高考英语二轮专题-状语从句2（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-状语从句2（知识清单）（学生版），共14页。学案主要包含了知能解读01，知能解读02，知能解读03，重难点突破01，重难点突破02，易混易错01，易混易错02，方法技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01 状语从句概述
状语从句：状语从句就是一个从句在句中相当于一个副词，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步等。
类型：根据功能，分让步状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句、比较状语从句等。
状语从句分类及连接词明细表
02 时间状语从句用法
1. as, when和while引导的时间状语从句
as强调从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生，译作“随着”。when从句可以是时间点也可以是时间段，译作“当……时候”。while表示“在……期间”，谓语应用延续性动词。
As the sun rse, the birds began t sing. 太阳升起时，鸟儿开始歌唱。
As children grw lder, they becme mre independent. 随着孩子们长大，他们变得更独立。
When the bell rang, the students rushed ut f the classrm.铃声响起时，学生们冲出了教室。
When I was yung, I ften played in this park. 我小时候经常在这个公园玩。
Please keep quiet while the teacher is speaking. 老师讲话时请保持安静。
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.妻子在看报纸我在看电视。
2. after, befre引导的时间状语从句
after接从句，表示“在……之后”; befre接从句，表示“在……之前”。有时根据语境翻译作“趁……”，“还没来得及……就”。befre常用于It will be+时间段+befre，It was +时间段+befre…等句型。
He called me after he arrived at the airprt. 他到达机场后给我打了电话。
After the rain stpped, a beautiful rainbw appeared in the sky. 雨停后，天空中出现了一道美丽的彩虹。
The sun had risen befre we started ur jurney.我们出发前，太阳已经升起来了。
It will be a few weeks befre the new library pens. 新图书馆要几周后才会开放。
It was tw hurs befre the firefighters arrived. 过了两个小时消防员才赶到。
★易错提醒：It was +时间段+befre…句型注意与强调句型的不同。
It wasn't lng befre they fund the missing child. 没过多久，他们就找到了那个失踪的孩子。
It was last Mnday that we held the meeting. 我们是在上周一开的会。
3. since引导的时间状语从句
since表示“自从……以来”，引导时间状从，从句谓语用一般过去时，常用于It is+时间段+since…句型；从句谓语是瞬时性动词，表示“自从……以来”。
I have lived in this city since I graduated frm cllege.自从大学毕业以来，我就住在这座城市。
It has been three years since we last saw each ther. 自从我们上次见面以来，已经过去三年了。
★易错提醒：since从句是延续性动词则表示“自该动作结束以来”。
She hasn’t called me since she lived here. 自从她离开这里（不住在这里）后，就没给我打过电话。
4. till和until引导的时间状语从句
till 和 until 含义相同，都表示 “直到…… 为止”，引导时间状语从句时，主句动作持续到从句动作发生时结束。两者的区别在于：till 多用于口语，until 可用于句首，till 一般不用于句首。
1）肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。
2）否定句中（nt... until）：表示 “直到…… 才”，主句常用非延续性动词。
She stayed in the ffice until she finished all the wrk. 她一直在办公室待到完成所有工作。
He didn’t aplgize t me nt until I pinted ut his mistake. 直到我指出他的错误，他才向我道歉。
★易错提醒：Nt until…位于句首，主句采用部分倒装语序，主句仍然采用陈述语序。
Nt until I traveled abrad did I realize the imprtance f learning English.
直到出国旅行，我才意识到学英语的重要性。
5. 名词短语引导的时间状语从句
every/each time…每次next time…下次the first/last time…第一次/最后一次the minute/instant/secnd…一……就后面直接跟名词，构成时间状语从句。
I’ll remember t call yu next time I’m in twn. 下次我进城时，会记得给你打电话。
The first time I traveled abrad, I felt bth excited and nervus. 我第一次出国旅行时，既兴奋又紧张。
He called me the instant he arrived at the statin. 他一到车站就给我打了电话。
★易错提醒：every/each time…, next time…, the first/last time…, the minute/instant/secnd 等短语用作连词，名词后边不能接when等词。
The minute she walked in, the phne rang. 她一进门，电话就响了。
The last time we met, we didn’t say gdbye prperly. 我们最后一次见面时，没有好好道别。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________ he grew lder, he became less active.
2．Nt __________we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.
3．Alice recgnized Tm __________ instant she saw him.
4．It will be several years __________ the full impact f the recent technlgical advancements in artificial intelligence is fully understd.
5．— Jack, where is Tm?
— Srry, I dn’t knw. But I will tell him that yu want t see him __________ mment he cmes back.
6．Jhn thinks it wn’t be lng __________ he is ready fr his new jb.
7．I was infrmed that it will be eight mnths __________ a rescue missin arrives frm Earth.
8．I have wrked in this schl__________I graduated frm Peking University.
9．Please dn’t talk s ludly __________ thers are wrking.
10．Yu can nly imagine hw travellers felt __________ they saw the asis f Dunhuang ahead f them.
03原因状语从句的用法
1.because引导的原因状语从句
because通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
They didn’t buy the huse because it was t far frm the city.他们没买那栋房子，因为它离市区太远。
He was hungry, because he didn’t eat breakfast. 他饿了，因为没吃早餐。
2.as引导的原因状语从句
as引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。
As the weather was fine, we decided t have a picnic by the lake. 因为天气好，我们决定去湖边野餐。
As we’re bth free tday, why nt g t the museum? 既然我们今天都有空，为什么不去博物馆呢？
3.since引导的原因状语从句
since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为“既然……”，通常位于主句前，相当于nw that。
Since everyne is here, let’s start the meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。
Since the prject is finished, we can celebrate nw. 由于项目已经完成，我们现在可以庆祝了。
4.Nw that等原因状语从句
in that“因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，总是位于主句之后。Seeing that/Cnsidering that/Given that…表示“鉴于，考虑到”，通常用于非正式文体。
He is nt suitable fr the jb in that he lacks relevant experience. 他不适合这份工作，因为他缺乏相关经验。
Nw (that) yu are grwn up, yu shuld nt rely n yur parents. 既然你长大了， 就不应该依靠你的父母了。
Cnsidering (that) everybdy is here, let’s begin ur discussin. 既然大家都到了， 我们就开始讨论吧。
Seeing (that) he refused t help us, there’s n reasn that we shuld nw help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Enjying a fresh mrning is imprtant ________ it can set the md fr the rest f the day.
2．________ (give) that they’re inexperienced, they’ve dne a gd jb. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．Nw ________yu have finished yur wrk, yu’d better have a rest.
4．________ everyne is here, let's begin ur class.
5．We listened eagerly, ________ he brught news f ur families.
6．________ that we are all part f the glbal village, everyne becmes a neighbur.
7．________yu have already knwn the truth, I dn’t need t explain it again.
8．He was late fr the meeting in________ his car brke dwn n the way.
9．________ yu can’t answer the questin, I’ll ask smene else.
10．Many students lst marks in the exam simply ________ they didn’t read the questins carefully.
01方式状语从句用法
1. as引导的方式状语从句
as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。
Leave the things as they are. 别动这些东西｡
Yu must try t hld the tl as I d.你必须像我这样拿工具｡
Always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
2. as if/as thugh引导的方式状语从句
as if/as thugh引导的方式状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，常译作＂仿佛……似的＂。
He lks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像生气了。
It lked as if there wuld be an exciting race.看来要有一场激动人心的比赛。
He stared at me as if seeing me fr the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Ftball _________ we knw it tday started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
2．The kids were very friendly with her and even lked up t her as _________ she were their wn mther.
3．What we are cncerned abut is hw we can finish the task in tw weeks_________ planned.
4．Just _________ a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph.
5．We’d better leave things _________ they are until the plice arrive, which helps them investigate the case.
02地点状语从句用法
where既可引导定语从句，也可引导地点状语从句。where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词+ which'”；而状语从句前则无先行词。
They shuld g where they are needed mst.他们应该去最需要他们的地方。
She lives where the climate is mild all year rund. 她住在气候终年温和的地方。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The flwers grw best _________ there is enugh sunlight.
2．Lcated _________ the Belt meets the Rad, Jiangsu will cntribute mre t the Belt and Rad cnstructin.
3．He always parks his car _________ he can see it frm the windw, just t make sure it’s safe.
4．Mhammed Rezwan saw pprtunity_________ thers saw nly disaster.
5．Tday, the USS Arizna lies _________ it sank: in the middle f the Pacific Ocean.
01 比较状语从句用法
1. as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句
as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句，第一个as是副词，第二个是连词，中间接形容词、副词原级。也可以是as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as结构。否定句中，可以替换为nt s…as…。
The weather tday is as ht as it was yesterday. 今天的天气和昨天一样热。
He desn’t study as carefully as his sister. 他学习不如他妹妹认真。
2.than引导的比较状语从句
形容词/副词比较级+than…结构是常用比较级结构。
This prblem is mre difficult than I expected. 这个问题比我预期的更难。
He speaks English mre fluently than he writes it. 他说英语比写英语更流利。
This mvie is nt mre interesting than the ne we saw yesterday. 这部电影不比我们昨天看的那部更有趣。
3.the+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语
前半句是从句，后半句是主句, 在非正式语境中，有时可省略主语和谓语，直接用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。
The fewer mistakes yu make, the higher scre yu will get.你犯的错误越少，得分就会越高。
The clder it gets, the mre I want t stay at hme. 天气越冷，我就越想待在家里。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It’s true; the _________ (ld) I get, the mre I feel time has wings.
2．D freigners nt understand British humr r are the British just nt s funny_________ they think they are?
3．The vlunteers are n lnger the same yung men _________ they were ten years ag.
4．We’re ding everything we can t make things as easy fr yu _________ we can.
5．The mre we knw each ther, the _________ (well) we understand each ther.
6．Sme yung girls think the _________ (slim) they are, the mre attractive they will lk.
7．Scientists have cllected mre data _________ expected t prve the thery.
8．Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier_________ it used t be.
9．The mre we acknwledge the utstanding universal value f ur heritage sites, the_________ (likely) we are t treat them with respect.
10．When it pens in 2023, it shuld be able t prduce mre energy_________it uses.
02 “一……就……”多样化表达方式
1.标准型：as sn as引导时间状语从句，注意“主将从现”用法。
As sn as the bell rings, the students will rush ut f the classrm.铃一响，学生们就会冲出教室。
2.名词型：the mment/ minute/ instant/ secnd+从句引导时间状语从句。
The mment she saw the gift, she knew it was frm him. 她一看到礼物，就知道是他送的。
3.副词型：immediately /directly/ instantly形式上是副词，其实这里转化为从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
Immediately he finished speaking, the audience brke int applause. 他一讲完，观众就鼓起掌来。
4.介词型：n/upn后接名词或动名词，构成时间状语。
On arriving at the statin, he realized he had lst his ticket. 一到车站，他就发现票丢了。
At the sight f the snake, she screamed. 她一看到蛇就尖叫起来。
5.倒装型：n sner…… when … 句式不同但意思相同，都表示“刚一……就……”，注意主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装（前提是n sner/hardly位于句首）。
N sner had she left than he regretted what he said. 她刚离开，他就后悔自己说的话了。
Hardly had I pened the dr when the phne rang. 我刚打开门，电话就响了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I had hardly sat dwn n the train and pened a bar f chclate ________ an ld man with huge bags sat dwn acrss frm me.
2．I detected tw bvius mistakes ________ (instant) I saw the article.
3．— Jack, where is Tm?
— Srry, I dn’t knw. But I will tell him that yu want t see him ________ mment he cmes back.
4．N sner had I begun t understand hw British peple cmmunicate ________ it was time t head back hme.
5．N sner had she tk ff the dark glasses ________ I recgnized her.
6．I culd hardly recgnize her ________ (instant) I saw her after a cuple f years.
7．He had hardly finished the cmpsitin ________ the bell rang.
8．Hardly ________ the plice received the emergency call when they rushed t the scene.
9．I had hardly gt t the ffice ________ my wife phned me t g back hme at nce.
10．Hardly had I slved the prblem ________ a new ne arse, which really tired me ut.
状语从句的省略用法
状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。
When (he was)walking in the street, he met an ld friend. 在街上走时，他遇到了一位老朋友。
Once (it is) printed, the reprt will be sent t the manager. 报告一旦打印好，就会发给经理。
Unless (it is) necessary, we wn’t hld a meeting. 除非必要，否则我们不开会。
★易错提醒：befre和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。
He became mre cnfident after winning the cmpetitin. 赢得比赛后，他变得更自信了。
The dcument needs t be reviewed befre being submitted.文件在提交前需要审核。
【跟踪训练】用括号法把下列各句的状语从句括起来。
1．Once __________ (addict) t the Internet, yu will destry yur life and study withut awareness.
2．Thugh__________ (lack) mney, his parents managed t send him t cllege.
3．We all knw that, if nt carefully__________ (deal) with, the situatin will get wrse.
4．Children, when __________ (accmpany) by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
5．While __________ (walk) alng the street, I met an ld friend f mine.
6．Even if __________ (damage), the rbt can still send an emergency signal.
7．Once __________ (release), the results f the experiment will definitely start a heated discussin.
8．When __________ (face) with difficulties, wise men try their best t get ver them, but nt t hld back.
9．While __________ (drive) alng the freeway, they nticed a kangar standing in the middle f the rad.
10．When first __________ (intrduce) t the market, the prduct wn great ppularity.
状语从句（2）综合能力提升
一、单项语法填空
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. _________watching TV, children d nt merely absrb wrds and images.
2．Nt_________we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.
3．Jingdezhen has a fascinating and stried histry, f which I knew little_________I had the pprtunity t visit it recently.
4．The little by brke away frm me _________ (instant) he saw his mther.
5．It’s easy t get lst when yu drive in a new city, s it is imprtant t study a gd map_________yu set ut.
6．N sner had I begun t understand hw British peple cmmunicate_________ it was time t head back hme.
7．I didn’t g t bed _________ I finished my hmewrk.
8．A parking lt is ging t be built _________there used t be a small park.
9．_________ (give) that they lack experience, they have dne a gd jb.
10．Mark needs t learn Chinese _________ his cmpany is pening a branch in Beijing.
11．Leave yur kids _________ they are and they will grw up healthily and brightly.
12．_________a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph.
13．The cnstructin industry is n lnger as depressed _________ it was.
14．Air pllutin is getting mre and mre serius, s we must take actin _________it is t late.
15．The huse was greatly damaged by the truck and we’d better leave it _________ it is until the plice arrives.
16．The schl was much smaller _________he had expected.
17．He gives yu his full attentin _________ (immediate) yu begin t speak.
18．As a matter f fact, it will take sme years _________ur cuntry develps this technlgy.
19．I didn’t think abut it much _________a mrning last week when I kncked my favrite teapt ff the table.
20．He had n sner finished his speech _________ the students started cheering.
二、状语从句在语法填空中应用
（24-25高二下·福建莆田·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The skin, the bdy’s largest rgan, serves as a barrier against varius threats and helps with temperature regulatin and water lss. 1 yu can imagine, getting burnt can lead t very serius injuries. 2 first and mst imprtant step in the 3 (treat) f burns is giving first aid.
Depending n the depth f skin damage, burns are divided int three 4 (type). First-degree burns affect nly the tp skin layer, like mild sunburns, which are dry, red and 5 (mild) swllen and painful. Secnd-degree burns 6 (cause) by ht liquids g belw the tp layer f the skin, resulting in redness, blisters, and extreme pain. They are serius and take a few weeks 7 (get) better. Third-degree burns affect every layer, and the tissue underneath can ften 8 (see), which requires immediate hspital care.
If yu see smene get burnt, first remve any clthes unless yu see the fabric sticking t the burn and cl the burnt area with cl 9 (run) water. Then dry the area gently and cver the area 10 a dry, clean bandage in rder nt t get it infected. If the burn is serius, the victim shuld be sent t a dctr r hspital at nce.
从句类型
常见引导词
让步状语从句
thugh, althugh, as, whether…r, while, n matter wh-, -ever
条件状语从句
if, unless, nce, in case, n cnditin that, suppsing, prvided that, fr fear that
目的状语从句
s that, in rder that
结果状语从句
s that, such that, s…that, such…that
时间状语从句
when, while, as, befre, as sn as, the mment, the first time
原因状语从句
because, as, since, nw that, in that
方式状语从句
as, as if, as thugh
地点状语从句
where
比较状语从句
as…as…, than…, the mre…the mre…