2026译林新版八年下册英语 Unit 1 Past and present! 讲义

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Unit 1 Past and present!单词解析Underground (名词) 地铁【用法讲解】 underground为可数名词，其复数形式为undergrounds；underground还可为形容词，译为“地下的、秘密的”；underground还可为副词，译为“在地下、秘密地”。 Eg: This city has a well - developed underground system. 这个城市有发达的地铁系统。The underground station is crowded during rush hours. 地铁站在高峰时段很拥挤。They ran an underground resistance movement during the war. 战争期间，他们开展了一场地下抵抗运动。Rabbits live underground. 兔子生活在地下。【常见搭配】 underground station 地铁站 Take the underground 坐地铁Eg: There is an underground station near my home. 我家附近有一个地铁站。 I take the underground to work every day. 我每天乘地铁上班。【即学即用】How do I get to the u_________ station?Speed (名词) 速度【用法讲解】 speed为不可数名词时，指抽象概念“速度”；speed为可数名词时，指具体“速度值”；speed还可为动词，译为“加速、快速移动”，其过去式为sped。 Eg: She finished the work with amazing speed. 她以惊人的速度完成了工作。The ambulance sped through the red light. 救护车闯红灯疾驰而过。【常见搭配】 at a speed of ... 以...的速度 Speed limit 限速 Eg: The car was traveling at a speed of 120 km/h. 这辆车以每小时120公里的速度行驶。What’s the speed limit on this road? 这条路限速多少？【即学即用】Slow down! You’re exceeding the _______ ________ (限速).High - speed train (名词) 高速列车【用法讲解】 high - speed train为可数名词，其复数形式为high - speed trains。 Eg: High - speed trains have revolutionized travel in China. 高铁彻底改变了中国的出行方式。【即学即用】The _____________ (高速列车) reaches a maximum speed of 350 km/h.Used to 曾经【用法讲解】 used to 后接动词原形，用于描述过去经常做某事或某种状态，但现在已不再如此。 Eg: I used to play basketball every weekend. 我过去每周都打篮球。【知识拓展】 be used to + doing 习惯于做某事 Be used to do 被用来做某事 Eg: I am used to waking up early. 我习惯早起了。Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来造纸。【即学即用】My brother used to ________ (hate) vegetables, but now he loves them. Crowded (形容词) 拥挤的【用法讲解】 crowded还可为动词crowd的过去式或过去分词形式。 Eg: If a place is crowded, it is full of people. 如果一个地方很拥挤，那就意味着那里挤满了人。【常见搭配】 be crowded with ... 挤满、充满 Eg: The market - place and street were crowded with those who’d come to barter. 市场和街道上挤满了来进行物物交换的人。【派生词】 crowd为动词，译为“聚集、挤满”；crowd也可为名词，译为“人群、一群人”。 注意：crowd为名词，作主语时谓语动词单复数取决于语境，强调集体性用单数，强调个体成员，用复数。 Eg: A large crowd gathered to watch the concert. 一大群人聚集观看演唱会。Tourists crowded the streets during the festival. 节日期间，游客挤满了街道。【常见搭配】 a crowd of ... 一大群... Crowd in/ into ... 挤进、涌入 Crowd around 围拢、聚集在...周围 Eg: They noticed a crowd of people shouting and cheering. 他们看到一群人在喊叫欢呼。The students crowded into the classroom. 学生们涌进了教室。People crowded around the stage to get a better view. 人们围拢在舞台周围以便看得更清楚。【即学即用】The room had been ________ (crowd) with books.Convenient (形容词) 方便的【用法讲解】 convenient在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: Would it be convenient for you to meet tomorrow? 明天见面你方便吗？【常见搭配】 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的 Convenient store 便利店 Eg: Is it convenient for you to come at 3 pm?你下午3点来方便吗？Can you tell where is the nearest convenient store? 请您告诉我最近的便利店在哪里？【派生词】 convenience为名词，译为“便利”； Inconvenient为形容词，译为“不便的”。 Eg: Living near the school is a great convenience. 住在学校附近很方便。This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. 这听上去似乎让人觉得不方便，可却有它深刻的内涵。【即学即用】It’s very ____________ (convenience) to have a supermarket near your home.Innovation (名词) 创新【用法讲解】 innovation为不可数名词时，译为“创新、改革”；innovation为可数名词时，译为“新方法、新制度、新事物”等，其复数形式为innovations。 Eg: Technological innovation changes our lives. 科技创新改变生活。 The vegetarian burger was an innovation which was rapidly exported to Britain. 素汉堡是一种新事物，被快速出口到英国。【常见搭配】 a culture of innovation 创新文化 Innovation in sth. 在某领域的创新 Eg: Google is known for its culture of innovation.谷歌以其创新文化闻名。There has been significant innovation in renewable energy. 可再生能源领域有重大创新。【派生词】 innovative为形容词，译为“创新的”。 Eg: We need innovative ways to solve environmental problems. 我们需要创新的方法来解决环境问题。【即学即用】Education systems should drive _________ (innovative).Southern (形容词) 南部的、南方的【用法讲解】 southern在句中常作定语修饰名词。 Eg: The southern part of the country has a warmer climate. 这个国家的南部气候更温暖。【常见搭配】 in the southern part of ... 在...的南部 Southern hemisphere 南半球 Southern Europe 南欧 Eg: There are many beautiful beaches in the southern part of the island. 在这个岛的南部有许多美丽的海滩。 Australia is located in the southern hemisphere. 澳大利亚位于南半球。 The climate in southern Europe is generally warmer than that in northern Europe. 南欧的气候通常比北欧温暖。【派生词】 south可为名词，译为“南方”，south也可为形容词，译为“南方的”；south也可为副词，译为“向南”。 Eg: The south of France is beautiful. 法国南部很美。Turn south at the next intersection. 在下一个十字路口向南转。【即学即用】The _________ (south) cities of China have a long history and rich culture.High - tech (形容词) 高技术的、高科技的（尤指电子方面）【用法讲解】 high - tech在句中常作定语；high - tech还可为名词，译为“高科技”。 Eg: The company specializes in high - tech products. 这家公司专注于高科技产品。Investments in high - tech are increasing rapidly. 对高科技的投资正在快速增长。【常见搭配】 high - tech industry 高科技产业 Eg: Silicon Valley is famous for its high - tech industry. 硅谷以其高科技产业闻名。【即学即用】This _________ (高科技的) device can monitor your health in real time.Pioneer (名词) 先锋、先驱【用法讲解】 pioneer为可数名词，其复数形式为pioneers；pioneer还可为动词，译为“开创”；pioneer还可为形容词，译为“具有开创性的”（较少见）。 Eg: Steve Jobs was a pioneer in personal computing. 乔布斯是个人计算机领域的先驱。Mobile - phone companies are pioneering mobile payment services. 手机公司正在开创移动支付服务。The company developed pioneering technologies. 该公司开发了具有开创性的技术。【常见搭配】 pioneer in (doing) sth. 是某领域/做某事的先驱 Pioneer the way for sth. 为某事开辟道路 Pioneer spirit 先驱精神、开拓精神 Pioneering work 开创性工作 Young pioneer 少先队员 Eg: Marie Curie was a pioneer in researching radioactivity. 居里夫人是研究放射性的先驱。The project pioneered the way for sustainable architecture. 该项目为可持续建筑开辟了道路。Silicon Valley entrepreneurs are admired for their pioneer spirit. 硅谷企业家因其开拓精神而备受赞誉。Alan Turing’s pioneering work laid the foundation for computer science. 艾伦.图灵的开创性工作为计算机科学奠定了基础。Two members of the Young Pioneer came and gave me a hand. 这时来了两个少先队员帮助我。【派生词】 pioneering为形容词，译为“开创性的、先驱的、创新的”。 Eg: His pioneering research in genetics changed modern medicine. 他在遗传学上的开创性研究改变了现代医学。【常见搭配】 pioneering spirit 开拓精神 Pioneering role 先驱角色 Eg: The early settlers showed a strong pioneering spirit.早期移民展现了强烈的开拓精神。She played a pioneering role in women’s education. 她在女性教育中扮演了先驱角色。【即学即用】他被公认为是人工智能领域的先驱。 He is recognized as _______ ________ ______ the field of artificial intelligence. The startup developed ___________ (pioneer) technology in renewable energy.Reform (名词) 改革【用法讲解】 reform为可数名词，其复数形式为reforms；reform还可为动词，译为“改革、改造”。 Eg: The government introduced a series of economic reforms. 政府推行了一系列经济改革。The company reformed its management structure. 公司改革了管理体系。【常见搭配】 economic/ political/ social reform 经济/ 政治/ 社会改革 Reform movement 改革运动 Reform oneself 自我改造 Eg: The country is undergoing significant political reform. 该国正在经历重大的政治改革。The 19th - century reform movement changed many laws. 19世纪的改革运动改变了许多法律。After the incident, he decided to reform himself. 事件发生后，他决定自我改造。【即学即用】The healthcare _________ (改革) benefits millions of people.Very (形容词) 最......的、十足的【用法讲解】 very作形容词时常与the/ this/ that等连用；very还可为副词，译为“非常、很”。Eg: And you’re a very important person at this party. 你是这个晚会最重要的一个人。She is very talented. 她非常有才华。【常见搭配】 the very same 完全相同的 At the very beginning 在一开始 Not very 不太 Eg: We had the very same idea.我们有着完全相同的想法。At the very beginning, I was nervous. 一开始我很紧张。The movie was not very interesting. 这部电影不太有趣。【即学即用】You can meet some v________ basic requirements.At the heart of 在......的核心 Eg: The new policy is at the heart of the company’s future success. 这项新政策是公司未来成功的核心。【即学即用】问题的核心在于缺乏沟通。 _____ _____ ______ ______ the problem lies a lack of communication.Technology (名词) （= tech）技术【用法讲解】 technology为不可数名词。 Eg: Modern technology has revolutionized the way we communicate.现代技术彻底改变了我们的交流方式。【常见搭配】 advanced technology 先进技术 Information technology（IT） 信息技术 Technology company 科技公司 Eg: The company is known for its advanced technology in robotics. 这家公司以其机器人领域的先进技术而闻名。She works in the field of information technology. 她从事信息技术领域的工作。He started his career at a leading technology company. 他在一家领先的科技公司开始了职业生涯。【派生词】 technological为形容词，译为“技术上的、工艺上的”。 Eg: The company invests heavily in technological research to maintain its competitive edge. 该公司大力投资技术研究以保持竞争优势。【即学即用】The new smartphone features cutting - edge _________ (technological).Industry (名词) 行业、工业【用法讲解】 industry为不可数名词时，译为“工业”；industry为可数名词时，译为“行业、产业”，其复数形式为industries。 Eg: The automotive industry is investing heavily in electric vehicles. 汽车行业正在大力投资电动汽车。【常见搭配】 heavy industry 重工业 Service industry 服务业 Entertainment industry 娱乐业 Eg: The city is known for its heavy industry, especially steel production.这座城市以其重工业，尤其是钢铁生产而闻名。The service industry plays a crucial role in modern economies. 服务业在现代经济中起着至关重要的作用。She dreams of working in the entertainment industry. 她梦想在娱乐业工作。【派生词】 industrialize为动词，译为“使工业化、产业化”； industrial为形容词，译为“工业的、产业的”。 Eg: The process was simple and easy to industrialize. 该工艺简单，易于工业化。The Industrial Revolution began in England. 工业革命在英国开始。【即学即用】The film _________ (产业) is a major contributor to the local economy.Giant (名词) 大公司、巨人、庞然大物【用法讲解】 giant为可数名词，其复数形式为giants；giant还可为形容词，译为“巨大的、庞大的”。 Eg: The redwood trees in California are true giants of nature. 加利福尼亚的红杉树是大自然的真正巨人。We faced a giant challenge, but we succeeded in the end. 我们面临了一个巨大的挑战，但最终成功了。【常见搭配】 giant panda 大熊猫 Giant leap 巨大飞跃 Eg: The giant panda is a national treasure of China. 大熊猫是中国的国宝。This discovery represents a giant leap in medical science. 这一发现代表了医学领域的巨大飞跃。【派生词】 gigantic为形容词，译为“庞大的、极大的”。 Eg: Blue whales are gigantic creatures in the ocean. 蓝鲸是海洋里庞大的生物。【即学即用】The company has grown into a __________ (巨头) in the e- commerce industry.Lead (动词) 引领、领导；(名词) 领先地位、负责人、主演【用法讲解】lead为动词，其过去式/过去分词为led。 Eg: Eating too much junk food can lead to health problems. 吃太多垃圾食品会导致健康问题。Can you lead me to the nearest subway station? 你能带我去最近的地铁站吗？【常见搭配】lead sb. + 地点介词短语 把某人带到某地 Lead to 导致、通向 Lead sb. in doing sth. 引导某人做某事 Lead a ... life 过着...的生活 Eg: He led the guests into his room. 他把客人带到了自己的房间。The rain led to the road being slippery. 雨水导致地面滑。Our teacher leads us in learning English. 我们的老师引导我们学习英语。She leads a simple life. 她过着简朴的生活。They need a leader they can believe in. 他们需要一个可以信赖的领导。【派生词】 leader为名词，译为“领导者”。 Eg: He is a good leader. 他是一个好的领导者。【即学即用】努力工作会导致成功。 Hard work _______ _______ success.The _______ (lead) of the country made an important speech yesterday.Move (名词) 改变、转变、动摇【用法讲解】 move为不可数名词，但可与不定冠词a连用，表示具体动作或步骤；move还可为动词，译为“移动、搬家、行动、打动”等。 Eg: He made a sudden move to the left. 他突然向左移动了一下。 Please move your car, it’s blocking the driveway. 请把你的车挪一下，它当作了车道。 The government must move quickly. 政府必须立刻行动起来。【常见搭配】 move on 继续前进 Move to ... 搬到... Move in/ out 搬入/搬出 Make a move 采取行动 Move to tears 感动得流泪 Eg: After the argument, they decided to move on. 争吵后，他们决定翻篇。 They decided to move to the countryside for a quieter life. 他们决定搬到乡下过更安静的生活。 We will move in to the new house next month. 我们下个月将搬进新房子。 It’s time to make a move if we want to succeed. 如果想成功，现在是时候行动了。 Her speech moved the audience to tears. 她的演讲让观众感动落泪。【派生词】 Movement为名词，译为“运动”； moving为形容词，译为“感人的”； moved为形容词，译为“感动的”。 Eg: The environmental movement aims to protect natural resources. 环保运动旨在保护自然资源。This is a moving story. 这是一个感人的故事。She was moved by the speech. 她被演讲感动了。【即学即用】The company plans to m_________ its headquarters to a larger city.I was _________ (move) by her story.Wealth (名词) 大量、丰富、财富【用法讲解】 wealth为不可数名词。 Eg: His wealth comes from years of smart investments. 他的财富来自多年的明智投资。The country’s natural resources are a source of great wealth. 该国的自然资源是巨大的财富来源。【常见搭配】 A wealth of 大量的、丰富的 Accumulate wealth 积累财富 Wealth gap 贫富差距 Eg: The library has a wealth of books on art. 这个图书馆有大量关于艺术的书籍。He worked hard to accumulate wealth for his family. 他努力工作为家庭积累财富。The government is trying to reduce the wealth gap between rich and poor. 政府正在努力缩小贫富差距。【派生词】 wealthy为形容词，译为“富有的、财富的”。 Eg: The wealthy investor funded the project.这位富有的投资者投资了项目。【即学即用】我们在这个领域有丰富的经验。 We have ______ _______ _______ experience in this field.He wants to be a ________ (wealth) man. Excellent (形容词) 优秀的、杰出的、极好的【用法讲解】 excellent在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: She gave an excellent performance. 她表现得很出色。The food at the restaurant was excellent. 这家餐厅的食物非常棒。【常见搭配】 be excellent for .. 非常适合... Be excellent at ... 擅长...Eg: This book is excellent for learning grammar.这本书非常适合学习法语。She is excellent at solving problems. 她非常擅长解决问题。【派生词】 excellence为名词，译为“优秀、卓越、杰出”； excellently为副词，译为“出色地”。 Eg: Excellence in teamwork often leads to unexpected breakthroughs. 团队合作中的卓越表现常能带来意想不到的突破。 She performed excellently on the final exam, earning the highest score in her class. 她在期末考试中表现优异，取得了全班最高分。【即学即用】She did an ___________ (excellence) job on the project.Educational (形容词) 教育的、有关教育的【用法讲解】 educational在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The museum offers educational activities for children. 博物馆为孩子们提供教育活动。The documentary was very educational. 这部纪录片非常有教育意义。【常见搭配】 educational system 教育体系 Educational institution 教育机构 Educational resources 教育资源 Eg: The educational system in Finland is highly regarded worldwide. 芬兰的教育体系在全球备受推崇。Harvard is one of the most prestigious educational institutions. 哈佛是最负盛名的教育机构之一。The government is investing more in educational resources. 政府正在加大对教育资源的投入。【派生词】 education为名词，译为“教育”； educate为动词，译为“教育、训练、教导”； educator为名词，译为“教育工作者”； educated为形容词，译为“受过教育的、有教养的”。 Eg: It’s important for children to get a good education. 对于孩子来说得到好的教育很重要。The object is to educate people about road safety. 目的就是教育大众注意交通安全。A Washington state educator is 2013’s National Teacher of the Year. 一名华盛顿州的教育工作者荣获2013年年度教师。Reading is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。【即学即用】The game is ___________ (educate) in teaching math skills.Award (名词) 奖、奖项【用法讲解】 award为可数名词，其复数形式为awards；award还可为动词，译为“授予、颁发、判给”等。 Eg: He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. 他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。The film received several awards at the festival. 这部电影在电影节上获得了多个奖项。The judge awarded damages to the victim. 法官判给受害者赔偿金。【常见搭配】 win/ receive an award 赢得/ 获得奖项 Present/ give an award 颁发奖项 Award ceremony 颁奖典礼 Eg: She won an award for her outstanding performance. 她因出色的表现赢得了奖项。The mayor presented the award to the young artist. 市长向这位年轻艺术家颁发了奖项。The award ceremony will be held next week. 颁奖典礼将于下周举行。【即学即用】They gave her an ________ (奖项) for her bravery.Public (名词) 民众；(形容词) 公共的、公众的【常见搭配】 public作名词时为不可数名词。 Eg: This is a public park, so everyone can enter it for free. 这是一个公共公园，所以每个人都可以免费进入。The government should consider the opinions of the public. 政府应该考虑公众的意见。【常见搭配】 in public 在公共场合 Public figure 公众人物 Public service 公共服务 Public facility 公共设施 Public transport 公共交通 Go public 上市 Eg: She rarely sings in public due to stage fright. 她因怯场很少在公共场合唱歌。As a public figure, her comments often influence social opinions. 作为公众人物，她的言论常影响社会观点。Working in public service requires a strong sense of responsibility. 从事公共服务需要强烈的责任感。The city invested in improving public facility. 市政府投资改善公共设施。I prefer using public transport to avoid traffic jams. 我更喜欢使用公共交通以避免堵车。The company went public last year. 这家公司去年上市了。【派生词】 publicity为名词，译为“宣传、公开”。 Eg: There has been a lot of advance publicity for her new film.她的新电影尚未上映即大加宣传。【即学即用】他不怕在公众面前表达自己的意见。 He’s not afraid to express his opinions ______ _______.Citizen (名词) 居民、市民、公民【用法讲解】 citizen为可数名词，其复数形式为citizens。 Eg: As a citizen, you have both rights and responsibilities. 作为公民，你既有权利也有责任。The city is planning to build more parks for its citizens. 这座城市计划为市民修建更多的公园。【常见搭配】 a citizen of ... ...的公民 Senior citizen 老年人 Citizen rights 公民权利 Eg: She is a citizen of Canada.她是加拿大公民。Senior citizens often receive discounts at museums. 老年人通常在博物馆享受折扣。The constitution protects citizen rights.宪法保护公民权利。【派生词】 citizenship为名词，译为“公民身份”。 Eg: Citizenship is about the sense of nationhood. 公民身份涉及国家意识。【即学即用】He became a Chinese _________(公民) after living there for ten years.Greenway (名词) 林荫道【用法讲解】 greenway为可数名词，其复数形式为greenways。 Eg: The greenway is a popular spot for joggers and cyclists. 这条林荫道是跑步者和骑行者的热门去处。【易混辨析】 greenway与sidewalk区别： Greenway专为休闲或生态保护设计的绿化通道，通常远离机动车道； Sidewalk城市中的人行道，紧邻机动车道。 Eg: The greenway winds through the forest.林荫道蜿蜒穿过森林。Pedestrians should walk on the sidewalk.行人应走人行道。【即学即用】The __________ (林荫路) is lined with trees and benches.Electric (形容词) 电动的【用法讲解】 electric在句中常作定语或表语，也可译为“激动人心的”。 Eg: She bought an electric car to reduce pollution. 她买了一辆电动车以减少污染。The concert had an electric atmosphere. 音乐会的气氛非常激动人心。【常见搭配】 electric power 电力 Electric bill 电费账单 Electric vehicle 电动车 Electric ligh 电灯 Eg: The city relies on electric power for lighting. 这座城市依靠电力照明。The electric bill was higher this month. 这个月的电费账单更高了。Electric vehicles are becoming more popular. 电动车越来越受欢迎。The invention of the electric light changed the world. 电灯的发明改变了世界。【派生词】 electrical为形容词，译为“用电的”； electronic为形容词，译为“电子的”； Electricity为名词，译为“电、电能”； electrify为动词，译为“使充电、使通电”。 Eg: These electrical appliances are on sale in this shop. 商店里的这些电器在打折。Electronic devices are useful in our life. 电子设备在我们的生活中非常有用。Electricity is essential for modern life. 电对现代生活至关重要。The new power station will electrify the region. 新电站将为该地区供电。【即学即用】 The __________ (electricity) car is becoming more popular due to its environmental benefits.Planner (名词) 设计者、规划者【用法讲解】 Planner为可数名词，其复数形式为planners，还可译为“记事本”。 Eg: The event planner made sure everything ran smoothly.活动策划人确保一切顺利进行。This digital planner helps me stay organized. 这个电子计划本帮助我保持条理。【常见搭配】 urban planner 城市规划师 Financial planner 财务规划师 Project planner 项目策划人 Eg: She works as an urban planner for the city government. 她为市政府担任城市规划师。A good financial planner can help you manage your savings. 一个好的财务规划师可以帮助你管理储蓄。The project planner outlined the timeline for the construction. 项目策划人概述了施工的时间表。【派生词】 plan为名词或动词，译为“计划”。 Eg: My parents planned to have a picnic in the park this weekend.我的父母计划这周末去公园野餐。【即学即用】Urban _________ (plan) design cities to improve living conditions.Since (介词/连词) 自......以来【用法讲解】 since为连词，用来引导原因状语从句；since为介词时，译为“自从...以来”，后面可接具体时间点、“一段时间 + ago”或从句，常用于现在完成时中。 Eg:Since the weather is terrible, we’ll cancel the picnic. 因为天气糟糕，我们取消了野餐。 I have been here since 1989. 自1989年起，我就一直在这里。I have been here since five months ago. 我在这里已经五个月了。Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，这里发生了巨大的变化。【常见搭配】 It is/ has been + 一段时间 + since从句 Ever since 从那时起一直到现在 Since then 从那时起 Eg: It has been years since I saw him. 我很多年没见过他了。He moved to London in 2010 and has worked there ever since. 他2010年搬到伦敦，从那时起一直在那里工作。Since then, the policy has been revised twice. 此后，该政策已修订两次。【即学即用】自那以后，我就一直在观望事情的发展。 ______ _______, I’ve been waiting on events.Development (名词) 发展、成长【用法讲解】 development为不可数名词，但在表示“发展成果、开发区”等时为可数名词，其复数形式为developments。 Eg: Education is central to a country’s economic development. 教育是国家经济发展的核心。There is a new housing development in the suburbs. 郊区有一个新的住宅开放去区。【派生词】 develop为动词，译为“发展、培养”； developing为形容词，译为“发展中的”； developed为形容词，译为“发达的”。 Eg: We need more time to see how things develop before we take action. 我们采取行动以前需要有更多时间观察情况的发展。China is still a developing country in every sense of this term. 中国是实实在在的发张中国家。America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。【即学即用】The ___________ (develop) of the Internet has changed our lives.Creativity (名词) 创造力【用法讲解】 creativity为不可数名词。 Eg: Creativity is the key to innovation in any field. 创造力是任何领域创新的关键。【派生词】 create为动词，译为“创造、创作”； creative为形容词，译为“创造力的”； creation为名词，译为“创造物、作品”。 Eg: An artist creates painting. 艺术家创作画作。Creative thinking is essential for problem - solving. 创造性思维对解决问题至关重要。In the Bible, the Creation is the making of the world by God. 在《圣经》中，创造指上帝造物。【即学即用】Children’s _________ (create) often surprises adults.Certainly (副词) 无疑、肯定【用法讲解】 certainly作副词还译为“当然、确实”。 Eg: He is certainly the best candidate for the job. 他无疑是这份工作的最佳人选。-- Can you help me? -- Certainly.-- 你能帮我吗？ -- 当然可以。This is certainly the most beautiful place I’ve ever seen. 这确实是我见过最美的地方。【常见搭配】 certainly not 当然不 Certainly possible 当然可能 Certainly true 确实如此 Eg: Would you lie to me? Certainly not!你会对我撒谎吗？ 当然不会！It’s certainly possible to finish the project on time. 按时完成项目当然是可能的。What she said is certainly true.她说的确实是真的。【派生词】 certain为形容词，译为“确定的、肯定的”； uncertain为形容词，译为“不确定的、不肯定的”。 Eg: It is certain that the meeting will start at 9 am sharp. 会议将在上午9点准时开始，这是确定的。The economic outlook remains uncertain. 经济前景仍然不明确。【即学即用】This is _________ (certain) the best option.Key (名词) 关键、键、琴键；(形容词) 关键的【用法讲解】 key为可数名词，还可译为“钥匙、答案”，其复数形式为keys；key还可为动词，译为“键入、调整”。 Eg: Cost is a key factor in our decision.成本是我们决策的关键因素。I can’t find my care keys. 我找不到车钥匙了。Practice is the key to success. 练习是成功的关键。She quickly keyed in the password. 她快速输入了密码。【常见搭配】 the key to ... ...的关键 Play a key role in... 在...中起关键作用 Eg: Hard work is the key to success. 努力是成功的关键。She plays a key role in the team. 她在团队中起关键作用。【即学即用】她在这个项目中扮演关键角色。 She _______ ______ ______ ______ in the project.Make a living 谋生 Eg: It’s hard to make a living in this expensive city. 在这个无价高昂的城市很难谋生。【常见搭配】 struggle to make a living 艰难谋生 Make a living from/ by doing sth. 通过做某事谋生 Eg: Many people in rural areas struggle to make a living.许多农村地区的人艰难谋生。They makes a living by teaching English online. 他通过在线教英语谋生。【即学即用】他靠卖手工制品谋生。 He _______ ______ _______ by selling handmade crafts.World - famous (形容词) 举世闻名的【用法讲解】 world - famous在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: The Louvre is a world - famous museum. 卢浮宫是世界著名的博物馆。He is world - famous for his contributions to science. 他因科学贡献而举世闻名。【即学即用】This small town became ___________ (举世闻名的) for its handmade chocolates.Transport (名词) 交通运输系统【用法讲解】 transport为不可数名词，也可译为“运输、交通工具”；transport还可为动词，译为“运输、运送”等。 Eg: The transport of dangerous chemicals requires special permits. 危险化学品的运输需要特殊许可。The company transports raw materials to factories across the country. 这家公司将原材料运往全国各地的工厂。【常见搭配】 public transport 公共交通 Transport system 交通系统 Transport goods 运输货物 Eg: I prefer using public transport to avoid traffic. 我更喜欢使用公共交通以避免堵车。The city’s transport system is very efficient. 这座城市的交通系统非常高效。Trucks are used to transport goods across the country. 卡车用于在全国范围内运输货物。【派生词】 transportation为名词，译为“公共交通系统”； transporter为名词，译为“运输者”。 Eg: The city’s transportation system is very efficient. 这个城市的公共交通系统非常高效。He is a transporter of goods. 他是一名货物运输者。【即学即用】The city’s _________ (交通) network connects all major cities.Recently (副词) 最近【用法讲解】 recently作副词，还可译为“新近、最新”，常位于助动词之后，实义动词之前或句子的开头。 Eg: I recently moved to a new apartment. 我最近搬到了一间新公寓。Recently, I have been very busy. 最近，我一直很忙。【常见搭配】 as recently as... 就在最近 Until recently 直到最近 Eg: As recently as last week, they were still negotiating the deal. 就在上周，他们还在谈判这笔交易。Until recently, he worked as a teacher. 直到最近，他还在当老师。【派生词】 recent为形容词，译为“最近的、近来的”。 Eg: We received recent news. 我们收到最近的新闻。【即学即用】Have you read any good books ________ (recent)?Already (副词) 已经、早已【用法讲解】 already通常放在句中（助动词之后、实义动词之前）或句末，常与现在完成时连用。 Eg: She has already finished her homework. 她已经完成了作业。They left already. 他们已经离开了。注意：already常用于肯定句中，用于否定句或疑问句时，常用yet。 Eg: She has already arrived. 她已经到了。 -- 否定句：She hasn’t arrived yet. 她还没有到。【即学即用】( )1. -- Have you washed your clothes ________? -- No, I haven’t. But I have cleaned the room _______.ago; already B. yet; yet C. before; yet D. yet; alreadyYet (副词) 尚（未）、还【用法讲解】 yet在否定句中，译为“还没有、尚未”；yet在疑问句中，译为“是否已经”；yet用在肯定句中时，译为“然而、但是”。Yet常常用于现在完成时中，表示某事到目前为止尚未发生。 Eg: He hasn’t finished his homework yet. 他还没有完成作业。 Have you eaten yet? 你已经吃过了吗？ She is young, yet she is very wise. 她很年轻，然而她非常聪明。 I haven’t heard from him yet. 我还没有收到他的消息。【常见搭配】 not yet 还没有 Just yet 到现在为止 As yet 迄今为止 Not just yet 现在还不 Eg: The bus has not arrived yet. 公交车还没有到。 I can’t leave just yet. 我还不能走。 We’ve seen a lot, as yet there’s much more to explore. 我们已经看了很多，但还有更多要探索的。I have not decided not just yet. 我还没有决定。【即学即用】 ( )1. Have the test results arrived _______?yet B. already C. still D. everReporter (名词) 记者【用法讲解】 reporter为可数名词，其复数形式为reporters。 Eg: The reporter asked the president about his economic policies. 记者向总统询问了他的经济政策。A local reporter wrote an article about the community event. 一名当地记者写了一篇关于社区活动的文章。【常见搭配】 news reporter 新闻记者 Sports reporter 体育记者 Foreign reporter 驻外记者 Eg: She works as a news reporter for a major TV station. 她是一家主要电视台的新闻记者。The sports reporter covered the Olympic Games live. 这位体育记者现场报道了奥运会。The foreign reporter sent updates from the conflict zone. 这位驻外记者从冲突地区发回了最新消息。【派生词】 report为动词，译为“报道、报告”。 Eg: He reported seeing a strange man near the bank. 他报告说看到一个陌生人在银行附近。【即学即用】A group of __________ (report) waited outside the celebrity’s house.Fall in love with 爱上...... Eg: He fell in love with Italian cuisine during his trip.他在旅行中爱上了意大利菜。She fell in love with him at first sight. 她第一眼见到他就爱上了他。【即学即用】他15岁时爱上了摄影。 He ______ ______ ______ _______ photography when he was 15.Line (名词) （交通）路线、线（条）、行列【用法讲解】 line为可数名词，其复数形式为lines，还可译为“界限、行业、台词”等；line还可作动词，译为“排成一行、用线标出、沿...排列”。 Eg: Draw a straight line on the paper. 在纸上画一条直线。There was a long line of cars on the highway during the holiday. 假期期间高速公路上有一长排汽车。Take the No. 10 bus line to get to the museum. 乘坐10路公交线路去博物馆。The river is the dividing line between the two countries. 这条河是两国之间的分界线。She works in the fashion line. 她在时尚行业工作。The actor spent hours learning his lines. 这位演员花了几个小时背台词。Please line the books up on the shelf neatly. 请把书整齐地排在书架上。Line the paper with a pencil before writing. 写字前先用铅笔在纸上划线。【常见搭配】 stand in a line 站成一排 Wait in line 排队等候 Cut in line 插队 The flight line 航线 The border line 边界线 Line up 排队 Eg: The students stood in a line to enter the classroom. 学生们站成一排进入教室。People are waiting in line to buy tickets. 人们在排队买票。Don’t cut in line, please. 请不要插队。The plane is on its flight line to New York. 飞机正在飞往纽约的航线上。The soldiers are guarding the border line. 士兵们在守卫边界线。 The students lined up for the assembly. 学生们排队参加集会。【即学即用】Please write your name in a straight ________ (线).电影院门口总是有很多人排队等候买票。 There are always many people ________ ______ _______ at the movie theater entrance to buy tickets. Step (动词) 迈步、踩、踏、行走【用法讲解】 step为可数名词，其复数形式为steps，译为“台阶、梯级、脚步声、步骤”。 Eg: You’re stepping on my foot. 你踩到我的脚了。The president took immediate steps to stop the fighting. 总统立即采取措施阻止战斗。He took a step back and held the door open. 他后退一步，把门撑开着。【常见搭配】 take a step 采取措施 Step by step 逐步地 Step back 退后一步 Take the first step 迈出第一步 Eg: Won’t you take a step into the lion’s den? 你不准备采取措施走入狮子巢穴吗？The project was completed step by step. 项目一步步地完成。He stepped back to avoid the collision. 他后退一步以避免碰撞。Don’t be afraid to take the first step towards your dream. 不要害怕朝着你的梦想迈出第一步。【即学即用】There are several _________ (step) on the staircase.为了提高你的英语水平，采取行动，每天和英语为母语的人练习说英语。 To improve your English, ______ _____ ______ and practice speaking with native speakers every day.Wide (形容词) 宽的、宽阔的【用法讲解】 wide在句中常作定语或表语，也可译为“广泛的”；wide也可为副词，译为“宽阔地、广泛地”。 Eg: The river is too wide to swim across. 这条河太宽了，无法游过去。He opened his arms wide. 他张开双臂。He has a wide knowledge of history. 他对历史有广泛的了解。【常见搭配】 wide open 大开的、完全开放的 Wide awake 完全清醒的 Far and wide 到处、广泛地Eg: The door was left wide open. 门大开着。 After the coffee, I was wide awake. 喝完咖啡后，我完全清醒了。People came from far and wide to attend the festival. 人们从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。【派生词】 widely为副词，译为“广泛地、普遍地” widen为动词，译为“加宽、扩大”； width为名词，译为“宽度”。 Eg: He is widely known for his research. 他因他的研究广为人知。The road was widened to reduce traffic. 为了减少交通这条路被加宽了。The width of the river is about 50 meters. 这条河的宽度是大约50米。【即学即用】The road is ________ (宽的) enough for two cars.Row (名词) 一排、一列、一行【用法讲解】 row为可数名词，其复数形式为rows；row还可为动词，译为“划船”。 Eg: The apples were stacked in rows. 苹果被排成一列列的。 Count and see how many trees there are in a row. 数数看一行有多少棵树。There was a row about the new policy. 关于新政策发生了一场争执。The team rowed their boat to the finish line. 团队划船抵达了终点线。【常见搭配】 go for a row = row a boat 划船 Row with sb. 与某人争吵 In a row 连续地 In rows 一排排，成排的 Eg: We went for a row on the lake. 我们在湖上划船了。They often row with each other. 他们经常吵架。This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。They are in rows and not high. 它们排成一排，并不高。【即学即用】男孩们在草地上排成几行。 The boys ranged themselves _______ _______ on the grass.Muddy (形容词) 泥泞的【用法讲解】 muddy在句中作定语或表语；muddy还可为动词，译为“使沾上泥、使浑浊”。 Eg: The children came back from the park with muddy clothes. 孩子们从公园回来，衣服上沾满了泥。The dog jumped into the pond and muddied the clear water. 狗跳进池塘，把清澈的水搅浑了。【常见搭配】 muddy the waters 把事情搞复杂 Muddy thinking 混乱的思维 Eg: His vague explanation only muddied the waters further. 他含糊的解释只会让事情更加复杂。Lack of sleep can lead to muddy thinking. 睡眠不足会导致思维混乱。【派生词】 mud为名词，译为“泥、泥浆”； Eg: The children played in the mud. 孩子们在泥里玩耍。【即学即用】The children came home with _________ (mud) hands and faces.Villager (名词) 村民【用法讲解】 villager为可数名词，其复数形式为villagers。 Eg: The villagers gathered to discuss the new road project. 村民们聚集在一起讨论新的道路工程。【常见搭配】 local villager 当地村民 Villager life 村民生活 A group of villagers 一群村民 Villagers’ committee 村民委员会 Eg: The local villagers helped rebuild the bridge. 当地村民帮助重建了这座桥。The documentary shows traditional villager life. 这部纪录片展示了传统的村民生活。A group of villagers protested against the new construction project. 一群村民反对新的建设项目。The villagers’ committee organized a meeting to discuss the issue. 村民委员会组织了一次会议讨论这个问题。【派生词】 village为名词，译为“村庄”。 Eg: This village is so beautiful. 这个村庄太美了。【即学即用】A kind _________ (village) offered us shelter during the storm.Recent (形容词) 近来的、新近的【用法讲解】 recent在句中常位于名词前作定语。 Eg: The recent storm caused a lot of damage.最近的暴风雨造成了很大破坏。【常见搭配】 recent events 近期事件 In recent years 近年来 Recent history 近代史 Eg: The news covers all the recent events in politics. 新闻涵盖了政治领域的所有近期事件。Technology has advanced rapidly in recent years. 近年来技术发展迅速。This book focuses on the recent history of Europe. 这本书专注于欧洲的近代史。【派生词】 recently为副词，译为“最近”。 Eg: Have you used it recently? 你最近用过它吗？【即学即用】The ________ (recently) increase in prices has affected many families.Hopeful (形容词) 抱有希望、满怀希望【用法讲解】 hopeful在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: He gave a hopeful smile when he heard the good news. 听到好消息时，他露出了充满希望的微笑。The doctor was hopeful that the treatment would work. 医生对治疗的效果抱有希望。【常见搭配】 be hopeful about ... 对...抱有希望 Hopeful future 有希望的未来 Feel hopeful 感到有希望 Eg: She is hopeful about her chances of getting the job.她对获得这份工作的机会抱有希望。The young athlete has a hopeful future ahead of her. 这位年轻运动员的未来充满希望。Despite the challenges, he feels hopeful. 尽管面临挑战，他仍然感到有希望。【派生词】 hope为动词，译为“希望”； hopeless为形容词，译为“无望的、绝望的”。 Eg: I hope you have a wonderful day. 我希望你度过美好的一天。After hours of searching, they felt hopeless. 数小时的搜寻后，他们感到绝望。【即学即用】The doctor’s report was _________ (hope), indicating a full recovery.Guest (名词) 旅客、房客、客人【用法讲解】 guest为可数名词，其复数形式为guests；guest可为动词，译为“客串、做特邀嘉宾”。 Eg: We have a guest staying for the weekend. 有位客人要留下来过周末。She will guest on a popular TV show next week. 她下周将在一档热门电视节目中客串。【常见搭配】 guest room 客房 Guest house 小旅馆 Guest speaker 特邀发言人 Be my guest 请便 As a guest 作为客人 Eg: We have a guest room ready for your stay. 我们为您准备了一间客房。We checked into a guest house as soon as we arrived. 我们一到就入住了一家宾馆。The conference featured a guest speaker from Harvard. 会议邀请了一位来自哈佛的特邀发言人。-- Can I borrow your pen? -- Be my guest! -- 我可以借用你的笔吗？ -- 请便！【即学即用】These ________ (客人) enjoyed the delicious dinner at the party.Tourism (名词) 旅游业、观光业【用法讲解】 tourism为不可数名词。 Eg: International tourism is recovering after the pandemic. 国际旅游业正在疫情后复苏。【派生词】 tour为动词，译为“旅行、参观”； tourist为名词，译为“游客”。 Eg: The CEO will tour our Asian factories next month.下个月整个CEO将参观亚洲工厂。Millions of tourists visit Paris every year. 每年数百万游客参观巴黎。【即学即用】Thailand is famous for its medical _________ (tour) and affordable healthcare services.Theme (名词) 主题【用法讲解】 theme为可数名词，其复数形式为themes，还可译为“主旨、话题、课题”。 Eg: The theme of the conference is “Innovation for the Future”. 这次会议的主题是“创新未来”。The theme of the essay should be clearly stated in the introduction. 文章的主题应在引言中明确说明。【常见搭配】 Theme park 主题公园 Theme song 主题曲 Central theme 中心主题 Eg: We visited a Harry Potter theme park last summer. 去年夏天我们参观了一个哈利波特主题公园。The theme song of the movie became very popular. 这部电影的主题曲变得非常流行。The central theme of the novel is love and sacrifice. 这部小说的中心主题是爱和牺牲。【即学即用】The artist explored the ________ (主题) of loneliness in his paintings.Opinion (名词) 看法、想法【用法讲解】 opinion为不可数名词。 Eg: My opinion remains unchanged. 我的看法一如既往。【常见搭配】 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 Have a good/ bad opinion of sb./ sth. 对...的评价好/不好 Have an opinion about sth. 对某事有意见 Eg: In my opinion, the best way to learn a new language is through immersion. 在我看来，学习一门新语言的最佳方式是通过沉浸式学习。 I have a very good opinion of his work. 我对他的工作评价很好。 She has a strong opinion about raising children in the modern world. 她对在现代社会中抚养孩子有很强的意见。【即学即用】在我看来，学习英语非常重要。 ______ ______ ________, learning English is very important.Common (形容词) 普通的、共同的【用法讲解】 common常在句中作定语或表语。 Eg: This is a common problem among students. 这是学生中常见的问题。Cold weather is common in winter. 寒冷的天气在冬季很常见。【常见搭配】 common sense 常识 Common ground 共同点 Common practice 惯例 Common interest 共同兴趣 In common 共同的 Eg: It’s common sense to look both ways before crossing the road. 过马路前左右看是常识。Despite their differences, they found some common ground. 尽管有分歧，他们还是找到了一些共同点。It’s common practice to shake hands when meeting someone new. 初次见面握手是惯例。They bonded over their common interest in photography. 他们因为对摄影的共同兴趣而结缘。They have a lot in common. 他们有很多共同点。【派生词】 commonly为副词，译为“通常地”： uncommon为形容词，译为“罕见的、稀罕的”。 Eg: This is one of the most commonly used methods. 这是最常采用的方法之一。 Both are blessed with uncommon ability to fix things. 两人在修理东西上都有一手绝活。【即学即用】This is a _________ (普通的) problem among students.骑自行车时戴头盔是常识。 Using a helmet while biking is just ________ _______. 课文解析Great changes have taken place in China over the years. 过去多年里中国发生了巨大的改变。【用法讲解】Change在此处为名词，译为“变化”，还可译为“零钱”；change还可为动词，译为“改变、交换”。 Eg: She decided to change her hairstyle. 她决定改变她的发型。Can you change this $10 bill for smaller denominations? 你能把这张10美元的钞票兑换成小面额的吗？ Many changes have taken place since then. 自那以来，发生了许多变化。I don’t have any change for the parking meter. 我没有零钱来投放停车费。【常见搭配】 change ... into... 把...变成... Change... for ... 用...换来... Eg: I’m thinking of changing my car for a new one. 我正考虑换辆新车。He changed his dollars into francs. 他把美元换成了法郎。【易混辨析】 happen和take place的区别 happen通常用于描述偶然或突发性事件，强调事件的不可预测性和偶然性； Take place通常用于描述按计划或安排发生的事件，强调事件的计划性和预谋性。 Eg: An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。The meeting will take place next Monday. 会议将在下周一举行。【即学即用】这个魔术师把小女孩变成了鸟。 This magician ________ the girl ______ a bird.( )2. An accident _____ in the small town yesterday.take place B. happened C. was happened D. took placeI used to go to school by bike. 我过去骑自行车去上学。【用法讲解】 “by bike”译为“骑自行车”。英语中乘坐某种交通工具常用的表达方法：“By + 表示交通工具等的名词”，泛指乘某种交通工具，在句中作方式状语。Eg: by air/ plane 乘飞机 By ship/ underground/ train/ bus 乘船/地铁/火车/公共汽车“in/ on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 表示交通工具的名词”，在句中作方式状语。Eg: in one’s/ a car 乘坐小汽车 On a plane/ train 坐飞机/火车 On a/ one’s bike 骑自行车“take + a/ the + 表示交通工具的名词”，但“骑自行车”用“ride a bike”表示。Eg: He takes the train to Nanjing every year. 他每年都乘火车去南京。 I usually ride my bike to school. 我通常骑自行车去上学。“On foot”译为“步行”，是介词短语。注意：go to ... on foot = walk to... 译为“步行去...”。Eg: My dad goes to work on foot every day. = My dad walks to work every day. 我爸爸每天步行去上班。【即学即用】My sister will go to Beijing by plane tomorrow. (同义句转换) My sister will ______ ______ _______ to Beijing tomorrow. My sister will go to Beijing ______ ______ _______ tomorrow.The rise of Shenzhen: a city of innovation 深圳的崛起：一个创新的城市【易混辨析】 rise, arise与raise区别： Rise (动词)“上升”表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。 Arise (动词)“起身”主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。 raise (动词)“举起” 表示把具体事物举到高处。 Eg: The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。 He arises to greet her. 他起身向她问候。 He raises his hand to answer questions. 他举手回答问题。【即学即用】( )1. Last year the advertising rate _______ by 20 percent.raised B. rose C. arose D. went downA pioneer in China’s reform and opening up, Shenzhen has attracted workers from across the world. 作为中国改革开放的先锋，深圳吸引了来自世界各地的劳动者。【用法讲解】 attract为动词，译为“吸引、引起兴趣”。 Eg: The new exhibition attracted thousands of visitors. 新展览吸引了数千名参观者。His speech attracted criticism from the public. 他的演讲引起了公众的批评。【常见搭配】 attract one’s attention 吸引某人注意力 Be attracted by ... 被...吸引 Be attracted to ... 被吸引到... Eg: The loud noise attracted everyone’s attention. 巨大的噪音吸引了所有人的注意力。The audience was attracted by the performer’s skills. 观众被表演者的技巧吸引了。Many tourists are attracted to this city because of its history. 许多游客因为历史被吸引到这座城市。【派生词】 attraction为名词，译为“吸引、吸引力”； attractive为形容词，译为“有吸引力的、迷人的”。 Eg: The attraction of the city is its culture. 城市的吸引力在于其分化。I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent. 我觉得他魅力非凡，才智过人。【即学即用】The new product has a_________ a lot of interest.Innovation lies at the very heart of the city. 创新是这座城市的核心。【用法讲解】 Lie在此处为动词，译为“位于”，也可译为“躺、说谎”。 注意：译为“位于、躺”时，其过去式为lay，过去分词为lain；译为“说谎”时，其过去式为lied，过去分词为lied。 Eg: Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 She lies on the sofa every afternoon. 她每天下午躺在沙发上。He often lies about his work. 他经常谎报工作。【常见搭配】 lie to ... 位于...（不接壤） Lie on... 位于...（接壤） Lie in... 位于...（范围内） Lie off... 位于...（隔一段距离） Lie to sb. 多某人说谎 Eg: Russia lies on the north of China. 俄罗斯位于中国的北方。Liaoning lies in the north of China. 辽宁位于中国被北方。The island lies off the coast. 岛屿位于海岸外。He often lies to his parents. 他经常对父母说谎。【即学即用】 ( )1. Beijing lies _______ the northwest of Shanghai.to B. on C. in D. offToday, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”. 如今，它正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。【用法讲解】 made在此处为动词make的过去分词，前面通常需加be动词的适当形式。【常见搭配】 be made of ... 由...制成（能看出原材料） Be made from... 由...制成（看不出原材料） Be made in 地点 在...制作 Be made by 人 由某人制造 Be made into ... 被制成... Be made up of... 由...制成 Eg: The chair is made of bamboo. 这把椅子是竹子做的。The paper is made form wood. 纸是由木材制成的。The pen is made in China. 这支钢笔是中国制造的。This cake is made by my mom. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈制作的。Grapes can be made into wine. 葡萄可以被制成葡萄酒。The team is made up of ten boys. 这支队伍由十个男孩组成。【即学即用】( )1. Our teacher told us that water was made ________ oxygen and hydrogen.of B. from C. up of D. into这辆车是德国制造。 This car ______ ______ ______ Germany.Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre. 深圳也积极致力于成为文化中心。【用法讲解】 drive作名词，译为“冲劲、驱车旅行”；drive还可为动词，译为“驾驶、迫使、推动”，其过去式为drove，过去分词为driven。 Eg: She has a drive to succeed. 她有成功的冲动。I went for a drive in the countryside. 我开车去乡下。She drives a car to work every day. 我每天开车上班。The farmer drove the cattle to the field. 农民把牛赶到田野。The team is driven to complete the project on time. 团队致力于按时完成项目。【常见搭配】 have a drive for ... 对...有冲劲、有对...的本能需求drive sb. crazy/ mad 使某人发疯或抓狂 Drive sb. away 赶走某人 Drive home sth. 强调某点 Drive out sth. 消除或根除某物 Take a drive 短途驾驶 Eg: Tom has a strong drive for knowledge, so he always studies hard. 汤姆对知识有强烈的冲劲，所以他总是努力学习。The constant delays are driving me mad! 不断的延误快把我逼疯了！High prices drove away potential buyers. 高价吓退了潜在买家。She drove home the need for teamwork. 她反复强调团队合作的必要性。Efforts to drive out invasive species continue. 根除外来入侵物种的努力持续进行。We took a drive to watch the sunset. 我们开车去看日落。【派生词】 driver为名词，译为“司机”。 Eg: The bus driver asked them to move along. 公共汽车司机让他们往里走走。【即学即用】有时金钱可以让人疯狂，甚至毁掉他们。 Sometimes money can _______ _______ ________ and even kill them.The ________ (drive) sits at the front of the bus.It offers a wealth of cultural facilities with libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. 它拥有丰富的文化设施，包括图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间，还有许多精彩的文化和教育活动。【用法讲解】知识点一：offer在此处为动词，译为“提供”；offer还可为名词，译为“邀请、提议、帮助、优惠、机会”等。 Eg: The company offered him a job with a good salary. 公司给他提供了一个薪水不错的工作。 She received a job offer from a tech company. 她收到了一家科技公司的工作邀请。 Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感谢你的善意帮助。 This products is on a 20% discount offer. 这个产品打八折优惠。 The company provides free training offers to new employees. 公司为新员工提供免费培训机会。【常见搭配】 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 提供某人某物 Make/ put in an offer 提出报价 On offer 可买到、可使用 Eg: He offered a seat to the elderly lady. = He offered the elderly lady a seat. 他给那位老奶奶让了座。They made an offer on the house. 他们对这栋房子提出了报价。Prizes worth more than $20,000are on offer. 奖品总值超过20，000美元，可供领取。【易混辨析】 offer与provide区别: offer通常指主动提供某物或某服务，带有一定的积极性和自愿性，与job、help等词搭配； provide则更常用于提出计划、建议或观点，与with连用。 Eg: I offered to buy her lunch, but she declined. 我提出请她吃午饭，但她拒绝了。They will provide us with eggs. 他们为我们提供鸡蛋。知识点二：“as well as”译为“除...之外、也、还”。注意：当“as well as”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式要与前面的主语保持一致；as well as后接动词时需用doing形式。 Eg: The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in this new teaching method. 老师以及学生们都对这种新的教学方法感兴趣。She bought a book as well as a pen. 她买了一本书以及一支钢笔。The project will bring economic benefits as well as social benefits. 这个项目不但会带来经济效益，还会带来社会效益。 He likes reading as well as playing football. 他喜欢读书以及踢足球。【即学即用】( )1. He _______ me a job, but I didn’t accept.offers B. offered C. provides D. provided( )2. My sister, as well as her friends, _______ to go shopping on weekends.like B. likes C. liking D. liked她既会做美味的饭菜，又会烤蛋糕。 She can cook delicious meals ______ ______ ______ bake cakes.Even among the busy streets and tall buildings, you can find peace and quiet in this modern city. 即便在繁忙的街道和高楼大厦之间，你也能在这座现代化城市中找到宁静。【用法讲解】 among为介词，译为“在...中、...之一”。Eg: There are many talented musicians among the participants. 参赛者中有很多才华横溢的音乐家。【易混辨析】 between和among区别 between通常用于两者之间，常与and连用； among主要用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间。 Eg: The gap between the two teams is significant. 两队之间的差距显著。 The village is located among the mountains. 村庄位于群山之中。【即学即用】This group is still popular _________ (among/ between) teenagers.The city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to Shenzhen’s success. 这座城市的开拓精神，以及市民的辛勤工作和创造力，无疑是深圳成功的关键。【用法讲解】 “together with”译为“和...一起、连同、以及”，用于连接两个或多个并列的成分。注意：当“together with”连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语保持一致。 Eg: She went to the party together with her friends. 她和朋友们一起参加了派对。The teacher, together with the students, is preparing for the event. 老师正在和学生门一起为活动做准备。【即学即用】这本书连同笔记都非常有用。 The book, ________ _______ the notes, is very helpful.( )2. The report, together with, the survey results, ______ submitted to the manager yesterday.is B. are C. was D. wereWhat do you think has caused the changes in Shenzhen? 你认为是什么导致了深圳的变化？【用法讲解】 cause在此为动词，译为“导致、造成”；cause还作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为causes，译为“原因、理由、原告、事业”。 Eg: The cause of the accident is still unknown. 事故的原因仍然不明。The plaintiff is the cause in a civil lawsuit. 在民事诉讼中，原告是诉因方。She devoted her life to the cause of education. 她把自己的一生奉献给了教育事业。Smoking can cause many health problems. 吸烟会导致许多健康问题。The war caused great suffering to the people. 战争给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。【常见搭配】 root cause 根本原因 Main cause 主要原因 Cause sb. sth. 给某人带来某种影响 Cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 In the cause of ... 为了...的目的 Eg: Identifying the root cause is crucial for solving the problem. 找出根本原因对解决问题至关重要。Pollution is a major cause of climate change. 污染是气候变化的主要原因。The news caused her great joy. 这个消息让她非常高兴。His speech caused the audience to applaud. 他的演讲使观众鼓掌。They fought in the cause of freedom. 他们为了自由的目的而战。【即学即用】The c________ of the fire was a faulty electrical wire.I’ve just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. 我刚刚从叔叔那了解很多关于深圳的事情。【易混辨析】 discover、find和find out区别 discover常指发现本来存在但未被认识的事物、真理或情况； find常指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果； Find out常用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况。 Eg: Scientists discovered a new species of plant in the rainforest. 科学家在热带雨林中发现了一种新的植物物种。I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。【易混辨析】 find, find out及look for区别 find为动词，译为“找到；发现”，强调结果，后面需要跟宾语； Find out译为“发现；查明；了解”，指经过一番努力后才发现结果； Look for 译为“寻找”，强调找的动作 Eg: I looked for my ruler everywhere, but I can’t find it. 我到处找我的尺，但是我没有找到。 The police found out what happened last night. 警察了解了昨晚发生的事。【即学即用】( )1. Journalists worked hard to _________ the truth behind the scandal.look for B. look C. find D. find outPeople can get around easily thanks to excellent public transport. 多亏了出色的公共交通人们可以轻松地四处逛逛。【用法讲解】 thanks to译为“多亏、由于”，后常接名词、代词或动名词。 Eg: Thanks to your help, I finished the project on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了项目。【知识拓展】 thanks for ... 为...而感谢 Eg: Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。【易混辨析】 thanks to与because of区别 Thanks to通常带有一种积极的、感谢的意味； Because of更中性，有时可能带有负面的意味。 Eg: Thanks to your advice, I avoided a big mistake. 对亏你的建议，我避免了打错。 Because of the bad weather, we had to cancel our plans. 由于天气不好，我们不得不取消计划。【即学即用】多亏了她的努力工作，她得到晋升。 _______ _______ her hard work, she got the promotion. Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot. 进来，我们城镇的空气也提高很多。【用法讲解】air在此处为不可数名词，译为“空气、天空、神态、气氛”；air还可作动词，译为“晾干、通风、播出”等。 Eg: The air here is very fresh. 这的空气非常清新。Birds fly in the air. 鸟儿在空中飞翔。She has an air of confidence. 她有一种自信感。The old house had an air of mystery. 这座房子有一种神秘的气氛。The clothes need to air out. 这些衣服需要晾干。The new series will air next month. 新的剧集下个月播放。【常见搭配】 by air 坐飞机 On the air 在广播中 Air the room 给房间通风 Eg: He went to Paris by air. 他坐飞机去了巴黎。I heard the news on the air. 我在广播中听到了这条消息。Please air the room before the guests arrive. 在客人到之前，请给房子通通风。【即学即用】We need fresh __________ (空气) to breathe.那次误会后，我们需要消除我们之间的隔阂。 We need to ______ ______ _______ between us after that misunderstanding.He has worked at the company for over 17 years up to now. 到目前为止，他已经在那工作17年了。【用法讲解】 up to now译为“到目前为止、迄今”，常用于现在完成时中，同义短语为“so far”。 Eg: Up to now, we have received over 100 applications. 到目前为止，我们已经收到了100多份申请。 She has lived in Beijing up to now. 她迄今一直住在北京。【即学即用】到目前为止，他还没有回复我的邮件。 ______ ______ ______, he hasn’t replied to my email.My mum has left her hometown at the age of 18, but she often returns to visit my grandparents. 我妈妈18岁就离开了她的家乡，但她经常回去看外公外婆。【用法讲解】 return作动词，译为“返回、归还”；还可为名词，译为“返回、回来、恢复”。 Eg: He will return home tomorrow. 我明天会回家。 The patient is slowly returning to health. 病人正在逐渐恢复健康。The return of the investment was very high. 这项投资的回报率很高。【常见搭配】 return sth. to sb./ sth. 把某物归还给某人/某处 Return to + 地点 = go back to 地点 回到某地 In return 作为回报（强调一种行为或态度的回应） In return for ... 作为对...的回报（强调一种明确的、具体的交换关系） In return to为in return for的非标准的英语短语，译为“作为对...的回报” Eg: I returned the book to the library. 我把书还给了图书馆。They will return to the office after the meeting. 会议结束后，他们会返回办公室。She helped me move, and I cooked dinner in return. 她帮我搬东西，作为回报我做晚饭。He gave me a gift in return for my help. 他给了我一份礼物以报答我的帮助。【即学即用】( )1. I don’t know when we will _______ Beijing.return back B. return to C. return back to D.return她帮我完成了项目，作为回报，我主动提出辅导她的儿子。 She helped me with my project, and ______ _______ ______ her kindness, I offered to tutor her son.I enjoy hearing your thoughts about our city. 我喜欢听你关于我们城市的想法。【用法讲解】 知识点一：hear在此处为动词，译为“听见、听说”，其过去式为heard。 Eg: I can hear the music in the background. 我能听到背景音乐。【常见搭配】 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事（全过程） Hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事（部分） Hear of sth. 听说... Hear from sb. 收到某人来信 Eg: We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听见他在公园里唱歌。I heard her singing a song when I passed the room. 当我路过房间时，我听见她在唱歌。I have heard about his success in business. 我听说他在生意上成功了。知识点二：I haven’t heard from my parents for a long time. 我很久没有收到父母的来信了。 thoughts为thought的复数形式，译为“思想、想法”。 Eg: He had some interesting thoughts on the future of technology. 他对未来科技有一些有趣的想法。Here are my thoughts on how to improve the project. 这是我对于如何改进项目的看法。注意：thought同时也是think的过去式和过去分词。 Eg: He thought they needed to know the direction to it. 他认为他们还需要知道到那里的方向。【常见搭配】 give thought to 考虑 In deep thought 陷入沉思 Eg: We need to give thought to the project before we start. 在我们开始之前，我们需要考虑这个项目。 He was in deep thought for a long time. 他长时间陷入沉思。【即学即用】I heard someone ________ (call) my name.The ___________ (think) kept going round and round in her head.And some of the houses were old and broken. 一些房子又旧又破。【用法讲解】 broken为形容词，译为“破碎的、损坏的”；broken也是动词break的过去分词。 Eg: There is a lot of broken glass on the floor. 地板上有很多碎玻璃。【派生词】 break为动词，译为“破碎、违反、打断”；break为名词，译为“休息”。 Eg: I thought a 15 min break from his work would do him good. 我想他停下工作休息15分钟对他会有好处。The dish fell to the floor and broken. 碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She broke her promise to me. 她违背了对我的诺言。We usually break for lunch at 12:30. 我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。【即学即用】学校里孩子们有课间休息。 The children ______ ______ _______ between classes at school.My bike is _________ (break). I need to repair it.There was often rubbish lying in the streets. 街上垃圾随处可见。【用法讲解】 “there be + 名词 + doing sth.”结构表示“某地有某人正在做什么”。 Eg: There is a bird singing in the tree. 树上有一只鸟在唱歌。【即学即用】There is someone ________ (knock) at the door.The villagers have stopped farming. 村民们已经停止种地了。【用法讲解】 Stop为动词，译为“停止”，也可为名词，译为“停止、车站”。 Eg: She stopped the car. 她停下了车。 The bus stop is just around the corner. 公交车站就在拐角处。【常见搭配】 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 Eg: I’m tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一会。 I’m tired, let’s stop working. 我累了，让我们停止工作。【即学即用】我们应该采取措施防止污染变得更严重。 We should take measures to ________ the pollution _________ getting worse.How can we stop them from _______ (cut) down the trees?Now the village has also become a popular place for tourists. 现在这个村子也已经成为受游客们欢迎的地方了。【用法讲解】 popular为形容词，译为“流行的、受欢迎的”，常位于系动词之后，作表语；也可在名词前作定语。 Eg: Playing basketball is a popular sport in China. 打篮球在中国是一项受欢迎的运动。【常见搭配】 be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎 Eg: This music is very popular with young people. 这种音乐很受年轻人喜爱。【即学即用】这种食物很受孩子们的欢迎。 This type of food _______ ________ ________ children.Moreover, most families have got their own cars. 而且，大多数家庭又他们自己的汽车。【用法讲解】own此处为形容词，译为“自己的、本人的”，own也可作动词，译为“拥有”。 Eg: I have my own car. 我有自己的车。She wants to have a place of her own. 她想要拥有自己的地方。He owned a new car. 他拥有一辆新车。【常见搭配】 one’s own + 名词 某人自己的... On one’s own 独自地、靠自己 Eg: This is my own room. 这是我自己的房间。She decided to learn to drive on her own. 她决定自学开车。【派生词】 owner为可数名词，译为“主人、拥有者”。 Eg: Jane is the owner of the house. 简使这栋房子的主人。【即学即用】I met the _________ (own) of the local cafe yesterday, he’s a really nice guy.They bring knowledge and skills to help the local people.他们带着知识和技术来帮助当地人。【用法讲解】 knowledge为不可数名词，译为“知识、学问、知晓、了解”。 Eg: He has a lot of knowledge about history. 他对历史有很多了解。【常见搭配】 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 Have knowledge of... 知道、了解 A knowledge of... 对...的了解 To my knowledge 据我所知 Without my knowledge 背着我/不知情 Eg: Do you have any knowledge of this language? 你了解这种语言吗？A good knowledge of English 良好的英语只是To my knowledge, he hasn’t left yet. 据我所知，他还没走。They changed the plan without my knowledge. 他们背着我改了计划。【派生词】 know为动词，译为“知道、了解、认为”； knowledgeable为形容词，译为“知识渊博的、有见识的”。 Eg: I know he will come tomorrow. 我知道他明天回来。He is knowledgeable about German literature. 他对德国文学很精通。【即学即用】Students gain __________ (know) through studying. 语法解析现在完成时（一）一、用法：（1）表示以前某个时间已经发生的动作或做过的事情对现在有影响 Eg: I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调电影的内容已经知道)（2）表示到目前为止已经完成的事。 Eg: My sister has learnt English for 3 years. 我的妹妹已经学英语三年了。二、构成： 主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词三、各种句式肯定句： 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它 Eg: I have watched the match.否定句： 主语 + have/ has not + 过去分词 + 其它 Eg: I haven’t watched the match.一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其它肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + have/ has. 否定回答： No, 主语 + haven’t/ hasn’t. Eg: Have you watched the match ? Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.现在完成时的标志词： Already、yet、ever、recently、just、before(用于句末)、so far、for + 时间段、since + 过去时间点。 Eg: Have you ever eaten Beijing Roast Duck? 你曾吃过背景烤鸭吗？I’ve never been to that farm before. 我以前从未去过那个农场。五、动词过去分词的构成：规则动词变化1.大多数动词后直接加ed： work -- worked; cook -- cooked2.以e结尾的动词加d： lived -- lived; like -- liked3.以辅音加y结尾将y变成i加ed： try -- tried; study -- studied4.在重读闭音节中，双写结尾加ed： stop -- stopped; plan -- planned5.不规则变化：见教材后表格写作话题：Write your article about the changes in your hometown.* 提示：1. Many changes have taken place in ... during the last... years. 2. In the past, there were ... but now ... 3. Back then, there were not ... but today ... 4. Years ago, people ... 5. Today, however, they ... 6. Moreover, most families ... 7. Thanks to the government, ... 8. Now, living in ... is ... and ...* 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一、三人称)、时态(现在完成时、一般过去时、一般现在时)* 范文： In the past, people in my hometown lived a poor life. They lived in small old houses. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. Few buses passed here, so few visitors came here. Now things have changed a lot in my hometown. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. The environment has become better. The mountains have turned greener, and the rivers have become much cleaner. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. Every year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit it. I am sure my hometown will become better and better in the future.