外研版 选必一 Unit 5 第二课时Using Language学案

这是一份外研版 选必一 Unit 5 第二课时Using Language学案，共13页。学案主要包含了归纳拓展，词块积累等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Part I Language Fcus
1 After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct.
乔治死后，平塔岛龟被宣布灭绝。
declare v. 宣布；声明；声称，宣称(→ declaratin n. 宣布；声明)
He declared many f his nvels t be best - sellers.
他宣称他的许多小说是畅销书。(词汇复现)
They declared against the freign plicy f the gvernment.
他们声明反对政府的外交政策。
All the members f the assciatin declared fr the prpsal.
该协会的所有成员都声明赞成这项建议。(词汇复现)
【归纳拓展】
declare...(t be)... 宣布/宣称……
declare war n... 向……宣战
declare fr/against 声明赞成/反对
declare that... 宣布/宣称……
declare independence frm 宣布摆脱……而独立
→ 另：It is declared that... 据宣布

单句语法填空
① Angry residents have declared war _______ the wners f the factry.
② They thught the building f the factry wuld d damage t the envirnment and declared _______ the plan.
③ The mment the girl was declared _______ (be) the winner f the English speech cmpetitin, she jumped with jy.
完成句子
④ The law has cme int effect since its frmal__________ (declare).
⑤ ___________（据宣布）the cmpany will invest heavily in research and develpment.
2 The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝应归咎于人类。
blame v. & n.
(1) v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于
【搭配】
blame sth. n sb. 把某事归咎于某人/某物
blame sb. fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
→ 对比：be t blame (fr sth.) 应承担责任（不用被动）
On n accunt shuld the sldiers be blamed fr what happened.
士兵们绝对不该因所发生的事受到责备。
The ther driver blamed me fr the accident.
= The ther driver blamed the accident n me.
另一名司机把事故归咎于我。
→ 对比：be t blame (fr sth.) 应承担责任（不用被动）
Their cnclusin that Tm is t blame fr the accident is reasnable.
他们关于汤姆应该承担事故责任的结论是合理的。
(2) n.（对错误或坏事应负的）责任
【搭配】
take/accept the blame (fr sth.) 承担（某事的）责任
put/lay place the blame n sb. 把责任归咎于某人
The cmpany was ready t take the blame fr what had happened.
公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
Lts f peple find it hard t get up in the mrning, and put the blame n the alarm clck.
很多人发现早上起床很困难，并把责任归咎于闹钟。
单句语法填空
① Blamed _____ the break - dwn f the schl cmputer netwrk, Alice was in lw spirits.
② The athlete blamed his pr perfrmance ______ the immense pressure he felt during the cmpetitin.
③ Officials believe that mre than ne persn may be t blame ______ the fire.
④ I dn’t want t get invlved in the argument abut wh is __________ (blame).
⑤ N ne was prepared t take the blame _____ the disaster.
完成句子
⑥ She made the mistake but she’s trying t _______________________ (把责任推到我身上).
⑦ He decided t _________________ (为错误承担责任) even thugh it wasn’t entirely his fault.

Pinta Island trtise ppulatin declined.
……平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
decline v. & n.
(1) v. 减少，降低；拒绝，谢绝
【搭配】
decline by... 减少了…… decline t... 减少到……
decline in... 在……方面降低 decline t d sth. 拒绝做某事
The number f turists t the resrt declined by 10% last year.
去年到这个旅游胜地的游客数量减少了 10%。
This sectin f the market has slwly declined in its prfits.
这部分市场的利润已慢慢减少。
n. 减少；下降；衰落
【搭配】
a decline in ... 在……方面的下降
in decline / n the decline 在下降
fall / g int decline 开始衰落

单句语法填空
① The new system may be mre ecnmic but will lead t a decline ____ quality.
② There’s a widely held belief that educatinal standards are ____ the decline.
③ After the war, the city declined _____ imprtance.
④ The minister declined _________ (cmment) n the prgress f the peace talks.
⑤ We ffered t give Sharn a ride hme, but she _______ (decline).
4 Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China.
看看这些原产于中国不同地区的物种的图片。
be native t 源于……的，原产于……
Sme English prverbs are native t Britain. 有些英语谚语原本是英国的。
These bananas are native t Taiwan, China.
这些香蕉原产于中国台湾。
【词块积累】
be a native f 是……本地人，是……本地动物/植物
native language/tngue 本国语，本地语，母语
The kangar is a native f Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚本地的动物。
单句语法填空
① The Kala is native ____ Australia, a cuntry knwn fr its unique wildlife.
完成句子
② He is a native ___ Beijing and is very familiar ____ the city’s histry and culture.
③ (2022·浙江卷) In frnt f me was an army f fds I culdn’t even name _____ (用我的母语).
5 Hwever, diversity n ur planet is such, that there are still millins f species n Earth remaining t be discvered. 然而，我们星球上的多样性是如此之大，地球上还有数百万物种有待发现。
be such that 如此……以至于……这是一个常见的句型。be such that 和 都表示“如此……以至于……”，两种结构中的 that 从句都是结果状语从句。本句中 such = s much。
Her excitement was such that she culd hardly cntain herself.
她激动得无法自已。
He is such a helpful persn that we are all appreciative f his kindness.
他如此乐于助人，我们都很感激他的善意。[词汇复现]
【说明】
当 such 位于句首时，该句型的意义并未发生变化。
Such was his strength that he culd lift the big stne.
他的力气如此大以至于他能把这块大石头举
单句语法填空
The injury was _______ that it wuld take time t recver.
Amazingly, the trees grw in _____ a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree.
完成句子
___________________ （他的反应如此敏捷）that n ne can match him.
_____________________ （灾难如此严重）the lcal authrities were quite unable t cpe with it.
Part II Past perfect
基本用法 1
基本用法 2
基本用法 3
基本用法 4
Part III Pst- exercise
I、阅读理解
Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. William G. Kaelin Jr f the Dana⁃Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe f Oxfrd University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza f Jhns Hpkins University were jintly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses,”Randall Jhnsn,a member f the Nbel Assembly at Sweden’s Karlinska Institute, said.“The three physicians fund the mlecular switch(分子开关) that regulates hw ur cells adapt when xygen levels drp.”
“Cells and tissues are cnstantly experiencing changes in xygen availability,” Jhnsn said. “As an embry(胚胎) grws and develps, and as muscles wrk, the xygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way t adjust t the amunt f xygen they have, while still ding their imprtant jbs.”
The cmmittee said that the discveries are vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.
Kaelin was brn in New Yrk and received his dctrate in medicine frm Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and nclgy at the Jhns Hpkins Hspital, Baltimre, and at the Dana⁃Farber Cancer Institute, Bstn.
Ratcliffe was brn in Lancashire, the United Kingdm, and studied medicine at Gnville and Caius Cllege at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrlgy at Oxfrd. He is the directr f clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in Lndn and a member f the Ludwig Institute fr Cancer Research.
Semenza was brn in New Yrk. He btained a B．A．in bilgy frm Harvard and his M.D．frm the University f Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the directr f the Vascular Research Prgram at the Jhns Hpkins Institute fr Cell Engineering.
1．What can we knw abut the three scientists?
A．They studied different fields.B．They shared ne prize.
C．They researched heart disease.D．They fund the functin f embrys.
2．What did Jhnsn think f the discveries?
A．Imprtant.B．Meaningless.
C．Interesting.D．Disappinting.
3．What d the last three paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A．The three scientists’ achievements.
B．The influence f the discveries.
C．The example set by the three scientists.
D．The intrductin f the three scientists.
II、完形填空
Children mdel themselves largely n their parents. They d s mainly thrugh identificatin. Children identify 4 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 5 f that parent. The things parents d and say---and the 6 they d and say t them--therefre strngly influence a child's 7 Hwever, parents must cnsistently behave like the type f 8 they want their child t becme.
A parent's actins 9 affect the self-image that a child frms 10 identificatin. Children wh see mainly psitive qualities in their 11 will likely learn t see themselves in a psitive way. Children wh bserve chiefly 12 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 13 psitive qualities in themselves. Children may 14 their self-image, hwever, as they becme increasingly 15 by peers grups standards befre they reach 13.
Islated(孤立的) events, 16 dramatic (突然的) nes, d nt necessarily have a permanent 17 n a child's behavir. Children interact such events accrding t their established attitudes and previus training. Children wh knw they are lved can, 18 , accept the divrce f their parents r a parent's early 19 But if children feel unlved, they may interpret such events 20 a sign f rejectin r punishment.
In the same way, all children are nt influenced 21 by tys and games, reading matter, and televisin prgrams. 22 in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins, the 23 f an activity r experience depends n hw the child interprets it.
4．A．tB．withC．arundD．fr
5．A．infrmedB．characteristicC．cnceivedD．indicative
6．A．gestureB．expressinC．wayD．Extent
7．A．behavirB．wrdsC．mdD．reactins
8．A．persnB．humansC．creaturesD．adult
9．A．in turnB．neverthelessC．alsD．as a result
10．A．befreB．besidesC．withD．thrugh
11．A．eyesB．parentsC．peersD．behavirs
12．A．negativeB．cheerfulC．variusD．cmplex
13．A．seeB．seeingC．t seeD．t seeing
14．A．mdifyB．cpyC．give upD．cntinue
15．A．matureB．influencedC．uniqueD．independent
16．A．ntB．besidesC．evenD．finally
17．A．ideaB．wnderC．stampD．effect
18．A．luckilyB．fr exampleC．at mstD．theretically
19．A．deathB．rewardsC．adviceD．teaching
20．A．asB．beingC．fD．Fr
21．A．evenB．at allC．alikeD．as a whle
22．A．EvenB．SinceC．RightD．As
23．A．resultB．effectC．scaleD．cause
III、语法填空
When I was yunger, I thught science wuld make gd things 24 everybdy. Hwever, it represents the 25 (destruct) f peple and it puts ur future at risk smetimes. What is the value f science?
The first value is that 26 (science) knwledge enables us t d and make all kinds f things. Scientific knwledge is 27 enabling pwer t d either gd r bad — but it des nt carry instructins n 28 t apply it. Such pwer 29 (have) bvius value. Anther value is the intellectual enjyment. Thanks t the scientific effrt, we have been led t imagine all 30 (srt) f things mre fantastic than pets and dreamers f the past ever culd. Let’s turn t the third value. The scientist has a lt f experience with 31 (ignre) and dubt and uncertainty, and this experience is f great imprtance. Scientists take 32 fr granted that it is perfectly pssible t live and nt knw.
33 (knw) the great prgress that is the fruit f freedm f thught, scientists have respnsibility t declare the value f this freedm.
课堂练习参考答案
1. ① n ② against ③ t be ④ declaratin ⑤ It is declared that
2. ① fr ② n ③ fr ④ t blame ⑤ fr
⑥ put/lay the blame n me ⑦ take/accept the blame fr the mistake
3. ① in ② in ③ in ④ t cmment ⑤ declined
4. ① t ② f, with ③ in my native language / tngue
① such ② such ③ His reactins are such / Such are his reactins ④ The disaster was such that
课后练习参考答案
I 阅读理解
1．B 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了三位科学家因在细胞对于氧气含量的适应性方面的研究而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“William G. Kaelin Jr f the Dana⁃Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe f Oxfrd University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza f Jhns Hpkins University were jintly awarded the prize.”（达纳法伯癌症研究所和哈佛大学的William G. Kaelin Jr、牛津大学和弗朗西斯克里克研究所的Peter J. Ratcliffe爵士以及约翰霍普金斯大学的Gregg L. Semenza共同获得了该奖。）并根据其重点信息词 jintly可知三位科学家共得同一个奖项。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses”（今年诺贝尔奖得主的有意义的发现显示了生命最具适应性的过程。）并根据重点信息词meaningful可推断出Jhnsn认为这个发现非常重要和有意义的。故选A项。
3．主旨大意题。通过分析最后三段内容，可看到was brn in，，did his specialist training in...，is the directr f...等重复的信息，这些信息主要介绍三位科学家的出生信息、学术背景和现在的工作，所以这三段主要在介绍三位科学家。故选D项。
II 完形填空
4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了父母的言行举止，影响孩子的行为。然而，父母希望他们的孩子成为他们想成为的类型。子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响。
4．考查介词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：当孩子相信自己拥有父母的特质和情感时，他们就会认同父母。A. t向；B. with和；C. arund围绕；D. fr为了。根据本句“Children identify a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings”当孩子相信父母的品质和情感时，孩子们会和父母联系在一起。identify与with连用，意为“把……和……联系起来”。符合句意，故选B。
5．考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. infrmed见多识广的，消息灵通的；B. characteristic特有的，表示特性的；C. cnceived想象，怀孕；D. indicative指示的。文中“have the qualities and feelings”可知，是代表他父母特点的品质和情感。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，父母做的和说的事情——以及父母对探秘做的和说的方式——强烈地影响着孩子的行为。A. gesture手势；B. expressin表情；C. way方式；D. extent范围。根据下文“therefre strngly influence a child's”，可推断是说他们对孩子们做和说的事情和方式都会影响孩子的行为。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. behavir行为；B. wrds语言；C. md心情；D. reactins反应。根据上文“The things parents d and say---and the 3 they d and say t them”，可知是父母的行为方式对孩子的行为影响强烈。符合题意，故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 然而，父母必须始终如一地表现得像他们希望孩子成为的那种人。A. persn人；B. humans人类；C. creatures生物；D. adult成年人。根据下文“they want their child t becme ”和常识，可知父母都会表现出想让他们的孩子成为的那种类型的人。故选A。
9．考查连词和短语词义辨析。句意：父母的行为也会影响孩子通过认同形成的自我形象。A. in turn依次；B. nevertheless然而；C. als也，还；D. as a result结果。前面是说父母的言行会强烈地影响孩子的行为，这里 “A parent's actins affect the self-image”是说父母的言行还影响孩子的自我形象，所以用连词als。故选C。
10．考查介词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. befre在……之前；B. besides除……之外；C. with和，随着；D. thrugh通过，凭借。根据上文“the self-image that a child frms” 可知孩子通过鉴别身份形成自我形象，因此选择thrugh。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在父母身上看到积极品质的孩子很可能学会以积极的方式看待自己。A. eyes眼睛；B. parents父母；C. peers同龄人；D. behavirs行为。根据上文“The things parents d and say---and the 3 they d and say t them--therefre strngly influence a child's 4 ”可知父母的言行影响孩子，所以孩子从父母身上看到的也同样影响孩子，故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些看到父母身上消极品质的孩子们很难在自己身上看到积极的品质。A. negative消极的；B. cheerful高兴的；C. varius各种各样的；D. cmplex复杂的。根据上文“Children wh see mainly psitive qualities in their 8 will likely learn t see themselves in a psitive way.”可知这里说的是反之的情况，可以推测出此处要选psitive的反义词negative。故选A。
13．考查固定用法。句意：同上。 本句考查固定搭配have difficulty (in) ding sth，很难在自己身上看到积极的品质符合句意。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当孩子们在13岁之前越来越受同龄人群体标准的影响时，他们可能会改变自己的自我形象。A. mdify修改，修饰；B. cpy复制；C. give up放弃；D. cntinue持续。由hwever可以看出，这句话的意思是对前面子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响的转折。可知是孩子会改变他们的自我形象。B、C、D意思与题意不符，故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mature成熟的；B. influenced受影响的；C. unique惟一的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“Children may 11 their self-image, hwever”可知是受群体影响会改变自我形象，故选B。
16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：孤立的事件，甚至是戏剧性的事件，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。A. nt不；B. besides此外；C. even甚至；D. finally最后。故选C。根据上文“Islated(孤立的) events”和下文“dramatic(突然的) nes”可知是递进关系，故选C。
17．考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：同上。A. idea想法；B. wnder奇迹；C. stamp邮票；D. effect影响。根据下文“Children interact such events accrding t their established attitudes and previus training.”可知孤立的事件，甚至是戏剧性的事，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响。短语have an effect n“对……产生影响”，符合句意。故选D。
18．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：例如，知道自己被爱的孩子可以接受父母的离婚或父母的早逝。 A. luckily幸运地；B. fr example例如；C. at mst至多；D. theretically理论上。根据上文“Islated(孤立的) events, 13 dramatic (突然的) nes”可知这里的离婚或者早逝都是举例说明，故选fr example。故选B。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. death死亡；B. rewards报答；C. advice建议；D. teaching教学。这里r与连接的两个词都应是意义相似的令人不愉快的事，选项中与divrce相对应的词只有death。故选A。
20．考查介词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：但如果孩子们感到不被爱，他们可能会将这些事件理解为拒绝或惩罚的信号。 A. as作为；B. being是；C. f关于；D. fr为了。短语interpret与as搭配，意为“把……理解为”，符合句意。故选A。
21．考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：同样，玩具、游戏、阅读材料和电视节目对所有孩子的影响也不尽相同。A. even甚至；B. at all根本，简直；C. alike同样地；D. as a whle整体上。根据上文可知孤立事件或者戏剧性事件对不同的孩子是不同的影响，所以可推断即使是同样的玩具、游戏、阅读材料和电视节目对所有孩子的影响也不同，故选C。
22．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：就像家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，一项活动或经历的效果取决于孩子如何理解它。A. Even即使；B. Since自从；C. Right立刻，马上；D. As正如。根据下文“in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins”，可知就像家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，无论是活动或经历都会给孩子带来不同的影响，正如符合题意，故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. result结果；B. effect影响；C. scale刻度；D. cause原因。根据上文“in the case f a dramatic change in family relatins”可知和家庭关系的戏剧性变化一样，都是带来不同的影响，而这种影响取决于孩子怎么理解这个事情。故选B。
III 语法填空
24．fr 25．destructin 26．scientific 27．an 28．hw 29．has 30．srts 31．ignrance 32．it 33．Knwing
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了科学的价值是什么。
24．考查介词。句意：当我年轻的时候，我认为科学会为每个人带来好处。根据句意可知，此处表示“为”，应用介词fr。故填fr。
25．考查名词。句意：然而，它代表着对人的破坏，它有时会把我们的未来置于危险之中。此处作宾语，应用名词destructin，不可数名词。故填destructin。
26．考查形容词。句意：第一个价值是科学知识使我们能够做各种各样的事情。此处修饰名词knwledge，应用形容词scientific“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。
27．考查冠词。句意：科学知识是一种使人有能力行善或作恶的力量——但它并不能指导如何应用它。此处泛指“一种能使人行善或作恶的力量”，应用不定冠词，enabling发音以元音音素开头应用an。故填an。
28．考查疑问副词。句意：科学知识是一种使人有能力行善或作恶的力量——但它并不能指导如何应用它。根据句意可知，此处指“如何应用它”，应用连接副词hw。故用hw。
29．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种力量具有明显的价值。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Such pwer，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
30．考查名词复数。句意：由于科学的努力，我们已经被引导去想象各种比过去的诗人和梦想家所能想象的更奇妙的事情。srt表示“种类,类别”时为可数名词，由all 修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填srts。
31．考查名词。句意：科学家对于无知、怀疑和不确定有着丰富的经验，而这种经验是非常重要的。根据空前介词with和空后的and dubt and uncertainty可知，此处使用名词ignrance“无知”，为不可数名词。故填ignrance。
32．考查it作形式宾语。句意：科学家想当然地认为，生活而无知是完全可能的。固定句型take it fr granted that...“认为……理所当然”，it为形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：认识到思想自由所带来的巨大进步，科学家就有责任宣扬这种自由的价值。动词knw与其逻辑主语scientists之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填Knwing。
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
B
A
D
B
B
C
A
A
C
D
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
A
B
A
B
C
D
B
A
A
题号
21
22
23







答案
C
D
B