高考英语二轮专题-虚拟语气（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-虚拟语气（知识清单）（学生版），共13页。学案主要包含了跟踪训练，2018·北京，2018·天津等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01 一二三四类动词接宾语从句
1.一二三四类动词接从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。
一坚持insist，二命令rder, cmmand，三建议advise, suggest, recmmend，四要求demand, desire, require, request。还有desire, advcate, ask等动词也有类似用法。
The fficer rdered that the sldiers (shuld) crss the river immediately.
军官命令士兵们立即过河。
The wrkers demanded that their wages (shuld) be increased.
工人们要求涨工资。
They asked that the meeting (shuld) be pstpned.
他们要求会议延期。
2.insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
The manager insisted that the meeting (shuld) be held immediately.
经理坚持要求立即召开会议。
He insisted that he was inncent, thugh n ne believed him.
他坚称自己是无辜的，尽管无人相信。
3.suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句通常用虚拟语气；表示“暗示”“表明”等时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。
The dctr suggested that he (shuld) take a rest.
医生建议他休息一下。
What he said suggested that he was nt suited fr the jb.
他说的话暗示他不适合这份工作。
4.It is/was+一二三四类动词的过去分词+that…从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。
It was suggested that a new hspital (shuld) be built in the twn.
当时有人建议在镇上建一所新医院。
It was required that all applicatins (shuld) be submitted by Friday.
当时要求所有申请需在周五前提交。
02 一二三四类名词接从句
一二三四类动词派生来的名词后接从句，该从句谓语动词用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。这些名词有：rder命令, cmmand命令, advice建议, suggestin建议, requirement要求，request请求，demand要求, desire要求。
His cmmand was that the wrk (shuld) be finished by Friday.（表语从句）
他的命令是这项工作必须在周五前完成。
The cmpany has a requirement that all emplyees (shuld) attend the training. （同位语从句）
公司有一项要求，所有员工必须参加培训。
03 It is strange/a pity that..从句
1.It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..从句谓语用shuld+动词原形，且shuld可以省略。
It was surprising that she (shuld) leave withut saying gdbye.
令人惊讶的是，她竟然没道别就走了。
It is essential that the data (shuld) be checked twice.
这些数据必须检查两遍，这很关键。
2. It is strange(necessary, strange…) that..若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用shuld have dne。
It is necessary that we shuld have finished the task befre last Friday.
我们本有必要在上周五前完成这项任务的。
It is a shame that she shuld have given up the pprtunity t study abrad.
她竟然放弃了出国留学的机会，真是太可惜了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It’s suggested in the reprt that gvernment expense (reduce) t increase teachers’ salaries.
2. It was prpsed that the huse (preserve) as it had been when the great writer lived in it.
3. Many peple in the neighburhd recmmended that the ld bus statin (replace) with a mdern ne.
4. The editr insisted that at least 300 wrds (cut) ut f my article befre it culd be published.
5. The educatin experts suggested mre attentin (pay) t prtecting the students’ eyes.
6. Althugh Tm insisted that he (hand) in his hmewrk yesterday, Mr Wang still insisted he________ (d) it again.
7. It’s a pity that her husband (attempt) t deal with this prblem in such a stupid way.
8. The teacher’s requirement is that every student (invlve)in the plan r they wn’t pass the final exam.
9. My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children.
10. The head teacher made a request that a meeting (schedule) t arrange fr the upcming anniversary f the schl’s funding day.
01 if虚拟条件句用法
If it were sunny tday, we wuld g t the park.
如果今天晴天，我们就去公园了。
If she had seen yu yesterday, she wuld have asked yu abut it.
要是她昨天看到你，她就要向你问起这件事。
If it rained/were t rain/shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.
如果明天下雨我们就不去爬山了。
02 if错综条件句用法
if错综条件句和主句与不同时间相反，则根据主从句位置和事实区别对待对号入座。
If he had studied hard in cllege, he wuld have a better jb nw.（主句与现在事实相反）
如果他大学时努力学习，现在就会有一份更好的工作了。
If we had bked the tickets in advance, we wuld leave fr the trip next Mnday. （主句与将来事实相反）
如果我们提前订了票，下周一就能去旅行了。
03 If虚拟句省略用法
if条件句若省略if，则把were/ shuld/ had提前到句首构成部分倒装句。
原句：If I were in yur psitin, I wuld accept the ffer.
倒装句：Were I in yur psitin, I wuld accept the ffer.
翻译：如果我处于你的位置，我会接受这个提议。
原句：If yu shuld need any help, please call me.
倒装句：Shuld yu need any help, please call me.
翻译：万一你需要帮助，尽管打电话给我。
原句：If we had knwn the truth earlier, we culd have prevented the accident.
倒装句：Had we knwn the truth earlier, we culd have prevented the accident.
翻译：如果我们早知道真相，就能阻止这场事故了。
04 含蓄条件句用法
有些句子没有明确的 if 条件句，但通过介词withut、短语 but fr或副词therwise暗示了虚拟的条件，这类句子被称为“含蓄条件句”。其中，withut, but fr, therwise 等词相当于隐含的 “if nt”，其后的主句需根据所虚拟的时间使用对应的虚拟语气形式。
Withut electricity, mdern life wuld be impssible.
没有电，现代生活就不可能存在。
The prject wuld have failed but fr their effrts.
要不是他们的努力，这个项目早就失败了。
I frgt t set the alarm, therwise I wuldn’t have verslept.
我忘了设闹钟，否则就不会睡过头了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. But fr the help f my English teacher, I wuld nt (win) the first prize in the English Writing Cmpetitin.
2. Withut the dctr’s timely peratin, the little girl __________ (will, lse) her life.
3. If I (see) him tmrrw, I wuld invite him hme.
4. he t leave tday, he wuld get there by Friday.
5. there n mdern telecmmunicatins, we wuld have t wait fr weeks t get news frm arund the wrld.
6. If they (warn) f the danger f travelling n the lnely island ahead f time, they wuld nt be trapped there nw.
7. We were delayed at the airprt; therwise we (be) here by lunchtime.
8. If I (have) a chance t live my life again, I wuld g t university because I had a dream t becme an engineer when I was yung.
9. If he (cme) here yesterday, he wuld have seen his ld friend.
10. The printer is f gd quality. If it (break) dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
01 I wish that….句型
I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had dne, did, wuld/culd d。
He wishes he hadn’t said thse wrds.
他真希望自己没说过那些话。
She wishes her bss culd give her a prmtin next mnth.
她希望老板下个月能给她升职。
02 If nly….句型
if nly表示“如果……该多好”，与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had dne, did, wuld/culd d。
If nly the traffic weren’t s heavy.
要是交通不这么拥堵就好了。
If nly we had knwn the truth earlier.
要是我们早点知道真相该多好。
03 I wuld rather that….句型
I wuld rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
She’d rather that she had chsen a different majr.
她宁愿自己当初选了别的专业。
I’d rather that I hadn’t said anything.
我宁愿自己当初什么都没说。
易错提醒：与将来事实相反，从句仍然用一般过去时。
04 It is high time that…句型
It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省，意为“早该……”。
It is high time that the gvernment tk actin t prtect the envirnment.
政府早该采取行动保护环境了。
It is high time that he shuld aplgize fr his rude behavir.
他早该为自己的粗鲁行为道歉了。
易错提醒：该句型中shuld不能省略。
05 It lks as if….句型
“It lks as if...”句型意为 “看起来好像……”，用于根据表象或观察对某事做出推测或判断, 与过去、现在相反，分别用had dne, did。
It lks as if the huse were abandned, but smene lives here.
这房子看起来好像被遗弃了，但其实有人住。
The grund is dry, but it lks as if it had rained last night.
地面是干的，但看起来好像昨晚下过雨。
易错提醒：如果事实清楚，说话人有把握，从句也可以用陈述语气。
It lks as if the children are having a gd time in the park.
看起来孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2. I wish I (learn) mre abut Neuschwanstein Castle befre! The details n the buildings there are s unusual.
3. I wish I (attend) her wedding last Tuesday, but I was n business in Mscw then.
4. My husband is always talking abut the ecnmy, but I’d rather he (fcus) mre n ur children’s educatin.
5. —Yur aunt invites yu t g t the mvies tday.
—I wuld rather she (tell) me tmrrw than tday.
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it (break).
7. Therefre, it is high time that we (take) effective measures t imprve the current situatin.
8. Lk at the truble we are in. If nly we (take)ur teacher's advice.
9. —I went t see The Wandering Earth last night. It was fantastic!
—Yu were s lucky! Hw I wish I （get）the ticket t.
10. He has left fr Beijing. Hw I wish I (see) him ff at the statin, but I was t busy.
虚拟语气特殊注意点
1.注意区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句。
例1: If it ____________(ran) tmrrw, we will cancel the picnic.
例2: If it ____________(ran) tmrrw, we wuld cancel the picnic.
2.注意区分是虚拟语气还是陈述语气。
例3: I wuld have helped yu last week, but I ____________(be) t busy.
例4: I wuld have bught the ticket yesterday, but I ______________(frget) my wallet.
3.注意区分是错综条件句还是一般虚拟条件句。
例5: If he had studied harder, he _______________(pass) the exam.
例6: If yu had taken my advice, yu ________________(nt, be) in truble nw.
【跟踪训练】下列各题均有一个最佳答案。
1．—It rained cats and dgs this mrning. I’m glad we tk an umbrella.
—Yeah, we wuld have gt wet all ver if we ________ .
A．didn’tB．hadn’t
C．haven’tD．dn’t
2．If I _____it with my wn eyes ,I wuldn’t have believed it.
A．didn’t seeB．weren’t seeing
C．wuldn’t seeD．hadn’t seen
3．【2018·北京】They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A．drveB．wuld drive
C．were t driveD．had driven
4．【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach
A．had caughtB．caught
C．have caughtD．wuld catch
5．The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accmplishedB．had accmplished
C．wuld accmplishD．wuld have accmplished
6．（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A．had nt beenB．shuld nt be
C．were nt t beD．shuld nt have been
7．If he had spent mre time practicing speaking English befre, he ________ able t speak it much better nw.
A．will beB．wuld beC．has beenD．wuld have been
8．This printer is f gd quality．If it _______ break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense．
A．wuldB．shuldC．culdD．might
9．Grace desn’t want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she________there, she wuldn’t be able t see her parents very ften.
A．livesB．wuld live
C．has livedD．were t live
10．（2017•天津） —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A．hadn’t beenB．wuldn’t have been
C．weren’tD．wuldn’t be
虚拟语气综合能力提升
一、单项填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020江苏) If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers, I __________(nt be) where I am.
2. (2019天津) The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ____________(accmplish) the task in half the time.
3. (2019江苏) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _____________(have) a gd time tgether.
4. (2018天津)If we ___________(catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach.
5. (2018江苏) It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
6. (2018江苏)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
7. (2018北京) They might have fund a better htel if they _________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.
8. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
9. (2017天津) —D yu have Betty’s phne number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______(be) able t reach her yesterday.
10. (2017江苏)_______it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
二、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
1. Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby.
2. The manager prpsed that Tm was given an pprtunity t explain why he'd refused t g there.
3. If nly I listened t my parents, I might have passed the driving test!
4. The cnference wuldn’t have be s successful if we hadn't made adequate preparatin.
5. If nly there was sme magic buttn I culd push t take away the sadness in her eyes.
6.—Larry, such mistakes culd have avided if yu had been mre careful.
—Srry, sir. I'll d better next time.
7. I can't stand him. He always talks as thugh he knws everything.
8. I made the suggestin that she stuck t the plan she had made.
9. It was rdered that n smking was nt allwed in the library, which made the smkers unhappy.
10. Hw I wish I bught that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
场合
从句谓语
主句谓语
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be用were)
wuld/culd/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had +动词过去分词
wuld/culd/might have dne
与将来事实相反
1.动词过去式(be用were)
2.were t +动词原形
3.shuld +动词原形
wuld/culd/might +动词原形