【01-暑假复习】专题05 形容词、副词、介词、情态动词和连词 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)(2)

这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题05 形容词、副词、介词、情态动词和连词 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)(2)，共12页。试卷主要包含了在形容词后加-ly， by+名词 表示方式， 以 in 开头的介词短语， f+名词 表示特征， with+名词 表示方式等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
考点一
形容词、副词
一.形容词副词的转化
1.在形容词后加-ly。
quick → quickly calm → calmly brave → bravely clear → clearly
2.以-y结尾的形容词，先将y变为-i，再加-ly。
easy → easily heavy → heavily busy → busily happy → happily
3.以-le结尾的形容词，去-加-y。
gentle → gently terrible → terribly cmfrtable → cmfrtably
注意：有些词后加ly构成形容词。如:friendly(友好的), lively(活跃热情的), lvely(可爱的), lnely(孤独的)。
二.形容词、副词的基本用法
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。
After the lng jurney, the three f them went back hme, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。
2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：thugh, (ever)since, in case等。
He is ld. He wrks hard, thugh.＝Thugh he is ld, he wrks hard.
虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。
3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：bviusly, naturally, surprisingly等。
Frtunately, he was nt drwned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily fr her, her stepmther was kind t her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
4. can nt/never与enugh 或t连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。
—I was riding alne in the street and all f a sudden, a car cut in and kncked me dwn.
——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。
—Yu can never be t careful in the street.
——在大街上你越小心越好。
三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(一)比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化
(1)规则变化
(2)不规则变化
(二)形容词、副词的比较等级的句型
平级比较
1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂nt as/s＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
The task is nt as/s difficult as yu imagine.这项任务不是像你想像得那么难。
比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lt，a bit, a little, a great deal等。
He is much taller than Ya Ming.他比姚明高多了。
The bk is better by far than that ne. 这本书比那本书要好得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
(1)＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
Yu lk much yunger than I d. 你看上去比我年轻多了。
She desn’t wrk harder than yu. 她工作不如你努力。
(2)由mre, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①mre ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词
I have mre news bks than my cusin. 我的新闻书比我表弟的多。
②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词
He has less water than me. 他的水比我的少。
③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词
They have fewer flwers than we . 他们的花比我们的少。
3. 比较级的特殊结构
(1)The mre…, the mre…表示＂越……，就越……＂(mre代表比较级)
The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。
2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂mre and mre+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂
Our schl is cleaner and cleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。
Our city becmes mre and mre beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。
3.＂the＋比较级＋f the tw ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。
The taller f the tw bys is my brther.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
4.＂n +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂
＂nt +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者
Yu are n taller than I. 你和我一样矮。
My handwriting is nt better than yurs. 我的书法没有你的好。
最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almst，by n means，nt really，nt quite，nthing like。
The bridge being built nw is by far the lngest acrss the Yellw River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。
2. 最高级意义的表达法
①the +最高级+比较范围
②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
③比较级＋than＋any ther＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the ther＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyne else
比较级＋than＋any f the ther＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest f＋复数名词或不可数名词
eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)
(1)Julia is taller than any ther girl in her class.
(2)Julia is taller than all the ther girls in her class.
(3)Julia is taller than any f the ther girls in her class.
(4)Julia is taller than the rest f girls in her class.
(5)Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。
There is n greater lve than that f a man wh lays dwn his life fr his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
四 倍数表示法
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋f＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋f＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
①This building is three times higher than that ne.
This building is three times as high as that ne.
This building is three times the height f that ne.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
②The utput f this year is 3 times that f 2008.
＝The utput f this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was intrduced，the factry prduced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year befre.
自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
考点二
介词
一. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
1.介词与动词的搭配
listen t, laugh at, get t, lk fr, wait fr, hear frm, turn n, turn ff, wrry abut, think f, lk after, 等。
2.介与名词的搭配
n time, in time, by bus, n ft, with pleasure, n ne’s way t, in truble, at breakfast, at the end f, in the end 等。
介词与形容词的搭配
be late fr, be afraid f, be gd at, be interested in, be angry with, be full f, be srry fr 等。
二. 介词的省略
1. 当表示时间的词前有 this, that, next, last, every, each, sme, any, all等时，介词常省略。
Please cme here next week.
This week he will visit his uncle in Shanghai.
表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”解时，前面不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the dctr away
习惯搭配中介词的省略
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有:
spend mney/time (in) ding sth,
waste mney/time (in)ding sth
have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth,
be busy ding sth
stp/prevent sb (frm) ding sth 等。
三 常用介词易混辨析
1.表时间的介词
(1)at, in, n
(2) since, after
表示地点的介词
at，in，n
ver，abve，n
(3) acrss，thrugh
acrss和thrugh均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。。如:
(4) in frnt f in the frnt f如:
3.表示“除了”的介词: except，except fr, except that, besides, but
4.表示“用”的介词 in，with，by
四、常见的介词短语
1. at+名词:表示状态
at wrk 在工作at peace 处于和平状态at war 处于战争状态
2. at 开头的介词短语
at the beginning f... 在……开头at the same time 与此同时
at the cst f.. 以……为代价
3. n +名词:表示状态
n firen shwn businessn hlidayn vacatin
n leaven the way
4.其他的以 n 开头的介词短语
n the tp f 在上面/顶端n behalf f 代表
5. by+名词 表示方式
by air=by planeby ship-by scaby carby train
by hand 手工by mistake 错误地
6. 以 in 开头的介词短语
in n time 立即in place f 代替in additin t 另外
in charge f 掌管in return 作为回报in spite f 尽管
7. f+名词 表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
f help=helpfulf imprtance=imprtant
f use=usefulf value=valuable 有价值的
8. ut f+名词 表示状态
ut f date 过期ut f cntrl 失控ut f breath上气不接下气
ut f wrk 失业ut f sight 看不见
9. with+名词 表示方式
with jy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地with fear害怕地
考点三
情态动词
1. can/culd
①can表示能力，意为“能够”。②can表示请求，culd 表示委婉语气。③can表示许可。④can/can’t表推测，意为“可能/不可能”，常用于疑问句或否定句。⑤culd sb have dne...？意为“某人做过某事吗？”，culdn’t have dne意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。
2. may/might
①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well“还是……好”。⑤might have dne表示对过去的推测，意为“可能做了某事”。might nt have dne意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。
3. must
①must表示必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③must be表示对现在的推测，只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤must have dne表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推测。
4. shuld
①表示推测，意为“按理说应当”。②shuld have dne 意为“本应做而没做”，shuldn’t have dne表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表示“竟然”。④shuld (nt) d sth＝ught (nt) t d sth(不)应该做某事。
5. shall
①用于第一人称，表示将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人向对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
6. need/dare
•dare和need用作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加nt，如用法②和③。
•dare和need用作实义动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词d/des，且其后要加(t) d，如用法①④⑤。
•其用法简单总结为：有助有t，无助无t。
7. will/wuld
①表示意愿。②表示事物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④wuld/used t表示过去的习惯。⑤表示意愿，意志。
1.用于固定习语中
can’t/can (无论……也不过分；越……越好)
2. can与be able t的区别
(1)can只有一般现在时和一般过去时；be able t则有更多的时态。
3. must和have t 的区别
must是说话人的主观看法，而have t则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have t 有更多的时态形式。
难点一形容词
1. S eager was she t be a crew member that she vercame many difficulties and ultimately became ________(qualify).
难点二 副词
This is especially true in cuntries where traditinal medicines are ________(wide) used.
难点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
She ________(far) explained althugh this wman was ld and bedridden(卧床不起的), she was still a lady, and the ld deserved t be treated with respect.
难点四 倍数关系句型
During an interview, Prfessr Hawking warned that AI(人工智能) wuld sn reach a level where it wuld be a "new frm f life" that wuld perfrm ________(well) than humans.
难点五 介词和介词短语
Up t nw we haven’t fund a cure ________ cancer.
难点六 情态动词
1. If he can ________(cmbinatin) his natural ability and hard wrk, he shuld be very successful.
2. Yu can’t imagine a well-behaved man ________ be s rude t a lady. (情态动词)
3. We suggest the data need ________(update) every mnth.
提升专练
I.单句语法填空
1. Yur jeans are nt ________(suit) fr such a frmal ccasin, s yu’d better replace it with a suit.
2. It is ________(amaze) that the crwds gathered n the street t celebrate Christmas.
3. My little brther is always s ________(energy) that he can play ftball fr hurs withut getting tired.
4. There are certain prducts and services that are very ________(suit) fr selling nline.
5. A series f studies shw that heart respnds well t ________(energy) exercise.
6. He wrked ________(energetic) all day lng and finally finished the difficult task.
7. We must identify real needs and wrk ________(flexible) and cperatively.
8. Jim was bitten by a dg in the park. ________(frtune), he nly gt slightly injured.
9. ________(riginal), this nvel described the develpment f hip-pp music.
10. The teenager ________(vluntary) signed up fr the after-schl tutring prgramme, eager t help yunger students with their studies.
11. Therefre, apart ________ being fun and gd exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
12. The gvernment’s quick respnse ________ the crisis earned public praise.
13. Accrding ________ the reprt, at least seven ut f ten factries discharge untreated waste water, ________ which a large amunt pllutes the rivers seriusly.
14. Miss Zha, a famus expert in Chinese histry, will be invited t give a lecture ________(cncern)the histry f the Silk Rad.
15. ________ the freezing weather, the sldiers managed t reach the destinatin in time.
16. Parents shuld ________(equipment)their children with the skills they need t face future challenges.
17. Users can ________(filter) psts by date r relevance.
18. I shuld ________(aplgy) fr failing t keep my prmise.
19. Yu can either ________(slutin) the prblem by yurself, r seek help frm yur classmates.
20. Yu shuld ________(aplgy) t her fr what yu have dne.
II.阅读理解
(24-25高一下·河北衡水·开学考试)Dgs have been humans’ best friends fr thusands f years, and their ability t understand us ges mre than just fllwing rders. Dgs are really gd at understanding hw humans feel. They’ve learned t pick up n wrds and facial expressins frm humans. A recent study has shwn that dgs can actually smell human stress and respnd(反应) t it in ways that suggest a clse relatinship with us humans. This interesting discvery thrws light n hw deeply clse ur lives have becme with ur dg friends.
S, can dgs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University f Bristl did a study where they fund that dgs can sense stress thrugh a chemical called crtisl(皮质醇) in ur sweat. This ability allws them t respnd emtinally t human stress.
In the study, 18 vlunteers and their dgs tk part. These vlunteers went thrugh public speaking and tk tests f slving difficult math prblems withut any preparatin. Their wrry made mre crtisl appear in their sweat. When the dgs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curius and shwed less interest in a fd bwl in an uncertain psitin, as if they thught there was n fd in thse bwls. It seems that dgs can really feel the stress f humans and their wn feelings can be affected, t. This shws that humans and dgs have a very deep cnnectin, where emtins can spread between us like a wave.
Then hw did dgs develp such ability t sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dgs survive in the past. If they culd tell when anther member f their grup was wrried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Ze Parr-Crtes, lead study authr and a Ph.D. student at Bristl Veterinary Schl, said, “Being able t sense stress frm anther member f the pack was likely beneficial.”
1. Why did vlunteers in the study d public speaking and math tasks?
A. T test their scial skills.B. T see hw dgs wuld help them.
C. T shw their ability t reduce pressure.D. T raise their stress and crtisl levels.
2. What happened when dgs smelled stress in the study?
A. Their respnse was faster.B. They stayed away frm their wners.
C. They fcused less n fd.D. They barked t warn wners f danger.
3. What might be the reasn dgs develped the ability t sense stress?
A. T avid danger.B. T prtect their fd.
C. T hunt mre effectively.D. T better understand humans.
4. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A guidebk fr dg training.B. A scientific research reprt.
C. A newspaper abut animal adventures.D. A magazine abut wildlife prtectin.
III.完形填空
(24-25高三下·江苏南通·开学考试)One winter evening, I was driving hme thrugh a snwstrm. Suddenly, I nticed a vehicle 1 me. I fund it smewhat disturbing, but I didn’t give it much thught. Then, withut warning, my tyre burst with a(n) 2 bang! I wrestled with the steering wheel t maintain 3 and carefully pulled ff the rad, my heart punding. I 4 n my hazard lights, hping fr assistance.
T my astnishment, the car behind me als 5 . A man swiftly emerged frm the driver’s seat. He came ver t my car and inquired if I was unharmed. Still in a state f shck, I ndded 6 . Withut a mment’s hesitatin, he gt dwn t 7 . He tk ut a spare 8 frm my trunk and began the task f replacing the 9 ne. Despite the terrible weather, he wrked with remarkable precisin and 10 .
Once he had finished, he 11 his hands n a clth and remarked, “I was planning t 12 tw kilmetres back. But smething abut that tyre seemed 13 t me. I’m glad I decided t fllw yu alng the way. Yu never knw what might happen n a night like this.”
I was verwhelmed with gratitude. I thanked him sincerely, but he just smiled 14 and said, “N prblem. Just be careful ut there.” He gt back int his car and drve away, leaving me with a prfund sense f 15 fr his selflessness.
As I cntinued my jurney, the snw cntinued t fall, but the rad seemed a little less daunting.
1. A. stppingB. tailingC. screamingD. dismissing
2. A. amazingB. eye-catchingC. deafeningD. wide-ranging
3. A. cntrlB. speedC. energyD. level
4. A. leanedB. pintedC. buncedD. switched
5. A. pulled dwnB. tk verC. pulled verD. gt dwn
6. A. literallyB. weaklyC. definitelyD. vigrusly
7. A. businessB. chresC. grundD. reality
8. A. seatB. wheelC. lightD. tyre
9. A. flatB. slidC. ddD. repaired
10. A. utlkB. fantasyC. efficiencyD. vitality
11. A. shkB. wipedC. wrappedD. clapped
12. A. fleeB. exitC. flashD. slide
13. A. ffB. inC. utD. dwn
14. A. rigidlyB. scarcelyC. exclusivelyD. mdestly
15. A. permissinB. anticipatinC. cmpetenceD. admiratin
IV.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)My high schl life was a very fulfilling ne. Besides studying in class, I gt a part-time jb at a lcal cffee shp 1 lcatin was nt far frm ur schl. I hped it wuld be easy, and fr the mst part, withut any 2 (tense). I imagined myself puring cffee and becming clse friends with my custmers.
But what I hadn’t expected was the peple with s many rders and the mments when I culdn’t seem t please anyne. There was always t much sugar, t little ice, r nt enugh skim milk. Hwever, I kept at it. I had the determinatin 3 (treat) the custmers well. One custmer was angry and shuted at me because his cffee was ht. After he 4 (reflect) n the matter fr sme time, 5 (incredible) he said he regretted and 6 nt have shuted at me because it was nt my fault.
One day with Christmas arund 7 crner, ne f my custmers drpped in, seeming very sad. I thught I had better 8 (ffer) him smething t imprve his md. Befre he left, I handed him a bag alng with his iced cffee. He lked at me questiningly because he had rdered nthing but the cffee. He pened the bag and saw his favurite dughnut(甜甜圈) I had ffered t him. He smiled and thanked me befre stepping ut int the rain.
The next evening, he came. Instead f rdering smething, he handed me a single pink rse and a nte. “Thanks fr being s sweet and cnsiderate yesterday. Yur kind act prevented me 9 taking a bad step. It is s nice t meet smene wh is warm.”
As time went n, I came acrss sme custmers really particular. But whenever I felt dwn, I wuld remember that man and his kindness. Then I wuld smile, hld my head up high, clear my thrat and ask plitely, “Hw can I help yu?” The 10 (exist) f myself was t make thers live better.
V.应用文写作
(24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试)假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举行以友谊为主题的英文征文比赛。请积极向校英文报投稿参赛。要点需包含：
1. 你对友谊的理解；2. 你体验友谊的一次经历。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Friendship
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________单音
节词
及少
数双
音节
词
词尾情况
词尾加法
例词
一般情况
直接加-er, -est
yung--yunger--yungest
fas--faster--fastest
以不发音的字母-e结尾的词
在词尾加-r, -st
large--larger--largest
以重读闭音节结尾的词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est
fat--fatter--fattest
big--bigger--biggest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
将-y变为-i,再加-er, -est
easy--easier--easiest
dirty--dirtier--dirtiest
其他双音节词及多音节词
在词前加mre, mst
delicius--mre delicius--mst delicius
形容词原级
副词原级
比较级
最高级
gd(好的), well(健康的)
well(好)
better
best
bad, ill
badly
wrse
wrst
many, much
much
mre
mst
little(小的, 不严重的)
little(少许, 一点)
less
least
far
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
at
表示时间点用at。例如:at six ’clck，at nn，at midnight。
In
表示在某个世纪某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the mrning, in the afternn等。
与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。
n
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用 n。如:n Mnday，n Julv Ist，n Sunday mrning等。
since
since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。
I haven't heard frm him since last summer.
after
after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用
after 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。
After five days the by came back.
He will arrive after fur ’clck
He returned after a mnth.
at
一般指小地方; They arrived at a small village befre dark
In
一般指大地方或某个范围之内 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
n
往往表示“在某个物体的表面” The teacher put up a picture n the wall
ver
ver 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。
abve
abve也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是belw。
n
n 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。
acrss
acrss 的含义与n 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行
thrugh
thrugh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。
In frnt f
表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外; There are sme tall trees in frnt f the building
In the frnt f
表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。·The teacher is sitting in the frnt f the classrm
except
“除……之外”，指“不包括……”，后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格)，还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带t。如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用 except
except fr
“除了，只有”，意思和 except 一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。如果在区别前后是不同类的词语时，就用 except fr
except that
“除了，只是"，意思和 exeept，except fr 一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when，where 等词引导的其他从句。
besides
表示“除……外还有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides 可用作副词，相当于 als，有“而且，加之，何况”之意。
In
指“用”语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。
With
通常指“用”具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示“用”某种手段、音调等。
by
作介词表示“用”时，一般指“用”方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。