【03-暑假培优练】专题08 连词when固定搭配的用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份【03-暑假培优练】专题08 连词when固定搭配的用法 (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共24页。试卷主要包含了连词when固定搭配的基本用法，仿写句式之连词when固定搭配等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练
考点一 连词when固定搭配的基本用法
考点二 仿写句式之连词when固定搭配
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
☛第四层 高考真题练
连词when固定搭配的基本用法
【知识积累·练前热身】
连词when在高中英语学习中非常活跃。历年来的高考试题中，它也频频亮相。下面就连词when的用法做一个归纳总结，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1.课本经典句式
（1）I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my hme. (人教版2019必修一Unit 4) 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
（2）The next mrning I’d just abut given myself up fr lst when I was sptted by a ship. (人教版2019必修三Unit 3) 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船这时发现了我。
2.连词when固定搭配
（1）be 正在做……这时……
He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called. 他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。
（2）had just 刚做完某事……这时……
He had just gne t bed when the telephne rang. 他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
（3）be n the pint f 正要做……这时……
She was n the pint f leaving when I arrived. 她正要离开，这时我来了。
（4）be abut t 正要做……这时……
I was abut t g ut when an unexpected visitr came. 我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。
3.注意：
（1）when在句中作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then, and at that time。
（2）语法填空中对该句型的考查，有时会考查前半部分中用所给动词的形式，有时考查句型中的when。
要正确解答，需读完整个完整的句子。
1. I ________(drive) hme at night when my car lst mmentum（冲力）and gt slwer and slwer.
【答案】 was driving
【详解】句意：晚上我正要开车回家，突然我的汽车失去冲力，速度越来越慢。
考查固定搭配be ding... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。句中的lst表明事情发生在过去，应用过去时，故填was driving。
2. I was abut t ck my supper ________ the telephne rang, but it hung up befre I culd answer it.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：我正要去做晚饭,这时电话响了，但我还没来得及接，电话就挂了。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be abut t "正要做……，这时……"中的用法。故填when。
3.One afternn last summer, I was driving alng n my way hme ________ I nticed a wman at the radside near the edge f twn.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：去年夏天的一个下午，我正沿着回家的路开车行驶时，这时我发现一名妇女在小镇的路边。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be "正在做……，这时……"中的用法。故填when。
4. I was abut ________(give) up when my father came and encuraged me t keep ging.
【答案】 t give
【解析】句意：我快要放弃的时候，这时我爸爸过来鼓励我继续努力。
考查固定搭配be abut t d... when..，意为“正要做……这时…… ”，故填t give。
5. The agent was abut t sign his name n the dcument________, t ur surprise, a stranger brke in t prevent him.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：代理人正要在文件上签字，让我们吃惊的是，这时一个陌生人闯进来阳止了他。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be abut t 表示"正要做某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。
6.I had hardly gt t the ffice ________ my wife phned me t g back hme at nce.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回去。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配had 表示"刚做完某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。
7.Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】句意：亨利正在修车时，突然听到了尖叫声。
考查固定搭配be ding... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。再根据句中heard可知，用过去进行时；且主语Henry为第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
8.Tm was abut t clse the windw ________ his attentin was caught by a bird.
【答案】when
【详解】句意：汤姆正要关窗子，这时一只小鸟引起了他的注意。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be abut t 表示"刚做完某事，这时……"中的用法，故填when。
9.The thief was n the pint f putting his hand int the lady’s handbag ________ the bus suddenly stpped.
【答案】when
【详解】句意：小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。
考查when作并列连词的用法。结合句意可知，本题考查when在固定搭配be n the pint f “正要做……这时……”中的用法，故填when。
10.I (drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
【答案】was driving
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦时突然发现自己走错了路。
考查固定搭配be ding... when..，意为“正在做……这时…… ”。再根据句中fund可知，此时要用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was driving。
仿写句式之连词when固定搭配
【知识积累·练前热身】
在新高考卷中，写作两部分（应用文+读后续写）总共40分，分值将近占总分的三分之一。想要在写作部分不落后，新颖独特的高级句式能够让我们的作文在众多作文中脱颖而出。对于我们高一学生而言，连词when固定搭配可以纳入宝库。用于读后续写中进行场景描写，非常生动形象，有画面感。例如，有关野外冒险的读后续写，I was cncentrating n phtgraphing the amazing scene when I had a feeling that a bear was staring at me. （我正集中精力拍摄美景，这时我突然感觉到一只熊正盯着我。）在读后续写中这是一个很好的高级句式，要经常尝试使用，做到熟练运用。
1.I attentively when smene the classrm withut the teacher’s permissin.
我正在专心地上英语课，突然有人未经老师允许就跑出了教室。
【答案】was having English class; ran ut f
【详解】分析原句，“正在上英语课”和“跑出了”两个部分有待翻译。“上英语课”是have English class ，“跑出了”为 run ut f。本句考查了be 句式，前后时态要保持一致，故答案为was having English class与ran ut f。
2. We when the fire .
我们刚做完作业,就在此时火灾发生了.
【答案】had just finished ur hmewrk; brke ut
【详解】分析原句，“刚做完作业”和“发生”两个部分有待翻译。“做完作业”是finish ne’s hmewrk，“（灾难、不幸）发生”为break ut。本句考查了had just 句式，前后时态要保持一致，故答案为had just finished ur hmewrk与brke ut。
3.I when my mther came in.
我正打算把所有东西扔掉这时我妈妈进来了。
【答案】was abut t thrw everything away / was n the pint f thrwing everything away
【详解】分析原句，“正打算把所有东西扔掉”有待翻译。“扔掉”是thrw away。本句考查了句式“ 正要做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be abut t 或be n the pint f 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分came可知，该句是过去时，空白前的主语为I，故答案为was abut t thrw everything away或was n the pint f thrwing everything away。
4. I was n the pint f leaving fr wrk .
我正要去上班，突然意识到我把钥匙弄丢了。
【答案】when I realized I had lst my keys
【详解】分析原句，“突然意识到我把钥匙丢了”有待翻译。“意识到”是realize；“我把钥匙弄丢了”为I lse my keys。本句考查了be n the pint f 句式，前后时态要保持一致，根据前半部分was可知，该句是过去时，“钥匙弄丢”这一动作发生在“意识”之前，该部分要使用过去完成时，故答案为when I realized I had lst my keys。
5.He when a gentle breeze started t blw.
他正在树下读书，这时一阵微风开始吹拂。
【答案】was reading a bk under the tree
【详解】分析原句，“正在树下读书”有待翻译。“读书”是read a bk；“在树下”为under the tree。本句考查了be 句式，前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分started可知，该句是过去时，空白前的主语是He，故答案为was reading a bk under the tree。
6.I had just gne t bed after a very hard day .
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
【答案】when the phne rang
【详解】分析原句，“电话铃就响了”有待翻译。“读书”是the telephne rings。本句考查了句式had just “刚做完某事……这时……”，前后时态要保持一致，根据前半部分had just gne可知，该句是过去时，故答案为when the phne rang。
7.He when it began t rain.
他正要出去时天下起雨来了。
【答案】was abut t g ut / was n the pint f ging ut
【详解】分析原句，“正要出去时”有待翻译。“出门”是g ut。本句考查了句式“ 正要做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be abut t 或be n the pint f 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分began可知，该句是过去时，故答案为was abut t g ut或者was n the pint f ging ut。
8.I alng the river when I heard smene .
我正沿着河边散步这时我突然听到有人呼救。
【答案】was walking；calling fr help
【详解】分析原句，“正在散步”和“有人呼救”有待翻译。“散步”是walk；“呼救”是call fr help。本句考查了句式“ 正在做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分heard可知，该句是过去时；“听到某人正在做某事”是hear sb ding sth。故答案为was walking与calling fr help。
9.He when the teacher came in．
他刚跑进教室，这时老师来了。
【答案】had just run int the classrm
【详解】分析原句，“刚跑进教室”有待翻译。“跑进教室”是ran int the classrm。本句考查了句式“ 刚做完某事……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式had just 。前后时态要保持一致，故答案为had just run int the classrm。
10.The children when a strange nise caught their attentin.
孩子们正在院子里玩耍，这时一个奇怪的声音引起了他们的注意。
【答案】were playing in the yard
【详解】分析原句，“正在院子里玩耍”有待翻译。“玩耍”是play；“在院子里”是in the yard。本句考查了句式“ 正在做……这时……”，可知该句要使用句式be 。前后时态要保持一致，根据后半部分caught可知，该句是过去时。空白前的主语是children，复数概念，故答案为were playing in the yard。
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Maverick Oya,an art student at Western Mindana State University in the Philippines. He recently made news headlines arund the wrld after___1___ his sister with a ne f-a-kind prm (毕业舞会) dress that he made by hand.
It all started earlier this mnth. when he learned that his sister Keanna wanted t___2___ the upcming prm in February.___3___，renting a dress suitable fr such a(n)___4___ was very expensive. Their parents simply culdn't___5___ it. Since she was in her final year f junir high-schl, she still___6___ . Determined t make his sister's prm a memrable ne, Maverick decided t make her a___7___ princess dress himself,
The prblem was that Maverick had n___8___making dresses, but after sme learning, he eventually decided that his sister's happiness was wrth the___9___ . He started lking at Spring and Summer cllectins as____10____ fr Keanna's dress design, and later admitted that the creatins f famus Filipin designers influenced him the mst. Despite____11____ any dress making experience, Maverick managed t turn the pencil-drawn design int a reality. The fairy-tale blue dress he made fr his sister____12____ her beautifully, and even thugh she didn't win the Best Dress award at prm, it certainly ____13____ a lt f attentin. And when Maverick____14____ pictures f the dress n scial media, alng with the stry f hw it came t be. it spread quickly nline.
Keanna's prm was n Valentine's Day, but phts f her wearing the dress are still ppular nline, and fr many it has becme a mdern____15____ f brtherly lve.
1. A. surprisingB. decratingC. greetingD. adjusting
2. A. startB. hstC. attendD. rganize
3. A. TherefreB. SuddenlyC. UnfrtunatelyD. Hardly
4. A. meetingB. eventC. accidentD. cncert
5. A. admireB. questinC. brrwD. affrd
6. A. insistedB. managedC. hesitatedD. argued
7. A. gentleB. cheapC. uniqueD. virtual
8. A. trubleB. useC. pintD. experience
9. A. effrtB. materialC. designD. mney
10. A. missinB. inspiratinC. selectinD. applicatin
11. A. gainingB. bradeningC. lackingD. ignring
12. A. impressedB. prvedC. supprtedD. fit
13. A. attractedB. paidC. dividedD. fcused
14. A. sentB. pstedC. lentD. exchanged
15. A. rleB. beliefC. timeD. symbl
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了Maverick给妹妹Keanna亲手制作了一条参加毕业舞会穿的裙子，让他成为了世界各地的新闻头条。文章讲述了他制作裙子的过程，他这一举动成为了兄长之爱的现代象征。【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，他成为了世界各地的新闻头条，因为他亲手制作了一件独一无二的毕业舞会礼服，给了妹妹一个惊喜。A. surprising使惊奇；B. decrating装饰；C. greeting打招呼；D. adjusting调整。根据后文his sister with a ne f-a-kind prm dress可知是指用自己亲手做的舞会礼服给了妹妹Keanna 一个惊喜。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都开始于本月初，当时他得知他的妹妹肯纳想参加即将在二月份举行的毕业舞会。A. start开始；B. hst主持；C. attend参加；D. rganize组织。根据后文the upcming prm in February可知妹妹想要参加二月份举行的毕业舞会。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，租一件适合这样一个活动的衣服是非常昂贵的。A. Therefre因此；B. Suddenly突然；C. Unfrtunately不幸地是；D. Hardly几乎不。结合后文was very expensive可知衣服很贵，父母买不起，所以是不幸地是。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，租一件适合这样一个活动的衣服是非常昂贵的。A. meeting会面；B. event事件；C. accident事故；D. cncert音乐会。此处指衣服是用于参加毕业舞会这样的事件（event）。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的父母根本买不起。A. admire钦佩；B. questin问题；C. brrw借；D. affrd付得起。根据上文提到了衣服贵，说明父母根本支付不起（affrd）裙子的费用。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为现在是她初中的最后一年，她仍然坚持。A. insisted坚持；B. managed管理；C. hesitated犹豫；D. argued争论。根据上文Since she was in her final year f junir high-schl可知因为是初中最后一年了，所以妹妹坚持要去毕业舞会。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让妹妹的毕业舞会留下深刻的印象，Maverick决定亲自为她制作一件独特的公主礼服。A. gentle温和的；B. cheap便宜的；C. unique独特的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据后文princess dress himself可知Maverick决定亲自为她制作一件独特的公主礼服。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是Maverick没有做衣服的经验，但经过一些学习，他最终决定他妹妹的幸福是值得努力的。A. truble麻烦；B. use使用；C. pint要点；D. experience经历。根据上文The prblem was that Maverick had n可知Maverick没有做衣服的经验，这是一个问题。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是Maverick没有做衣服的经验，但经过一些学习，他最终决定他妹妹的幸福是值得努力的。A. effrt努力；B. material材料；C. design设计；D. mney钱。结合上文but after sme learning, he eventually decided that his sister's happiness was wrth the可知Maverick虽然没有做衣服的经验，但是他觉得值得为妹妹的快乐幸福而付出努力。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开始寻找春夏系列作为Keanna服装设计的灵感，后来他承认菲律宾著名设计师的设计对他的影响最大。A. missin任务；B. inspiratin灵感；C. selectin选择；D. applicatin申请。根据上文He started lking at Spring and Summer cllectins as可知Maverick开始为做衣服寻找灵感，故选B。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏任何服装制作经验，Maverick还是成功地把这个用铅笔画出来的设计变成了现实。A. gaining获得；B. bradening变宽；C. lacking缺乏；D. ignring忽视。结合上文可知Maverick没有做衣服的经验，因此是缺乏（lacking）服装制作经验。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为妹妹做的那件童话般的蓝色礼服非常适合她，尽管她没有赢得毕业舞会上的最佳礼服奖，但它确实吸引了很多人的注意。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. prved证明；C. supprted支持；D. fit适合。根据后文her beautifully可推知Maverick给妹妹做的衣服很适合妹妹。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为妹妹做的那件童话般的蓝色礼服非常适合她，尽管她没有赢得毕业舞会上的最佳礼服奖，但它确实吸引了很多人的注意。A. attracted吸引；B. paid支付；C. divided分开；D. fcused集中。根据后文a lt f attentin可知是指做的衣服吸引了很多注意力。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Maverick在社交媒体上发布了这条裙子的照片，并讲述了它是如何诞生的，这条裙子在网上迅速传播开来。A. sent寄出；B. psted发布，张贴；C. lent借给；D. exchanged交换。根据后文n scial media可知是将衣服的照片发布到社交媒体上。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Keanna的毕业舞会是在情人节，但她穿着这条裙子的照片在网上仍然很受欢迎，对很多人来说，这已经成为兄长之爱的现代象征。A. rle角色；B. belief信念；C. time时间；D. symbl象征。根据后文f brtherly lve可知Maverick为妹妹亲手制作去参加舞会的裙子，这一行为成了一种兄长之爱的象征。故选D。
二、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Rescue wrkers had cllected 820 birds frm the Gulf f Mexic il spill, the majrity f them already dead. The current spill prmises t be the largest in US histry, and as cleanup effrts stretch acrss the summer, it's clear that mre iled birds will be fund, stuck and suffering in the black stick liquid. And as they d with every il spill, rescue wrkers will g t great lengths t capture and clean the survivrs hping t restre them t their natural habitat.
Is it wrth the effrt? Sme scientists aren't s sure. Because the stress f being captured and bathed is as significant as the hrrr f being immersed in il, and because research suggests that many rescued birds die shrtly after being released, sme experts say euthanasia (安乐死) is a mre humane ptin.
Clean bird feathers repel water (防水) and regulate bdy temperature while dirty nes dn't. Oil in particular makes feathers heavier and decreases their ability t trap air, which in turn makes birds weak and becme easier t drwning, verheating and rgan damage. Of curse, being captured and cleaned is n picnic either. Sme birds wind up returning t their destryed habitats nly t fall victim t the il again. And thse wh manage t avid a secnd il bath suffer dramatically shrtened life spans (跨度) and lwer reprductive success. Of the thusands f birds that were rescued frm the Prestige il spill ff the cast f Spain in 2002, nly 600 were released int the wild; mst f the rest died after just a few days in captivity.
Hwever, bird rescuers say they have learned a lt abut hw t best help il-saked birds, and that therefre, survival rates stand t increase this time arund. In the past, birds were cleaned right away, and vlunteers ften wrked thrugh the night bathing rescued birds. But nw, captured birds are left t rest fr a day r tw befre being cleaned, and nly washed during the day, s as nt t disrupt their circadian (生理的) rhythms. But part f that increase may be due t greater selectivity n the part f rescuers. The wrkers d bld tests right in the field nw and birds that are laded with hydrcarbns (碳氢化合物) r dn't lk like they're ging t make it are put dwn right away, rather than subjected t the stress f captivity and cleaning.
And s far, while release rates may be imprving, there is little evidence f better medium r lng-term survival, especially fr the mre-difficult-t-save species. There still aren't gd prtcls (协议) fr repairing the internal rgan damage. Anyway, rescue effrts will cntinue in large part because the public demands that. Euthanasia is a difficult thing t d, especially fr peple wh have built their lives arund saving animals.
1.Why d sme scientists dubt the effrt t rescue iled birds?
A.Because it has cst t much time and mney.
B.Because human may be infected with the bird virus.
C.Because it is trture fllwed by death t birds.
D.Because migrant birds may braden the pllutin.
2.The case f Spain cast spill is mentined t indicate ________.
A.thusands f birds were plluted by il
B.the survival rate f iled birds was very lw
C.the effrts t rescue iled birds were ineffective
D.captivity is an impractical methd t rescue binds
3.Why d the survival rates f iled birds increase?
A.Oiled birds are kept in warm water fr ne r tw days
B.The secnd cleaning f the iled birds in daytime is nt permitted
C.The rescuers ften select the birds that are likely t survive
D.Hydrcarbns are remved t rescue the iled birds
4.Why des iled birds' rescue remain a cntrversial prblem?
A.Oiled birds' internal rgan damage is permanent.
B.Euthanasia is a difficult and heart-aching peratin.
C.The mre-difficult-t-save species will die by cleaning.
D.The rescue is iled birds' suffering while seeing them die is cruel.
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，在石油泄露事件中，有很多鸟儿在石油中被粘住，遭受苦难。救援人员尽最大努力援救它们。但是科学家们质疑救援工作是否值得。一方面，获救的鸟儿经历了被捕获、被清理的痛苦之后还是会死去，存活率很低；另一方面，对鸟儿进行安乐死也是很多人不能接受的。
【1题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"because research suggests that many rescued birds die shrtly after being released"因为研究表明许多获救的鸟类在被释放后不久就死亡了。因此，科学家们怀疑自己在救鸟儿时作的努力可能是白费了，故选C。
【2题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Of the thusands f birds that were rescued frm the Prestige il spill ff the cast f Spain in 2002, nly 600 were released int the wild; mst f the rest died after just a few days in captivity”在2002年从西班牙海岸的Prestige石油泄漏事故中获救的数千只鸟类中，只有600只被放生到野外；其余大部分在被关在笼中短短几天后死亡。根据这些数据可知，被浸在石油中的鸟儿即使获救，他们的存活率也很低。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“part f that increase may be due t greater selectivity n the part f rescuers. The wrkers d bld tests right in the field nw and birds that are laded with hydrcarbns (碳氢化合物) r dn't lk like they're ging t make it are put dwn right away”可知，获救的鸟儿存活率将会上升的部分原因可能是由于救援人员方面的做出了更大选择。工人们对获救的鸟儿做血液测试，那些身上满是石油或看起来不会活下来的鸟儿立刻被放弃了。工人们选择性地抢救那些有存活可能的鸟儿。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“while release rates may be imprving, there is little evidence f better medium r lng-term survival和rescue effrts will cntinue in large part because the public demands that Euthanasia is a difficult thing t d, especially fr peple wh have built their lives arund saving animals ”可知，一方面虽然释放率在提高，但是几乎没有证据表明被释放的鸟儿生存状况更好；另一方面，救援工作仍将继续，因为安乐死是一件困难的事情，特别是对于那些从事拯救动物的工作的人来说。所以是否救这些被油浸过的鸟儿还是一个有争议的问题。援救那些鸟儿，对于鸟儿来说也要遭受痛苦，而看到它们的死去也是很残忍的。故选D。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Seventy-ne-year-ld retired judge, Len, 1 (drive) his car ne day last March when he suddenly had a heart attack. He later learned that smene had ffered him first-aid 2 (treat). Sn after he recvered, Len was 3 (determine) t thank the persn wh saved him.
Searching the recrds f peple wh called 911 that day, Len fund that he was saved by a lady 4 (name) Susie Pwell. “I was n my way t the ffice when I saw that he curled up in 5 (he) seat,” recalled Pwell. Luckily fr Len, Pwell had just cmpleted a curse in first aid. She immediately applied her first-aid knwledge 6 practice. She called 911. Then she gt him ut f the car and laid him 7 (mild) n his back.
Tw weeks after the incident, the tw met fr lunch. Len tld Pwell abut his wide 8 (interest) in his spare time. When Len asked 9 he culd d t thank her, Pwell said he didn’t need t d anything. Hwever, 10 idea came int Len’s mind. He wuld spnsr a pr child’s educatin in Pwell’s name.
【答案】1. was driving 2. treatment 3. determined 4. named 5. his
6. t 7. mildly 8. interests 9. what 10. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了退休法官Len在去年三月驾车时突发心脏病，被Susie Pwell救助。康复后，Len决心感谢Pwell，并在两人午餐时得知Pwell不愿接受任何感谢。于是，Len决定以Pwell的名义资助一名贫困儿童的教育。
【1题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是固定句型“be ding ... when ...”，表示“正在做某事时（主句），另外一事突然发生（从句）”。根据语境可知，这是过去发生的事情，且句子的主语“Len”为第三人称单数，故填was driving。
【2题详解】
考查词性转换。设空处在句中作“had ffered”的直接宾语，应用treat的名词形式treatment，意为“治疗；诊治”。故填treatment。
【3题详解】
考查词性转换。be determined t d sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，是固定搭配。故填determined。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句不缺谓语，故设空处应填非谓语动词。此处指一位名叫Susie Pwell的女士，name和“a lady”之间是被动关系，故填named。
【5题详解】
考查代词。seat是名词，此处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
【6题详解】
考查介词。apply ... t ... 意为“把……运用到……”，是固定搭配。故填t。
【7题详解】
考查副词。设空处在句中修饰动词“laid”，应用mild的副词形式作状语，故填mildly。
【8题详解】
考查名词复数。interest在此处意为“爱好”，是可数名词，根据空前的“wide”可知，此处应用interest的复数形式，故填interests。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“d”的宾语，表示“所……的……”。故填what。
【10题详解】
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个主意”，且“idea”的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A bunch f strangers shwed up at the gym in the early mrning f the last Sunday f April. A few athletes were already stretching their arms, but mst f us culd barely fcus. As I was burning ff last night's wrng decisin—a big meal, I sptted a pster abut a gym's 21-day wrkut challenge, and I immediately signed up. I always wanted t train fr a marathn, s I cnsidered this as my warm-up. Besides, I needed t stp being lazy and this was my chance t make a change.
It was easy t prmise n paper, but three weeks f recmmended exercise rutines and diet restrictins wuldn't be easy. I stuck t wrking ut 30 minutes a day, and I didn't disturb my nrmal rutine. Instead, I had t be faced with the tugh wrk f being mre creative in my spare time, thus breaking sme bad habits.
Overcming weaknesses with willpwer was my gal fr the next part f the jurney. But the difficult part abut making a challenge is realizing that "wanting" and "ding" are tw very different things. Just like a career, yu have t physically wrk fr it rather than just wait fr it t happen. But that's hard. Thrughut the 21 days, I ften tld myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried t sabtage myself frm exercising. Hwever, finally I vercame that negative thught and kept wrking ut.
At the end f the challenge, I learned smething even mre imprtant: Feeling the results is better than seeing them. I had fewer headaches and mre energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter as I researched which fds were better fr my bdy, and learned hw t make healthier meals. I felt a sense f accmplishment, t, because even thugh I wanted t give up dzens f times, I didn't. I felt my waist gt smaller and my arms gt strnger, and I n lnger felt guilty after having a piece f cake r a drink.
1.What was the authr's wrng decisin?
A.Ging t the gym early. B. Training fr a marathn.
C.Eating a lt the previus night. D. Stpping being lazy fr a change.
2.What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A.Sme f the authr's bad habits.
B.Sme ways f the authr's killing his spare time.
C.The imprtance f sticking t the nrmal daily rutine.
D.The difficulty f the authr's keeping n with the wrkut plan.
3.What des the underlined wrd "sabtage" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Prevent. B.Hear. C.Imprve. D.Distinguish.
4.What did the authr learn frm the wrkut challenge?
A.Eating healthy fd is mre imprtant than exercising.
B.Overcming a challenge culd bring gd feelings t him.
C.It's mre imprtant t see what he likes than just feel it.
D.There was n need t feel guilty abut things he disliked t d.
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，一张宣传健身锻炼的海报让作者开始马拉松的热身。虽然三个星期的锻炼计划和饮食限制是很难坚持的，但是作者坚持每天锻炼。最后，锻炼给作者带来了好心情。
【1题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As I was burning ff last night's wrng decisin—a big meal, I sptted a pster abut a gym's 21-day wrkut challenge”可知，昨晚我做了一个错误的决定：吃了一顿大餐。因此作者的错误决定是前一天晚上吃得很多。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“It was easy t prmise n paper, but three weeks f recmmended exercise rutines and diet restrictins wuldn't be easy.”可知，将承诺写在纸上是很容易的，但是坚持三个星期的锻炼和饮食限制并不容易。因此该段的主要内容是作者坚持锻炼计划的困难。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Thrughut the 21 days, I ften tld myself that the challenge was meaningless and tried t sabtage myself frm exercising.”中的and前后两句是承接关系，and前面说的是“在这21天里，我经常告诉自己，挑战是没有意义的。” 由“Hwever, finally I vercame that negative thught and kept wrking ut.”可知，然而我终于克服了这种消极的想法继续锻炼。hwever前后的内容是转折关系。因此可以推断出and后面的内容是“不想再锻炼下去”，故选A。
【4题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的“At the end f the challenge, I learned smething even mre imprtant: I had fewer headaches and mre energy, and was simply happier. I even felt a little smarter …I felt a sense f accmplishment…I felt my waist gt smaller and my arms gt strnger, and I n lnger felt guilty after having a piece f cake r a drink.”可知，在锻炼的最后我头痛少了，精力充沛了，而且更快乐。我甚至觉得自己更聪明了也有一种成就感，我觉得我的腰变小了，胳膊变壮了，吃了一块蛋糕或一杯饮料后，我不再感到内疚。因此作者感受到了克服运动挑战能给他带来好心情。故选B。
二、七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips n Hw t Be a Successful Student
Being a student is nt easy. With a new identity, different duties appear. ___1___ In rder t live a meaningful and successful life, it is necessary t develp the right habits that help simplify learning and mastering the prfessin.
Increase Yur Self-Esteem
D yu think that scientists knw everything and therefre easily deal with any prblems? ___2___ Every day sme changes take place in the wrld. Experts rely n their wn knwledge and experience in slving any prblem, regardless f its cmplexity. Imagine yurself a wrld-class pr wh is faced with a certain bstacle. What wuld yu d in his place? Such rle-playing games can increase yur self-esteem.
___3___
When slving any task, cnnect all yur abilities and feelings. D nt be shy f emtins. In this way yu activate the maximum number f cells and muscles, attract the bdy t wrk t the maximum. The mre feelings and pssibilities yu cnnect, the easier it will be t slve the prblem. The brain will nt nly receive infrmatin frm everywhere but als crrectly prcess, recrd and use it.
Be Active
All students can be divided int active and passive. Passive prefer t simply g with the flw. Active peple try nt nly t prepare fr each class but als t understand it, fight fr self-develpment. ___4___ This feature allws nt nly t quickly grasp new things and adapt but als t skillfully use the knwledge gained.
Set a Clear Gal
Studying at the university, a student must understand why he r she needs it. Fr this, it is imprtant t set a specific, understandable gal. The gal may be shrt r lng term. After it is achieved, set a new gal and g fr it. ___5___ It all depends n the desire f the student.
Learn frm mistakes
The main thing is nt t give up after the fall. Analyze the situatin, think abut what yu did wrng, take advantage f this and just g frward. Yu need t learn frm yur wn mistakes.
A. Use All the Senses.
B. Pay Attentin t Emtins.
C. In fact, it is simply impssible t knw everything.
D. Students, like all peple, have bth ups and dwns.
E. The gal may be t successfully finish exams r receive a degree.
F. They are ready t participate in all kinds f meetings and cmpetitins.
G. Yu nt nly have t adapt but als have t finish all the tasks and prmises in time.
【答案】1. G 2. C 3. A 4. F 5. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为一名成功的学生提出了一些建议。
【1题详解】
根据上文“Being a student is nt easy. With a new identity, different duties appear.(做一个学生是不容易的。有了新的身份，就有了不同的职责)”可知，本句承接上文，说明新身份带来的不同职责。故G选项“你不仅要适应，而且要及时完成所有的任务和承诺”符合语境，故选G。
【2题详解】
根据上文“D yu think that scientists knw everything and therefre easily deal with any prblems?(你认为科学家无所不知，因此能轻松解决任何问题吗？)”以及后文“Every day sme changes take place in the wrld.(世界上每天都发生着一些变化)”可知，后文提到世界上每天都发生着一些变化，推测对于上文的问题是否定回答，即不可能知道一切。故C选项“事实上，要知道一切是不可能的”符合语境，故选C。
【3题详解】
根据本段内容“When slving any task, cnnect all yur abilities and feelings. D nt be shy f emtins. In this way yu activate the maximum number f cells and muscles, attract the bdy t wrk t the maximum. The mre feelings and pssibilities yu cnnect, the easier it will be t slve the prblem. The brain will nt nly receive infrmatin frm everywhere but als crrectly prcess, recrd and use it.(在解决任何任务时，把你所有的能力和感觉联系起来。不要羞于感情。通过这种方式，你激活了最大数量的细胞和肌肉，吸引身体最大限度地工作。你联系的感觉和可能性越多，解决问题就越容易。大脑不仅要接收来自四面八方的信息，还要正确地处理、记录和使用这些信息)”可知，本段给出的建议是把能力和感觉联系起来，故A选项“运用所有感官”符合语境，故选A。
【4题详解】
根据上文“All students can be divided int active and passive. Passive prefer t simply g with the flw. Active peple try nt nly t prepare fr each class but als t understand it, fight fr self-develpment.( 所有的学生都可以分为主动和被动。被动的人喜欢随波逐流。积极的人不仅努力准备每节课，而且努力理解它，争取自我发展)”可知，本句承接上文，说明积极的人是如何自我发展的，F选项They指代上文Active peple。故F选项“他们准备参加各种会议和比赛”符合语境，故选F。
【5题详解】
根据上文“Studying at the university, a student must understand why he r she needs it. Fr this, it is imprtant t set a specific, understandable gal. The gal may be shrt r lng term. After it is achieved, set a new gal and g fr it.(在大学学习，学生必须明白他或她为什么需要它。为此，设定一个具体的、可理解的目标是很重要的。目标可以是短期的，也可以是长期的。完成目标后，设定一个新的目标，并为之努力)”可知，本句承接上文，说明目标如何设定。故E选项“目标可能是顺利完成考试或获得学位”符合语境，故选E。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
My father always tld me, "All wrk is nble. ” He wasn't wealthy, but he earned a quite 1 (reasn) living. Thanks t his effrt, I was able t g t an art cllege. I, hwever, wanted t d smething different, smething mre interesting - I was special!
After graduatin, I mved t New Yrk 2 search f a graphic designer jb. It was winter and I nly brught mney t supprt myself fr abut a mnth. I wasn't wrried-I was sure I'd find a fantastic jb immediately.
Within a few weeks, 3 (reject) many times in twn, I fund myself wandering arund the streets. My hstel rent was almst gne and I hadn't eaten fr days. “Hw had I reached this pint?" I wndered as I trembled in my thin jacket.
I was just abut t give up 4 my dad called. He suggested I get a jb in a restaurant until smething else came alng. At first, pride made me hesitate but I was cld, hungry, and unwilling t g hme feeling ashamed and defeated.
I entered a cafe near ne f the design 5 (ffice) that had turned me away and asked the manager if they were hiring waiters. She said they were shrthanded , and I 6 (ffer) a jb right away. Surprisingly, I fund that I really enjyed serving peple. I started making big tips. Later, the manager learned that I had a design backgrund and asked me t design the cafe menus, That led t a part-time jb at an advertising cmpany.
7 (previus) I had never cnsidered 8 (be) a waiter, but there I was. I eventually gt my dream design jb, but that winter I learned nt t make an 9 (assume) abut wrk. The restaurant 10 I nce wrked will be remembered by me frever.
【答案】1．reasnable 2．in 3．having been rejected/rejected 4．when 5．ffices 6．was ffered 7．Previusly 8．being 9．assumptin 10．where
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，短文主要讲了作者在一个找工作的冬天中经历困难，后来明白了任何工作都是值得尊敬的，不需为找工作做任何设想。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他并不富裕，但他的生活相当不错。此处修饰名词living应用形容词，故填reasnable。【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：毕业后，我搬到纽约找一份平面设计师的工作。固定短语in search f“搜索，寻找”，故填in。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几周之内，我在城里被拒绝了很多次，我发现自己在街上游荡。分析句子结构可知reject在句中做非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语I构成被动，故用过去分词rejected；或此处reject发生在fund之前，且与I构成被动，故应用having been dne形式，故填having been rejected/rejected。
【4题详解】
考查连接词。句意：我正要放弃的时候，我爸爸打来电话。固定句式sb. be t d sth. when…“某人正要做某事，突然……”，故填when。
【5题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：我走进一个设计办公室附近的咖啡馆，问经理他们是否在招聘服务员。固定短语ne f后跟名词复数形式，表示“……其中之一”，故填ffices。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：她说他们人手不足，我马上就得到了一份工作。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文said可知应用一般过去时，主语为I，故填was ffered。
【7题详解】
考查副词。句意：以前我从来没有想过要当服务员，但我做到了。修饰后文整个句子应用副词，故填Previusly。【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。短语cnsider ding sth.表示“考虑做某事”。故填being。
【9题详解】
考查名词。句意：我最终得到了梦寐以求的设计工作，但那年冬天我学会了不要对工作做任何假设。根据上文an可知应填单数名词assumptin，短语make an assumptin“做假设”。故填assumptin。
【10题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我曾经工作过的那家餐馆将永远被我记住。此处为定语从句修饰先行词restaurant，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2023新课标Ⅰ卷）The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spent n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
1. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
2. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
3. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
4. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
B
（2023新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
5. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
6. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
7. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
8. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A.Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
二、七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Persnal Frgiveness
（2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____1____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____2____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____3____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____4____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this — it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____5____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. C 5. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【1题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【2题详解】
根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【3题详解】
根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【4题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this — it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【5题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2023新课标Ⅰ卷）Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, ____1____ (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether ____2____ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____3____ t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. Shanghai may be the ____4____ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace. There yu will find them prepared differently — mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed ____5____ hand rather than rlled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ____6____ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f ____7____ (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with ____8____ tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is ____9___ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _____10___ (want) mre next time.
【答案】1. tasty 2. t bite 3. r 4. recgnized 5. by
6. t be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词sup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：吃小笼包时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填r。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recgnized。
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，故填t be lifted。
7题详解】
考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词cntents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a tuch f “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，tuch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
【9题详解】
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。