (表示原因) ; Because f词原形 (表示目的) ;ln rder t +动词原形(表目的)
②问题形式： What 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式： Hw （询问方式）回答形式： By ( ding )..；完整的句子。
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）
I had a great interest in researching the tpic f hw t imprve yur sense f directin, because my wn sense f directin is abslutely terrible. Take ging t the tilet in a restaurant, fr example. I can find my way there easily enugh because there are signs pinting me in the right directin. But getting back t my table is anther stry. After all, there are n helpful signs saying, “This is where yu were sitting less than five minutes ag”.
Hwever, rather than accept the situatin f myself frequently walking int cupbards and backtracking dwn dead ends, I’m determined t give my sense f directin a much-needed imprvement.
Nwadays, f curse, it’s easy t rely n GPS (全球卫星定位系统) t find yur way. But if yu really want t imprve yur sense f directin, it’s a gd idea t cunt n yurself.
Studying a map and memrizing the way befre yu set ut des have its benefits—nt least because the amunt f mental energy it requires means it’s mre likely t stick in yur mind. Lking at electrnic maps n a big screen—r even studying a paper map—als allws yu t get a sense f that all-imprtant bigger picture and hw everywhere fits tgether.
Paying full attentin is key, t. It’s imprtant t ntice what’s arund yu—in all directins. Instead f staring straight ahead, make sure yu lk up, dwn and behind yu as well. This will cme in particularly useful when yu’re n the return jurney—even if it’s just finding yur way back frm the tilet in a restaurant.
Try t relax when yu’re n unfamiliar grund. It’s all t easy t be anxius and afraid if yu imagine yu may be lst—but this sudden feeling f anxiety will nly prevent yu frm calmly wrking ut which way t g. Besides, getting lst is ne f the best ways t discver new places and add mre detail t that ever-grwing mental map—bth f which will help yu becme “directin smarter” in the lng term.
Finally, yur sense f directin is a use-it-r-lse-it skill. If yu nly stick t the ways yu already knw, it’s never ging t get any better. S, nw’s the time t start explring!
1．What prblem des the writer have accrding t the passage?

2．Accrding t the passage, what can we d t imprve the sense f directin?

3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, and then underline it and explain why.
T becme “directin smarter”, we need t stay calm instead f being anxius, s we must avid getting lst in all circumstances.

4．In additin t the ways mentined in the passage, what else can yu d t find yur ways in a new place? (In abut 40 wrds)

考点二 考查主旨大意题
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
_______________________________________________________
主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea f the passage? /What is the passage mainly abut? /What is the purpse f the writer’s writing the passage? /What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What des the writer want t tell us?
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
One ht August afternn, Deena Hagland and her sn Je sat n a flating platfrm at Dlphins Plus, a marine center in Key Larg, Flrida. Nearby, a large dlphin circled, ccasinally lifting its head thrugh the water t bserve them. Suddenly, the dlphin threw water n them. Three-year-ld Je, wh had a strke (中风) six weeks earlier, smiled and laughed fr the first time since.
Je was brn with a rare heart cnditin and spent much f his first three years in hspitals. After several heart surgeries, the last ne led t a strke, which left him uncnscius fr eight days. As a result, he lst mvement n ne side f his bdy and culdn’t see ut f ne eye. Feeling hpeless and deeply saddened, Je became despndent and lst interest in everything, even his favrite tys. Dctrs suggested placing him in a full-time rehabilitatin center.
Deena refused and decided t try dlphin-assisted therapy. She called Dlphins Plus and gt permissin t bring Je. T the surprise f Llyd Brgas, the wner, Deena arrived with Je minutes after the call. Brgas was unsure abut the wisdm f his genersity but led them t a platfrm where Je met Fnzie, a playful dlphin.
Je’s reactin t Fnzie was psitive, and Deena brught him back daily. Je slwly began t recver frm his depressin. With each visit, he regained sme mvement n his left side. Trainers encuraged Je t swim with Fnzie, and by mid-September, he was swimming with his new friend. Trainers challenged Je t feed Fnzie with his left hand, helping him regain strength. Over the next tw years, Je fully recvered.
Nw a healthy teenager, Je frequently visits Fnzie and helps his parents with Island Dlphin Care, a prgram Deena started t help ther special-needs children. The prgram has been successful, helping many children and their families. Deena emphasizes that while dlphins have n special healing pwers, the jy and laughter they bring t children can feel magical.
4．What is the main idea f Paragraph 4? (n mre than 10 wrds)

考点三 考查推理表达题
（2024·北京海淀·二模）Hw Gratitude Makes Yu Happier
Chsing t be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way t bst yur happiness. We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these.
Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. When peple are thankful, they’re mre likely t exercise, eat better, and take care f their health. Much evidence pints t lwer stress, reduced pain and imprved immune systems as a result f being thankful. Even better bld pressure and psitive effects n the heart have been linked t gratitude.
Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances psitive emtins and makes us mre ptimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurtransmitters like dpamine, which we assciate with pleasure, and sertnin, which regulates ur md. It als prmtes feelings like trust and genersity, which are induced by xytcin, a hrmne released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is smething we need t exercise mre ften. One way is t learn frm the Scandinavians, wh, the UN’s Wrld Happiness Reprt suggests, are the happiest peple in the wrld. It’s wrth pausing t think abut why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value.
S, take sme time t be thankful. It can impact yur happiness and enhance many aspects f yur life.
15．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value.
要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻
辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2．设问形式：
① What ' s the purpse f the text ?
② Fr what purpse des the authr mentin .. in Paragraph
③ What des the authr really mean by saying
④ What kind f attitude des the authr have twards
⑤ What des ... imply ?
⑥ What can we learn frm the text ?
3．答题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以么全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
What is the httest tpic at yur schl recently? In a high schl in ur city, it’s making mney.
The schl held an activity called “Making Mney” last weekend. Abut 200 Junir 1 and Junir 2 students were divided int 30 teams. They went ut t make mney by selling things. What did they chse t sell? Sme sld newspapers; sme chse bttled water; sme sld envirnmentally friendly shpping bags and bamb baskets.
Hu Qing’s team decided t sell sme useful bks in frnt f the Children Activity Center. They thught parents wuld like t buy the bks fr their children. But unfrtunately, they met urban management fficers. The fficers asked them t leave. “We played hide-and-seek with the fficers fr the whle mrning,” said Hu. “Finally we had t give up.”
Wang Bing and her team sld ice cream in a square. They didn’t meet any fficers. But few peple were interested in what they were selling. The team then put up a bard saying “Fr Cuntry Kids”. It wrked. Mre peple came t their stall (小摊). An ld lady even gave them 100 yuan. “She didn’t want any change. She said she wanted t help the children,” said Wang. “We were tuched.” Later that day they gave the 100 yuan and mre t the “Charity Organizatin” ffice. They felt prud that they did a bit f fundraising.
Meng Zhaxiang and his team were luckier. They sld all their cakes in fur hurs, spending 39.5 yuan and getting back 80 yuan. They made 40.5 yuan. “It was nt easy t make the mney,” said Meng. “Sme peple just lked. Others just tasted but didn’t buy. Nw I knw hw hard it is fr ur parents t make the mney we need t lead a happy life.”
S every jb has its share f frustratin and challenges; t d well yu must learn t deal with it.
4．What is the purpse f hlding the activity?（N mre than 15 wrds）

考点四 考查开放向问答题
要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
【2024北京卷】
Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
43. Frm this stry, what can yu learn abut “independence”? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【2023北京卷】
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
43．What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)

要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
（2024·北京西城·二模）
Fur Clmbian children survived a plane crash nly t be lst deep in the Amazn rainfrest fr well ver a mnth. This is hw they survived this hrrifying situatin.
It’s mst peple’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash nly t be trapped in a jungle with n way f cntacting the utside wrld. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and fur, as well as an 11-mnth-ld baby, were flying with their mther frm their village in the Amazn t visit their father in San Jsé del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna n which they were flying experienced engine prblems and disappeared n May 1, 2023.
Bad weather prevented the army frm finding the crash site fr tw weeks, where they then fund the dead bdies f three adults, including the children’s mther. Hw did these children survive cnditins that wuld be an unimaginable struggle fr mst adults? They are members f the Huitt Indigenus grup and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding f the rainfrest. They knw which fruits are safe t eat and which plants shuld be avided.
Wrking with, rather than against, the Amazn, they survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane. While the children gt n with the business f surviving, the Clmbian army wrked with Indigenus vlunteers t find them. After 40 days f searching, the children were fund and taken t recver at a military hspital in Bgta.
While many arund the wrld have taken this survival stry t be a miracle, thers pint ut that it is the result f an ancient and intimate knwledge f the rainfrest that has been passed dwn thrugh Indigenus cmmunities ver the generatins. Indigenus tribes have a clse relatinship t the Amazn, marked by a deep respect fr the frest that prvides them with shelter and nutritius ingredients. It is their clse cnnectin t and understanding f the rainfrest that undubtedly helped the children t survive.
4．What lessn can yu learn frm the stry? (In abut 40 wrds)

年份
主题
语境
体裁
词数
话题
考点分布
细节表达
推断
表达
主旨表达
开放表达
2024
人与自我
记叙文
268
追求科学研究的独立过程中成长的故事
3
0
0
1
2023
人与社会
记叙文
280
习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
3
0
0
1
2022
人与社会
记叙文
286
发明一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料
3
0
0
1
2021
人与社会
说明文
322
解决争执减情绪负担
3
0
0
1