人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课后作业题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课后作业题，共16页。
A.v.划(火柴) B.v.(灾难、疾病等)侵袭
C.v.使突然想起 D.v.(钟)敲,报时
E.n.罢工 F.v.打,击打
1.The clck struck five and the exam was ver.
2.The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the rm immediately.
3.They have been n strike fr several days t get higher pay.
4.A big earthquake struck the area last week, then causing a terrible tsunami.
5.At this pint, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.
6.As an ld saying ges,“Strike while the irn is ht.”
A.v.深深打动 B.v.影响 C.v.(疾病)侵袭
7.Their pinins will nt affect my decisin.
8.The disease mainly affected children under 8.
9.They were deeply affected by the stry f the pr man.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.T build up his strength, he gradually increases the (lng) f the runs.
2.In my dream,my mther smiled,waving me.
3.Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
4.Hwever, the majrity f peple are (effect) speakers because they train t be.
5. summary, my mm’s simple act has a deep effect me.
6.As lng as we make every effrt (slve) the prblems, we will surely achieve ur gal.
7. strikes me that I ught t cut ut sugary drinks.
8.Prfessr Jeff is t give the students a talk n all he saw and heard in China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.海还是安安静静的,好像已经睡着了一样,没有风,也没有浪。(as if虚拟语气)
The sea was still quiet , withut winds r waves.(读后续写—环境描写)
2.雨开始下得很大,使得难以透过窗户看到她前院的树木。(现在分词作结果状语,make)
Rain started t cme dwn hard, the trees in her frnt yard thrugh the windw.(读后续写—场景描写)
3.We were climbing the muntain, and at that time it began t rain.(句式升级,when连接并列分句)
→We the muntain t rain.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
A tsunami caused by the mst 1 (pwer) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday, killing ver 6,500 peple in several 2 (cuntry). The undersea earthquake 3 reached a magnitude f 9.0 ccurred arund 7:00 am, Sunday ff the west cast f Indnesia’s Sumatra Island, 4 (cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number f deaths std 5 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 peple were killed.
Thusands f peple are still missing and the number f deaths 6 (expect) t grw even 7 (high). 8 freign aid is being rganized fr the tsunami-hit cuntries, dangerus cnditins and 9 (damage) rads will make it difficult 10 (deliver) fd and supplies.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Drughts Cause Prblems fr China
This summer has brught the heat and serius drughts t places arund the wrld. The drughts are leading t serius prblems, 1 (include) fd and energy shrtages, transprtatin prblems, and price increases. The effect f the drughts is likely t be felt fr years.
China 2 (face) with similar prblems nw, t. It has been trubled by a terrible drught this summer, with the temperature as high as 45℃. The drught has dried up much f the Yangtze River, China’s 3 (lng) river. That has cut the amunt(数量) f pwer 4 is prduced by the wrld’s largest dam by 40%.
China hasn’t been able t prduce enugh pwer, since hundreds f millins f peple are using electricity t keep cl. In Sichuan Prvince, the gvernment is clsing 5 (factry) dwn because there’s nt enugh energy. The cuntry is trying t make it rain by 6 (send) chemicals int cluds, which, hwever, is 7 uncertain and temprary(临时的) measure.
There are n easy ways fr any f these drughts. 8 has taken years t create the climate prblem, and getting it under cntrl will take mre time. Fr nw, gvernments and peple need t 9 (careful) manage water supplies and ther things 10 (stp) the damage.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Dry lightning(风暴闪电)can still be harmful even when cnditins aren’t s dry, said a study published in Gephysical Research Letters last mnth. Dry lightning during little t n rainfall was previusly thught t cause wildfire danger nly with less than 2.5mm f rain in a day. A Washingtn State University-led study f wildfires in the US West fund dry lightning caused wildfires despite up t 7.7mm f rain.
“The rainfall we recrded shuld help prvide a better understanding f just hw much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikv, lead authr f the study.
The researchers analyzed(分析)cases f mre than 4,600 naturally caused fires frm 2015 t 2020. They matched 3,726 f thse t the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help f the Natinal Lightning Detectin Netwrk.
The study fund that 15.3% f thse were hldver(残余)fires which burn withut smke, bringing abut ver a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall arund the time f the lightning strikes shwed there was greater rainfall than previusly thught amng the earlier fund fires.
While humans still cause many fires either by accident r n purpse, lightning-caused wildfires burn the mst areas. Nearly 70% f the wildfire-burned land in the West was brught abut by lightning-caused fires accrding t the study. Fr example, the largest wildfire burn area in Califrnian histry frmed in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at nce.
Dry lightning can als start wildfires in places that are hard fr firefighters t reach. This study fund the places where hldver fires happened repeatedly were in the frested muntains f the suthwest as well as the middle and suthern Rcky Muntains. Hldver fires cause the prblem because they are s hard t ntice.
1.The new study fund dry lightning culd still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall f .

2.What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A.The findings f the research. B.The number f the cases.
C.The prcess f the study. D.The designers f the study.
3.Why did hldver fires happen repeatedly in the frested muntains?
A.They are difficult t ntice. B.The fire service is shrt-handed.
C.Campers ften smke there. D.The lcals fail t call firefighters.
4.Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A.A histry textbk. B.A science magazine.
C.A curse plan. D.A bk review.
Ⅳ.七选五
Landslides ccur when large quantities f substances (物质), including rcks, earth, and trees, slide dwn a slpe (斜坡). They may ccur as a result f fires, earthquakes, vlcanic eruptins, strms, r human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerus because they strike suddenly, mve at extremely high speeds, and travel lng distances. Althugh landslides are ften difficult t predict, yu can prepare fr them. 1
Keep yurself alert and awake. Landslides can ccur quite suddenly, s yu need t be ready t take actin at a mment’s ntice. Many landslide-related deaths ccur while peple are asleep. 2
3 Yur lcal cmmunity shuld have a designated (指定的) public shelter. G t the shelter if yur hme is unsafe r the authrities have called fr an evacuatin.
Cnsult lcal fficials abut past landslides. Landslides tend t happen in the same area where they have ccurred befre. 4 If yu are in an at-risk area, cnsider getting a site analysis f yur prperty. This will help yu determine necessary crrective measures.
Make an emergency kit. 5 Make yur kit in advance s it is ready when needed. Yur kit shuld cntain enugh fd and water t last fr at least 72 hurs, as well as supplies like medicatins, flashlights, batteries, cellphnes, cpies f persnal dcuments, and cash.
A.Ntice unusual sunds.
B.G t a public shelter.
C.Here are sme tips which can help yu.
D.Talk t lcal fficials abut landslides in yur area.
E.In the event f a landslide r ther emergencies, chse a place.
F.If yu are with ther peple, wrk tgether t keep ne anther awake.
G.An emergency kit cntains the essentials that yur husehld will need during an emergency.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 3 Reading fr Writing, Assessing
Yur Prgress & Vide Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.D 句意:时钟敲响了五点,考试结束了。
2.A 句意:女孩划了一根火柴,温暖的光立刻充满了房间。
3.E 句意:他们为加薪已经罢工好几天了。
4.B 句意:上周,一场大地震侵袭了该地区,随后引发了可怕的海啸。
5.C 句意:这时,我突然意识到我是在浪费时间。
6.F 句意:俗话说得好,趁热打铁。
7.B 句意:他们的意见不会影响我的决定。
8.C 句意:这种疾病主要侵袭8岁以下的孩子。
9.A 句意:他们被那个可怜男人的故事深深地打动了。
Ⅱ 考查名词。句意:为了增强他的体力,他逐渐增加了跑步的里程。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的f可知此处应用名词,lng是形容词,其名词是length。
2.at/t 考查介词。wave at/t sb.意为“向某人招手/挥手”。
3.t 考查介词。句意:一旦你申请的书被运送到最近的分部,他们就会通过电子邮件告知你,这样你就可以去取了。deliver sth. t sp.意为“运送某物至某处”,此处是其被动形式sth. be delivered t...,故填t。
4.effective 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作定语,修饰复数名词speakers,故填形容词effective,意为“有影响力的”。句意:然而,大多数人是因为他们受过训练才成为卓有成效的演讲者的。
5. In;n 考查介词。句意:总之,我妈妈简单的行为对我影响很深。in summary意为“总之”,第一空置于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填In。have a(n) n...意为“对……有……的影响”,故第二空填n。
6.t slve 考查不定式。make every effrt t d sth.意为“尽一切努力做某事”,故填t slve。句意:只要我们尽一切努力解决问题,我们就一定会实现我们的目标。
7.It 考查代词。It strikes sb. that...意为“某人突然想到……”,It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填It 。句意:我突然意识到不能再喝含糖饮料了。
8.that 考查定语从句。空格前面为不定代词all,空格后面的saw and heard后面缺少宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句意: 杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。
Ⅲ if it had fallen asleep 2.making it hard t see 3.were climbing;when it began
能力提升练
Ⅰ 考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the mst和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,pwer是名词,其形容词是pwerful,意为“强有力的”。故填pwerful。
2.cuntries 考查名词复数。由空前的several(几个)可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填cuntries。
3.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面句子缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude f 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 句意:周日早上7点左右,在印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛西海岸附近发生了9.0级的海底地震,造成至少1,870人死亡。
4.causing 考查现在分词。设空处所在句已有谓语ccurred,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式;设空处指地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。
5.at 考查介词。 stand at sth.表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数达到2,498。故填at。
6.is expected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 “the number f+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number f deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计还会增加。
7.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。
8.Thugh/Althugh/While 考查连词。设空处所在句中间为逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用thugh、althugh或while引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。
9.damaged 考查过去分词。dangerus cnditins and 9 rads是主句主语,rads是名词,缺少修饰成分,rads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。
10.t deliver 考查不定式。make it difficult t d sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填t deliver。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干旱给中国带来的各种问题。
1.including 考查介词。设空处后面的“fd and energy shrtages, transprtatin prblems, and price increases”是前面的prblems的举例,故填including,意为“包括”。句意:干旱正在导致严重的问题,包括粮食和能源短缺、运输问题和物价上涨。
2.is faced 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:中国现在也面临着类似的问题。be faced with表示“面临,面对”,根据时间状语nw可知,句子描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,主语是China,be动词应用is。故填is faced。
3.lngest 考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知,长江是中国最长的河流,所以设空处应用形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词river。故填lngest。句意:干旱使中国最长的河流——长江的很多部分干涸。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词pwer指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水坝产出的电量减少了40%。
5.factries 考查名词复数。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在关闭工厂。结合常识可知,政府关闭的不止一家工厂,所以设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填factries。
6.sending 考查动名词。设空处位于介词by之后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sending。句意:中国正努力通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
7.an 考查冠词。此处表示人工降雨是一个不可靠的临时措施,设空处应用不定冠词表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素开头,前面应用不定冠词an。
8.It 考查代词。本句为“It takes/tk sme time t d sth.”句型,表示“做某事花费多少时间”,所以设空处应用it,置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
9.carefully 考查副词。设空处修饰动词manage,应用副词作状语,故填carefully,表示“小心地,谨慎地”。
10.t stp 考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要谨慎管理供水和其他事情来止损。句中已有谓语,故设空处应用非谓语动词,结合语境可知这里表示目的,所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填t stp。
【高频词汇】 1.shrtage n.缺乏,缺少 2.similar adj.相似的 3.dry up使干涸 4.chemical n.化学品 adj.化学的 5.under cntrl被控制住
长难句
原句 The cuntry is trying t make it rain by sending chemicals int cluds, which, hwever, is an uncertain and temprary measure.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。by sending chemicals int cluds为方式状语。which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文 中国正试图通过将化学物质送入云层来降雨,但这是一个不可靠的临时措施。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了风暴闪电的危害。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A Washingtn State University-led study f wildfires in the US West fund dry lightning caused wildfires despite up t 7.7 mm f rain.”可知,华盛顿州立大学的研究表明,降雨量达到7.7毫米的情况下风暴闪电仍会引发野火。故选A。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员分析了2015年至2020年间4,600多起自然引发的火灾的案例。他们将其中的3,726起与雷击相匹配。故推知,本段主要是介绍此次研究的过程。故选C。
易错归因
本题学生容易受文中信息“cases f mre than 4,600 naturally caused fires frm 2015 t 2020”和“3,726 f thse”的影响,误认为本段主要是在讲研究案例的数目。要重点关注“analyzed”和“matched”,这两个词反映出了研究的过程。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hldver fires cause the prblem because they are s hard t ntice”可知,残余的火不易被人察觉,因此反复在树木丛生的山区发生。故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“said a study published in Gephysical Research Letters”和“A Washingtn State University-led study f wildfires in the US West fund”,第三段中的“The researchers analyzed”以及第四段中的“The study fund”等可知,本文主要介绍了一项最新的研究发现,这是和科学相关的话题。由此推知,本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.publish v.发表;出版 2.previusly adv.先前地;以往地 3.despite prep.即使,尽管 4.bring abut引起,导致 5.by accident 偶然地;意外地 6.n purpse故意地
长难句
原句 Analyzing the rainfall arund the time f the lightning strikes shwed there was greater rainfall than previusly thught amng the earlier fund fires.
分析 该句主语是动名词短语“Analyzing the rainfall arund the time f the lightning strikes”,谓语为shwed,shwed后面为省略that的宾语从句,than引导省略形式的比较状语从句,介词短语“amng the earlier fund fires”作状语,其中过去分词短语earlier fund作前置定语。
译文 对雷击前后降雨量的分析显示,在早期发现的火灾中,降雨量比之前人们认为的更大。
Ⅳ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何应对滑坡给出了一些具体可行的建议。
1.C 过渡句。设空处上句提到,虽然滑坡很难预测,但是你可以为滑坡做一些准备工作。下文给出了四条具体的建议。C项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.F 细节句。本段主旨句为“使你自己保持警觉和清醒”,空前讲到许多与滑坡有关的死亡发生在人们睡着的时候。F项“如果你和其他人在一起,一起努力让彼此保持清醒”提议要保持清醒,承接上文且与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 主旨句。设空处为主旨句,本段主要讲了当滑坡发生的时候,可以到指定的公共避难所避难。分析选项可知,B项“去公共避难所”能够概括本段主要内容。故选B。
4.D 细节句。本段主旨句为“咨询当地官员过去发生的滑坡”,分析选项可知,D项“和当地官员谈谈你所在地区的滑坡”与本段主旨句意思一致,符合语境。故选D。
5.G 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Make an emergency kit.”可知,本段给出的建议是准备一个应急包。分析选项可知,G项“应急包包含你的一家人在紧急情况下需要的必需品”与本段主旨相关,符合语境。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.ccur v.发生 2.quantity n.数量
3.extremely adv.极其;非常 4.distance n.距离
5.predict v.预测;预料 6.take actin采取行动
7.analysis n.分析 8.determine v.确定;查明
9.in advance提前
【差距词汇】 in the event f...如果……发生