人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world课后作业题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world课后作业题，共14页。试卷主要包含了bne n，shell n，symbl n，dynasty n，dialect n，tngue n，semester n等内容，欢迎下载使用。

必备知识
核心词汇：
1．bne n．骨头；骨(质)
2．shell n．壳；壳状物
3．symbl n．符号；象征
4．carve vt.& vi.雕刻
5．dynasty n．王朝；朝代
6．dialect n．地方话；方言
7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
8．tngue n．舌头；语言
9．semester n．学期
核心语法： 定语从句
语篇： 说明文
表达：熟悉说明文语篇的特点和组织结构，能够就英语学习问题和方法运用跟主题意义有关的词汇和句式表达自己的看法和观点。
关键能力
正确认识英语学习的意义，主动调整对待英语学习的态度，能够积极探寻克服英语学习困难的方法和途径，对相关主题意义的文章进行泛读练习，语言表达上能正确运用跟主题有关的词汇和句式描述学习语言的经历和心得。
学科素养
1. 认识汉字的悠久历史和汉语在国际交流中日益增强的地位，理解学习英语过程中会遇到的各项困难；
2. 在获取整合关于汉字历史发展的信息过程中理解说明文语篇的特点以及组织结构；
3. 对英语和汉字的共性和差异进行对比分析，结合自己对英汉两种语言异同的理解，推荐汉语学习的方法，提升文化自信；
4. 运用本单元所学的词汇和语法来谈论汉字的发展历史及其重要性，推荐进汉语学习的方法, 描述关于语言学习的重要性、困难、经历、学习策略方面；
5. 找到适合自己的语言学习的方法，并尝试使用各种不同的学习策略，逐步形成适合自已的学习方法，发展自我学习能力。
核心价值
能够通过观察语言和文化的发展，客观分析、辩证思考事物发展的因果关系，形成发散思维。
单元主题导入
引言解读
Language is the imag e and reflectin f thught.
释义: 语言是思想的图像和和反映。
启示:语言是表达思想的一种方法。
主题语篇探究
单元主题探究
在“人与自我”的主题下,本单元主题围绕语言发展和语言学习展开，内容涉及联合国的工作语言、汉字的发展、英式英语和美式英语的主要区别、英语学习中遇到的困难和解决这些困难的建议等。要求学生在本单元学习中要具有国际视野，同时还能从国家和自身发展的需要出发，了解语言学习的重要性，即课标里要求的语言意识，了解汉字对我国文化传承和发展的积极意义，以及深度思考英语学习的策略和方法。
题源研读拓展
语篇拓展阅读
Passage 1
This year I am living abrad in Germany and trying t learn as much German as pssible. But ne thing I didn’t realize was hw many new wrds I wuld face every day. I see and hear new wrds everywhere: the ntices in the train statin; menus in restaurants; the lcal newspaper and f curse frm my German-speaking friends. New wrds are all arund yu when yu are in a freign cuntry.
At first, a lt f German wrds I didn’t understand gave me a headache. I kept n lking up new, wrds but by the end f the day I had frgtten mst f them already. It upset me. A mnth later, I went t a shp and bught a small ntebk. I set myself the gal f writing five new wrds a day int my little blue ntebk. Since then, in my bag, I have always carried an imprtant thing — my little blue wrd ntebk.
I dn’t have any rules abut which wrds I write dwn. Mst days I write dwn wrds that I learn frm my partners at wrk, r wrds that I have read. I have als learned the names f many fruits and vegetables frm lking at their labels (标签) in the supermarket — a very unexpected way f learning wrds. And I have learned many wrds that I have heard n TV r n the radi. If I hear a wrd that I even dn’t knw hw t spell, I write dwn hw I think it is and lk it up later.
My little blue wrd ntebk is nw like my clsest friend. We are like Batman and Rbin; we g everywhere tgether. Setting the small daily gal has made me feel much mre in cntrl f my language learning and I am already seeing an imprvement. I will cntinue t use it fr the rest f my stay in Germany and als when I return t university at hme in September.
9．What didn’t the writer expect befre living in Germany?
A．He wuld get lst at the train statin.
B．There wuld be s many new wrds fr him.
C．The restaurants wuld serve strange fd.
D．He wuld meet peple frm different cuntries.
10．Why did the writer buy a small ntebk?
A．T write dwn the wrds he desn’t knw.
B．T shw t thers hw hard he studies.
C．T keep a diary f what happens t him.
D．T take ntes f what is taught in class.
11．What d we knw abut the writer frm the passage?
A．He has sme rules abut the wrds written dwn.
B．He ften ges t the supermarket t learn German.
C．He lks up new wrds as he writes them dwn.
D．He’ll keep using the wrd ntebk in the future.
12．Which f the fllwing will the writer prbably agree with?
A．Rme wasn’t built in a day.B．Actins speak luder than wrds.
C．It is never t ld t learn.D．He that climbs high falls heavily.
Passage 2
A great many studies have been cnducted t distinguish between babies learning their first language and children r adults learning a secnd language.
A baby’s brain cmes int the wrld prepared t learn any human language they hear spken arund them. The brain gets the same stimulatin(刺激)frm expsure t any language, althugh it adapts t certain features f the language such as specific sunds. Learning a language is natural fr all babies, like learning t walk.
In fact, babies can even acquire tw r mre languages tgether, if they hear them regularly. The languages can be similar, like Prtuguese and Spanish, r very different, like English and Chinese. Their bilingual(双语的)brains already understand smething abut the ways that languages can be different.
But scientists fund that changes exist if peple already speak a language and are learning a secnd ne. A language that is very different t the ne they already knw is ging t seem harder than the ne that’s quite similar t their first language.
Fr example, if yur first language is English, Spanish wrds like león fr “lin” r sal fr “salt” are ging t be easier t learn than, say, Chinese shīzi and yán, r Turkish aslan and tuz. T make English wrds plural(复数), yu usually add-s r-es, and the same is true in Spanish, s “lins” is lenes. But in Turkish “lins” is aslanlar, and in Chinese there’s n difference between “lin” and “lins” at all. It’s mainly the difference frm yur first language that can make anther language “easier” r “harder”, nt the language itself.
Scientists used t think that there was a cutff pint, at arund the age f 12 r 13, after which it was impssible t learn a new language cmpletely. We nw knw that yung peple can learn anther language thrughut their teen years. After that, it des becme harder — but nt impssible — t reach high levels f fluency in a new language.
13．Why can babies acquire different languages accrding t the text?
A．They receive mre stimulatin.B．They can make specific sunds.
C．They have well-develped brains.D．They are natural language learners.
14．What is the purpse f giving examples in Paragraph 5?
A．T aruse interest.B．T make predictins.
C．T shw the diversity.D．T explain the finding.
15．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Adults can learn a new language easily.
B．Teenagers can nt reach high levels f fluency.
C．Languages shuld be learned at a yunger age.
D．The cutff pint makes n difference in language study.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Benefits f acquiring languages.B．Learning difficulties in language.
C．Age influence n language learning.D．Differences between children and adults.
Passage 3
A few weeks ag, smene psted a pht n my small twn’s cmmunity webpage. It was f the cnstructin site f ur new child-care facility, lcated at the elementary schl. Crews had just finished fixing a very large, permanent sign. In all capital letters, it read: EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING CENTER.
My cheeks heated. Althugh I rarely pst, my fingers itched. I had t cmment. “Lks great,” I wrte, “but it’s spelled American! It shuld be centre’.”
Abut 15 years ag in Calgary, my tw children started attending a brand-new elementary schl. The dr plate n the cunsellr’s rm read, “cunselr”. I frwned (皱眉) every time I passed by. At the same schl, my kindergarten-age daughter was sent hme with a list f wrds t learn, with at least ne wrd incrrect. I crrected the teacher. I didn’t bther crrecting the “cunselr”. But as a daily defender f Canadianisms, inaccuracies like these scream ut t me. Wrse, they feel like a punch t the gut — especially when they’re huge and can be clearly read frm blcks away. We’re practically American as it is. If we prudly annunce new “centers”, will ur uniqueness cntinue t fade?
Languages are living things, always changing with the times. That is why educatinal settings must be careful — including a child-care facility being built by the schl district itself. A habit set in childhd is a habit set fr life. My wn daughter, as she was abut t graduate frm high schl, wrte an essay using “practice” as a verb. I tried t persuade her t change it t “practise”. She refused. She said that spelling it like that wuld best range.
That’s the pint. If becming Americanized makes us “nrmal”, I’m all fr being strange. S whever rdered the sign, please ask a wrker t remve the final “e” and “r” and flip them the ther way arund. The effrt wuld be slight but the impact wuld be grand.
17．Why did the authr pst cmments abut the schl sign?
A．It was put in a wrng place.B．The wrds culdn’t be read clearly.
C．Americans were cnfused by the wrds.D．It used the American spelling fr ne wrd.
18．What can we learn frm the third paragraph abut the authr?
A．She liked English as an American Canadian.
B．She attached great imprtance t educatin.
C．She tried t keep Canadian English unique.
D．She hated crrecting American spellings f wrds.
19．What des the authr think educatinal settings shuld be careful abut?
A．Teaching the different spellings f wrds.
B．Making changes with the times in teaching.
C．Develping students’ habit f writing crrectly.
D．Requiring students t knw abut living languages.
20．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A trend fr American English.B．A defence f Canadian spelling.
C．Away t change Canadian English.D．A struggle t use English crrectly.
教材语篇研读
I. 教材语篇梳理
II. 课文语法填空
China is 1.______ (wide)knwn fr its ancient civilisatin and Chinese writing system has helped it cntinue all the way thrugh int mdern times.
Written Chinese 2.______ (date)back several thusand years t lnggu. Symbls 3.______ (carve)n animal bnes and shells at that time.
By the Shang Dynasty, these 4.______(symbl)had becme a well－develped writing system.Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry 5.______the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin.That writing system was 6.______ great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.
Written Chinese helps peple in mdern times read the classic wrks 7.______(write)by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the 8.______(develp)f Chinese characters as an art frm which has becme 9.______ imprtant part f Chinese culture：Chinese calligraphy.
Tday, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate China's culture and histry thrugh this 10.______(amaze)language.
教考衔接演练
Passage 1
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·全国·高考真题）Hw t learn a new language as an adult
Learning a new language can be a tugh challenge at any age. Hwever, it seems t be exceptinally difficult t get the hang f a freign tngue as we age. 1 Yet, yu can still master a freign tngue as an adult with these tips:
It’s abut cnnectin.
It’s imprtant t remember that learning a language is nt really abut learning a language. 2 Try t cnnect with peple yu may knw by sharing yur experience, r listen t pdcasts and music in yur target language, r read abut the cuntry’s histry.
3
Watching TV shws in anther language is an excellent way t get used t hearing a freign tngue spken in real-time. 4 TV shws, films, pdcasts and even vide games are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Nt nly will these frms f entertainment lend added cultural and reginal insights, but they’ll help yu have fun while ding it.
Patience is key.
While yu are learning, be patient with yurself. Learn t lve yur prgress and celebrate yur successes. Did yu knw the wrd “pian” means “pian”, “slw” and “quiet” in Italian? Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be s beautiful and rewarding. 5 .
A．Make it fun.
B．Listen t it spken frequently.
C．Anything entertaining that expses yu t the language is great.
D．What yu’ re actually learning is t cmmunicate in a new way with thers
E．It is cntradictry t the ppular belief: an adult can acquire a new language easily.
F．Drive slw s that yu will be rewarded the amazing view alng the hard rad t fluency.
G．This is because human brains becme less prficient in prcessing new infrmatin abut language learning.
Passage2
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a questining lk. Behind it, the persn is trying t figure ut wh exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right befre the 11 (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and 12 (cnfidence) speaking English. And wh d they speak English 13 ?
Nt the pandas, even thugh 14 language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English. They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t 15 (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China. They als need t be ready t give 16 (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is 17 they need an English trainer.
S, what are they learning? 18 (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life. It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp 19 t see the pandas settle int their new hme. As a little girl, I 20 (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I’m living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
Passage 3
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）Pasta and pizza were n everyne’s lunch menu in my native land f Italy. Everyne wh had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spke Italian. A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. The fd chices were almst as diverse as the students. In frnt f me was an array f fds I culdn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I wuld pick ut smething awful, I desperately tried t ask the by ahead f me fr a recmmendatin. Unfrtunately, between us std the barrier f language.
Althugh my kindergarten experience feels like a century ag, the lessns I learned will stick in my mind frever. Fr the past three summers, I have wrked in a gvernment agency in New Yrk. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flded ur ffice seeking help. I ften had t be an interpreter fr the Italian-speaking nes. As I served the rle f vital cmmunicatin link, I was reminded f my desperate struggle t cnverse befre I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried t hld a cnversatin in Italian with peple wh did nt speak the language. It suddenly became very clear t me hw lucky I was t be fluent in tw languages.
In New Yrk, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance t wrk with a diverse ppulatin. In my English t Italian translatins, I’ve learned abut scial prgrams that I didn’t knw existed. This wrk expanded my mind in ways that are impssible inside the fur walls f a classrm. Walking thrugh the streets f Brklyn tday, I am n lnger cnfused by this city’s sunds and smells. Instead, enjy its diversity.
21．What did the authr realize after entering schl in Brklyn?
A．Time passed quickly.B．English was hard t learn.
C．The fd was terrible.D．Peple were very different.
22．Wh des “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．An Italian teacher.B．A gvernment fficial.
C．The authr herself.D．The authr’s classmate.
23．Hw did the summer jb benefit the authr?
A．It strengthened her lve fr schl.B．It helped sharpen her sense f directin.
C．It pened her eyes t the real wrld.D．It made her childhd dream cme true.名言名句积累
1、辞达则止，不贵多言。
Speech is nt expensive.
2、人的寂寞，有时候很难用语言表达。
Peple's lneliness is smetimes difficult t express in wrds.
3、当事实摆在眼前的时候，说话和辩论都是多余的。
Speech and debate are superfluus when facts are in frnt f us.
4、明确的语言取决于明确的思想。
Clear language depends n clear thinking.
5、语言就是一架展延机，永远拉长感情。
Language is an extensin machine,which can always lengthen feelings.
6、深奥的思想是用凝练的语言来表达的的。
Deep thughts are expressed in cndensed language.
7、语言是科学的唯一工具，词汇只是思想的符号。
Language is the nly tl f sciencevcabulary is nly the symbl f thught.
8、语言属于一个时代，思想属于许多时代。
Language belngs t an era and thught belngs t many times.
9、眼神里的语言世界任何地方的人都能理解。
The language wrld in the eyes can be understd by peple everywhere.
10、没有任何语言，也无法触及。
N language, n access.
语篇品读
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM：CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely knwn fr its ancient civilisatin which has cntinued all the way thrugh int mdern times, despite the many ups and dwns in its histry．There are many reasns why this has been pssible， but ne f the main factrs has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture－based language.It dates back several thusand years t the use f lnggu—animal bnes and shells n which symbls were carved by ancient Chinese peple．Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in tday’s hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (arund 1600－1046 BCE), these symbls had becme a well－develped writing system.Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were divided gegraphically， leading t many varieties f dialects and characters．This, hwever, changed under Emperr Qinshihuang f the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE)．
Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin．That writing system was f great imprtance in uniting the Chinese peple and culture.Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak， they can all still cmmunicate in writing.
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which China’s present is cnnected with its past．Peple in mdern times can read the classic wrks which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters as an art frm, knwn as Chinese calligraphy, which has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture．
Tday, the Chinese writing system is still an imprtant part f Chinese culture.As China plays a greater rle in glbal affairs， an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
全文翻译
汉语的书写系统:连接过去和现在
中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上经历了许多起伏，但它一直延续到现代。这是可能的原因有很多，但一个主要因素是中国的文字系统。
起初，书面语是一种以图画为基础的语言。它可以追溯到几千年前，古人使用龙骨-动物的骨头和贝壳，上面刻有符号。一些古代的符号在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到。
到商朝(约公元前1600-1046年)，这些符号已经成为一种发达的书写系统。随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多种类的方言和汉字。然而，在秦始皇时期(公元前221-207年)，这种情况发生了变化。
秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。这种文字系统在团结中国人民和文化方面非常重要。即使在今天，无论中国人生活在哪里，说什么方言，他们都能用文字交流。
书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。对中国书写系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中看出，被称为中国书法，它已成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
今天，汉字仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。
词块积累
1. civilisatin n. 文明
2. factr n.因素
3. character n. 特征
4. ups and dwns 起起伏伏
5. symbl n. 象征
语篇品读
httpsuww, wikihw. cm（高考题源报刊）
Online, English has becme a cmmn language fr users frm arund the wrld. In the prcess, the language itself is changing. There are nw thught t be sme 4.5 billin web pages wrldwide. Sme language experts predict that within 10 years English will ccupy the internet — but in frms very different t what we accept and recgnize as English tday.
That’s because peple wh speak English as a secnd language already utnumber native speakers. And increasingly, they use it t cmmunicate with ther nn-native speakers, particularly n the internet where less attentin is paid t grammar and spelling and users dn’t have t wrry abut their accent (口音).
Users f Facebk already scialize in a number f different “Englishes” including Indian English, Spanish English and Krean English. While these different styles have lng existed within their cultures, they’re nw expanding and cming nline. Technlgy cmpanies are intrducing newly-develped English wrds with prducts aimed at enabling users t add wrds that are nt already in the English dictinary. And mst large cmpanies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a cmmn language — English — t reach glbal custmers.
The increasing ppularity f the internet allws mre languages t develp quickly. “Mst peple actually speak several languages — it’s less cmmn t nly speak ne,” says Mr. Munr. “English has taken its place as the wrld’s cmmn language, but it’s nt pushing ut ther languages.” Instead, ther languages are pushing their way int English, and in the prcess creating smething new.
全文翻译
在网上，英语已经成为世界各地用户的通用语言。在这个过程中，语言本身也在发生变化。现在全世界大约有45亿个网页。一些语言专家预测，在10年内，英语将占据互联网——但形式与我们今天接受和认
可的英语非常不同。这是因为以英语为第二语言的人数已经超过了以英语为母语的人数。而且，他们越来越多地用英语与其他非母语人士交流，尤其是在互联网上，人们对语法和拼写的关注较少，用户也不必担心他们的口音。
Facebk的用户已经可以使用多种不同的“英语”进行社交，包括印度英语、西班牙英语和韩国英语。虽然这些不同的风格长期存在于他们的文化中，但它们现在正在扩展并出现在网上。科技公司正在推出新开发的英语单词和产品，目的是让用户能够添加英语词典中没有的单词。大多数大公司都有英文网站，而
较小的企业正在学习他们需要一种通用语言——
英语——来接触全球客户。
互联网的日益普及使得更多的语言得以快速发展。“大多数人实际上会说好几种语言——只说一种语言的人比较少，”门罗先生说。“英语已经成为世界通用语言，但它并没有排挤其他语言。”相反，其他语言正在挤入英语，并在这个过程中创造出新的东西。
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讲述了自己在德国生活和学习，每天都要面对大量的生词所带来的挑战。
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文章讲述了婴儿与处于其他人生阶段的人们学习语言的差异。
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作者为了保护加拿大英语拼写不被美式英语拼写同化而做出的努力。
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THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE
What is the text type f the passage?
Main idea f each paragraph
Paragraph 1:
Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3:
Paragraph 4:
Paragraph 5:
Paragraph 6:
Main idea f the text
The text is abut :
阅读微技能
1. Skim 略读
Yu can find main ideas by first taking a quick lk at the title, picture(s), key wrds and phrases, and tpic sentences.
2. Find the tpic sentence 找主题句
The tpic sentence is nrmally, but nt always, the first sentence f a paragraph. It gives the main idea f the paragraph.
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作为一个成年人，如何学习一门新的语言。
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主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。
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作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
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