人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀当堂达标检测题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优秀当堂达标检测题，共7页。试卷主要包含了语篇解读，段落主题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

写作题目
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A 7.1-magnitude quake tppled(使倒塌) huses and cut ff pwer and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.
Rescuers have put up mre than 40 tents fr survivrs in Gyegu Twn, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu. But the effrt seems far less than enugh fr the area ppulated by sme 100,000 peple. Many peple sught temprary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremr(轻微地震). In the yard f Yushu’s Sprts Cmmittee, nearly 1,000 peple were sitting r lying n the grund in ttal darkness. Sme wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken ut f the debris. Sme brught their wn tents and thers turned n the lights f mtrcycles.
The Natinal Meterlgical Center f CMA frecast n Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the cming days. The twn will see strng winds and sunny weather in the cming days, prviding favrable cnditins fr rescue peratins.
The twn is lcated in a remte area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged rads, causing great difficulties fr rescuers and, especially, machines t enter the regin. In additin, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) wrking at a place with an altitude(海拔) f abve 4,000 meters.
Thusands f rescuers and medical staff are rushing t Yushu frm many regins f China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines t the quake-hit twn. The gvernment, rganizatins, enterprises and individuals are ffering dnatins f mney and materials t the regin.






文本分析
1.语篇解读
主题语境:自然灾害与救助
语篇类型:新闻报道
文章大意:青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。
2.段落主题
本篇文章为“总—分”结构,第一段概括陈述发生的事件,下面四段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下:
第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake ccurred in Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.
第二段:The survivrs relied n the tents. But because there were nt enugh tents, many peple sught temprary shelters r even sat r lay n the grund in darkness.
第三段:The weather will prvide favrable cnditins fr rescue peratins.
第四段:The damaged rads cause great difficulties fr rescuers and machines t enter the regin. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段:A lt f rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent t Yushu.
筛选、整合信息,转换表达
1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的ccurred in可以转换表达为 ,表示“袭击”。
2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看,the survivrs有三种状态,即 、 和sat r lay n the grund in darkness,其中sat r lay n the grund in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述为 。because there were nt enugh tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句,可以转换表达为because f短语,nt enugh可以转换表达为 ,表示“有限的”。
3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重点是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+宾语”来表示,不利因素有两个方面,即 和 ,这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。
4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助,所以可以用 与要点3衔接。
答案 1.hit 2.relied n the tents;sught temprary shelters;stayed utdrs;limited 3.the damaged rads;the high altitude 4.Luckily
连句成篇






参考范文
A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Prvince n Wednesday.(要点1)The survivrs relied n the tents, but because f the limited tents, many peple sught temprary shelters r stayed utdrs.(要点2) Despite the favrable weather cnditins, the damaged rads and the high altitude cause great difficulties fr the rescue wrk.(要点3) Luckily, a lt f rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent t Yushu.(要点4)
写作积累
新闻概要的要点一般包括时间、地点、事件、起因、结果和可能的后续活动等。概要的内容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语等均可省略,力求语言简明扼要,要点齐全。
概要写作可以分为三个步骤:要点获取、要点转述和要点衔接。
1.要点获取
通过筛选主题句和寻找关键词找出要点。
(1)筛选主题句
主题句是指能够概括整个段落的关键句。通常情况下段落是由主题句和细节句组成的,段落可以是“总—分”或“分—总”的结构。因此一个段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾。
另外,我们也可以特别关注像s、therefre、thus这样的标志词,这些词后往往是作者对前文的一个总结,很可能就是主题句。
(2)寻找关键词
在实际写作中,我们会发现某些段落并不能直接找出主题句,那么,可以通过找出段落关键词,进而连词成句,得出段落要点。
2.要点转述
可以从下面四个方向进行转述:
(1)同义替换
同义替换指的是用相同意义的单词、短语或者句子代替从原文中找出的要点。
例 在“Scientists frm NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter t travel arund Mars and get infrmatin.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explre Mars代替travel arund Mars and get infrmatin。如此,我们得到要点Scientists frm NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter t explre Mars.
(2)语态转换
语态转换就是把句子在主动语态和被动语态之间进行转换。
例 本单元课文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the cuntryside f nrtheastern asleep as usual that night.”
原要点:Strange things were happening, but peple thught little f them.
语态转换后的要点:Strange things were happening, but they were ignred.
(3)词性改变
在进行要点转述的过程中,由于词汇量或其他原因,可能会遇到某些词很难找到同义词的情况。这时,可以尝试用不同的词性表达相同的意思,如把动词改成名词短语或者把形容词改成名词短语等。
例 Mst students experience a lt f stress while preparing fr exams, as bth their parents and teachers expect them t get high scres.
前半句可以同义转换成Many students are stressed during the exam perid,后半句可以将expect改成expectatin,这样就得到了转换后的要点:Because f the high expectatins frm their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam perid.
(4)句子重构
只有掌握了多种句式,如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词作状语等,并对不同的句式进行灵活转换,才能写出层次清晰、语言简练的内容概要。概要写作在语言表达上也要求“以简为贵”。
例 原要点:The city hsted the event. It has witnessed many imprtant ceremnies in histry.
改写后的要点:The city which has witnessed many imprtant ceremnies in histry hsted the event.
3.要点衔接
注意要点之间的衔接,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文,优先考虑使用较短的衔接词(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefre、yet、hwever等)。