外研版 选必一 Unit 3 第二课时 Using Language学案

这是一份外研版 选必一 Unit 3 第二课时 Using Language学案，共10页。学案主要包含了动名词作主语的基本用法，it做形式主语，动名词的复合结构作主语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Read these sentences tgether and find ut what they have in cmmn（有共同之处）.
● Knwing where the ball wuld g wasn’t easy.
● Shting with great accuracy was anther thing he learnt.
● In this way, practising day in and day ut helped Stephen sharpen his skills.
● Playing basketball was his dream.
都是 ，都在句子中作 .
核心语法精精讲
一、动名词（短语）作主语的基本用法
Seeing is believing.
Fishing is my pleasure.
Cllecting shells is ne f his hbbies.
◆ 动名词的基本形式为v+ing，相当于一个名词，表示经常性或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数。
1. (读书) is her hbby.
2. ______________________ (玩电脑游戏) is a waste f time.
3. (开车开得太快) is dangerus.
4. (打篮球) makes me happy.
5. (旅游) is a gd way t relax.
二、it做形式主语
1. It is wrth seeing the mvie fr anther time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
It is a waste f time playing n the phne t much.
过度玩手机是浪费时间。
◆ it作形式主语，把动名词(真正主语) 放在句尾。
常见的动名词(短语)作主语的句型:
It is a waste f time ding sth. 做某事是______的
It is wrth/wrthwhile ding sth. 做某事是______的
It is n use/gd ding sth 做某事是_____/_____的
【语境运用 】
① It is n use (tell) him the witty wrds, because he never smiles.
② (understand) the cncepts is imprtant when yu learn a new language.
【句子转换】
Trying t escape is n use. → It is n use trying t escape.
Seeing the film is wrthwhile. → It is wrthwhile seeing the film.
三、两个或两个以上的动名词(短语)作主语时，应根据句意判断谓语动词的数。如果指一件事，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指多件事，谓语动词用复数形式。
① Reading and answering the letters frm friends is rewarding.
阅读并回复朋友的来信是有意义的。
② Cllecting stnes and grwing flwers are my father's hbby
收集石头和种花是我父亲的爱好。
【单句语法填空】
① Studying hard and keeping healthy (be)equally imprtant t me.
② Ging t bed early and getting up early (be) a gd habit.
③ Singing and dancing (be) amng her many accmplishments.
四、动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需要使用动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构的构成为”形容词性物主代词/名词所有格十动词-ing形式”。
① Her cming t help encuraged all f us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
② His being late in a rw made ur teacher very angry.他连续迟到,这使我们老师很生气。
【单句语法填空】
① Students 'knwing English well (help)them in learning French.
② His cming t my party (make) me feel very happy.
五、动名词(短语)作主语与动词不定式(短语)作主语的区别
动词不定式(短语)作主语常常表示具体的或一次性的动作；而动名词(短语)作主语则表示一般的泛指的或抽象的动作。
① Singing is my hbby, and t sing n a large stage is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好,在一个大舞台上唱歌是我的梦想。
② Swimming is gd fr us, but t swim n such a cld winter day is nt.游泳对我们有好处,但在这样一个寒冷的冬日游泳没有好处。
【单句语法填空】
① (cmmunicate)n the scial apps is a cmmn phenmenn, and mre and mre peple hardly write letters.
② (study) a freign language at such an ld age is nt easy fr my father.
【Summary】
动名词（短语）作主语的基本用法
动名词的复合结构作主语
动名词（短语）作主语和动词不定式（短语）作主语的区别
动
词
-ing
形
作
主
语
课后训练
一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查）
1. ________ (swim) is a gd way t keep fit.
2. It is n use ________ (cmplain) abut the heavy traffic.
3. ________ (get) up early is a gd habit.
4. Her jb is ________ (lk) after the ld peple in the nursing hme.
5. The best way t relax is ________ (listen) t music.
6. I remember ________ (see) him smewhere befre.
7. Stp ________ (talk) and listen t the teacher carefully.
8. He enjys ________ (read) nvels in his spare time.
9. D yu mind my ________ (pen) the windw?
10. The film is wrth ________ (see) again.
11. I can't imagine ________ (live) withut electricity.
12. She suggested ________ (g) fr a picnic this weekend.
13. He devted himself t ________ (help) the pr.
14. They have sme difficulty in ________ (find) the lst child.
15. It's n gd ________ (smke). It's bad fr yur health.
16. The by was busy ________ (d) his hmewrk when I came in.
17. What abut ________ (g) shpping this afternn?
18. I'm lking frward t ________ (hear) frm yu sn.
19. Wuld yu mind ________ (turn) dwn the radi a little? It's t nisy.
20. ________ (make) friends is an imprtant part f ur life.
二 语篇语法填空（课文改编）
Sarek Natinal Park, 1.______ (lcate) in nrthern Sweden, is a place f wild beauty. Fr hundreds f years, lking after reindeer was a way f life fr the Sami. They used the reindeer's meat fr fd, their bnes fr tls, and their skin fr 2.______ (make) clthes and tents. Since reindeer were always n the mve, the Sami wuld pick up their tents and accmpany them.
Tday, mst Sami have huses in villages near Sarek and live a mdern life just like their neighburs. But every spring, a small number f Sami still fllw their reindeer int the valleys f Sarek, 3.______ (live) in tents r ld cttages and enjying their traditins.
I am nt a Sami, but in Sarek I've adpted sme f their 4.______ (way). I've been walking fr hurs, and nw I'm tired and hungry. I find a flat rck t sit n and take ut my sandwiches. As I eat, I lk ut ver the valley belw. The muntains, 5.______ (cver) in snw, are breathtaking. The sund f the wind 6.______ (blw) thrugh the trees is like a gentle sng.
In Sarek, there are n rads, n cars, n nise. It's just nature in all 7.______ (it) glry. I feel a deep sense f peace and 8.______ (free) here. There are a few reindeer 9.______ (feed) n the grass clse by. They lk s 10.______ (peace) and cntent. I'm grateful fr this chance t experience the beauty f Sarek.
三、翻译句子
1. 跑步对我们的健康有好处。
2. 每天练习说英语很重要。
3. 他喜欢打篮球。
4. 我记得关了窗户。
5. 停止看电视，去做作业。
6. 她建议我们去参观博物馆。
7. 我期待着收到你的来信。
8. 这本书值得再读一遍。
9. 他没有放弃实现梦想的努力。
10. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
11. 他习惯了每天早起。
12. 避免犯同样的错误是很重要的。
13. 我喜欢听音乐，它能让我放松。
14. 她梦想着有一天能成为一名歌手。
15. 吸烟有害健康。
课堂讲练习题参考答案
动词-ing形式；主语；
1. Reading；2. Playing cmputer games；3. Driving t fast；4. Playing basketball
Travelling
浪费时间；值得；无用/ 无益
telling; ② Understanding
① are；② is； ③ were
四、① helps ② makes
五、① Cmmunicating；② T study
课后练习习题参考答案
一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查）
详解：这里考查动名词作主语，“游泳”是一种经常性的行为，所以用swim的动名词形式swimming作主语，故填Swimming。
详解：固定句型It is n use ding sth. 表示“做某事没有用”，所以这里填cmplain的动名词形式cmplaining。
详解：动名词短语作主语，“早起”是一种习惯性动作，get的动名词形式是getting，句首首字母大写，故填Getting。
详解：这里是动名词作表语，说明主语her jb的内容，lk的动名词形式是lking，故填lking。
详解：“放松的最好方式是听音乐”，这里用动词不定式或动名词作表语都可以，listen的动名词形式是listening ，故填listening。
详解：remember ding sth. 表示“记得做过某事”，强调事情已经发生。根据语境“我记得之前在某个地方见过他”，所以填seeing。
详解：stp ding sth. 意为“停止正在做的事情”，这里是让停止说话，认真听老师讲，talk的动名词形式是talking，故填talking。
详解：enjy ding sth. 表示“喜欢做某事”，read的动名词形式是reading，所以填reading。
详解：mind ne's ding sth. 表示“介意某人做某事”，pen的动名词形式是pening，故填pening。
详解：be wrth ding sth. 表示“值得做某事”，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，see的动名词形式是seeing，所以填seeing。
详解：imagine ding sth. 表示“想象做某事”，live的动名词形式是living，故填living。
详解：suggest ding sth. 表示“建议做某事”，g的动名词形式是ging，所以填ging。
详解：devte neself t ding sth. 表示“致力于做某事”，其中t是介词，后接动名词作宾语，help的动名词形式是helping，故填helping。
详解：have difficulty (in) ding sth. 表示“做某事有困难”，find的动名词形式是finding，所以填finding。
详解：It's n gd ding sth. 表示“做某事没有好处”，smke的动名词形式是smking，故填smking。
详解：be busy ding sth. 表示“忙于做某事”，d的动名词形式是ding，所以填ding。
详解：What abut ding sth.? 表示“做某事怎么样？”，用于提出建议，g的动名词形式是ging，故填ging。
详解：lk frward t ding sth. 表示“期待做某事”，其中t是介词，hear的动名词形式是hearing，所以填hearing。
详解：mind ding sth. 表示“介意做某事”，turn的动名词形式是turning，故填turning。
详解：动名词短语作主语，“交朋友”是一种行为，make的动名词形式是making，句首首字母大写，所以填Making。
二 语篇语法填空（课文改编）
【答案】
1. 答案：lcated
详解：be lcated in表示“位于”，此处用过去分词lcated作后置定语，修饰Sarek Natinal Park ，故填lcated。
2. 答案：making
详解：fr是介词，后接动名词作宾语，make的动名词形式是making，故填making。
3. 答案：living
详解：分析句子结构可知，live与句子主语a small number f Sami之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词living作伴随状语 ，故填living。
4. 答案：ways
详解：way是可数名词，sme f后接可数名词复数，way的复数形式是ways，故填ways。
5. 答案：cvered
详解：be cvered in表示“被……覆盖”，此处用过去分词cvered作后置定语，修饰The muntains，故填cvered。
6. 答案：blwing
详解：分析句子可知，此处用现在分词blwing作后置定语，修饰the wind，表主动，故填blwing。
7. 答案：its
详解：修饰名词glry，用形容词性物主代词its，in all its glry表示“尽显其壮丽”，故填its。
8. 答案：freedm
详解：and连接并列的名词，peace是名词，free的名词形式是freedm，故填freedm。
9. 答案：feeding
详解：there be + 名词 + ding sth.是固定结构，表示“有……正在做某事”，reindeer与feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词feeding，故填feeding。
10. 答案：peaceful
详解：lk是系动词，后接形容词作表语，peace的形容词形式是peaceful，故填peaceful。
三、翻译句子
【答案】
1.译文：Running is gd fr ur health.
详解：“跑步”作主语，用动名词running，“对……有好处”用be gd fr 。
2.译文：It's imprtant t practice speaking English every day. / Practicing speaking English every day is imprtant.
详解：可以用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语；也可以直接用动名词短语作主语，“练习做某事”用practice ding sth. 。
3.译文：He likes playing basketball.
详解：“喜欢做某事”用like ding sth. ，“打篮球”用play basketball 。
4.译文：I remember clsing the windw.
详解：“记得做过某事”用remember ding sth. ，“关窗户”用clse the windw 。
5.译文：Stp watching TV and d yur hmewrk.
详解：“停止做某事”用stp ding sth. ，“看电视”用watch TV 。
6.译文：She suggested that we (shuld) visit the museum. / She suggested visiting the museum.
详解：suggest表示“建议”时，后可接that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即(shuld)+动词原形；
也可接动名词作宾语 。
7.译文：I'm lking frward t hearing frm yu.
详解：“期待做某事”用lk frward t ding sth. ，“收到某人来信”用hear frm sb. 。
8.译文：This bk is wrth reading again.
详解：“值得做某事”用be wrth ding sth. ，“再读一遍”用read again 。
9.译文：He didn't give up his effrts t achieve his dream.
详解：“放弃”用give up ，“实现梦想”用achieve ne's dream ，“努力”用effrt，常用复数形式 。
10.译文：Swimming is my favrite sprt.
详解：“游泳”作主语，用动名词swimming ，“最喜欢的运动”用favrite sprt 。
11.译文：He is used t getting up early every day.
详解：“习惯于做某事”用be used t ding sth. ，“早起”用get up early 。
12.译文：It's imprtant t avid making the same mistakes. / Aviding making the same mistakes is imprtant.
详解：可以用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语；也可以直接用动名词短语作主语，“避免做某事”用avid ding sth. 。
13.译文：I like listening t music. It can make me relaxed.
详解：“喜欢做某事”用like ding sth. ，“听音乐”用listen t music ，“使某人放松”用make sb. relaxed 。
14.译文：She dreams f becming a singer ne day.
详解：“梦想做某事”用dream f ding sth. ，“成为一名歌手”用becme a singer 。
15.译文：Smking is harmful t health.
详解：“吸烟”作主语，用动名词smking ，“对……有害”用be harmful t 。