高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（学生版)

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（学生版)，共29页。学案主要包含了2024全国甲卷，2024新课标Ⅰ卷，2024北京卷，2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷，2023年全国甲卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
历年考情
高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。
命题规律
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
考向预测
预测2025年高考阅读理解议论文可能会出现且会继续考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力， 对文章信息的判断能力以及对文章的整体感知能力。
【2024全国甲卷】“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
12. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
13. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
15. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
When mst parents f yung children tday were grwing up, scial media was nt as hugely cmmn as it is tday if it existed at all. A lt f us even remember the days f being pen pals, sending paper letters with actual stamps. The fact remains that in the infrmatin age, these platfrms are a huge part f daily life fr everyne. Hwever, the questin is, hw yung is t yung fr scial media?
While mst scial media platfrms require that members are f a certain age, that desn’t always mean that the child is really ready fr what the wrld f scial media has t ffer. Fr example, Snapchat requires that users be at least 13 years ld, but are 13-year-lds ready fr Snapchat?
A lt f research has been dne t try t understand when the right time is fr scial media. It can be cmpared t the debate f when t allw a child t have their first cell phne. The tw are actually clsely cnnected with each ther.
A recent study published in Cmputers in Human Behavir shws that fr the 750 middle schlers in the Nrtheastern US, a majrity f them wh jined scial media under the age f 10 had many prblems. It shwed that students spent extended amunts f time visiting websites that were nt apprved fr them t visit.
Similar t Snapchat, ther scial media giants require users t be at least 13 years ld t jin, but it is pretty bvius t fake this infrmatin. The study’s lead authr Linda Charmaraman shared, “Scial media sites all require a minimum age f 13 t register, but the reality is that many users are yunger than that: One-third f ur sample had already started using scial media at age 11 r 12 and anther ne-third had begun at age 10 r yunger.”
Dr. Charmaraman cntinued, “This study helps us understand the risks and benefits fr kids, s that parents and plicymakers can make decisins that priritize their well-being. These findings suggest that the industry-based minimum age f 13 fr scial media users may ptentially be a gd standard, if it can be enfrced.”
33．What d we knw abut mst parents tday when they were yung?
A．They cmmunicated by writing letters.
B．They were t yung t use scial media.
C．They were addicted t surfing the Internet.
D．They used t send emails t their pen friends.
34．What des Linda Charmaraman’s study shw?
A．Scial media giants are reliable enugh fr the yung.
B．Kids use scial media withut their parents’ mnitring.
C．Scial media may nt practice 13 as minimum registering age.
D．Many scial media users ften visit websites nt apprved fr them.
35．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A gd standard.B．The minimum age f 13．
C．Dr. Charmaraman’s study.D．Kids’ well-being.
36．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Why Shuldn’t Yung Children Use Scial Media?
B．Shuld Yung Children Be Allwed n Scial Media?
C．Hw Shuld Yung Children Be Guided n Scial Media?
D．What Is the Right Age t Allw a Child t Be n Scial Media?

Passage（1）
【2025届贵州新高考高端精品模拟信息卷】The landline (座机) was an impressive presence in the huse where I grew up. On the rare and alarming ccasins when it rang, there was an inflexible plite sentence fr answering: “Sittingburne 981, wh is speaking, please?”
The phne bth was and wasn`t an instrument f cmmunicatin. The ccasins fr its use were clearly defined — and randm chatting wasn’t ne f them. Its situatin in the frnt hail, frm where every wrd culd be heard thrughut the huse, was an effective slutin t the endless cnversatins that are (r were) the favurite ccupatin f teenagers.
Later mbile phnes appeared. Nw nly 47 per cent f husehlds have a hme phne. Times are changing, and the message frm the advcates f digital technlgy is that we shuld change with them. In many ways this is a reasnable prpsitin. My smartphne can tell me hw t get frm ne place t anther, answer questins abut unknwn 19th-century artists r medical symptms.
Hwever, when it cmes t that mst basic functin f a telephne — talking t peple — my smartphne is rubbish. On mving int my new huse, in a village 50 miles frm the capital, I was unsurprised t discver almst n phne signal. In the ten days that it tk fr bradband (宽带) t be cnnected, I fund myself in the bush — the nly place where there was a bar f signal, trying t talk abut an urgency with a dctr. It was at nce blackly cmic and severely frustrating. I began t understand why my sn swerve (急转) phne calls in favur f messaging, scials and vice ntes.
Yet lng befre the appearance f telecmmunicatins, printing, r even writing, speech was the mst fundamental f human interactins. Talking n the phne r in persn is hard wrk, because it demands an ability t listen. Hwever, it almst certainly matters a lt. Nw phne calls are dying. The art f cnversatin may nt be far behind. Smartphnes are updating very quickly.
1．Why was the authr’s landline imprper fr randm chatting?
A．It was usually ccupied by teenagers.
B．It was mnitred by the grwn-ups at hme.
C．It culdn’t guarantee the privacy f the cnversatin.
D．It was nly allwed t be used in alarming ccasins.
2．What des the underlined wrd “prpsitin” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Suggestin.B．Plan.C．Explanatin.D．Slutin.
3．What makes the authr’s smartphne rubbish?
A．Occasinal breakdwns.B．Frequent pr signals.
C．Wrng cnnected bradband.D．Incmplete functinal system.
4．Which statement might the authr agree with?
A．The landline n lnger has its advantages.
B．The art f cnversatin is nwhere t be fund.
C．The yuth realize the imprtance f the landline.
D．The ability t have a phne cnversatin cunts.
Passage（2）
【重庆市拔尖强基联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考】Media literacy (素养) is finally getting sme late-arriving attentin. Whether it’s the increasing awareness f plitical disinfrmatin r the threat f AI, discussins abut media literacy are n the rise. The adptin f media literacy in the classrm, hwever, stagnates.
The driving frce fr prviding kids with media literacy skills ften gets lst in the mral panic ver technlgy and kids. Fear has verrun reasn, and peple can’t decide whether t blame scial media, mbile devices, tech cmpanies, r the Internet. They are cncerned with claims that technlgy and scial media are the causes f teenage mental health issues despite the weak assciatins. In respnse, t many slutins are “strich plicies (鸵鸟政策)” that want t ban devices and shut dwn scial media but dn’t address mre fundamental issues.
Plicies that set age limits n scial media access and restrict devices during schl t minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incmplete slutins. Scial media didn’t invent bullies (霸凌) r the enrmus effect f peer pressure. Scial media platfrms may be a new battlegrund, but they are nt the surce. Unfrtunately, many current plicies ignre the need t teach kids hw t manage these challenges. There is frighteningly little attentin paid t preparing kids t make gd decisins when they will, unavidably, get nline.
On the bright side, the rapid develpment f AI and increasing attentin t the amunt f misinfrmatin nline have helped nrmalize the acceptance f media literacy as a cre skill. While suggestins t limit inapprpriate device use, increase face-t-face scializatin, and engage in utdr play are beneficial, they d nt build the cre skills that will keep kids safe ffline and are fundamental t well-being and life success: gd citizenship, self-awareness and self-cntrl. Thse things take teaching, whether yu are nline r utside.
Media literacy is an essential life skill that, nce learned, can be applied t any cntent. While waiting fr public educatin t catch up, parents and educatrs can build media literacy skills at hme with numerus resurces, ranging frm family technlgy cntracts and discussin guides t easy activities that can be dne at hme with kids.
5．What des the underlined wrd “stagnates” in the first paragraph prbably mean?
A．Advances significantly.B．Cllapses abruptly.
C．Underperfrms substantially.D．Initiates fficially.
6．What factrs cntribute t peple’s mral panic ver technlgy and kids?
A．Widespread use f technlgy and scial media.
B．Inability t prvide kids with media literacy skills effectively.
C．Cncern abut the lack f parental cntrl ver tech devices.
D．Fear f the impact f technlgy n teenage mental health.
7．What des paragraph 3 f the text fcus n?
A．The imprtance f banning scial media.B．The shrtcmings f existing plicies.
C．The limitatins f scial media platfrms.D．The necessity f managing nline challenges.
8．Which f the fllwing belngs t media literacy?
A．Minimizing scial media usage.B．Evaluating media cntent critically.
C．Increasing in-persn interactins.D．Recgnizing the risks f scial media.
Passage（3）
【2025届广东省顺德区普通高中高三教学质量检测二】Nietzsche (尼采) was wrng: When yu gaze lng enugh int the abyss (深渊), the abyss des nt gaze back int yu. Instead, the csmic vid (黑洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When lking at the vast emptiness f the universe, there is a temptatin (诱惑) t lk at ur tiny wrld with nihilism. T feel that ur great achievements amunt t nthing. That ur histry fails t leave a mark. That ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.
I’m a csmlgist, the kind f scientist wh studies the rigin, histry and evlutin f the universe. I have spent years wrking t understand what csmic vids teach us. And in the curse f my studies, I have learned t reject that temptatin.
It’s true that Earth is neither large nr lng-lived, but that is nly ne way f measuring significance. Cmpared with the csmic vids, there is smething special happening n ur planet. Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe
The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.
Artists have lng understd the pwer f the vid. The 12th-century pet Saigy nted that the pauses between raindrps were as imprtant as the drps themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility f negative spaces, prclaiming, “Where there is nthing, everything is pssible.”
The universe wn’t d anything fr us except give us the freedm t exist. It is ur jb t fill the universe with meaning and purpse.
9．What des the underlined wrd “nihilism” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Hpe.B．Admiratin.C．Meaninglessness.D．Purpse
10．Why des the authr reject the temptatin?
A．He is a csmlgist wh believes science.
B．Earth is the nly place fr human experiences.
C．Human experiences differ frm thse in vids.
D．Earth is special because it is small and shrt-lived
11．What is the authr ding in paragraph 5?
A．Explaining hw vids in life ffer meaning.
B．Stating that vids in life shuld be avided.
C．Criticizing the rle f vids in universe and life.
D．Arguing vids shuld be filed fr mre meaning.
12．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T clarify Nietzsche’s philsphy.
B．T explre the unique significance f vids.
C．T reprt a scientific study f csmic vids.
D．T criticize passive views n human achievements.
Passage（4）
【北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期2月统练】In 1979, Archie Cchrane published an essay criticizing his fellw dctrs. “It is surely a great criticism f ur prfessin,” he wrte, “that we have nt rganized a critical summary, by specialty r subspecialty, adapted peridically, f all relevant randmized cntrlled trials. ” The idea f “rganizing a critical summary” may nt seem a grundbreaking cncept, yet Cchrane had struck at the heart f the matter.
The basic building blck f evidence in medicine is the randmized trial, as Cchrane understd. But sme trials are flawed, thers may have vanished frm the academic recrd, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hped-fr results. Even when trials are reprted, the mst rbust evidence cmes frm synthesizing them. Prper synthesis can turn incnclusive trials int a cnclusive result, yet t turn thse trials int a structured bdy f knwledge takes wrk.
In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers funded Cchrane, a nn-prfit nw listing ver 9, 000 systematic reviews. But in fields like educatin r plicing, the picture is less rsy. Educatin is arguably f cmparable imprtance t health fr any gvernment. Yet, the UK gvernment spends 18 times as much n research int health than it des n research int educatin - r, t put it anther way, educatin research is underfunded by 10 percent.
If anything, that paints t ptimistic a picture f research int scial plicy, because ther cuntries spend even less. And, perhaps, educatin research is prbably the best f the rest when it cmes t research funding. The Campbell Cllabratin, which aims t d fr scial plicy what Cchrane des fr medicine, basts just 231 systematic reviews - reflecting that scial plicy research enjys a fractin f the mney and attentin lavished n medicine.
Mre than a lack f spending, there’s a reluctance t supprt the infrastructure f systematic reviews, r t fund their updates int “living evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (Internatinal Initiative fr Impact Evaluatin), admired fr its Develpment Evidence Prtal, which struggles fr steady funding. The prtal culd run fr a year at less cst than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public gds tend by their nature t be underfunded.”
On the bright side, mre than f50mn f funding fr evidence synthesis was recently annunced. This mdest funding culd significantly cntribute t building an “evidence bank” fr plicymakers.
Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and plicymakers. Researchers fcus n specific interventins, while plicymakers address brader prblems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer plicymaker questins. Furthermre, evidence synthesis highlights “ knwn unknwns” - gaps in research that can be filled thrugh targeted funding, rather than mre studies f familiar tpics.
As Eleanr Chelimsky, ne f the 20th century’s great plicy evaluatrs explained, “I hped that synthesis culd dramatize, fr ur legislative users, nt nly what was, in fact, knwn, but als what was nt knwn.”
Dramatizing ur ignrance is ne f the mst valuable things an evidence review can d.
13．What was Archie Cchrane’s majr cncern?
A．Organizing medical summaries was seen as unwrthy.
B．Dctrs failed t put medical trials int summaries.
C．The medical prfessin received widespread criticism.
D．Medical trials were t flawed t be published.
14．What be inferred frm the passage?
A．Educatin shuld be the tp pririty in research funding.
B．Scial plicy research funding has increased significantly.
C．Systematic reviews help make research funding mre fcused.
D．The 3ie prtal was underfunded due t pr effectiveness evaluatin.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude twards “synthesis dramatizing the unknwn”?
A．Trn between.B．Radically ppse.
C．Cautius ptimism.D．Enthusiastic apprval.
16．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the article?
A．The Dwnfall f Systematic Reviews: Why They’re Outdated
B．Rethinking Systematic Reviews: A Call fr Brader Applicatin
C．Uncvering the Untld Stry: The Imprtance f Evidence Synthesis
D．Frm Criticism t Cllabratin: The Evlutin f Evidence Synthesis
Passage（5）
【江苏省常州高级中学2024-2025学年高三下学期期初质量调研】A recent survey fund children wuld rather be nline influencers (网红) than astrnauts. It made headlines and led t plenty f cmplaints abut “kids these days”. Is influencing a prmising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised n scial media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain incme, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.
Successful influencers will be the first t claim that anyne can make it in the industry. Hwever, scial media ecnmy experts uncvered a huge incme gap between successful influencers and everyne else. Fr mst peple trying t becme an influencer, their passin prjects f cntent creatin ften becme free wrk fr brands.
Mst influencers are self-emplyed, ften experiencing incnsistent incme and a lack f prtectin that cmes with lng-term emplyment. The risks f self-emplyment are increased in the influencer industry by an absence f industry standards and little pay transparency. Influencers are ften frced t assess their wn value and determine fees fr their wrk. As a result, cntent creatrs ften undervalue their wn creative labur, and many end up wrking fr free.
Influencers are als ften at the mercy f algrithms — the behind-the-scenes cmputer prgrams that determine which psts are shwn, in which rder, t users. Platfrms share little detail abut their algrithms, yet they finally determine wh and what gains visibility and influence n scial media. The threat f invisibility is a cnstant surce f insecurity fr influencers, wh are under cnstant pressure t feed platfrms with cntent. If they dn’t, they may be “punished” by the algrithm — having psts hidden r displayed lwer dwn n search results.
Cnstant nline presence leads t ne f the mst cmmn issues in the influencer industry: mental health cncerns. Influencers can cnnect t their platfrm wrkspaces and audience at any time f day r night, which can lead t them verwrking. Cupled with the fear f nline criticism, it cntributes t mental and physical health issues.
Althugh becming an influencer may lk appealing t mre and mre peple, the industry’s dark underside needs t be made visible and imprved thrugh enhanced emplyment regulatin and industry-led cultural change.
17．Which f the fllwing wrds cans replace “enticing” in Paragraph 1?
A．Imaginative.B．Similar.C．Attractive.D．Traditinal
18．What’s ne f the reasns fr influencers’ undervaluing their creative wrk?
A．Standardized prtectin.B．Invisibility f payment.
C．Assessment f wn wrk.D．Passin fr cntent creatin.
19．What may cause the influencers’ stress accrding t Paragraph 4?
A．Having t wrk ut the rder f psts t be displayed.
B．Finding it difficult t create new cntent cnstantly.
C．Having little knwledge f platfrm algrithms.
D．Being unequally punished by platfrms.
20．Why des the authr write this text?
A．T shw the dark side f wrking as an nline cntent creatr.
B．T reveal relatinships between platfrms and influencers.
C．T stress the imprtance f visibility in the nline wrld.
D．T describe the life f self-emplyed cntent creatrs.
Passage（6）
【山东省青岛市四区联考2024-2025学年高三上学期期末】Fr t lng, we’ve been living n the edge f burnut, with t-d lists grwing lnger, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s nt a secret that busyness has been wrn like a mark f hnr, while mments f dwn time are seen as unprductive. But if there’s n time t breathe r rm t think, hw are we able t cme up with new ideas, let alne carry them ut?
I didn’t realize hw deep-rted this lifestyle had becme fr me until I stepped int self-emplyment in 2023. Balancing busy perids with quieter nes unexpectedly brught anxiety and self-judgment instead f the anticipated relief t pause and reflect. Hwever, the tide is turning in the wrld f wrk: there’s a grwing pushback against nn-stp demands, and increased awareness abut the benefits — including imprved cncentratin, creativity and jb satisfactin-f ding ne thing at a time.
Accrding t Marc Za-Sanders, authr f Timebxing, multitasking is the attempt t attend t tw things at nce, fr example firing ff a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that yu may end up ding a pr jb f bth, and enjy neither. But it’s actually a little mre cmplex than this. If ne f the tasks is familiar t yu and desn’t demand t much f yu cgnitively (认知地), it may well be that yu can take n a secnd task at the same time. The main issue is thinking yu can d bth at nce fr thse tasks where yu can’t. This is bth unprductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adpted by all srts f typically high-achieving peple and a mark f status. But ur brains cannt cmplete tasks at the same time. They are cmpleted in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us ut mre quickly and making us less efficient. S, let’s bid farewell t the era f handling a hundred things at nce.
21．What’s peple’s cmmn view t busyness?
A．It is a way t generate new ideas.
B．It shws that peple are less prductive.
C．It reflects peple’s pr time-management.
D．It is a symbl f efficiency and excellence.
22．Hw des the authr feel after she became self-emplyed?
A．Relaxed.B．Panicked.C．Uneasy.D．Stress-free.
23．What can we learn abut multitasking frm paragraph 3?
A．It can reduce ur prductivity.B．It can weaken ur cgnitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and cncentrated.D．It is essential in tday’s fast-pace wrld.
24．What des the authr suggest in the passage?
A．Fllwing high-achieving peple.B．Wrking ne task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency f multitasking.D．Challenging ur brain capacity.
Passage（7）
【广西邕衡教育名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考试】Sme films shine brighter than thers. RaMell Rss’ “Nickel Bys,” a stirring cinematic adaptatin f Clsn Whitehead’s Pulitzer Prize-winning nvel, is plished t a remarkable brilliance. Its cnfidence cmes n like a stiff breeze n a sticky Suthern summer day, as it tells a bldly designed stry f tw Black kids named Elwd and Turner, living during the height f segregatin (种族隔离) in Flrida. Elwd is a smart, idealistic kid wh is wrngly sent t the abusive walls f Nickel Academy, a refrm schl fr bys, while Turner is the bright friend he makes in the dark passages f thse days.
Yur immersin int the film’s wrld begins early n. Frm its pening scene with clseups f fruit hanging high up in a tree, cigarette smke flating thrugh the air and hands shuffling cards, “Nickel Bys” makes yu feel like yu’re taking a glance int smene’s life. Yu’re getting a kid’s perspective f Christmas trees and decratins frm belw; sheets being put nt beds and laughter ringing in the air. The simple, jyful human mments at the beginning f the film are in sharp cntrast t the inhumane treatment shwn later n.
Rss achieves smething brilliant when he shws this first-persn pint f view frm Elwd’s perspective. It’s as if yu see thrugh his eyes, mving alng with him, but yu als hear his vice in cnversatins. This sn shifts when Turner makes his first appearance, and his perspective is als shwn thrughut the rest f the film. This chice is effective in making the viewer feel every cnversatin, every lss, every little mment. It als shws bth the bys’ very different attitudes tward whether the truth wuld win ut.
Sht with frequent shifts in perspective, “Nickel Bys” challenges the audience t see and feel the wrld thrugh Black eyes, demanding effrt and empathy. This isn’t a film that hlds yur hand, but rather ne that expects yu t meet it n its wn terms. Yet, as a clear masterpiece held tgether by visual splendr and distinctive perfrmances, it prves that this brave, hnest strytelling strategy is well wrth the reward.
25．What can we learn abut the film “Nickle Bys” frm the first paragraph?
A．It has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize.
B．Its setting reflects the reality f racism.
C．The stry happened during a ht summer.
D．Bth main characters were wrngly punished.
26．Why des RaMell Rss adpt shifting perspectives?
A．T highlight bth bys’ very different viewpints.
B．T avid fcusing t much n ne character’s stry.
C．T cnfuse the audience and challenge their understanding.
D．T shwcase the refrm schl’s effect n different students.
27．Which f the fllwing best describes the film?
A．Cheerful and realistic.B．Daring and immersive.
C．Heavy but inspiring.D．Heartwarming but challenging.
28．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．A film review.B．A bk intrductin.
C．A histrical analysis.D．An nline advertisement.
Passage（8）
【湖北省云学名校联盟2024-2025学年高三下学期2月联考】The next time yu’re feeling depressed r angry at the wrld, ask yurself if yu’ve really been dealt a pr hand — r if, just maybe, yu were expecting t much. That’s ne message that can be drawn frm a recent study n entitlement, a persnality trait characterized by exaggerated feelings f deservingness and superirity. Entitlement may lead t cnstant disappintment, say researchers frm Case Western Reserve University.
The authrs reached these cnclusins after analyzing mre than 170 academic papers. They fund that peple wh pssess high levels. f entitlement cnsistently fall victim t a three-part cycle: First, they dn’t always get everything they think they deserve, leaving them cnstantly vulnerable t unmet expectatins. Thse unmet expectatins are then perceived as injustices, leading t emtins like anger and sadness. Finally, t justify thse emtins, entitled peple reassure themselves f their wn specialness. This helps them feel better temprarily, but ultimately starts the prcess all ver again.
At extreme levels, entitled peple repeatedly expse themselves t the risk f feeling frustrated and disappinted with life. They als tend t suffer frm pr relatinships, interpersnal cnflicts, and depressin, says c-authr Julie Exline, PhD, a prfessr f psychlgical sciences at Case Western Reserve. “S much f entitlement is abut cmpetitin — being better r mre deserving than ther peple, ”she tld Health. cm. “It really sets in ppsitin t sciety, and it can be very islating. ”
“It’s nt easy fr true narcissists (自恋者) t see themselves fr what they are, r t change their way f thinking.” Exline says. But she des believe that, fr many well-intentined peple, feelings f entitlement can be cntrlled. “Cnditining yurself t think abut ther peple and what they deserve — and als being willing t admit yur wn faults and weaknesses — can help yu feel mre cnnected t thers, ” she says.
We shuld be als aware that nt all feelings f entitlement are wrng r bad: We shuldn’t just lwer ur standards r stp expecting things we truly d deserve, just s we can be happier. But if yu d ntice that yu’ve develped an verblwn sense f self — and it’s causing yu t be annyed r nt get alng with thers — yu can definitely try t d smething abut it.
29．What causes entitled peple t be trapped in a three-part cycle?
A．Cnsistent negative emtins.B．A strng sense f self-awareness.
C．Cnstant self-pity and helplessness.D．Unrealistic expectatins and frustratin.
30．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The reasn fr entitlement.B．The benefits f cmpetitin.
C．The negative effects f entitlement.D．The imprtance f cnnecting with thers.
31．What might be Exline’s suggestin fr entitled peple?
A．Change yur mindset t ne f cmpetitiveness.
B．Fcus n yur wn achievements and superirity.
C．Priritize persnal gals ver cnsidering thers’ needs.
D．Place yurself int thers’ psitin and reflect n yurself.
32．Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t entitlement?
A．Balanced.B．Critical.C．Supprtive.D．Tlerant.
Passage（9）
【2025届河南省安阳市高三上学期一模】Think abut the illegal screen (掩护) that was called against UCnn in the last secnds f the NCAA wmen’s semifinal game. But remember t apprach it withut an unreasnable dislike f r preference fr the team, gender cnsideratins, r the verall skill level f the players invlved. American basketball fans have cme t believe that at the end f clse games, we shuld “let the players decide the utcme”.
D the referees (裁判) actually stp themselves frm blwing their whistles at the end f clse games, r is it all just a miscnceptin? While I wuld like t believe that it is a miscnceptin, during my 31 years f caching high schl basketball, I have met quite a few game fficials wh practice that philsphy. T “let the players decide the utcme” means that the game wn’t be called as strictly as it is during ther parts f the match. Is that really what we want? I have a very clse knwledge f NFHS basketball rules, and have read NCAA basketball regulatins. But I have never seen any reference t calling the game differently in the clsing secnds f a tight cntest. Oftentimes, the game ends with the result that wuld happen n matter what. But if nt, wh gets punished? Mst ften, it’s the team that cntinues t play within the rules.
We need t abandn the belief that we shuld “let the players decide the utcme”. A ful (犯规) shuld be recgnized as a ful n matter what time in the game it ccurs — the first minute, the middle f the third quarter, r the final 10 secnds f a clse game. But again, it’s up t the referees t make sure that happens.
Officials are human, and they smetimes miss a call, such as a clse cntact that culd be interpreted as a blck r a charge. We have t remve the idea that what is a ful cmmitted in the third quarter is nt a ful in the last 10 secnds f a clse game. And we caches and spectatrs have t accept and expect that!
37．Why is the scene in a basketball game described in paragraph 1?
A．T lead in the tpic.B．T add backgrund infrmatin.
C．T hnr the cmpetitive players.D．T stress the imprtance f referees.
38．What is the cmmn miscnceptin amng basketball fans?
A．Referees have preferences fr certain teams.
B．Referees stp using their whistles in clse games.
C．The team playing within the rules will be the winner.
D．The caches have t much influence n the fficials’ decisins.
39．The authr mentins his experience as a high schl basketball cach t ______.
A．prve his expertise in basketball rules
B．illustrate the ppularity f a certain referee philsphy
C．criticize the pr perfrmance f fficials in high schl games
D．shw hw difficult it is t cach a high schl basketball team
40．What is the authr’s suggestin fr imprving the fairness f basketball games?
A．Increasing the number f fficials.
B．Allwing caches t challenge referees’ decisins.
C．Observing the rules cnsistently thrughut the game.
D．Carrying ut stricter punishment fr fuls in clse games.
Passage（1）
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
Passage（2）
【2024北京卷】The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
30. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is _________.
A. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
31. It is implied in this passage that we shuld _________.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D. turn simulatins f the universe int realities up.
Passage（3）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk (小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates (检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit — knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit (交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.
4. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A. T prmte the lcal culture.B. T discurage phne use.
C. T meet passengers’ needs.D. T reduce its running csts.
5. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
6. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.D. Its ridership will increase.
Passage（4）
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
Passage（5）
【2023年全国甲卷】 I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abur learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
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推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。
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