高考英语二轮-被动语态（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-被动语态（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版），共24页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc22251" 考向 被动语态
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向 被动语态
1.（2025·北京丰台·二模）It is als a busy perid fr farmers. The system f 24 slar terms 19 (establish) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
【答案】was established
考查动词时态和语态。句意：二十四节气系统是几千年前建立的，用于指导农业生产。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语thusands f years ag可知，此处应用一般过去时，The system f 24 slar terms与establish之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填 was established。
2.（2025·北京房山·一模）Ne Zha 2, brke the recrd set by 2021’s The Battle f Lake Changjin. Ht ff its dmestic success, it 16 (shw) verseas next week, including in the US, Canada and Australia.
【答案】 16．will be shwn/will be shwed/is ging t be shwn/is ging t be shwed
16．考查时态语态。句意：在国内大获成功后，该片将于下周在海外上映，包括美国、加拿大和澳大利亚。主语it与谓语动词shw构成被动关系，根据后文next week可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be shwn/will be shwed/is ging t be shwn/is ging t be shwed。
3.（2025·北京东城·一模）Researchers have discvered that dgs can identify the vices f different members f their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dgs. Three human caretakers f each dg 15 (ask) t recrd their vices.
【答案】15．were asked
15．考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Three human caretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were asked。
4.（2025·京市东城·二模） S, if schls remve lckers, mst f which are very ld, mre space 20 (create) in the hallways. They can use it t display artwrk r ther creative prjects, which will bring students tgether.
【答案】 20．will be created
20．考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created
5.（2025·京市朝阳·二模） Thanks t her lifetime dedicatin t the field, Tang 13 (hnr) with the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translatin in 2024.
【答案】 13．was hnred
考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于她一生都致力于这个领域，唐闻生在2024 年被授予翻译终身成就奖。根据时间状语“in 2024”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Tang与hnr之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was，故填was hnred。
6.（2025·北京朝阳·六校联考） Last year, the twn gvernment decided t restre it. After careful renvatin, the square 16 (transfrm) int a vibrant public area.
【答案】16．was transfrmed
考查时态语态。句意：经过精心翻新后，这个广场变成了一个充满活力的公共区域。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语the square和transfrm为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was transfrmed。
7.（2025·京市昌平·二模）Olivia Vibbert, 14-year-ld, tried t establish her wn nnprfit. In 2016, 11 (help) the hmeless in winter, she requested sck dnatins when knwing scks are amng the mst needed items. 8.The campaign started ut with the big gal f 1,000 sck dnatins — a milestne that 12 (achieve) in mere days. Then she went n t cllect mre scks. S far, Olivia 13 (receive) ver 8,000 pairs f dnated scks.
【答案】 12．was achieved 1
12．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：活动开始时的大目标是捐赠1000只袜子，这个里程碑在短短几天内就实现了。里程碑是被实现，句子描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，that指代的先行词milestne是单数，因此空格处是was achieved，故填was achieved。
9.（2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）A vide went viral nline that shwed a man saving a 2-year-ld girl wh 18 (stick) in the burglar bars f her apartment in Nanning.
【答案】18．was stuck
18．考查时态语态。句意：一段视频在网上疯传，视频显示一名男子救了一名被卡在南宁公寓防盗栏里的两岁女孩。定语从句修饰先行词2-year-ld girl，在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was stuck。
10. Between 11 and 15 millin Africans (ship) verseas and sld int slavery. Over the years, the wars have becme int a mre cmplex and cmplicated prblem.
【答案】were shipped
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1100万至1500万非洲人被运往海外，并被卖为奴隶。空处是句子的谓语动词，主语Africans与动词ship“运送；船运”之间为被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were shipped。
11.Like many yung Africans, Jean Philippe N’ Dri’s interest in Kung Fu began with martial arts mvies. During his secnd year f cllege, he jined the martial arts club. With the assistance f the club, he, tgether with ther 5 students (give)the pprtunity t visit the Shalin Temple in China’s Henan prvince.
【答案】was given
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在俱乐部的帮助下，他和其他5名学生获得了前往中国河南省少林寺参观的机会。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据上文时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“he”，单数，和动词“give”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was given。
12.Since June 2020,the Las-China Railway C has recruited and trained La trainees and mre than 800 La emplyees, r ver 90 percent f the trainees, （assign）specific psitins.
【答案】have been assigned
【解析】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：自2020年6月以来，老中铁路公司已招聘培训老挝研修生，800多名老挝员工被分配到特定岗位，占学员总数的90%以上。空格处作谓语，根据前一分句可推知主语ver 90 percent f the trainees与assign之间为被动关系, 且根据时间状语 since 可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填 have been assigned。
13. In 2006, the traditinal festival ______ (list) as part f China’s natinal intangible cultural heritage.
【答案】was listed
【解析】 was listed考查动词时态和语态。句意：2006年，这个传统节日被列为中国国家非物质文化遗产。设空处使用动词作谓语，in 2006为一般过去时，此处festival与list之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。
14.“When I did rehearsals (排练) with the lcal musicians, I ________ (attract) by their cperatin in spite f the lng flight.”
【答案】was attracted
【解析】was attracted考查动词语态。句意：“当我和当地音乐家一起排练时，尽管长途飞行，我还是被他们的合作所吸引。”空处为句子谓语，且由did rehearsals可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语I与attract“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was attracted。
15.Traditinal Chinese aesthetic (美学的) cncepts (reflect) in the drum playing, pace and frmatin changes, all f which represent distinctive lcal features.
【答案】are reflected
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国传统美学观念体现在鼓的演奏、节奏和形态的变化上，这些都代表了鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语Traditinal Chinese aesthetic (美学的) cncepts与reflect是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填are reflected。
16.Fur treasures f the study —brush, ink, paper and ink slab (端砚) , cannt be ignred when we appreciate and understand Chinese calligraphy and traditinal painting. It is widely accepted that the best f each f these items (represent) by the Hu brush, Hui ink stick, Xuan paper, and Duan ink slab.
【答案】is represented
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：人们普遍认为，这些物品中最好的分别由湖笔、徽墨、宣纸和端砚所代表。所给词“represent”作主语从句谓语，根据“It is widely accepted”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“the best f each f these items”和“represent”构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被代表”的含义，主语是the best f each f these items ，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is represented。
17.A reprt shwed that the market value f secndhand items rse frm 300 billin yuan in 2015 t ver l trillin yuan in 2020, and________(expect) t hit 3 trillin yuan in 2025.
【答案】is expected
【解析】is expected考查动词时态和语态。句意：一份报告显示，二手物品的市场价值从2015年的3000亿元上升到2020年的1万亿元，预计到2025年将达到3万亿元。根据expect及in 2025可知，此处表示“预计”用一般现在时，主语the market value与expect构成被动关系。故填is expected。
18.The drp site is at the tp f a watchtwer alng the Badaling sectin f the Great Wall, an area previusly untuched by cmmercial activities as it ______ (prtect) by planning regulatins.
【答案】is prtected
【解析】 is prtected考查动词语态。句意：投放地点位于长城八达岭段的一个瞭望塔的顶部，由于受到规划法规的保护，该地区以前没有商业活动。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，it和prtect为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用is。故填is prtected。
19.Many f the city’s icnic landmarks and structures, such as the Eiffel Twer, the Luvre Museum, and Place de la Cncrde, (situate)alng its banks.
【答案】are situated
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市的许多标志性地标和建筑，如埃菲尔铁塔、卢浮宫和协和广场，都位于其河岸。主语为复数，且与动词situate之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are situated。
In the 17th century, swimming in the Seine was very ppular. But fr the last hundred years, it (prhibit) due t health and safety cncerns.
【答案】has been prhibited
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：但在过去的一百年里，由于健康和安全问题，游泳被禁止。根据时间状语fr the last hundred years，应用现在完成时，且与主语之间是被动关系，故填has been prhibited。
20.The new catalyst, designed by researchers at City University Hng Kng (City U) and tested by fellws at Imperial Cllege Lndn, culd (scale) up fr mass use.
【答案】be scaled
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这种由香港城市大学的研究人员设计并由伦敦帝国理工学院的同行测试的新催化剂，可以扩大规模以供大规模使用。主语new catalyst与scale之间为被动关系，需要用被动语态，culd后加动词原形。故填be scaled。
21.Chinese scientists have fund a new plant species f Orecharis (马铃苣苔属) in suthwest China’s Yunnan Prvince, accrding t the Chengdu Institute f Bilgy (CIB) under the Chinese Academy f Sciences (CAS). The findings, made by researchers frm the CIB and Guangxi Institute f Btany f the CAS, (publish) recently in the jurnal Eclgy and Evlutin.
【答案】have been published/were published
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这一发现是由中国科学院广西植物研究所和中国科学院广西植物研究所的研究人员共同完成的，最近发表在《生态与进化》杂志上。分析句式可知，这个句子的主语是 findings，它和 publish构成了逻辑上的被动关系。再根据本空后的时间状语 recently可知，此处应该用现在完成时的被动语态或一般过去时的被动语态。故填have been published/were published。
22.There have already been numerus in-depth studies n the ptential jb lsses caused by the large-scale applicatin f AI, and many a slutin (prpse), including slwing dwn the pace f AI technlgy applicatin, assisting in reemplyment, and impsing AI taxes. Nw, the vernight ppularity f Sra reminds peple that it is time t accelerate, refine and implement these measures.
【答案】has been prpsed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：已经有许多关于大规模应用人工智能可能导致的失业的深入研究，并提出了许多解决方案，包括放慢人工智能技术应用的步伐、协助再就业和征收人工智能税。此处为and后句子的谓语，根据and前句子的谓语have been和句意可知，and后的句子用现在完成时，表示到现在已经提出了许多解决方案，且prpse“提议，提供”与其逻辑主语slutin之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为many a slutin，助动词用has 。故填has been prpsed。
23.The children (drill) t leave the classrm quickly when the fire bell rang.
【答案】were being drilled
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当火警铃响起时，孩子们正在被训练快速离开教室。根据句子结构，因主语与谓语之间为为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语 when the fire bell rang，可知句子表示的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作，需要使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语The children是复数形式，因此谓语动词使用were being drilled。故填were being drilled。
24．Cttn (use) by humans fr ver three thusand years.
【答案】has been used
【知识点】现在完成时的被动语态
【详解】考查动词。句意：棉花已经被人类使用了三千多年。由时间状语“fr ver three thusand years”可知，句子要用现在完成时；且主语 Cttn 和动词 use 之间是被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，又因为主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has been used。
25.Bacteria can attach itself t yur fd instantly, regardless f hw quickly it (pick) up,
【答案】is picked
【知识点】pick up、一般现在时的被动语态
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：细菌可以立即附着在你的食物上，不管它吸收食物的速度有多快。it指代fd，和动词pick之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is picked。
26．Farmers whse crplands (damage) by the elephants will be granted permissin t receive cmpensatin.
【答案】are damaged
【知识点】damage、一般现在时的被动语态
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：农田被大象破坏的农民将被允许获得赔偿。此处为定语从句的谓语动词，damage与主语crplands之间是被动关系，讲述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数。故填are damaged。
27.Tm, rather than his rmmates, (be) t blame fr the pllutin f the river. 【答案】was
【知识点】一般过去时表过去的动作和状态 、rather than
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这条河的污染应该归咎于汤姆，而不是他的室友。此处为rather than连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词要和rather than前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致，所以，谓语动词由Tm来决定，根据句意可知，句子描述的是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was。
28.Since the funding f new China, large-scale prtectin f the river (carry) ut and remarkable achievements made.
【答案】has been carried
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：新中国成立以来，对黄河进行了大规模的保护，并取得了显著的成就。句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“Since the funding f new China”可知此句用现在完成时，主语large-scale prtectin f the river 与动词短语carry ut之间为被动关系，此句谓语动词用现在完成时的被动语态；large-scale prtectin f the river作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been carried。
29.Nang cultural industrial parks (build) s far in many cities.
【答案】have been built
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，许多城市都建起了馕文化产业园。空格处是句中谓语动词，与主语Nang cultural industrial parks之间是被动关系。由时间状语s far可知，应使用现在完成时态。又因主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been built。
30．On the next birthday, Ann (marry) fr twenty years.
【答案】will have been married
【解析】考查时态。句意：在下一个生日，Ann 将结婚二十年。分析句子可知，On the next birthday暗示用将来时，再由“fr twenty years”可知，这里应用完成时态，且用be married表状态，综上，用将来完成时。故填will have been married。
31.As a traditinal Chinese hliday, the Spring Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunins and wishes fr prsperity in the upcming year.
15．考查短语和时态。句意：作为中国的传统节日，春节的特点是家庭团聚，并祝愿来年繁荣昌盛。be characteriz/sed by“以……为特点”为固定短语，陈述事实，为一般现在时。 故填is characterized/is characterised。
Besides, the algae can 29 (harvest) and used t prduce fuel. Therefre, the building uses less energy and reduces the damage t the envirnment by generating its wn renewable energy.
29．考查语态。句意：此外，藻类可以被收获并用于生产燃料。主语the algae和harvest之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，这里应用be dne的形式。故填be harvested。
32.After the medal ceremny, the new Olympic champin (invite) t a press cnference rm t speak t the media.
【答案】was invited
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：颁奖仪式结束后，这位新的奥运冠军被邀请到新闻发布厅向媒体发表讲话。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，champin和invite为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处为描述故去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was invited。
33.Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) f Chinese cabbage, is a traditinal specialty f the nrtheastern regin and is nw sld arund the cuntry 4 exprted verseas.
3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。make(制作)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词a pickle)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is made。
4．考查连词。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。exprted和sld之间是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
34.At the heart f the exhibitin, Girl n a Swing 5 (surrund) by blck-clr paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner wrld with clrs f glden crnfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading ut.
5．考查动词时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在展览的中心，Girl n a Swing被色块画和重建的草地包围着，用金色的玉米地、灿烂的阳光和广阔的绿色植物的颜色反映了艺术家的内心世界。空格处作谓语，主语Girl n a Swing为第三人称单数，且根据句意为一般过去时，主语和动词surrund之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrunded。
35.AI is causing huge challenges t exam equality 6 (equal). It is the biggest destructr since calculatrs 7 (allw) int math tests several years ag.
7．考查时态语态。句意：这是自几年前计算器被允许进入数学考试以来最大的破坏者。主语calculatrs与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文several years ag可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were allwed。
36.At the age f 6, she started t help her mther t make Su embridery items, all f which 29 (sell)t supprt the family.
29．考查动词时态语态。句意：16岁起，她就开始帮助母亲制作苏绣品，靠卖苏绣品来维持一家人的生计。此处为一般过去时，items和sell是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数。故填were sld。
37.The precise lcatins f the shipwrecks and the assciated cultural relics 36 (determine) thrugh the use f ceangraphic technlgy and underwater investigatins invlving manned submersibles, which cnducted 41 dives thrughut the year, as cnfirmed by Sng Jianzhng, 37a researcher at the Natinal Center fr Archaelgy.
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据国家考古中心研究员宋建忠证实，沉船和相关文物的精确位置是通过使用海洋学技术和水下调查确定的，其中包括载人潜水器，全年进行了41次潜水。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise lcatins f the shipwrecks and the assciated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。
38.Befre the new discvery, the fishing and hunting 45 (knw) t be main activities in Hngshan ancestrs’ life.
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在新发现之前，捕鱼和狩猎是红山祖先生活的主要活动。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Befre the new discvery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，knw和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were knwn。
39.Upn return, Huang 8 (appint) chief scientist f China’s biggest deep earth explratin prgram.
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后，黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，Huang和appint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为Huang，be动词用was。故填was appinted。
40.Cleaning must be dne befre the hliday, typically46 (typical) in January r February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as remving gd luck.
47．考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
41.“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decisin 52 (make), I will review everything. Tw years wuld be lng, in the case f ne year I might see.
52．考查时态语态。句意：一旦做出决定，我会重新审视一切。主语decisin与谓语构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is made。
42.Its terraced fields fllw the3 landfrm f the muntains, at heights ranging frm 300 t 1,200 meters abve sea level. S far, frm swiftly flwing river valleys t mist-cvered muntains, dense frests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and sil, terraces 4 (dig).
4．考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，从湍急的河谷到薄雾笼罩的山脉、茂密的森林和陡峭的悬崖，无论哪里有水和土壤，都可以挖出梯田。此处作谓语动词，主语为terraces，复数，主语terraces与dig之间为被动关系，且时间状语为s far，故应用现在完成时，故填have been dug。
43. Prcelain is the creative fruit f the 8 wrking peple f ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, prcelain 9 (exprt) wrldwide.
9．考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自汉唐以来，瓷器已经出口到世界各地:它促进了中国与外部世界的经济和文化交流，并极大地影响了其他国家人民的传统文化和生活方式。exprt作本句谓语，和主语prcelain之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语prcelain为第三人称单数。故填has been exprted。
44.The crsstalk realizes its artistic presentatin by means f imitatin, talking, teasing, and singing. The jkes (hide) in the bafu, r “package”.
【答案】are hidden
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些笑话都藏在“包袱”里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为jkes，谓语用复数。故填are hidden。
45.The Imperial Resrt (list) in the directry f the wrld’s cultural heritages in 1994.
【答案】was listed
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1994年被列入世界文化遗产名录。此处为句子的谓语部分，单数主语与动词list“列为”之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据后文in 1994可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填was listed。
46.A number f shrt films (uplad) t date in Jiangsu Prvince and Fuzhu.
【答案】have been upladed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，江苏和福州已经上传了一些短片。根据“t date”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为A number f shrt films，和uplad为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been upladed。
题型一 完形填空
1
（2025·北京海淀·一模）Last year, five hmeless cats lived in the shadws in ur neighbrhd, silently asking fr help. Every day, I saw them huddled tgether, their fur matted and eyes filled with hpe and 1 . As I watched them, I culdn’t shake the feeling that I needed t take actin.
Every mrning, I put cat fd near ur building. The cats appeared, 2 at first, then rushing tward me as if they had been waiting all alng. Feeding them became a ritual that strengthened ur bnd. As winter apprached, my 3 grew. I culdn’t bear the thught f thse 4 creatures suffering in the biting cld. I then set up czy crners fr them in the damp basement f ur building.
Hwever, nt everyne shared my cmpassin. One neighbr insisted n getting rid f the cats. He called Animal Cntrl t have them 5 . Our debates were heated, but I advcated fr them as I knew they had n ne else t defend them.
As weeks passed, I felt an urge t find lving hmes fr the cats. I 6 friends and psted n scial media. T my delight, fur f them fund new families. Each 7 felt like a victry in my missin t make a difference. Then there was ne cat, Jy, wh stle my heart cmpletely. When I tk him in, it was as if he had always 8 in my hme. His playful and silly behaviur brught laughter t my days, and his gentle purring at night brught me peace.
Thrugh this experience, I’ve fund 9 in my vice, learning t advcate fr the viceless. I’ve learned we all have the pwer t make the wrld a better place fr all beings, n matter hw small ur actins may seem. Whether it’s feeding a stray, advcating fr animal welfare, r merely 10 kindness in ur cmmunities, every effrt cunts.
1．A．jyB．fearC．curisityD．anger
2．A．quietlyB．aimlesslyC．bravelyD．cautiusly
3．A．cncernB．depressinC．excitementD．expectatin
4．A．smellyB．energeticC．inncentD．nisy
5．A．fedB．remvedC．examinedD．cleaned
6．A．reached ut tB．lked up tC．caught up withD．gt n with
7．A．devtinB．decisinC．admissinD．adptin
8．A．sleptB．hiddenC．belngedD．waited
9．A．strengthB．truthC．cmfrtD．secret
10．A．repayingB．spreadingC．receivingD．teaching
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助流浪猫并为它们找到新家的经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我看到它们挤在一起，毛发杂乱，眼睛里充满了希望和恐惧。A. jy快乐；B. fear恐惧；C. curisity好奇；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“five hmeless cats lived in the shadws in ur neighbrhd, silently asking fr help”可知，这些流浪猫无家可归，所以眼睛里除了希望还有恐惧。故选B。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：猫出现了，起初很谨慎，然后像是一直在等一样冲向我。A. quietly安静地；B. aimlessly漫无目的地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. cautiusly谨慎地。根据上文“five hmeless cats”和下文“at first, then rushing tward meas”可知，因为猫是流浪猫，对人有警惕性，所以一开始会小心翼翼地靠近。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着冬天的临近，我的担忧增加了。A. cncern担忧；B. depressin抑郁；C. excitement兴奋；D. expectatin期待。根据上文“As winter apprached”和下文“I culdn’t bear the thught f thse____4____ creatures suffering in the biting cld.”可知，作者担心流浪猫在冬天受苦，所以担忧增加了。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法忍受那些无辜的生物在刺骨的寒冷中受苦的想法。A. smelly有臭味的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. inncent无辜的；D. nisy吵闹的。根据上文“five hmeless cats lived in the shadws in ur neighbrhd, silently asking fr help”和下文“creatures suffering in the biting cld”可知，这里用“无辜的”来形容流浪猫，表达作者对它们的同情。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。A. fed喂养；B. remved移除，移走，带走；C. examined检查；D. cleaned打扫。根据上文“One neighbr insisted n getting rid f the cats. He called Animal Cntrl t have them”可知，邻居坚持要把猫弄走，所以打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我联系了朋友并在社交媒体上发布信息。A. reached ut t联系；B. lked up t尊敬；C. caught up with赶上；D. gt n with与……相处。根据上文“I felt an urge t find lving hmes fr the cats.”和下文“friends and psted n scial media”可知，作者为了给猫找新家，联系了朋友并在社交媒体上发布信息。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次收养都像是我在改变世界使命中的一次胜利。A. devtin奉献；B. decisin决定；C. admissin承认；D. adptin收养。根据上文“T my delight, fur f them fund new families.”可知，这里指每一次收养流浪猫都像是作者在改变世界使命中的一次胜利。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我收养他时，就好像他一直属于我的家。A. slept睡觉；B. hidden隐藏；C. belnged属于；D. waited等待。根据下文“His playful and silly behaviur brught laughter t my days, and his gentle purring at night brught me peace.”可知，这只猫在作者家很自在，就像属于这个家一样。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这次经历，我在自己的声音中找到了力量，学会了为无声者发声。A. strength力量；B. truth真相；C. cmfrt安慰；D. secret秘密。根据下文“learning t advcate fr the viceless”可知，作者为流浪猫发声并成功为它们找到家，所以是在自己的声音中找到了力量。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是喂养流浪动物，倡导动物福利，还是仅仅在我们的社区中传播善良，每一份努力都很重要。A. repaying偿还；B. spreading传播；C. receiving收到；D. teaching教。根据下文“kindness in ur cmmunities”可知，这里说的是在社区中传递善意。故选B。
2
（2025·北京石景山·一模）As a student planning t study management, I realised that classrm alne wuldn’t be enugh t fully prepare me fr the challenges frm the wrld. Eager t gain market-related experience befre university, I stepped int the wrld f 1 this summer.
I nticed a prblem in my cmmunity: the electricity supply was nt 2 , ften being insufficient and leading t frequent pwer cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need fr a charging statin, s I decided t pen ne t 3 the issue. What started as a way t prepare myself fr cllege quickly turned int a meaningful prject, shaping my understanding f hw business can nt nly 4 practical needs but als make a lasting impact in a cmmunity.
The respnse t my business was 5 . On the first three days alne, I made $406.Thai initial success was mre than just encuraging — it was 6 that I was slving a real prblem and that the market was there fr my services. Seeing peple stream int the centre, grateful fr the charging service, 7 my belief that business is abut addressing needs and serving thers.
The jurney f starting this business was nt withut challenges. When I needed 8 t start the business, I negtiated with my relatives t give me tw cws, which I then sld t raise funds. I als drew n technical skills t handle the electrical wrk myself, which 9 my startup csts. Tday, the charging center is alive with activities.
The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university jurney. Lking back, I can see hw these 10 lessns have set a stage fr the future.
1．A．medicineB．literatureC．businessD．science
2．A．reliableB．privateC．affrdableD．renewable
3．A．discussB．raiseC．reprtD．address
4．A．prmteB．replaceC．meetD．guide
5．A．disappintingB．incredibleC．strangeD．embarrassing
6．A．prfB．dubtC．hpeD．fear
7．A．cnfusedB．challengedC．cnfirmedD．changed
8．A．incmeB．capitalC．priceD．prfit
9．A．estimatedB．prvidedC．dubledD．reduced
10．A．practicalB．classicC．familiarD．cultural
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了在大学前积累市场相关经验，开始创业经营充电站的过程和感悟。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：渴望在大学前获得与市场相关的经验，今年夏天我踏入了商业世界。A. medicine医学；B. literature文学；C. business商业；D. science科学。根据上文“Eager t gain market-related experience”可知，作者想要获得与市场相关的经验，因此踏入了商业世界。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我的社区存在一个问题：电力供应不可靠，经常不足，导致频繁停电，影响日常生活。A. reliable可靠的；B. private私人的；C. affrdable负担得起的；D. renewable可再生的。根据下文“ften being insufficient and leading t frequent pwer cuts”可知，电力供应不足，导致频繁停电，说明电力供应不可靠。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这产生了对充电站的明显需求，所以我决定开设一个来解决这个问题。A. discuss讨论；B. raise提高；C. reprt报告；D. address解决。根据上文“This created a clear need fr a charging statin”可知，社区需要充电站，所以作者决定开设一个来解决这个问题。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个最初只是为了为大学做准备的项目，很快变成了一个有意义的项目，塑造了我对商业如何不仅能满足实际需求，还能在社区中产生持久影响的理解。A. prmte促进；B. replace替换；C. meet满足；D. guide指导。根据下文“practical needs”可知，此处指满足实际需求。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生意反响令人难以置信。A. disappinting令人失望的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. strange奇怪的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“On the first three days alne, I made $406.”可知，作者三天就赚了406美元，说明生意反响令人难以置信。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一初步的成功不仅仅是鼓舞人心的——它证明了我正在解决一个真正的问题，而且我的服务有市场。A. prf证明；B. dubt怀疑；C. hpe希望；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“that I was slving a real prblem and that the market was there fr my services”可知，作者的生意成功证明了他正在解决一个真正的问题，而且他的服务有市场。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们涌入中心，对充电服务表示感谢，这证实了我的信念：商业就是满足需求，为他人服务。A. cnfused使困惑；B. challenged挑战；C. cnfirmed证实；D. changed改变。根据下文“my belief that business is abut addressing needs and serving thers”可知，人们的反应证实了作者对商业的信念。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我需要资金来创业时，我与亲戚谈判，让他们给我两头牛，然后我把牛卖掉来筹集资金。A. incme收入；B. capital资金；C. price价格；D. prfit利润。根据下文“which I then sld t raise funds”可知，作者卖掉牛来筹集资金，说明他创业时需要资金。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还利用技术技能自己处理电工工作，这降低了我的创业成本。A. estimated估计；B. prvided提供；C. dubled加倍；D. reduced减少。根据上文“I als drew n technical skills t handle the electrical wrk myself”可知，作者自己处理电工工作，这降低了他的创业成本。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我可以看到这些实践课程如何为未来奠定了基础。A. practical实际的；B. classic经典的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文作者创业的经历可知，作者从中学到了实际的经验，这些实践课程为他的未来奠定了基础。故选A。
题型二 语法填空
1
（2024·北京顺义·二模）
Sil 4 (find) nearly everywhere. And it seems unlikely that we wuld ever lse all the sil n Earth. Hwever, 5 we may lse is the deep and rich agricultural sil because f ver-farming, a lack f plant cver ff-seasn and a cllectin f salt frm watering and fertilizatin (施肥). 6 prper measures, sme experts warn, there culd be serius agricultural sil prblems befre the end f this century.
【答案】4．is fund 5．what 6．Withut
【知识点】环境保护
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们所面临的农业土壤问题。
4．考查动词时态、语态。句意：土壤几乎无处不在。空处为谓语，结合句意，描述事实常理，用一般现在时，主语Sil为不可数名词，与动词find为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is fund。
5．考查名词性从句。句意：然而，我们可能失去的是深厚而肥沃的农业土壤，因为过度耕作、淡季缺乏植物覆盖以及从浇水和施肥中收集的盐。分析句子可知，is前面的为主语从句，从句中缺少lse的宾语，表示“……的事物”用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。
6．考查介词。句意：一些专家警告说，如果不采取适当的措施，本世纪末之前可能会出现严重的农业土壤问题。根据prper measures可知，空处缺少介词，结合句意，空处表示“没有、缺乏”用withut，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Withut。
（2024·北京东城·一模）
When I lived in Bstn, I taught English as a secnd language t adult students frm arund the wrld. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enugh English 14 (rganize) such an event altgether. At the end f the party, they prudly handed me a gift bx. After the bx 15 (pen), I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it. “We went shpping fr a new cat!” they all shuted 16 wnderfully perfect English.
【答案】14．t rganize 15．was pened 16．in
【知识点】语言学习经历、学校人员
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位教师在波士顿教授来自世界各地的成人学生学习英语，学生取得了很大的语言进步。
14．考查动词不定式。句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语足以组织这样一个活动。由enugh可知，此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“……多到足以做某事”，故填t rganize。
15．考查时态和语态。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。根据“I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it.”以及bx承受pen的动作可知，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，bx为单数，故填was pened。
16．考查介词。句意：我们去买一件新外套！他们都用非常完美的英语喊道。使用某种语言用介词in，故填in。
2
（2024·北京石景山·一模）In my ld schl days, running 17 (cnsider) bring and painful fr me. When I started t wrk, I realised exercise shuld be part f my lifestyle. Later, running became my career. Over the years, I 18 (cach) many running teams. Needless t say, running has its benefits. It is believed 19 running can decrease the risk f death. S are yu currently nt ding it? I encurage yu t start nw.
【答案】17．was cnsidered 18．have cached 19．that
【难度】0.94
【知识点】体育健身 、个人经历
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了跑步成了作者的职业，鼓励人们跑步。
17．考查时态语态。句意：在我上学校的时代，跑步对我来说是无聊和痛苦的。根据“In my ld schl days”可知，本句为一般过去时，主语running与谓语cnsider为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was cnsidered。
18．考查时态。句意：这些年来，我执教过许多跑步队。根据“Over the years”可知，本句为现在完成时。故填have cached。
19．考查连接词。句意：人们认为跑步可以降低死亡风险。It is believed that“人们认为……”that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。故填that。
3
（2024·北京·一模）The dinner party is 20 threat, annunced a recent lifestyle clumn in The Times. Yu might wnder, “Hw can this be? Dn’t we thrw parties fr friends n special ccasins?” But 21 The Times wrries abut is anther kind f disappearing. It is usually hsted in ne’s hme. Invitatins 22 (send) ut weeks in advance and the hsts prepare fd 23 (careful). Yet nwadays, peple prefer t eat takeut fd n their sfa while juggling a mbile phne and a remte cntrl.
【答案】20．under 21．what 22．are sent 23．carefully
【难度】0.85
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了《纽约时报》最近的一篇生活方式专栏文章宣称，晚宴正在消失并解释了晚宴消失的一些原因。
20．考查介词。句意：《纽约时报》最近的一篇生活方式专栏文章宣称，晚宴受到了威胁。under threat为固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”。故填under。
21．考查主语从句。句意：但《纽约时报》担心的是另一种消失。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
22．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：邀请函会提前几周发出，主人会精心准备食物。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，Invitatins和send ut为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are sent。
23．考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词prepare，需用副词carefully，作状语。故填carefully。
1.(2024北京卷）On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd ___15___ (name) the wrld’s ldest living man.
【答案】was named。【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语Jhn Tinniswd之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Jhn Tinniswd是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
2.（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they_________ (thrw) away.
【答案】are thrwn。【解析】考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词thrw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrwn。
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
40.【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilin”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Tw years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilin”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
4.【2023年全国乙卷】 ___Having visited_46____ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
5.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens f higher scial classes 59 (permit)t live clser t the center f the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens f higher scial classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
6.【2022新高考I卷】After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
7.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Fd and medical supplies________ t all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distributeB. distributed
C. are distributedD. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Fd and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。