高考英语二轮专题-被动语态（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-被动语态（知识清单）（学生版），共14页。学案主要包含了跟踪训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01 被动语态基本用法
1. 被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成，时态通过 be动词的变化体现。
2. 被动语态的常用句式结构。
3.使用被动语态的典型场合。
02 被动语态典型用法
1. “be+及物动词的过去分词+(by…) ” 是被动语态最基本形式。
These bks are written especially fr children.
这些书是专门为孩子们写的。
New plicies will be annunced by the gvernment.
政府将宣布新政策。
2. “get+及物动词的过去分词+(by…) ” 这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。多用于一些短语中，如get caught, get burnt, get lst, get paid, get prmted等等。
His phne gt stlen n the bus yesterday.
他的手机昨天在公交车上被偷了。
She gt praised by the teacher fr her wrk.
她因为作业被老师表扬了。
3. “情态动词+be+过去分词”结构也是被动语态，常见情态动词有can, may, must, culd, wuld, shuld等。
Waste batteries must be recycled prperly.
废旧电池必须妥善回收。
Plastic bags shuld be banned in supermarkets.
超市应该禁止使用塑料袋。
4.带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态，若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，并且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词t或fr。
主动语态变为被动语态后，间接宾语前带t的动词有：bring，give，send，shw，take，pass，lend， pst，teach，write，thrw，hand等；间接宾语前带fr的动词有：buy，ck，find，get，make，save 等。
5. “主+谓+宾+宾补”结构变被动语态，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处(谓语动词后面)，成为主语补足语。
易错提醒：感官动词(see，watch，hear，feel, ntice等)和使役动词(have，let，make等)后使用不带t的动词不定式作宾语补足语。变成被动语态后要把t还原，不定式为主语补足语。
例如：We ften hear him play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。(主动语态)
→He is ften heard t play the guitar by us.(被动语态)
She was made t cry by their wrds.
她被他们的话弄哭了。
6. 动词短语的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。
Such a bad habit shuld be gt rid f.
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
The her is lked up t by everyne.
这位英雄被每个人敬仰。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The prblem which (discuss) in the meeting rm nw is very imprtant t the develpment f the cmpany.
2．My huse (decrate) when yu visited Beijing last time, s I didn’t invite yu t my hme.
3．The reasn why the lake smells terrible is that large quantities f water (pllute) in the last few years.
4．Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
5．Teaching children abut the natural wrld shuld (treat) as ne f the mst imprtant events in teachers’ lives.
6．It is essential that effective actins (take) t end fr the situatin.
7．Sme scial app cmpanies were (blame) because they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters.
8．This srt f rast meat is a lcal super fd and it （taste）delicius.
9．Althugh peple have made great prgress in science and technlgy, the deep and mysterius cean is still difficult (explre).
10．With the rapid develpment f AI, many jbs (replace) by machines in the cming decades.
01“系动词+表语”主动表被动
①感官类系动词：lk, seem, appear, feel, sund, taste, smell
②变化类系动词：becme, turn, cme, g, fall, get
③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prve, turn ut
The flwers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
He gt excited when he heard the gd news. 听到好消息，他变得很兴奋。
The flwers keep alive with enugh water. 有足够的水，花能保持存活。
02“一些动词+副词”主动表被动
write, read, sell, wear, wash, pen, shut等动词多用于“动词+副词”结构，表示主语的某种属性，常用主动形式表被动意义。
Organic vegetables sell well in this market. 有机蔬菜在这个市场很畅销。
This fancy pen writes smthly n thick and thin paper. 这支精致的笔在厚薄纸上都写得很流畅。
03 measure, weigh接短语主动表被动
measure, weigh表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语时，主动形式表示被动意义。
The new carpet measures three by fur meters. 这块新地毯量起来是 3 米乘 4 米。
The heavy stne weighs ver 100 punds. 这块重石头称起来超过 100 磅。
04 want/need/require/deserve接动名词主动表被动
want/need/require + ding= want/need/require +t be +过去分词，该句型表示“某物需要……”。
deserve+ ding= deserve +t be +过去分词，该句型表示“值得……”。
The machine requires checking regularly. = The machine requires t be checked regularly.
这台机器需要定期检查。
The garden wants tidying befre the party.= The garden wants t be tidied.
派对前花园需要打扫。
The brave sldier deserves rewarding.= The brave sldier deserves t be rewarded.
这位勇敢的士兵值得被嘉奖。
05 be wrth ding/be t blame主动表被动
be wrth ding表示“值得做”，be t blame表示“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。
The ld twn is wrth visiting during the hliday.这个古镇假期值得一游。
The pr management is t blame fr the failure.管理不善该为这次失败负责。
06 be+形容词+不定式”主动表被动
英语中“be+形容词+不定式短语”结构构成反射不定式不定式主动形式表被动意义。
The dr is hard t pen in winter. 这扇门冬天很难打开。
The sng is pleasant t listen t.这首歌听起来很悦耳。
易错提醒：上述结构可以转化为It开头的结构。
This task is difficult t finish n time.=It is difficult t finish the taskn time
这项任务很难按时完成。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Great Expectatins (sell) well, but nt all bks (sell) ut yet.
2．Sme scial app cmpanies were (blame) because they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters.
3．—What d yu think f my new T-shirt?
—I am sure it (wear) very well and keeps its shape.
4．The buildings (date) frm the Ming Dynasty is being rebuilt.
5．The difference in thickness and weight frm the earlier versin makes the iPad 2 mre cmfrtable ________(hld).
6．It was nly after he had read the papers that Mr Grss realized that the task was extremely difficult_________ (finish).
7．I wuld like t buy these cat because the clthing (feel) smth.
8．This article is well wrth (read), but it is nt wrthy f (translate).
9．There is n pint in buying this washing pwder, because this kind f clth (wash) easily.
10．The yung trees we planted last week require (lk) after with great care.
01不及物动词作谓语常用主动形式
某些不及物动词(短语)，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。这类动词有：happen发生, ccur突然想到, exist存在。
The unexpected event happened during the mrning meeting yesterday.
意外事件发生在昨天的早会上。
A brilliant idea ccurred t him while he was reading the bk.
他读书时突然想到一个绝妙的主意。
02 某些不及物动词短语常用主动形式
某些不及物动词短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。此类短语有：cme ut出版, cme int being产生, cnsist f由……组成，cme abut发生, break ut爆发, belng t属于, date frm=date back t追溯到, arise frm由……引起, run ut用光等，pay ff努力得到回报。
The wedding will take place next week. 婚礼将于下周举行。
The team cnsists f five experienced members.
这个团队由 5 名有经验的成员组成。
易错提醒：上述单词和短语作定语，常用现在分词形式。
The necklace belnging t her mther is a family treasure.
属于她母亲的那条项链是家族珍宝。
The castle dating back t the 12th century attracts many visitrs.
那座追溯到 12 世纪的城堡吸引了许多游客。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Lndn is an ancient prt city that has a histry (date) all the way back t Rman times.
2. This prverb is based n an ld English law ____________(date) back t the 17th century.
3. Prfessr Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___________ (belng) t the well-educated.
4. The number f rad accidents and the deaths ____________(arise) frm thse accidents has increased ver the past year.
5. Nw it __________(ccur) t him that his farm had much ptential and that the death f the cw was a bit f luck.
被动语态特殊注意点
1.“under+抽象名词”结构含有被动之意，如under attack遭到攻击, under discussin被讨论, under cnstructin在建造中, under repair在维修中, under threat受到威胁, under treatment接受治疗, under cntrl被控制等。
The ld bridge is under repair and will repen next mnth.
这座旧桥正在维修，下月将重新开放。
The subway line cnnecting the tw cities is under cnstructin.
连接两座城市的地铁线路正在建设中。
2.dress, devte等动词无宾语时，常用被动结构。这些动词短语有：dress neself in给自己穿上, devte neself t致力于, cmmit neself t使自己致力于, apply neself t专心于, statin neself使自己驻扎, seat neself使自己就座等。
She was dressed in a red cat when I saw her.
我见到她时，她穿着一件红色外套。
All effrts must be applied t slving this urgent prblem.
必须全力以赴解决这个紧急问题。
被动语态综合能力提升
一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2025全国一卷）“The players’ persnalities ___________ (reveal) during the game, and ne’s weaknesses are expsed t the ppnent,” she adds.
2.（2025北京卷）Sme chices are quick, while thers take mre thught. Usually, better utcmes ___________ (achieve) thrugh a thrugh understanding f strategies like risk tlerance.
3.（2025八省联考卷）Every language is wrthy f respect and shuld ___________ (treat) equally.
4.（2024新课标II卷）Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, ___________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.（2024全国甲卷）What shuld ___________ (d) with such a beautiful place? They wndered ut lud.
6.（2024浙江1月卷）Hwever, thugh it’s nice t get a few cents ff a pack f sausages, it wuld help even mre if they culd smetimes __________ (ffer) in smaller packs.
7. (2024九省联考卷）Funtain pens __________ (use) in schls lng ag and have been regaining ppularity lately because they are refillable.
8.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
9.（2023全国甲卷）Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still _________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
10.（2023天津6月卷）The wden twer that _________(restre) will be pen t turists sn, and the wrk is almst finished.
11.（2022浙江卷）T understand a painting, we’re taught t lk fr clr, cmpsitin, and light. But hw can a painting _________ (appreciate) by smene wh’s blind?
12.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 _________ (cnsider) healthy.
13.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrte, "The little hme _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f herself, everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
14.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It _________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
15.（2020新课标）The parts f a museum pen t the public _________ (call) galleries r rms.
16.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he wuld _________ (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
二、被动语态与语法填空
（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dunhuang was the gateway t and frm Ancient China, a place 1 East met West, and a green island in the middle f the desert.
Dunhuang served as a centre f 2 (culture) and cmmercial exchange. Tday, Dunhuang is a wrld-class turist destinatin basting sites with UNESCO-prtected heritage status. It has mre than 700 caves. 3 (knw) as the Mga Grttes, these ancient caves 4 (carve) ut f the rck ver a perid f 1,000 years. There yu can see paintings and ther artwrks. Lk at these statues! Yu can see 5 (element) frm Ancient Greece, India and Iran. The murals cver an 6 (astnish) area f 45,000square metres.
The subjects f the Dunhuang murals vary frm religius stries t scenes f everyday life. But ne type f mural that is unique t Dunhuang shws the Apsaras, r “Flying Immrtals”. The painting f Apsaras during the Tang Dynasty reflects the 7 (cnfident) and ptimism f peple frm that time.
In 8 sealed cave, nw knwn as the famus Library Cave, were hidden thusands f manuscripts, paintings and scrlls, as well as silk embrideries. We’ll have a chance t see sme f 9 (they) shrtly. Hwever, the reasn why the Library Cave was sealed up all thse years ag remains a mystery.
This century is bringing the Silk Rad 10 life nce mre thrugh the Belt and Rad Initiative. Dunhuang has nce again be-cme a glbal crssrads.
（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Electric vehicle giant BYD recently launched a new charging system in China, gaining it an advantageus psitin in the wrld’s aut market. The autmaker advertised its system, named “Super e-Platfrm”, as ne that can charge its latest mdels in just five minutes, 11 (allw) them t travel up t 400 kilmeters.
Assigned a 10C rating, 12 e-platfrm can reach full charge in just six minutes. The C-rate is an industry measurement standard 13 a 1C rating means the battery can be fully charged in ne hur. Therefre, a 10C rating indicates the battery can achieve full charge in ne-tenth f an hur, which 14 (equal) six minutes.
“We’ve always been in 15 (pursue) f speedy charging,” BYD funder Wang Chuanfu said “The new battery’s peak charging pwer can reach 1,000 kilwatts. This is the first time in the industry that the unit f megawatt (兆瓦) 16 (achieve) n charging pwer.”
The e-platfrm wrks by delivering a large current (电流) t the charging car, 17 high currents tend t generate heat that damages EV batteries. T get arund this, BYD says it 18 (massive) reduced the internal resistance inside the battery.
This technlgy is currently nly available in China, and the cmpany has yet 19 (cnfirm) whether it will make it available internatinally. If 20 (ppularize), BYD’s new charging platfrm represents a majr innvatin that culd help transfrm the electric car market.
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/ are+ dne
Rice is grwn in the suth f the cuntry.
一般过去时
am/is/ are+ dne
The dr was repaired by him yesterday.
含情态动词
情态动词+be+ dne
Yur rm must be cleaned every day.
现在进行时
am/is/ are+ being+ dne
The rms are being painted red by her.
过去进行时
was/ were+ being+ dne
Trees were being planted here this time last year.
一般将来时
will+ be+ dne
A new library will be built between the buildings.
现在完成时
have/ has +been+ dne
I have been infrmed f date f the sprts meeting.
过去完成时
had +been+ dne
The magazine had been returned befre I arrived.
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
be动词+过去分词(+by...)
The dr was clsed by him.
否定句
be动词+nt+过去分词(+by...)
These bks are nt kept in the library.
一般疑问句
Be动词+主语+过去分词(+by...)
Is this plate made f silver?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+be动词 +主语+过去分词?
What are these cats made f ?
场合
例句
强调动作的承受者
She is greatly influenced by her parents.
不知道动作的执行者
The zipper was invented in 1893.
没有必要指出动作的执行者
These tys are designed fr children.
当动作的执行者不是人时
The windw was blwn pen by wind.
有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态
Tm was brn in NewYrk in August 2024.
句型“It is+过去分词+that 从句
It's reprted that the gvernment will raise taxes.