高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（D篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解（D篇）（核心考点精讲精练）（学生版），共63页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略， 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本资料注重培优，集中强化重点，突破难度，规避易混易错点，练习全部是26年新模拟题
1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：研究报告是说明文类中重要的一种形式，也是英语试题中最难的部分。是我们在培优中最应该突破的部分，因为一轮复习有时间攻坚克难。研究报告通常包括科普类、心理学类、语言类、宇宙探索类、社会交往类、人工智能类等，涉及的内容比较广泛。
2．从命题思路上看：
研究报告类说明文通常包括研究结果、研究方法、研究过程、结论阐述、专家评议。研究结果通常会考查主旨大意，关键找中心句，研究方法、研究过程通常考查细节理解和推理判断，专家评议通常考查情感态度、推理判断。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握研究报告说明文的文体特征。
2. 掌握研究报告说明文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领和选项规律。
3. 熟练掌握研究报告说明文常用的框架结构、说明顺序和说明方法是解题的关键所在，这样就能从整体着眼看清文章的脉络。
【命题预测】
预计2026年研究报告类说明文仍然是试卷中的难点。预想英语得高分成功突破研究报告是关键。问题设置主要以细节理解和推理判断为主，多出现态度观点题。
【必备基础知识】
科普研究类文本结构
总的结构：研究的问题，对象，内容----研究的方法，过程---研究的结果，发现
1. 提出问题----（各类观点/背景信息）----实验发现----解决问题
2. 现象----原因----进一步推进----如何做到----进一步推进----总结
3.结论--实验--总结
结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来。
命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？
干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有。
考生要注意：即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。
高考说明文阅读技巧
1. 把握首段/尾段/及段落主题句（段首句）
2. 通过每个段落主题句快速掌握文章结构
3. 把握关键词/并忽略无关紧要的修饰词
4. 耐心分析与解题相关的长难句
说明文阅读方法及解题技巧：
Step 1. 略读。在第一遍通读文章时，明确每段话的主题句，了解段落大意。（阅读过程中标记关键词：人名、专有名词、表结论/对比/因果等）
Step 2. 梳理段落主题句，掌握文章架构，体会作者写作目的及意图。
Step 3. 做题。仔细阅读题干，判断题目与文章各个段落的相关性，二次精读时将选项代入对应段落，继而得出答案。
把握说明方法，抓准关键词
在行文中，为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或把事理阐述明白，通常会用到下列说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。
对应的就会出现一些标志性的用词：find/discver/prve/indicate/state/stress/explain/shw/fr example/
fr instance/define/cmpare/cause
表示上下文逻辑关系的词
考点一 考查研究报告Findings/discveries--evidence(experiment, result)--cnclusin(applicatin/evaluatin)类
研究发现型：研究发现——研究过程(背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果...) —— 研究结论(前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...)
解题指导
1.基本规律：研究报告说明文一般难度都比较大，命题者设题的难度并不大。
2．实用解题方法：① 某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。
②有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。
③每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。
④某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。
⑤注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。
⑥注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
【文章的结构分析】
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
（2026·湖北省宜昌市高三上学期九月起点考试）Plastic has becme an essential part f mdern life, with arund 1 millin plastic water bttles sld every minute and 5 trillin plastic bags used wrldwide every year, accrding t the UN’s Envirnment Prgram. Half f all plastic prductin is designed fr single-use purpses, and the annual utput f ver 400 millin tns is prjected t reach 1,100 millin tns by 2050. This grwing muntain f waste has intensified public and regulatry demands fr imprved recycling.
Recycling plastic, hwever, is cmplex. Many items are dirty r made frm multiple layers, making traditinal methds ineffective. Cnsequently, ver 90% f plastic waste is buried, r deserted in nature. In respnse, frward-thinking cmpanies are investing in advanced recycling technlgies t turn waste int raw materials fr new plastic. Yet, this apprach has caused debates.
One cmmn methd, pyrlysis, invlves heating plastic waste t prduce il and synthetic gas, which pwers recycling plants. Hwever, the prcess releases harmful substances, raising cncerns abut its envirnmental impact. Critics argue that, rather than achieving a reductin in carbn emissins (排放), this methd might result in similar r even higher levels f emissins cmpared t the prductin f new plastic. Sme even accuse the industry f using advanced recycling as a way t justify cntinued plastic prductin. America’s Envirnmental Prtectin Agency has rejected this apprach, and Eurpean envirnmental grups share similar cncerns.
Despite these challenges, advanced recycling has ptential. Fr instance, Mura Technlgy in the UK claims its hydrthermal prcess prduces mre utput with lwer carbn emissins, while Australia’s Samsara Ec is develping enzyme-based methds that remve the need fr new il. These advancements culd make recycling mre efficient and envirnmentally friendly, helping t keep plastic in use rather than in landfills (填埋场).
While the debate arund advanced recycling cntinues, prgress is underway. Britain recently apprved a versin f the mass-balance apprach, and many EU member states are leaning twards acceptance. With further innvatin and investment, advanced recycling culd play a vital rle in addressing the glbal plastic waste crisis.
12．What d the figures in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．The difficulty f recycling.B．The severity f plastic waste.
C．The prspect f plastic gds.D．The ppularity f plastic items.
13．Why des advanced recycling meet with criticism?
A．It legalizes plastic prductin.B．It prduces mre plastic waste.
C．It des harm t recycling plants.D．It risks higher carbn emissins.
14．What can be inferred abut the innvatins in advanced recycling?
A．They ffer an alternative t new il.
B．They have wn ppularity in the west.
C．They hld prmise fr green recycling.
D．They guarantee a slutin t plastic waste.
15．What is the authr’s attitude twards advanced recycling?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Supprtive.
考点二 Prblem--study--analysis--cnclusin类研究报告
理解“问题-研究-分析-结论”（Prblem–Study-Analysis–Cnclusin）类研究报告文章并有效做题，关键在于把握文章的结构逻辑、识别关键信息、理解各部分的功能及其相互关系。
（2025年1月浙江卷）
As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. “Peple are steretyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered bjects in very traditinal ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanfrd assciate prfessr f rganizatinal behavir. Remving gender frm the picture altgether seems like a simple way t fix this. Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants t rate their attachment t male, female, and genderless versins f a digital vice assistant and a self-driving car knwn as “Miuu.” It was fund that gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them. Fr example, participants said they wuld be less likely t buy a genderless vice assistant than versins with male r female vices.
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity. The steretypes cmmnly assciated with men, such as cmpetitiveness and dminance, are mre valued than thse assciated with wmen. These qualities, in turn, are mapped nt prducts that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study als fund that creating a genderless bject was difficult. Fr instance, if an bject’s name was meant t sund genderless, like Miuu, participants wuld still assign a gender t it — they wuld assume Miuu was a “he” r “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, hwever: She believes that anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.” When wmen are put int psitins f leadership like running cmpanies, it reduces negative steretypes abut wmen. Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
【文章结构分析】
【长难句分析】
1.【原句】Yet as Martin has fund in her wrk, gender is ne f the fundamental ways peple frm cnnectins with bjects, particularly thse designed with human characteristics.
【译文】然而，正如马丁在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一，尤其是那些具有人类特征的设计。
【句子结构分析】as Martin has fund in her wrk是非限制性定语从句，peple frm cnnectins with bjects...是定语从句，修饰先行词ways。designed with human characteristics是过去分词短语作定语。
2.【原句】Similarly, anthrpmrphized prducts culd be created t take n steretype-incnsistent rles — a male rbt that assists with nursing r a female rbt that helps d calculatins, fr instance.
【译文】类似地，人类化的产品也可以被创造出来承担与刻板印象不一致的角色——例如，一个男性机器人帮助哺乳，或一个女性机器人帮助计算。
【句子结构分析】破折号后是同位语，同位语由并列连词r连接，that assists with nursing和 that helps d calculatins是定语从句。
32．What is the purpse f making new technlgies genderless?
A．T reduce steretypes.B．T meet public demand.
C．T cut prductin csts.D．T encurage cmpetitin.
33．What were the participants prbably asked t d in the study?
A．Design a prduct.B．Respnd t a survey.
C．Wrk as assistants.D．Take a language test.
34．Why is it difficult t create genderless bjects?
A．They cannt be mass-prduced.B．Naming them is a challenging task.
C．Peple assume they are unreliable.D．Gender is rted in peple’s mind.
35．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The quality f genderless prducts.B．The upside f gendering a prduct.
C．The meaning f anthrpmrphism.D．The steretypes f men and wmen.
（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Thrughut histry, trees have played a crucial rle in maintaining eclgical balance. They absrb CO2 and transfrm it int xygen. But ne f the challenges with this traditinal carbn absrptin is that the CO2 trees stre can be released back int the atmsphere when they die.
Hwever, the discvery f certain trees in Kenya adds a new dimensin t this natural prcess. These trees, als fund in several ther cuntries, have been bserved t transfrm CO2 int calcium xalate. Then bacteria (细菌) present in the trees and surrunding sil transfrm it further int calcium carbnate (碳酸钙), a primary cmpnent f limestne and chalk. The unique prcess ensures that the CO2 is kept in slid frm fr much lnger, even after the tree’s life ends. This finding was emphasized by Mike Rwley frm the University f Zurich at the Gldschmidt Cnference.
While the scientific cmmunity is ptimistic abut these findings, several challenges remain. The primary cncern is determining the exact amunt f CO2 that these trees can transfrm thrughut their lifetime. Withut this accurate data, it is challenging t assess the full impact f this methd glbally. Understanding the eclgical balance and ensuring the preservatin f bidiversity are crucial befre wrldwide planting f these trees. Cperative research effrts are needed t explre these aspects and develp a cmprehensive strategy fr using these trees as a natural slutin t climate change.
This discvery in Kenya invites us t recnsider the ptential f natural prcesses in addressing envirnmental challenges. While technlgical slutins t climate change are vital, integrating natural methds ffers an alternative apprach. The unique ability f these trees presents a prmising methd fr explratin.
The jurney t fighting climate change is cmplex. As we dig deeper int understanding natural phenmena like the Kenyan trees, we must ask urselves: Hw can we make the best f the pwer f nature t create a sustainable future fr generatins t cme?
32．What is special abut the trees fund in Kenya?
A．They absrb mre CO2.B．They help turn CO2 int slids.
C．They release xygen quickly.D．They live in harmny with bacteria.
33．What is the cre challenge befre applying the discvery glbally?
A．Assessing the cst f the prcess.B．Understanding the impact n sil.
C．Quantifying the CO2 transfrmatin.D．Cllecting the data n bidiversity.
34．What des the authr try t explre in the last tw paragraphs?
A．The seriusness f climate change.B．The methd f green develpment.
C．The prspect f scientific appraches.D．The rle f nature in climate slutins.
35．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A defensive Strategy in NatureB．A Recent Advance in CO2 Research
C．Kenyan Trees: A Natural Carbn LckD．Tree Planting: A Key t Eclgical Balance
考点三 Phenmenn--analysis--cnclusin类研究报告
理解“现象-分析-结论”（Phenmenn–Analysis–Cnclusin）类研究报告文章并有效做题，关键在于把握文章的结构逻辑、识别关键信息、理解各部分的功能及其相互关系。
【2025·全国I卷】D
Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
【文章结构分析】
12. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
15. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
（2026·黑龙江省龙东联盟高三上学期开学考试）Fr decades, scientists have identified chrnic lw-level inflammatin (炎症) — called “inflammaging” — as ne f the primary drivers f age-related diseases. Think f it as yur bdy’s immune system stuck in verdrive — cnstantly fighting battles that dn’t exist, gradually wearing dwn rgans and systems. But a new study challenges that idea and culd reshape hw we think abut aging itself.
The research, published in Nature Aging, cmpared patterns f inflammatin in fur very different cmmunities arund the wrld. Tw grups were frm mdern, industrialised scieties — lder adults living in Italy and Singapre. The ther tw were pristine cmmunities wh live mre traditinal lifestyles: the Tsimane peple f the Blivian Amazn and the Orang Asli in the frests f Malaysia.
The researchers analysed bld samples frm mre than 2,800 peple, lking at a wide range f inflammatry mlecules (分子), knwn as cytkines. Amng the Italian and Singaprean participants, the researchers fund a fairly cnsistent inflammaging pattern. As peple aged, levels f inflammatry markers in the bld rse tgether. Higher levels were linked t a greater risk f chrnic diseases including kidney disease and heart disease. But in the Tsimane and Orang Asli ppulatins, the inflammaging pattern was absent. The same inflammatry mlecules did nt rise cnsistently with age, and they were nt strngly linked t age-related diseases. In fact, amng the Tsimane, wh face high rates f micrrganism infectins, inflammatin levels were ften high. Yet this did nt lead t the same rates f chrnic diseases that are cmmn in industrialised natins.
These results raise imprtant questins. One pssibility is that inflammaging, at least as measured thrugh these bld signals, is nt a universal bilgical feature f aging. Instead, it may arise in scieties marked by high-calrie diets, lw physical activity and reduced expsure t infectins.
In ther wrds, chrnic inflammatin linked t aging and disease might nt simply result frm an inevitable bilgical prcess, but rather frm a mismatch between ur ancient physilgy and the mdern envirnment. If these findings are cnfirmed, they culd have sme significant cnsequences.
32．Hw is inflammaging related t aging in the established scientific view?
A．It attacks human rgans.B．It causes the inactivity f rgans.
C．It generates veractive immune respnse.D．It lwers the efficiency f immune system.
33．What des the wrd “pristine” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Unspiled.B．Unwelcming.C．Unsafe.D．Unlivable.
34．What has the study fund abut the Tsimane and Orang Asli peple?
A．They seldm develp chrnic diseases.
B．Their bld lacks inflammatry markers.
C．They rarely get expsed t surces f infectin.
D．Their inflammatin levels are independent f aging.
35．What des the new study suggest?
A．Inflammaging is a signal f aging.
B．Inflammaging is bilgically unavidable.
C．Repeated infectins hld back inflammaging.
D．Mdern lifestyle cntributes t inflammaging.
、
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考）AI Radilgy: Faster, Smarter, and Mre Accurate
Hspital waiting time fr scan results culd sn be reduced frm days t minutes. A 2025 Stanfrd study reveals that DeepMedScan, an AI system analyzing CT/MRI images, detects tumrs 30% faster than human radilgists (放射科医生) while matching tp experts’ 98% accuracy. The system is nw used in 40+ EU hspitals, reducing diagnsis delays by up t 80%.
The breakthrugh lies in 3D neural mapping. Unlike traditinal AI recgnizing 2D patterns, DeepMedScan cnstructs dynamic 3D mdels f rgans: It crss-references scans with glbal databases — prcessing 200,000+ histrical cases in 0.2 secnds. “It’s like giving each radilgist a super-pwered secnd brain,” explains lead researcher Dr. Aris Thrne.
Critical advantages include identifying micr-lesins under 2 mm — ften missed by human eyes — and predicting disease prgressin. In German trials, the AI detected early-stage pancreatic cancer in 83% f high-risk patients a year befre symptms emerged, enabling life-saving interventins.
Challenges persist, hwever, Legal framewrks struggle with respnsibility fr AI misdiagnsis (ccurring in 0.7% f cases vs. human 1.2%). Inaccuracy risks als exist; early versins perfrmed prly n pediatric (小儿科的) scans due t limited child data. Regulatry authrities nw enfrce “human-AI c-diagnsis” — requiring dctr cnfirmatin fr critical cases.
Future upgrades fcus n accessibility. Lightweight versins fr rural clinics are being tested in India, using smartphne-cmpatible calculatin prcedure. As WHO advisr Dr. Priya Sharma ntes, “Making this tech widely accessible culd prevent 500,000+ annual late-stage cancer deaths glbally by 2030.”
32．Hw des the article present the issue in the first paragraph?
A．By quting an expert.B．By defining a cncept.
C．By prviding statistics.D．By presenting classificatins.
33．What des the authr highlight with super-pwered secnd brain?
A．Replacing radilgists with autmated systems.
B．Emphasizing its ultra-fast data prcessing capacity.
C．Demnstrating its superirity ver human intelligence.
D．Prmting cmmercial sales f medical equipment.
34．What des the authr intend t cnvey in paragraph 4?
A．The ptential f AI diagnsis.
B．The inaccuracy f AI diagnsis.
C．The dminance f authrities in AI diagnsis.
D．The necessity f human participatin in AI diagnsis.
35．What can be inferred abut AI radilgy’s future develpment?
A．It will replace dctrs.B．It can wrk with smart phnes.
C．It can reach peple in far-ff areas.D．It can avid late-stage cancer deaths cmpletely.
2.（2026·湖北省高中名校联盟高三上学期第一次联合测评）The newest, httest pwer cuple desn’t live in Hllywd. It’s actually the marriage f slar panels and reservirs (水库): Knwn as flatvltaics, these devices n simple flats (浮体) generate pwer while shading the water belw.
The primary advantage f the technlgy is that n trees need t be cleared fr slar farms. As an added bnus, the water cls the panels, increasing their efficiency. Research shws that flatvltaics n just a small share f glbal lakes and reservirs culd meet nearly a third f the US’s annual electricity demand.
As flatvltaic systems expand, with the market expected t grw 23% annually frm 2025 t 2030, scientists are studying their impact n ecsystems. “We shuldn’t be expanding clean energy at the cst f bidiversity lss,” warns Elisa Stephens, a researcher at the University f Califrnia, Davis. “This is a great pprtunity t increase ur research and develp smart designs and better siting practices t have this happy marriage between a healthy, bidiverse ecsystem and renewable energy expansin.”
Mst flatvltaics are placed n reservirs. When paired with the existing water pwer plants, the panels can generate additinal daytime pwer. This cmbinatin can make up fr seasnal drps in water r sunlight, ensuring a mre stable yearly utput.
Thugh artificial, reservirs hst lts f water life that flatvltaics can interact with. Wuld this bring risks r benefits? “Our custmers have seen migrating (迁徙的) birds feeding and resting n the flats,” reprts Chris Bachman f a leading flatvltaics cmpany.
Eclgical cnsideratins get trickier where there are unfreseen knck-n effects. Experiments shw that shading frm panels can slw the grwth f algae that fish eat and als reduce harmful algae, affecting the fd chain. Flats can hide fish frm birds that hunt them but may als serve as safe habitats fr these birds. “We need t mnitr fr lng perids t understand the big picture,” says freshwater eclgist Simpsn Cards.
Scientists and cmpanies are discussing wider spacing between panels and aviding cnstructin during waterbirds’ sensitive perids, such as migratin and nesting. “There can definitely be that kind f eclgical balance,” says Stephens.
32．Hw des the authr intrduce flatvltaics?
A．By giving a technical definitin.B．By explaining hw they wrk.
C．By relating them t a married cuple.D．By describing a ppular mvie scene.
33．What is scientists’ majr cncern abut flatvltaics?
A．Their influence n ecsystems and bidiversity.B．Their seasnal changes in pwer utput.
C．Their high cst f cnstructin and maintenance.D．Their cmpetitin against traditinal slar farms.
34．Why des the authr qute Chris Bachman in paragraph 5?
A．T prvide evidence f custmer satisfactin.B．T shw a ptential benefit f flatvltaics.
C．T nte the cmplexity f eclgical interactins.D．T draw attentin t prtecting migrating birds.
35．What are scientists fcusing n?
A．Cnducting the applicatin f wider panels.B．Develping smarter designs and practices.
C．Prving the existence f eclgical balance.D．Aviding cnstructins n waterbird habitats.
3.（2026·湖北省武汉市九师联盟高三上学期8月开学）Jade Benjamin-Chung, an assistant prfessr at the Stanfrd Schl f Medicine, wrked with her cwrkers t analyze the impact f hygiene (卫生) interventins n health utcmes in middle — and lw-incme Bangladeshi husehlds. They fund many cmmn strategies used t prtect children frm disease weren’t as effective as expected. Feeling curius, Benjamin-Chung and her cwrkers identified a ptential reasn.
Arund 70% f rural hmes in Bangladesh have sil-packed flrs. As yung kids eat and play n the flr, they ften absrb tiny sil-based parasites (寄生虫) that spread disease. S they thught abut the cncrete flrs, which culd create a space easier t clean and reduce pathgen (病原体) spread.
Benjamin-Chung mentined their idea t Sarah Billingtn, an expert n cncrete and building materials frm the Stanfrd Derr Schl f Sustainability. When Billingtn heard the team’s idea f bradly replacing sil-packed flrs with cncrete, she wrried the apprach culd have unintended cnsequences fr the climate due t heavy carbn emissins (排放) frm cncrete prductin.
S Billingtn invited ther Stanfrd experts int the fld t understand why cncrete was effective in reducing pathgen spread and design lw-emissin cncrete alternatives that kept thse helpful prperties. They wanted t develp a mix using materials that’ re easily fund in cuntries like Bangladesh. Finally, ne pssible material was recycled fly ash, a byprduct f burning cal. The cncrete mix was affrdable, durable and prduced fewer emissins. Then they did an experiment where they hardened cncrete test tiles (砖) made with alternative “green” cncrete and then sme pathgens were put int the tiles t measure hw well they survived n the surface.
The team’s findings suggest the pathgens have similar rates f survival n traditinal cncrete mix tiles and “green” alternative fly ash tiles. “This prject culd be a mdel fr hw t imprve public health with sustainability baked in at the beginning,” said Benjamin-Chung.
32．What did Benjamin-Chung and her cwrkers fcus n initially?
A．The bad influences f cncrete.B．Disease spread in the neighbrhd.
C．Hygiene practices in specific families.D．Recycling methds f fly ash.
33．What made Billingtn invite ther experts in?
A．Her lack f knwledge f pllutin.B．Her wrries abut health utcmes.
C．Her struggle with pathgen resistance.D．Her cncern abut climate impacts.
34．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The alternative is effective at reducing disease spread.
B．Traditinal cncrete des mre harm t peple’s health.
C．The study helps reduce the cst f healthcare in Bangladesh.
D．The study ffers gd educatinal resurces t medical schls.
35．What culd be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Strategies fr Bangladeshi Public HealthB．Sustainable Cncrete fr Healthier Hmes
C．Hygiene Interventins in Lw-incme HmesD．Pathgens Spread thrugh Building Materials
4.（2026·湘豫名校高三上学期入学摸底）The gravitatinal pull f Mars may be strng enugh t stir (搅动) up Earth’s cean, shifting its sediment (沉淀物) as part f a 2.4-millin-year climate cycle, researchers claim.
It has lng been accepted that shifts in Earth’s rbit arund the sun influence the planet's climate, with these Milankvitch cycles perating n perids measured in thusands f years. Nw, Adriana Dutkiewicz at the University f Sydney and her teammates say they have fund a 2.4-millin-year “Grand Cycle”, which they believe is driven by Mars and has had dramatic impacts n currents in Earth’s ceans fr at least 40 millin years.
The evidence fr this cycle cmes frm almst 300 deep-sea drill cres that reveal unexpected variatin in the cean sediment. During perids f stable cean currents, ceangraphers expect sediment t settle in steady layers, but unusual currents can see it stred elsewhere.
Accrding t the team, absences r interruptins in the sediment recrd line up with times when Mars’s gravity puts maximum frce n Earth, impacting ur planet’s rbital stability. This changes slar radiatin levels and climate, resulting in strnger currents in the ceans.
Team member Dietmar Müller, als at the University f Sydney, acknwledges that the distance between Earth and Mars is s vast that it is hard t imagine any significant gravitatinal frce being prduced. “But there are s many feedbacks that can reflect changes,” he says. “Mars’s impact n Earth’s climate is similar t a butterfly effect.”
Benjamin Mills at the University f Leeds, UK, says the drill cres prvide mre evidence fr the existence f glbal envirnmental change.
“Many f us have seen these multi-millin-year cycles in varius different gelgical, gechemical and bilgical recrds — including during the famus explsin f animal life in the Cambrian Perid,” he says. “This paper helps cnfirm these ideas as key parts f envirnmental change.”
12．What evidence supprts the 2.4-millin-year cycle?
A．Changes in Earth’s rbit.
B．Variatin in cean sediment.
C．Recrds f slar radiatin.
D．Impact n Earth’s gravity.
13．What can we infer abut Mars’s gravity?
A．It directly cntrls Earth’s climate.
B．It has n influence n Earth’s rbit.
C．It slightly weakens Earth’s cean currents.
D．Its effect n Earth is indirect but significant.
14．What is Dietmar Müller’s attitude twards the research?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Negative.D．Uncaring.
15．Why des Benjamin Mills mentin the Cambrian Perid?
A．T questin the new finding.
B．T intrduce a new thery.
C．T shw the cycle’s lng histry.
D．T explain the butterfly effect.
5.（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三上学期8月联考）Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrugh in prducing hydrgen frm water using light. They added scandium (钪) t titanium dixide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) t create a new TiO₂ structure. This innvatin increases hydrgen prductin efficiency 15 times under sunlight cmpared t previus TiO₂ materials.
The new perfrmance f phtcatalys, which is a chemical reactin that is accelerated by the absrptin f light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due t 5% scandium dping. This creates TiO₂ particles with tw crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet cllects electrns, while the {110} facet receives hles. This arrangement prduces a strng electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transprt efficiency. As a result, the phtinduced (光诱导的) charge separatin efficiency has imprved ver 200 times, and the quantum efficiency fr ultravilet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%.
Cmpared t traditinal slar hydrgen prductin methds like phtvltaic-pwered electrlysis, this new apprach is simpler and mre cst-effective. Traditinal methds require cmplex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based phtcatalysts ffer a mre straightfrward alternative. Hwever, TiO₂ has a prblem: phtexcited electrns and hles reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-dped TiO₂ slves this prblem in tw ways:
1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ins fit well int the TiO₂ structure withut causing distrtin. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by xygen vacancies, reducing electrn-hle recmbinatin.
2. Recnstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atms rearrange the crystal surface t frm specific facets, giving electrns and hles mre time and space t participate in reactins.
If made int a 100 m² phtcatalytic panel, this material culd generate enugh hydrgen in ne day t pwer a hydrgen fuel cell vehicle t travel abut 68 kilmeters. China has the wrld’s largest TiO₂ prductin capacity and significant scandium reserves, s this discvery culd facilitate the large-scale industrial applicatin f phtcatalytic water splitting technlgy. It ffers a prmising way fr mre efficient and ecnmical hydrgen prductin, which is crucial fr transitining t sustainable and carbn-neutral energy systems.
This advancement highlights the ptential f rare-earth elements in imprving phtcatalytic materials. As the wrld seeks ways t reduce carbn emissins and cmbat climate change, this scandium-dped TiO₂ phtcatalyst prvides hpe. It culd accelerate the adptin f hydrgen as a clean energy carrier and supprt the develpment f hydrgen-pwered technlgies acrss varius industries.
In summary, this new scandium-dped TiO₂ phtcatalyst is a majr step frward in renewable energy. Its impressive perfrmance and ptential fr widespread applicatin bring us clser t a future where clean, sustainable hydrgen energy is bth abundant and ecnmically feasible. This breakthrugh is expected t inspire further research and innvatin in the design f advanced phtcatalytic materials, driving the wrld clser t a carbn-neutral and sustainable energy future.
12．What fundamental innvatin enables the dramatic imprvement in hydrgen prductin efficiency?
A．Substituting rare-earth elements fr traditinal catalysts.
B．Optimizing catalyst structure thrugh elemental integratin.
C．Develping ultra-thin semicnductr membrane layers.
D．Implementing multi-stage phtvltaic cnversin systems.
13．Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recmbinatin f electrns and hles?
A．Neutralizing inic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways.
B．Enhancing phtn absrptin and extending wavelength ranges.
C．Intrducing magnetic fields and cling thermal byprducts.
D．Islating xygen mlecules and pressurizing reactin chambers.
14．Cnsidering China’s industrial cntext, which factr wuld mst critically determine the scalability f this technlgy?
A．Glbal market demand fr hydrgen vehicles.
B．Availability f specialized manufacturing equipment.
C．Dmestic mineral resurce distributin patterns.
D．Internatinal carbn emissin regulatins.
15．A renewable energy startup plans t pilt this technlgy. Which implementatin challenge aligns with the statement “phtexcited electrns and hles reunite quickly” (para. 3)?
A．Maintaining stable light intensity acrss large surface areas.
B．Preventing premature energy lss during charge migratin.
C．Scaling up ultravilet light filtratin systems.
D．Balancing prductin csts with catalyst durability.
6.（2026·湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期8月月考）Writing and editing wrking messages with tls like ChatGPT r Gemini has becme a cmmnplace practice. While generative AI tls are seen t make writing easier, are they effective fr cmmunicating between managers and emplyees?
“We see a tensin between perceptins f message quality and perceptins f the sender,” said Anthny Cman, a researcher at the University f Flrida. “Despite psitive impressins f prfessinalism in AI-assisted writing, managers wh use AI fr rutine cmmunicatin tasks put their trustwrthiness at risk when using medium-t -high-levels f AI assistance.” In this study, Cman and his c-authr, Peter Cardn, surveyed prfessinals abut hw they viewed emails that they were tld were written with lw, medium and high AI assistance. Survey participants were asked t evaluate different AI-written versins f a cngratulatry message n bth their perceptin f the message cntent and their perceptin f the sender.
While AI-assisted writing was generally seen as efficient, effective, and prfessinal, the impact n trust was substantial: Only 40% t 52% f emplyees viewed supervisrs as sincere when they used high levels f AI, cmpared t 83% fr lw-assistance messages. Similarly, while 95% fund lw-AI supervisr messages prfessinal, this drpped t 69%-73% when supervisrs relied heavily n AI tls.
The findings reveal emplyees can ften detect AI-generated cntent and interpret its use as lack f caring. When supervisrs rely heavily n AI fr messages like team cngratulatins, emplyees perceive them as less sincere and questin their leadership abilities. “In sme cases, AI-assisted writing can undermine perceptins f traits linked t a supervisr’s trustwrthiness,” Cman nted.
The study suggests managers shuld carefully cnsider message types, level f AI assistance and relatinal cntext befre using AI in their writing. While AI may be apprpriately received fr infrmatinal r rutine cmmunicatins, like meeting reminders, relatinship-riented messages requiring empathy, praise r persnal feedback are better handled with minimal technlgical interventin.
12．What is the fcus f Cman’s research?
A．The technical cmplexity f generative AI tls.
B．The AI-written message quality and credibility cnflict.
C．The cntrversy ver AI’s rle in emplyee mtivatin.
D．The rapid decline f human writing skills in wrkplaces.
13．Why d emplyees distrust the high-AI messages?
A．The messages tend t be less infrmative.
B．Emplyees feel AI lacks emtinal intelligence.
C．There are uncntrllable technical errrs in the messages.
D．Emplyees spt supervisrs’ inattentin frm the messages.
14．What practical guideline des the research suggest?
A．Prhibit AI in all wrking cmmunicatins.
B．Match AI usage t message types and cntext.
C．Priritize AI fr relatinship-riented messages.
D．Train emplyees t accept AI-generated cntent.
15．What is the authr’s attitude tward AI-assisted writing in the wrkplace?
A．Cautius.B．Suspicius.C．Oppsed.D．Apprving.
7.（2026·湖南省长沙市麓山国际实验学校高三上学期入学考试）The ability t detect a nearby presence withut seeing r tuching it may sund fantastical — but it’s a real ability that sme creatures have. A family f African fish knwn as Mrmyrids are weakly electric, and have special rgans that can lcate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have nw develped an artificial sensr system mdelled n the ability f these fish.
“We develped a new strategy fr 3D mtin psitining by electrnic skin, bi-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an assciate prfessr in the Department f Bimedical Engineering at the City University f Hng Kng. The team described their e-skin sensr in a paper published n Nvember 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensr is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field nce activated, and anther layer acts as a receiver t detect bth the directin and the distance t an bject. A separate cntrller creates the driving signal t activate the transmitter. When an bject cmes within range, the electric field arund the sensr is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then prcessed by a micrcntrller unit, which cmputes the psitin f the target bject and sends that infrmatin t a smartphne r ther devices.
A special bigel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensr, which has the ability t transmit and receive electric signals frm a pattern f micrchannels n the surface. The end result is a sensr that is thin, sft and flexible, making it csy t adapt t irregular surfaces, such as the human bdy. In cntrast t the traditinal sensr system that needs a large number f sensrs t achieve spatial psitining, the new system can lcate an bject precisely in 3D space using just a few sensrs. This significantly reduces the pwer cnsumptin f data cllectin, transmissin, and prcessing.
The researchers hpe that this sensr culd ne day pen up a new range f wearable technlgies, including sensrs fr human-machine interactin and thin, flexible e-skin.
12．The first paragraph aims t shw __________.
A．the special ability f African fish
B．the inspiratin fr a new inventin
C．the big challenge f lcating bjects
D．the reasn fr develping a sensr
13．What is the crrect rder f the system’s wrking prcedures?
a. The transmitter creates an electric field.
b. A unit cmputes the psitin f the target.
c. The cntrller sends the activating signal.
d. The receiver detects the change f electric signals.
e. The electric field is disrupted by an appraching bject.
A．c-a-e-d-b.B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b.D．a-e-c-d-b.
14．What is an advantage f the new sensr system?
A．Its sensitivity t different stimulatins.
B．Its adaptatin t envirnmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D psitining.
D．Its speed in data cllectin and prcessing.
15．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bi-inspired Sensr “Feels” Withut Tuching
C．E-Skin Sensr: The Future f Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields: The Frntier f Object Detectin
1.（2026·湖北省孝感高级中学高三上学期8月测试）Peple have been using OpenAI’s GPT-4 t generate Ghibli-style illustratins, landscapes, prtraits and even events frm histry and current affairs. While it may seem entertaining, it culd be a key test fr (版权) 。
Unlike with sme previus AI cntrversies, the cmpany is nt prmising t add new cntrls t stp its generatr frm ripping ff (窃取) an artistic style r t stp peple frm using cntrversial subjects. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s nly cncern seems t be the stress it’s putting n the cmpany’s GPUs as the number f weekly active users rse by 11%. “It’s super fun seeing peple lve images in ChatGPT... But ur GPUs are melting,” he wrte.
Like sme ther cmpanies, OpenAI applied restrictins in previus versins f its AI image generatrs t prevent imitatins f the styles f living artists r the prtraits f real peple. but GPT-4’s ability t clearly imitate the Ghibli style wuld appear t suggest OpenAI has cast such measures aside.
In a technical paper, OpenAI claims that it’s still taking a “cnservative apprach” t image rights by including a refusal that activates “when a user attempts t generate an image in the style f a living artist”. But it seems it’s nw nly applying that t individual artists, nt studis. S while GPT-4 shuld, in thery, refuse t generate an image if the prmpt (提示词) asks fr the style f Hiya Mayazaki, it will accept a prmpt that asks fr the style f Studi Ghibli.
The change is curius given that cmpanies can als wn , and they’re mre likely t have the resurces t be able t take legal actin. It may be that OpenAI believes that it wuld be mre difficult fr a studi t prve wnership ver a style. Legal experts argue that a “style” cannt be cpyrighted, s the questin is whether GPT-4 images use elements f existing wrks f art.
OpenAI nw has license arrangements with sme cmpanies t allw it t use their cntent t train its AI mdels. There has been n statement frm either OpenAI r Studi Ghibli abut whether this is the case.
12．What is Sam Altman’s wrry abut GPT-4?
A．Its impact n issues.B．Its GPU pressure frm user grwth.
C．Its inability t cntrl the art imitatin.D．Its failure t blck cntrversial tpics.
13．What restrictin des GPT-4 apply t images?
A．It frbids cpying studi styles.B．It bans imitating specific living artists.
C．It limits the number f images per day.D．It prevents the artwrks f real peple.
14．Why is GPT-4’s generatin f Ghibli-style images allwed?
A．Studi Ghibli can hardly prve its .
B．OpenAI has agreements with Studi Ghibli.
C．Ghibli-style images bst user engagement.
D．Studi Ghibli desn’t take any legal actin.
15．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．GPT-4 raises art issues.
B．OpenAI faces tech challenges with GPT-4.
C．OpenAI remves all restrictins n AI imagery.
D．AI-generated art is dminating the artistic wrld.
2.（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）The cncept f dynamic pricing is simple—and easy fr businesses t implement. Whether it’ s a Friday-evening fight, a htel during the hlidays, r a taxi ride in a dwnpur, we have all been burned by higher-than-nrmal prices due t excess demand. Raising csts when businesses are busiest is the nrm acrss the travel industry. Perhaps the mst well-knwn example f this is within ride-share cmpanies, which have used surge pricing fr years t charge riders when demand fr cars rckets relative t the number f drivers available.
Outside travel, nline stres are increasingly using this dynamic pricing, t, says Vmberg. “On Amazn. cm alne, millins f price changes ccur within a day, crrespnding t a price change f abut every ten minutes fr each prduct. ”While cnsumers might nt always pick up n these variatins in price, Vmberg says time-based dynamic pricing will likely becme a cmpetitive standard at least in nline markets. “AI-enabled tls can suggest the best prices via machine learning algrithms(算法). They can als track and learn cmpetitr and custmer respnses t price changes,” he says.
Nw, surge pricing is happening in stres including bars and supermarkets as well. “Physical businesses are adpting electrnic shelf labels that enable real time price adjustment depending n the time f day, stck levels and whether items are appraching their sell-by date,” says Sarwar Khawaja, chairman f the Oxfrd Educatin Grup. He says this technlgy is likely t cause prices in bars that use these signs t increase during the rushes f dinner,weekends r hlidays,r fr supermarkets t adjust prices thrughut the day r week,depending n vlume f shppers.
The current ecnmic climate is als driving the need fr these pricing technlgies. While creating cmpetitive prices is always key t healthy prfit margins, Khawaia says dynamic pricing enables businesses t ptimise their pricing depending n the financial situatins f their custmer base. “Businesses can ffer discunts during dwnturns while increasing prices in better ff areas,” he says.
The changes, hwever, may nt sit well with cnsumers. “Dynamic and surge pricing will likely expand t mre industries and mre cmpanies in the lng term, but just because a prduct may be ppular des nt mean that custmers are willing t turn a blind eye t being charged mre,” says Khawaja. He adds surge pricing can cause custmers t lse faith in a cmpany if they believe they are being vercharged. “Perhaps dynamic pricing f a drink in yur favurite pub might be a step t far fr lyal custmers.”
12．Which f the fllwing best explains “dynamic pricing” in paragraph 1?
A．A system f deciding what the prices shuld be.
B．A means fr cmpanies t find target custmers.
C．A methd that helps prmte sharing ecnmy
D．A strategy f ffering discunts t attract clients.
13．It can be inferred frm Arnd Vmberg’s cmments that nline stres ________.
A．ffer the mst cmpetitive prices
B．make prfits by changing prices in real time
C．cnfuse custmers by changing prices
D．rely t much n machine learning algrithms
14．Accrding t the passage, why d physical businesses adpt dynamic pricing?
A．T match supply and demand during peak hurs.
B．T lift custmer experience and encurage lyalty.
C．T maintain cnsistent pricing acrss all prducts.
D．T cmpete with nline stres and businesses.
15．Which f the fllwing best predicts hw custmers may react t the expansin f dynamic pricing?
A．Turn t whatever ffers the lwest prices.
B．Prtest against it fr being t annying.
C．Refuse t give in and are likely t resist.
D．Take it fr granted and accept it altgether.
3.（2027·福建省（全国名校联盟）高三上学期开学摸底联考）A research team frm AMOLF in Amsterdam has created a sft rbt that walks, jumps, and swims — all withut a brain, electrnics, r AI. As described in the study published in Science, it has n cmputer, n sftware, and n sensrs. And still, it mves with surprising autnmy and speed, simply because f its bdy and hw it interacts with the wrld.
S, what’s really driving it? Underneath the mvement is a principle yu’ve prbably seen, thugh yu might have verlked. Think f thse shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely arund in frnt f gas statins. The same physics that makes them mve culd hld the key t the next generatin f autnmus rbts.
Pwered by a cntinuus stream f air alne, each f the rbt’s sft, tubular legs begins t swing. On its wn, each leg waves arund randmly. But when many are cupled tgether, their mtins quickly synchrnize. “Suddenly, rder emerges frm chas,” says the first authr Albert Cmrett. “N cntrllers, n prgramming. Cmplex cllective mtins arise just frm simple interactins.” Even mre surprising, the synchrnizatin adapts. If the rbt runs int an bstacle, it adjusts itself. When it mves frm land t water, it quickly shifts t freestyle swimming. All the mvement emerges frm the tight cupling between bdy and envirnment.
The research challenges the cnventinal idea that rbts need cmplicated cntrl systems t realize lifelike behavir. “Simple bjects, like tubes, can give rise t cmplex and functinal behavir, prvided we understand hw t take advantage f the underlying physics,” says principal investigatr Bas Overvelde. “There is n brain, n cmputer. Essentially, it’s a machine. But when prperly designed, it can utperfrm many rbtic systems and behave like an artificial creature.”
Pssible future applicatins range frm smart pills t space technlgy: safe micrrbts that can be swallwed and release drugs after autnmusly reaching the target tissue, rbtic wearable suits matching the walking steps withut prcessrs, reducing pwer cnsumptin while enhancing human strength. Mre bradly, these examples illustrate hw this research pens drs t mechanical systems that behave as if they had a cmputer, withut actually needing ne.
12．Why des the authr mentin tube dancers in paragraph 2?
A．T stress the wide use f rbts.B．T intrduce a daily applicatin.
C．T shw the need fr bservatin.D．T explain the wrking principle.
13．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnize” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Slw dwn.B．Match up.
C．Change directin.D．Cnsume energy.
14．What enables the sft rbt t adjust itself?
A．Its ability t get ver bstacles.B．Its cnnectin with a cmputer.
C．Its interactin with the envirnment.D．Its reliable perfrmance underwater.
15．What shuld rbts be like accrding t Bas Overvelde?
A．Physics-based.B．Cst-effective.
C．Functin-fcused.D．Envirnmentally-friendly.
4.（2026·安徽省高三上学期8月摸底大联考）New era requires a new vcabulary. Will we still talk abut the “mbile” phne when all phnes are mbile, r when they are implanted (植入) within us?
Technlgy is everywhere nwadays, especially at wrk. Sme peple are really gd at using all the cl new tls that keep ppping up. They have smething called TQ, r technlgy qutient. It’s like a superpwer fr understanding the latest tech stuff that ur great-grandparents wuld have fund really impssible. Having a high TQ means yu’re awesme at using all the cl new things that nt everyne knws abut yet.
The examples are cmmn and becming mre and mre frequent. Fr the parent it might be a hme-schl vide class. Fr the brand manager it might be search engine bsting. And fr the clinician, it might be the rle f artificial intelligence in supprting the analysis f a CT scan. TQ attempts t quantify ur ability t make sensible use f current technlgies and t quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize n future creatins. This adptin is critical frm a variety f perspectives, frm scial t business. One trip int the wrld f ChatGPT and we can see hw the dynamics f AI and search are changing fr just abut everyne.
Any Mm r Dad can understand the value f IQ and EQ in prjecting the ptential fr a child’s success. But what abut technlgy? The ability fr the child and the teacher t understand, embrace and adpt technlgy will be a defining aspect f their lives as we speed int the future. We are increasingly defined by technlgy and ur active participatin in everything frm smart phnes t Facebk. It might just be time fr the basic human needs f fd, water and shelter t incrprate (吸收) technlgy t. And when that happens, it just might be a gd idea t measure it.
While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstppable. As TQ rises, it will cmbine with IQ and EQ, reshaping hw we live, wrk, and learn—turning adaptability with tech int a measurable edge.
12．What is TQ accrding t the text?
A．Speed f learning new languages.B．Skill f fixing high-tech prducts.
C．Talent t fllw mdern changes.D．Ability t apply new technlgies.
13．Which f the fllwing peple has a high TQ?
A．A manager wh ften uses mdern search engines.
B．A dctr wh analyzes CT scans with AI assistance.
C．A grandparent wh finds new tech devices awkward.
D．A mm wh watches vides f her child’s schl life.
14．What’s the writer’s attitude twards TQ?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.C．Dubtful.D．Cntradictry.
15．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Why Are IQ and EQ Imprtant fr TQ?
B．Hw Has TQ Changed in the Mdern Era?
C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?
D．Where t Start Adapting t TQ Changes?
5.（2025·湖南省怀化市高三上学期开学）Flamings (火烈鸟) lk graceful, but when it’s time t eat, they lk very silly. The birds feed n shrimp and algae (虾和藻) in wetlands. T grab a bite, they stick their heads underwater and pen and clse their muth rapidly. Then they step hard with their feet and mve arund in the mud, shaking their heads up and dwn as they walk. Why d they take this absurd apprach t getting a meal?
Flamings are filter feeders (滤食性动物) and they filter water thrugh their L-shaped beaks (鸟喙), trapping shrimp, algae and ther fd. But with their heads bending dwn between their legs, their beaks appear t be upside dwn, which seems like the wrng way t catch the shrimp and algae in frnt f them.
Of curse, flamings knw perfectly well what they’re ding, and s d Saad Bhamla, a biphysicist frm Gergia Institute f Technlgy, and his grup. The team reveals that the bird is creating vrtices (漩涡) in the water with almst every mve. Fr example, as it pulls ut f the water, its beak creates vrtices, stirring up shrimp and algae and traps them lng enugh fr the bird t eat. Then as fr the strange stepping hard with their feet, the study finds that flamings’ feet create a pair f vrtices that push fd tward their beaks. That’s why it makes sense t have the head facing the feet instead f whatever is in frnt f them.
“What they’re basically ding is playing with fluid dynamics — using the beak, using their legs, using their heads and necks,” said Bhamla.
Bhamla believes flamings may have sme have sme mre t teach humans. He wrks with chemists t learn hw t better filter water. Thse filters frequently get blcked by substances similar in size t what the flamings filter fr their fd. S it seems pssible that sme f the vrtex-generating techniques f flamings culd be adapted t help keep the filters clear.
32．What des flamings’ feeding behavir appear t be like?
A．Awkward.B．Flexible.C．Uncntrllable.D．Unchanged.
33．Hw d flamings’ L-shaped beaks help them feed?
A．By allwing them t drink mre water.
B．By catching fd as water flws thrugh.
C．By making it easier t catch fast-mving fd.
D．By stpping water frm entering their muths.
34．Why d flamings mve their heads up and dwn while feeding?
A．T clean their beaks frm mud and debris.
B．T signal t ther flamings abut danger.
C．T create water currents that help trap fd.
D．T dig deeper int the mud fr hidden fd.
35．What will Bhamla cntinue t study abut flamings’ feeding habits?
A．The species cnservatin.B．Its pssible limitatin.
C．The new research methd.D．Its ptential applicatin.
6.（2026·云南三校高三备考实用性8月联考卷（二））In the presence f chubby (胖嘟嘟) babies, furry puppies r ther adrable little things, it isn’t uncmmn t be driven by a desire t squeeze, pinch (捏) r even bite them. While yu may have the desire t d ne r mre f these things, yu certainly dn’t wish t hurt these cute creatures. But why d sme f us react in this strange way? Scientists have revealed what happens in the brain t fuel this respnse, which they refer t as “cute aggressin.”
The researchers gathered tgether 54 participants between the ages f 18 and 40 and fitted them with electrde caps (电极头罩) t measure their brain activity. The participants were asked t lk at 32 phtgraphs that were divided int fur separate blcks: ne cnsisted f images f adult animals (which the study’s authrs classified as “less cute”), ne f baby animals (classified as “cuter”), and tw f human babies. The first blck f human baby images had been altered t enhance thse features we humans typically perceive as being cuter while the ther was altered t reduce cuteness.
After they had viewed the images, the participants were asked t fill ut questinnaires that measured their respnses t the phts. Images f baby animals gt the strngest respnse. Accrding t the study’s authrs, the participants expressed mre significant feelings f cute aggressin — such as feelings f verwhelmingness, care-taking desires, and s frth — tward the baby animals than t the adult animals. They didn’t bserve the same distinctin between participants’ reactins t cuter and less-cute images f babies. Researchers said that this may be because bth sets f babies were “bjectively pretty cute.”
By using the electrde caps, researchers were als able t gain insight int the neural (神经的) activity f participants wh experienced cute aggressin. This respnse was assciated with greater activity, nt nly in the brain’s emtinal systems, but als in its reward systems. The latter regulate mtivatin, pleasure and feelings f “wanting”.
Scientists suspect that cute aggressin is the brain’s way f cping with the verwhelming respnse that ccurs when these tw pwerful brain systems start t wrk tgether. In ther wrds, the brain tsses in a dash f aggressin t temper the attack f these psitive feelings.
12．Which f the fllwing statements best describes the participants’ reactins t the images?
A．They shwed similar respnses twards images f cute animals and babies.
B．They expressed the mst significant reactins twards images f baby animals.
C．They exhibited strnger emtins twards images f cuter babies cmpared t less cute nes.
D．They displayed the same reactins t the images f baby animals and adult animals.
13．What happened when participants experienced cute aggressin?
A．There was strnger activity nly in the brain’s reward systems.
B．There was larger activity nly in the brain’s emtinal systems.
C．There was n significant neural activity related t cute aggressin.
D．There was greater activity in the brain’s emtinal and reward systems.
14．What is cute aggressin accrding t the passage?
A．A sign f mental health issues causing aggressin.
B．A result f negative feelings twards cute creatures.
C．A frm f cntrl ver things perceived as less pwerful.
D．A way fr the brain t handle verwhelming psitive feelings.
15．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T investigate why peple are driven t destry cute things.
B．T explre the standards peple use t determine what is cute.
C．T intrduce what happens in the brain t cause cute aggressin.
D．T examine peple’s emtinal respnses t seeing smething cute.
7.（2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟高三上学期9月月考）Tw U. S.— based grups, the Cuncil n Freign Relatins and the Natinal Gegraphic, Sciety cmmissined an nline survey earlier this year. They wanted t knw what yung peple educated in American clleges knew abut gegraphy, U. S. freign plicy, recent internatinal events, and ecnmics.
The survey was given t ver 1,200 Americans between the ages f 18 and 26 years. All f them presently attending, r having previusly graduated frm, a 2- r 4-year cllege r university.
The average test scre, ut f 75 ttal pssible answers, was 55 percent. The study identifies a few imprtant prblems. Fr example, nly 30 percent knew that the nly part f the U. S. gvernment that can declare war is Cngress. Only 60% f thse taking the survey culd identify Brazil n a wrld map.
Part f the prblem, argue the rganizers f the survey, is the internet. They say it is becming harder t find high-quality infrmatin abut wrld events amngst all the fake news and trivia which swamp the web. Frty-three percent f thse questined said they read abut the news n Facebk.
Anther prblem is that mst cllege curses d nt require students t learn abut internatinal issues. If such infrmatin is nt required, Richard Haass frm the Cuncil n Freign Relatins said, then the United States culd have leaders like Gary Jhnsn. He was a recent presidential candidate wh did nt knw abut the Syrian city f Alepp when a reprter asked him abut it.
The survey results were nt all bad. The yung peple als demnstrated a gd understanding f climate change and renewable energy. And the majrity f them said that internatinal issues were becming mre imprtant t them.
Haass says these findings suggest the need t find was t get gd infrmatin t students, bth in schl and nline. T help, the Cuncil n Freign Relatins is creating a new prgram called CFR Campus, designed t help build knwledge abut glbal issues.
12．What can we learn abut the survey?
A．All the participants were recent university graduates.
B．It was an nline survey cnducted by tw US universities.
C．Its aim is t figure ut what the yung peple knw abut America.
D．It was given t ver 1,200 American peple aged frm 18 t 26.
13．What’s ne reasn survey rganizers give fr yung peple’s lack f knwledge?
A．Yung peple are unwilling t travel abrad.
B．The surces frm which they get their infrmatin.
C．The US university system is f pr quality.
D．Their lack f interest in knwing mre abut the wrld.
14．Accrding t the survey, what tpic did the yung Americans understand best?
A．Envirnmental matters.B．Gegraphic infrmatin.
C．Freign relatins.D．Gvernment rganizatins.
15．In which clumn f a newspaper culd we find this article?
A．Ecnmics.B．Entertainment.
C．Plitics.D．Educatin.
8.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三上学期8月第一次联考）French scientists frm France’s Atmic Energy Cmmissin (CEA) have annunced their experiment — carried ut n February 12 — has set a new recrd f 1,337 secnds fr keeping r maintaining hydrgen atms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent lnger than the previus ne, which was set in China last mnth.
The team said their wrk marks an imprtant step in the search fr nuclear fusin (核聚变) methds that culd prduce clean, safe and almst limitless energy. The aim f fusin research is t create the same kind f nuclear reactin as happens in the center f the sun. In a fusin reactin, the centers f tw atms fuse, r jin tgether, t frm a new atm with a heavier nucleus, r center, releasing large amunts f energy.
Hwever, because fusin happens at very high temperatures, it is difficult t cntrl. The scientists in France used a machine — a circular ring with strng walls t resist intense heat — called a tkamak t d their research. Inside the ring, hydrgen atms are heated t temperatures up t abut 50 millin degrees Celsius, creating plasma that is held tgether by pwerful magnets.
Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, CEA’s head f fundamental research, tld the French news agency AFP the new recrd fr making plasma shws “that we cntrl its prductin, but als its maintenance.” Hwever, Etienvre nted that there are still many “technlgical barriers” t vercme befre fusin can “prduce mre energy than it cnsumes”.
Scientists say that fr nuclear fusin t succeed, hydrgen atms will need t be heated up t mre than 100 millin degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can becme unstable and difficult t cntrl, which can lead t energy lss and limit hw well a pssible future nuclear fusin reactr culd wrk.
In the cming mnths, the research team will lk t increase the time they can keep the atms in a plasma state, hping t bring the ttal time “up t several hurs cmbined”. The CEA nted that in future experiments, scientists will als aim t heat the plasma t higher temperatures and examine the effects the ht plasma has n their testing machine.
Teams frm multiple cuntries are wrking tgether in suthern France t build the wrld’s largest tkamak and fusin research center, called ITER, hping the current research n maintaining plasma will be useful fr future prjects at ITER. Hwever, AFP reprts that repeated delays and increasing csts have pstpned peratins at ITER until at least 2033.
12．What is the main achievement reprted by French scientists?
A．They created a new type f tkamak machine.
B．They achieved nuclear fusin at 100 millin degrees Celsius.
C．They brke China’s recrd fr plasma maintenance time by 25%.
D．They sustained plasma fr 1,337 secnds, setting a new wrld recrd.
13．Accrding t the text, what remains a majr challenge fr nuclear fusin?
A．Building larger tkamak machines.
B．Reducing experiment csts.
C．Maintaining plasma stability at ver 100 millin degrees Celsius.
D．Finding alternative energy surces.
14．What will the scientists mainly try t d in the next step?
A．T heat the plasma t 100 millin degrees Celsius.
B．T keep hydrgen atms in a plasma state lnger.
C．T test hw the ht plasma affects the testing machine.
D．T research hw nuclear fusin happens.
15．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Plasma — a state f hydrgen atms
B．Nuclear fusin — a technlgy t imprve human life
C．A great breakthrugh — scientists made in nuclear fusin
D．Hydrgen atms — the fuel f nuclear fusin
9.（2026·广东省湛江市湛江市八校联考高三上学期8月月考）Scientists think that micrplastics frm ultra-prcessed (超加工的) fds may be building up in ur brains. What they have fund was shwed in fur papers in Brain Medicine recently, suggesting a pssible cnnectin t the rise in mental health prblems like depressin.
The cver f Brain Medicine shws a human brain filled with clrful micrplastic particles (微粒), next t a plastic spn. This image highlights a key finding: Human brains may cntain abut “a spnful” f micrplastic material. Ultra-prcessed fds, which nw make up ver 50% f energy intake in the US, cntain far mre micrplastics than whle fds. These tiny plastic particles, less than 5 millimeters in size, can get int human brains and increase significantly in large amunts.
Studies have shwn a link between eating ultra-prcessed fds and negative mental health. Peple wh eat such fds have a 22% higher risk f depressin, a 48% higher risk f anxiety, and a 41% higher risk f pr sleep. The new assumptin is that micrplastics culd be the missing link in this cnnectin. Fr example, a type f prcessed chicken has 30 times mre micrplastics per gram than fresh chicken breasts. Recent findings in Nature Medicine als revealed high levels f micrplastics in the human brain, and these levels were three t five times higher in peple with serius mental decline. Ultra-prcessed fds and micrplastics seem t damage human brains thrugh similar bilgical prcesses, like causing deleterius reactins and stress inside human bdies.
T study this further, researchers suggest creating a Dietary Micrplastic Index (DMI) with the aim f measuring micrplastic expsure frm fd. Anther paper shws that a mdern technique might be able t remve micrplastic particles frm the bld, but mre research is needed. In cnclusin, while mre studies are required, it is clear that reducing ultra-prcessed fd cnsumptin and finding ways t remve micrplastics frm ur bdies are imprtant. After all, as the saying ges, “Yu are what yu eat.”
12．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By defining a cncept.
C．By prviding statistics.D．By presenting a discvery.
13．What can we learn abut micrplastics frm the cver f Brain Medicine?
A．They lk like spns.B．They can be t tiny t be fund.
C．They may build up in the human brain.D．They are primarily fund in whle fds.
14．What des the underlined wrd “deleterius” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Vague.B．Harmful.C．Psitive.D．Necessary.
15．What is DMI used t d accrding t the text?
A．Assess the intake f micrplastics thrugh fd.
B．Measure the amunt f micrplastics in the bld.
C．Prmte the cnsumptin f ultra-prcessed fds.
D．Facilitate the remval f micrplastics frm the bdy.
10.（2026·江苏省南京市六校联合体高三学情调研）Critical thinking influences ur daily lives mre extensively than we typically acknwledge. Even cmmn decisins, such as selecting a breakfast, invlve subcnscius (下意识的) applicatin f critical thinking as we weigh factrs like nutritin, taste preferences, and dietary needs t determine the best ptin fr that particular mrning.​
This ability functins much like a muscle — it strengthens prgressively with deliberate practice. As a crnerstne f prfessinal success, critical thinking equips individuals with the capacity t navigate wrkplace challenges, systematically test hyptheses (假说) thrugh cntinuus trials, and put frward effective slutins t cmplex prblems. Its significance in career advancement cannt be verstated.​
Fundamentally, critical thinking refers t the capacity t cmprehend, assess, and analyze factual infrmatin t frm reasned judgments r evaluate the validity f claims. Beynd mere curisity abut the wrld, critical thinkers excel at establishing lgical cnnectins between ideas t grasp brader cntexts. Develping this skill enables individuals t cnvey their thughts lgically, present arguments systematically, and make infrmed decisins helpful t cntinuus imprvement.​
While scientific prfessins clearly demand critical thinking, its applicatin extends acrss diverse careers including law, medicine, jurnalism, engineering, accunting, and analysis. The Wrld Ecnmic Frum cnsistently identifies it as an imprtant wrkfrce skill due t its rle in enhancing infrmatin analysis, imprving creativity, enabling innvative prblem-slving, and advancing strategic planning. In everyday life, critical thinking perates incnspicuusly yet pwerfully, empwering independent thught and judgment. ​
Cntrary t cmmn miscnceptins, critical thinking strengthens interpersnal relatinships by bsting empathy fr thers’ perspectives and maintaining an pen mindset. Critical thinkers maintain intellectual curisity, pse inquiring questins, and refuse t accept infrmatin at face value. Critical thinking isn’t just a nice-t-have; it’s hw we grw, imprve, and make sense f an increasingly cmplex wrld. It helps us ask better questins, listen mre deeply, and apprach prblems with clarity instead f chas.
32．Which methd best helps develp critical thinking skills accrding t the passage?
A．Learning thrugh repeated errrs.B．Develping strnger emtinal awareness.
C．Engaging in fcused, intentinal practice.D．Making decisins based n subcnsciusness.
33．Which example best shws critical thinking?
A．Cnsumers buy phnes just based n ads.B．Dctrs analyze tests befre treatment.
C．Viewers believe news withut cnfirmatin.D．Managers veremphasize certificates in hiring.
34．What des the underlined wrd “incnspicuusly” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Obviusly.B．Precisely.C．Unnticeably.D．Abstractly.
35．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Critical thinking helps drive the wrld frward.
B．Critical thinking harms interpersnal relatinships.
C．Critical thinkers refuse t accept basic infrmatin.
D．Critical thinkers can put themselves in thers’ shes.
1.【2022新课标II卷】
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
32. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.D. The aging prcess f the heart.
33. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
34. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
35. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
2.【2024新课标II卷】
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
33. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
34. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
35. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
3.【2024浙江1月卷】
The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
32. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.
B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.
D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
33. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
34. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.
B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read Mre
B. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
4.【2023新课标I卷】
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
5.【2022新课标I卷】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
6.【2025全国一卷】
Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
7.【2024新课标I卷】
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places – and even species – that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas. B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
8.【2023新课标II卷】
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.
D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
9.【2023全国甲卷】
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
32. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value.
D. They are a symbl f American culture.
33. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A. The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B. The expansin f bears’ range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975.
D. The supprt f Native Americans.
34. What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm delisting grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists.
D. The lcal farmers’ advcates.
35. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
10.【2023浙江1月卷】
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.D. T ensure the supply f energy.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
11.【2020全国I卷】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源) —such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
年份
卷次
主题语境
字数
题型分类
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
词义猜测
2025年
2025全国一卷
D减少自来水中微塑料
330+135
2
2
0
0
2025全国二卷
D餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材
334+135
1
2
1
0
C室内植物利于身心
264+126
2
1
1
0
2025浙江1月卷
C矩阵式种植方法
299+121
1
1
1
1
2024年
2024·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异
323+160
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与自然：现代生物采样数据的科学性
366+122
1
3
0
0
2024·新高考II卷
B篇：人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭
276+126
2
2
0
0
C篇：人与社会：巴比伦微农场
272+125
2
1
1
0
D篇：人与社会：图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》
321+160
0
3
0
1
2024·全国甲卷
B篇：人与自然：了解猫的行为
312+124
1
1
1
1
C篇：人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯列车
282+111
1
3
0
0
D篇：人与社会：谈论文学作品的最佳结局
351+146
1
3
0
0
2024·浙江卷1月卷
人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引发思考
340+149
1
1
1
0
2023年
2023·新高考I卷
C篇：人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式
322+ 107
1
2
0
1
D篇：人与社会：“群体智慧”效
339+112
1
2
1
0
2023·新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
人与自然：保护城市中的野生自然
320+156
1
3
0
0
2023·全国甲卷
人与自然：美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头
321+149
2
2
0
0
2023·全国乙卷
人与社会：英国烹饪节目的影响
295+103
2
2
0
0
2023·浙江卷
人与社会：新型的太阳能农场
317+149
2
1
1
0
Para1研究背景（问题）
mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f digital recrds；nt perfect大多数生物多样性记录通常以数字记录的形式存在，但并非完美
Para2研究原因
Observatinal data，Are they usable?Daru想知道这种观测数据是否有用。
Para3过程与方法
Using a glbal dataset Daru和他的团队使用了一个全球数据集进行测试
Para4-5结论与解释
the large number f bservatin-nly recrds are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species.大量的仅观察记录有失偏颇，倾向于于某些地区、时间段和物种。
Para6-8研究前景
Bidiversity apps；infrm users利用生物多样性应用程序引导用户
Para 1——Prblem
As new technlgies take n increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push t make them genderless. 随着新技术越来越像人类，人们一直在推动它们变得无性别。
Para2——finding（研究发现）1
gender increased users’ feelings f attachment t these devices and their interest in purchasing them.性别增加了用户对这些设备的依恋感和购买兴趣。
Para 3——Analysis
While gendering a prduct may be gd marketing, it may als strengthen utdated r harmful ideas abut pwer and identity.虽然给产品性别化可能是好的营销，但它也可能强化过时或有害的权力和身份观念。
Para 4——finding（研究发现）2
creating a genderless bject was difficult 创建无性别的对象很困难
Para 5——slutin
anthrpmrphism (拟人化) “prvides an pprtunity t change steretypes.“拟人化”提供了一个改变刻板印象的机会。
Para 1——feeling（感受）
yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd（浪费食物的感受）
Para2——slutin（方法）1
ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.纽约一家很受欢迎的餐厅尝试了一种不同的方式：它改变了菜单，只提供本来会被扔掉的食物。
Para 3-5 ——slutin（方法）2
wastED slved the prblem successfully wastED成功解决了这个问题
Para 6——evaluatin
creating a genderless bject was difficult 创建无性别的对象很困难