人教版高中英语选择性必修一全册知识点总结

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人教版高中英语选择性必修一全册知识点总结（学生版）Unit1 People of AchievementⅠ.阅读单词1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能2．artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素3．malaria n．疟疾4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出5．wormwood n．蒿；洋艾6．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据7．penicillin n．青霉素8．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划9．flow chart流程图10．numerous adj.众多的；许多的11．theory n．理论；学说12．relativity n．相对论；相对性13．formula n．公式；方程式；配方14．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的15．doctorate n．博士学位16．photoelectric adj.光电的17．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗18．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑19．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭20．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质21．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器Ⅱ.重点单词1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的4．property n．性质；特征；财产5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢9．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地13．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况15．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动16．infer vt.推断；推定17．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋18．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的19．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地20．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇21．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤22．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的23．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和24．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟Ⅲ.拓展单词1．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的3．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学4．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估5．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别6．analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家8．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出9．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人11．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的12．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地13．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的14．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n．专业人士Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．sacrifice /'sækrIfaIs/ n．& vt.牺牲；献出2．shatter /'ʃætə(r)/ vi.& vt.(使)破碎；(使)碎裂3．detour /'diːtʊə(r)/ n．绕行的路；兜圈子 vi.& vt.(使)绕道；(使)绕行4．pause /pɔːz/ vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间5．sway /sweI/ vi.& vt.(使)摇摆；(使)摇动 n．摇摆；摆动6．spray /spreI/ vt.& vi.向……扫射(或抛洒)；喷洒 n．浪花；水花；飞沫7．crawl /krɔːl/ vi.爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢行进8．tear up(猛地)拔起；撕毁或撕碎(文件等)9．hop /hɒp/ vi.快速行走；单脚跳行10．vacant /'veIkənt/ adj.空着的；未被占用的Ⅴ.背核心短语1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insist on坚决要求3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台5．take up a position担任；任职6．sum up总结；概括7．lead to导致8．graduate from毕业于……9．with the objective of目的是……10．manage to do sth设法做成某事Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people.(过去分词作前置定语)青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。2．After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.(介词＋doing)经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine...”(upon doing...)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(it作形式主语)中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。5．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略)工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)(1)With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is ____________ to working hard every day and I firmly believe that her ____________ will pay off one day.(commit)(2)He was so selfless that he committed himself to ______(do) voluntary work to help people in need all the time.(3)我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这一定会对你的英语口语有益。I strongly suggested that ________________________________________________，which will be undoubtedly beneficial to your oral English. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；收件复函)(1)Tom acknowledged ____________________________________(defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.(2)To my disappointment，I haven’t received any ________________________(acknowledge) or reply to my application.(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信)____________________________________，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(4)孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023•全国甲，书面表达)①Confucius ________________________ one of the greatest ancient educators in China.②________________________________ Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in China. insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求(1)As a consequence of some solid evidence，the police officer insisted that the lady ____________________(disobey) the traffic rules.(2)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西，你才能够尽快掌握汉语。①You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you ______________________.(insist on)②________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(3)老师坚决要求我们充分利用每一分钟为高考做好准备。The teacher insists that ________________________________________________ to get well prepared for the college entrance examination. conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)(1)The famous novelist concluded his speech ____________ a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”(2)总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(2023·全国甲，书面表达)____________，Confucius was a remarkable historical figure whose teachings have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society.(3)我根据自己的经验得出的结论：不劳则无获。I ________________________________________________ that no pain，no gain. circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况(1)这可能不是最好的设备，但它是我们在这种情况下能采用的最好的一种。It might not be the best device，but it was the best one we can adopt ________________________.(2)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。_______________________________ the objective of founding a company.________________，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. consequence n．结果，后果(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv.因此)(1)He finally obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology ____________ a consequence of genius as well as the novel theory he has put forward.(2)既然你已经是成年人了，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。Now that you have grown up，________________________________________________.(3)他几个星期来一直在努力学习，因此，他在期末考试中取得了很大的进步。He has been committed to his study for weeks and ____________________________________，he makes great progress in the final examination. upon doing... 　Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”(1)Hardly had he heard the conclusion ____________ he boiled with anger.→____________________________________ he boiled with anger.(no sooner...than...)(2)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即忙着通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)__________________________________________，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)(3)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)________________________________________________________________________，I sighed in relief. it作形式主语 　It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。(1)我很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)________________________________________________________________________ share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(2)Apparently，we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most.(2022·全国乙，书面表达)→________________________ we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most.(it作形式主语)(3)听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。了解中国的餐桌礼仪是有必要的。(话题写作之传统文化)I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family._________________________ ___________________________(It is＋adj.＋that...)(4)我们都知道良好的开端是成功的一半。欢迎你尽快加入我们。________________________________________________Welcome your participating in us as soon as possible.Unit2Looking into the futureⅠ.阅读单词1．knob n．旋钮；球形把手2．appliance n．电器；器具3．remote control遥控器；遥控4．air conditioner空调机；空调设备5．integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的6．integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体7．sensor n．传感器；敏感元件8．mode n．模式；方式；风格9．cancer n．癌；癌症；毒瘤10．electrical adj.电的；用电的11．wiring n．电线线路；线路系统12．wire n．电线；金属丝(或线) vt.接通电源；将……连接到13．innovation n．创新；创造14．nanobot n．纳米机器人15．clone vt.克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制 n．克隆动物(或植物)16．cease vi.& vt.(使)停止；终止17．deceased adj.已死的；亡故的18．rural adj.乡村的；农村的19．signpost n．路标Ⅱ.重点单词1．phrase n．短语；词组2．switch vt.转换；交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变；转变 n．开关；转换器；改变3．remote adj.远程的；偏远的4．routine n．常规；正常顺序 adj.常规的；日常的5．daily routine日常生活6．instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的7．command n．指令；命令；控制 vt.命令；控制8．constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的 n．常数；常量9．leak vi.& vt.漏；渗漏；透露 n．漏洞；裂缝；透露10．available adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的11．nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而12．structure n．结构；体系 vt.系统安排；精心组织13．artificial adj.人工的；人造的；假的14．artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能15．forecast vt.& n．预测；预报16．hence adv.因此；由此17．advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者18．career n．职业；事业19．prospect n．可能性；前景20．paragraph n．段；段落21．essay n．文章Ⅲ.拓展单词1．persuade vt.劝说；说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n．说服；劝说2．distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distance n．距离3．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt.获得；拴牢；保护→security n．安全工作；保护措施4．automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地5．efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n．效率；效能6．preference n．爱好；偏爱→prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿7．obey vi.& vt.服从；遵守→disobey vi.& vt.不服从；违反8．warning n．警告；警示；先兆→warn vt.警告9．abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的→normal adj.正常的10．critical adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的→critic n．评论家→criticize vt.批评；评论→critically adv.批判性地11．potential adj.可能的；潜在的 n．潜力；可能性→potentially adv.潜在地；可能地12．detect vt.发现；查明→detective n．侦探13．relevant adj.有关的；有意义的→irrelevant adj.不相关的→relevantly adv.相关地；贴切地14．fantasy n．幻想；想象→fantastic adj.极好的15．crime n．犯罪活动；不法行为→criminal n．罪犯；犯人 adj.刑事的；犯罪的16．combine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合→combination n．结合；联合17．predict vt.预测；预言；预料→prediction n．预测；预言18．occupation n．职业；占领→occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于(做某事)→occupied adj.被占领的；使用中；忙于19．oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠→opposed adj.反对的→opposite adj.对面的；相反的→opposition n．反对20．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的21．emphasis n．强调；重视；重要性→emphasize vt.强调22．luxury n．奢华→luxurious adj.奢侈的23．resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistance n．抵制；反对；抗拒→resistant adj.反抗的；抵制的24．accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．精确性25．librarian n．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→library n．图书馆Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．yell /jel/ vi.& vt.叫喊；大喊 n．喊叫；叫嚷2．in challenge to质询；质疑3．casually /'kæʒuəli/ adv.漫不经心地；随随便便地→casual /'kæʒuəl/ adj.不经意的；漫不经心的4．slip away溜走；消失；消亡5．foster /'fɒstə(r)/ vt.促进；助长；培养6．indifference /In'dIfrəns/ n．漠不关心；冷淡；不感兴趣；无动于衷7．coordinate /kəʊ'ɔːdIneIt/ vt.使协调；使相配合8．tragically /'trædʒIkli/ adv.悲惨地；可悲地→tragical /'trædʒIkl/ adj.悲剧的；可悲的9．horror /'hɒrə(r)/ n．震惊；恐惧10．accomplishment /ə'kʌmplIʃmənt/ n．成就；成绩→accomplish /ə'kʌmplIʃ/ vt.完成Ⅴ.背核心短语1．switch off/on关/开(电灯、机器等)2．early on在初期；早先3．catch fire着火4．in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲5．keep in touch (with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)6．think about考虑7．be ready for...为……做好准备8．respond to对……作出反应9．in addition另外Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．These smart homes will keep us secure，save us energy，and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.(keep＋宾语＋宾补)这样的智能家居将保障我们的安全，节省我们的能源，为我们提供一个更为舒适的居住环境。2．Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.(It will take＋时间段＋before...)然而，要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。3．They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century，and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future.(将来进行时)自十八世纪以来，他们基本上过着农夫的生活，而且在遥远的将来，他们的生活方式可能依然如此。4．It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large，polluted cities.(since引导原因状语从句)甚至有人认为，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更高，因为他们生活在自然的环境中，怡然自得，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。5．It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier，as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.(as引导原因状语从句)它(互联网)还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会，因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 persuade vt.劝说；说服(persuasive adj.有说服力的 persuasion n．说服；劝说)(1)The librarian’s ____________ was so ____________ that I was ____________ into advocating his innovation.(persuade) (2)我成功说服大卫不要放弃越野赛之后，欣慰地笑了。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Successfully ________________________ the cross-country race，I smiled with relief.(3)我非常紧张，犹豫不决地敲了敲老人的门，试图说服他买我的报纸。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)Having butterflies in my heart，I hesitantly knocked on the old man’s door and ________________________________________________. command vt.命令；控制 n．指令；命令；掌握；控制(1)I’m ____________ your command and hence，I will obey your orders.(2)My teacher commanded me ____________(hand) in my essay instantly.→My teacher commanded that I ________________(hand) in my essay instantly.(3)我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流。(应用文写作之申请信)I am writing to apply to be your teaching assistant，because not only ________________________________________________ but also I am good at communicating with others. combine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合(combination n．结合；联合；组合)(1)The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine ____________(combine) with modern cooking methods.(2023·全国甲)(2)只有把经常锻炼和健康饮食结合起来，我们才能真正保持健康。________________________________________________ can we really keep fit.(3)美丽的风景，再加上宜人的天气和美味的食物，使我们的青岛之旅愉快而难忘。The beautiful scenery，____________________________________________ lovely weather and delicious food，made our visit to Qingdao pleasant and unforgettable. oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠(opposed adj.反对的；对立的 opposite adj.对面的；相反的 opposition n．反对)(1)Regardless of my father’s ________________(oppose)，I still purchased many luxuries.(2)对于即将到来的口语练习课的分组，大多数学生反对随机分组。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions，a majority of students ____________________________________________________________. absence n．缺席；不在(某处)；[U]缺乏；不存在(absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的)(1)____________ the absence of teachers’ instruction，I don’t know how to combine what I’ve learnt with practice.(2)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)________________________________________________________________________ your birthday party last weekend.(3)这就是我的妈妈，她有时会健忘，然而总是充满爱心。(读后续写之升华句)Such is my mother，who ________________________________________________________，yet always loving. in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲(1)即使这些文章有道理，对小孩子来说也很难理解。Even if these essays ______________，they are really difficult for young children to ______________.(2)他太固执了，试图说服他接受我们的想法是毫无意义的。So stubborn is he that ____________________________________________________________.(3)We should in no sense cease pursuing our dreams even if we face many difficulties.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(4)从某种意义上说，海洋像我们亲爱的母亲，因此，我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感，保护我们的海洋免受伤害。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)________________，oceans are like our beloved mother，so I advocate that we should ____________________________________ to preserve our oceans from being hurt. keep in touch (with)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)自从我们十年前取得联系，我们已经保持联系十年了。我真的相信我们再也不会失去联系了。We ____________________________ each other for ten years since we ________________________ ten years ago.I do believe that we will never ________________________ each other. It will take＋时间段＋before... 　Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而，要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。(1)十天后你们就要参加期末考试了，你们一定要劳逸结合。________________________ you take the end-of-term examinations and you must combine hard work with a good rest.(2)没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了，她的心揪成一团。但是她不断地安慰自己：“用不了多久，我的丈夫就会找到我。”(读后续写之紧张心理描写)________________________________________________________________________，and she had knots in her stomach.But she constantly comforted herself，“_________________________________________________.”(3)时光飞逝！我们毕业后分别已经20年了。How time flies！_______________________________________________________________ as引导的状语从句 　It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier，as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.它(互联网)还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会，因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思①As time went by，the librarian grew increasingly interested in her occupation.____________②Child as he is，he has a good command of English.____________③I oppose you continuing with the training，as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.____________(2)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)____________________________________，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.(运用倒装句)Unit3Fascinating ParksⅠ.阅读单词1．buffet vt.连续猛击；打来打去 n．自助餐2．edge n．边；边缘；边线；刀刃 vt.& vi.(使)徐徐移动；给……加边3．vast adj.辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的4．glacier n．冰川5．reindeer n．驯鹿6．territory n．领土；版图；领域；地盘7．boundary n．边界；界限；分界线8．cottage n．小屋；(尤指)村舍；小别墅9．teapot n．茶壶10．label vt.用标签标明；贴标签 n．标签；标记11．cream n．奶油；乳脂；护肤霜 adj.奶油色的；淡黄色的12．leopard n．豹13．bush n．灌木14．lung n．肺15．corridor n．狭长地带；走廊；过道；通道16．roller coaster过山车17．pirate n．海盗；盗版者 vt.盗印；窃用18．enormous adj.巨大的；极大的19．iron n．铁；铁器；铸铁；熨斗 vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨；烫平20．superb adj.极佳的；卓越的21．aquarium n．(pl.aquariums or aquaria)水族馆；水族玻璃槽；养鱼缸22．polar adj.(近)极地的；南极(或北极)的；磁极的23．column n．(书、报纸印刷页上的)栏；专栏；柱(形物)Ⅱ.重点单词1．cloth n．(一块)布；织物；布料2．valley n．谷；山谷；溪谷3．ban vt.明令禁止；取缔 n．禁令4．accompany vt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏5．adopt vt.采用；采取；采纳 vt.& vi.领养6．sour adj.酸的；有酸味的7．sneeze vi.打喷嚏 n．喷嚏；喷嚏声8．stretch vi.延伸；延续 vi.& vt.伸展；舒展9．pedal n．(自行车等的)脚镫子；踏板 vt.& vi.骑自行车；踩踏板10．fountain n．喷泉；人工喷泉；喷水池11．route n．路线；路途；途径12．ahead adv.向前；在前面；提前13．theme adj.有特定主题的 n．主题；主题思想14．theme park主题公园；主题乐园15．incredible adj.极好的；极大的；难以置信的16．wander n．游荡；闲逛；流浪 vt.& vi.闲逛；漫游 vi.走失；离散；走神17．swing vt.& vi.(swung，swung)(使)摆动；摇摆；转弯；(使)突然转向18．steam n．蒸汽；水蒸气；蒸汽动力 vi.蒸发；散发蒸汽；冒水汽19．splendid adj.壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的20．display n．展览；陈列；展览品 vt.显示；陈列21．appetite n．食欲；胃口；强烈欲望Ⅲ.拓展单词1．visible adj.看得见的；可见的→invisible adj.看不见的→vision n．视力；视觉2．bless vt.祝福→blessing n．幸事；祝福3．prohibition n．禁止；阻止；禁令→prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止4．journalist n．新闻记者；新闻工作者→journal n．日志；杂志5．rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的→reward vt.报答；酬劳；奖赏6．cycle n．自行车；摩托车；循环 vi.骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人7．appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n．吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的8．adorable adj.可爱的；讨人喜爱的→adore vt.热爱；喜爱9．amusement n．娱乐(活动)；愉悦→amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→amusing adj.逗人笑的；有乐趣的→amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的10．fashion n．时尚；时兴；流行款式→fashionable adj.时尚的11．rare adj.稀少的；珍贵的；(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.罕有；很少12．entertainment n．娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目→entertain vt.招待；款待；使欢乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的→entertainer n．表演者；艺人Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．track down追踪到；搜索到2．trigger /'trIɡə(r)/ vt.发动；引起；触发 n．(枪的)扳机；引发(某事)的因素3．valid /'vælId/ adj.有效的；(正式)认可的4．in practice实际上；事实上5．eligible /'elIdʒəbl/ adj.有资格的；合格的6．transfer /træns'fɜː(r)/ vi.& vt.转移(地方)；调动(工作)；迁移 n．转移；调动7．compassion /kəm'pæʃn/ n．同情；怜悯8．deed /diːd/ n．行为；行动9．manufacture /ˌmænju'fæktʃə(r)/ vt.(用机器)大量生产；成批制造10．rot /rɒt/ vi.& vt.(使)腐烂；腐败变质 n．腐烂；腐败变质Ⅴ.背核心短语1．on the move在行进中；在移动中2．set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作3．live off依靠……生活；以吃……为生4．appeal to有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动5．up to达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任6．upside down颠倒；倒转；翻转7．wake up醒来8．look after照顾9．pick up拾起；捡起10．be familiar with对……熟悉Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Following the reindeer were the Sami people，who made this territory their home.(完全倒装)在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。2．Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park，no one else can live here，and all new development is banned within park boundaries.(though引导的状语从句)虽然萨米人可以在公园内继续其传统生活方式，但其他人不能在此居住，而且公园边界内禁止一切开发活动。3．Whichever and whatever you like，there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you！(“疑问词＋-ever”引导的状语从句)无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返！4．If you want to have fun and more than fun，come to Disneyland！(祈使句)如果你想要的是好玩，而且不仅仅是好玩而已，那就来迪士尼乐园吧！5．The park has more rides than you can imagine: join a water fight against pirates，get turned upside down by an exciting roller coaster，or get wet in one of the water rides！(get done)公园里的游乐项目比你想象的还要多：参加水战，与海盗搏斗；乘坐刺激的过山车，让你的头脚颠倒；或者在一个水上项目中玩个浑身湿透！Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 ban vt.明令禁止；取缔 n．禁令(1)To protect endangered animals，the government is to lift a ban ____________ illegal hunting.(2)为了创造更干净的自习室环境，禁止每个人乱扔垃圾。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)To create cleaner surroundings in the self-study room，___________________________________. appeal vi.有感染力；有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n．呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉(appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的)(1)I hold the faith that nothing is as ____________(appeal) as spending time with the family.(2)上周我们班主任做了一个关于中国传统文化的讲座，吸引了很多外国学生。A lecture about traditional Chinese culture was given last week by our head teacher，________________________________________________.(3)我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。(应用文写作之倡议书)I am writing to ____________________________________ building a more beautiful school. amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐{amused adj.逗乐的；觉得好笑的 amusing adj.逗人笑的；有趣的 amusement n．[C]娱乐(活动)；[U]愉悦；娱乐}(1)Much to my ____________(amuse)，a theme park has been built in our neighborhood.(2)我妈妈被如此有趣的情景逗乐了，她愉快地开玩笑道：“不要在大南瓜里用光了氧气。”但是她的话并没有逗乐我，相反，我的鼻子都快气歪了。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)My mom ________________________________，joking ____________________，“Don’t use up all your oxygen in the huge pumpkin.” But I ____________________________________ and on the contrary，my nose was almost crooked. set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作用set短语的正确形式填空(1)As far as I’m concerned，it’s time for us to ____________ for the faraway theme park.(2)However busy you are，you should ____________ some time to accompany your elderly parents.(3)Moreover，with the stadium ________________，various rewarding sports events are able to be held.(4)The moment the journalist arrived at the scene，he ____________ looking into the case thoroughly.(5)I strongly recommend ____________ the key points in class in case you forget them.(应用文写作之建议信) 完全倒装 　Following the reindeer were the Sami people，who made this territory their home.在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人，他们在这片土地上安家落户。(1)一位男孩正站在教室外，低着头，默默地哭着。____________________________________，lowering his head and crying silently.(2)以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。(应用文写作之建议信)____________________________ on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study.(3)农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。__________________________________________，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.(4)听到狗狂吠，小偷惊慌失措地逃走了。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，______________________________.Unit4 Body LanguageⅠ.阅读单词1．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明2．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态3．identical adj.相同的4．interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译5．waist n．腰；腰部6．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的7．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用8．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的9．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出10．tick vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n．钩号11．chin n．下巴12．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心13．ultimately adv.最终；最后14．intervene vi.干预；介入15．component n．组成部分；零件16．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻Ⅱ.重点单词1．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的2．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人3．cheek n．面颊；脸颊4．bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结5．barrier n．隔阂；障碍6．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突7．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一8．internal adj.内部的；里面的9．slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)10．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)11．bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向12．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清13．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的14．imply vt.意味着；暗示15．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视16．ceiling n．天花板；上限17．perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解18．chest n．胸部；胸膛19．merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过20．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便21．weep vi.& vt.(wept，wept)哭泣；流泪22．conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触Ⅲ.拓展单词1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类3．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的4．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用5．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异6．favour(NAmE -vor) vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜欢的7．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；信赖9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微10．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育12．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vt.& vi.照料；护理 vi.倾向于；有……的趋势13．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的14．occupy vt.占据；占用→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业15．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的16．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地17．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassment n．难堪；窘迫18．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的19．inquire/enquire vi.& vt.询问；打听→inquiry/enquiry n．询问；调查20．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应21．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；副作用Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．rage /reIdʒ/ n．暴怒；狂怒 vi.& vt.发怒；怒斥2．cultivate /'kʌltIveIt/ vt.种植；栽培；培育3．mutter /'mʌtə(r)/ vt.& vi.嘀咕；嘟囔 n．嘀咕；嘟哝4．obsessive /əb'sesIv/ adj.着迷的；难以释怀的5．gaze at凝视；注视6．vain /veIn/ adj.徒劳的；枉然的；无结果的in vain 枉费心机；徒劳无益7．raid /reId/ n．突击检查 vt.突击搜捕；突袭8．isolate /'aIsəleIt/ vt.(使)隔离；(使)孤立9．alike /ə'laIk/ adv.十分相像地；很相似地 adj.相像；十分相似10．substitute /'sʌbstItjuːt/ n．代替者；代用品 vi.& vt.(以……)代替；取代Ⅴ.背核心短语1．by contrast相比之下2．by comparison(与……)相比较3．make inferences推理；推断4．break down消除；分解；打破5．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐6．in other words换句话说；也就是说7．call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请8．at work有某种影响；在工作Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．For example，making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.(a way to do...)例如，在一些国家，眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是表示兴趣的一种方式。2．However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.(as引导原因状语从句)然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。3．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。4．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(while引导让步状语从句)尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。5．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school.(疑问词＋不定式)他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(various adj.不同的；各种各样的 variety n．多样性；变化；种类)(1)The students in our class vary ____________ height ____________ 150 cm to 170 cm.(2)We will come across ____________(vary) barriers in our daily life which need to be broken down.(3)如你所见，我们俱乐部正在举办各种各样的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵不等。As you can see，____________________ are being held by our club，______________ English Speech Contest ____________ Poetry Recitation. approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准；通过(approval n．赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准 approving adj.赞许的；许可的 disapprove v．不赞成；不同意)(1)We are eager to win the educator’s ____________ to our project，but he hasn’t given us an ____________ gesture up to now.(approve)(2)如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)We would be grateful __________________________________________________________.(3)既然您赞成我的主意，我就详细地向您介绍一下。____________________________________，I will introduce it to you in detail. favour (NAmE -vor)vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同(favourable adj.赞成的；有利的 favourite adj.最喜欢的)(1)By performing appropriate measures，we have created a ____________(favour) learning environment in the self-study room.(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)(2)当他知道大多数人都不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。He boiled with anger when knowing that most of them ____________________________.(3)我写信是想告诉你我暑假期间去山里捡垃圾的计划，我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙。I’m writing to tell you about my plan to pick up garbage in the mountains during the summer vacation and I wonder if _______________________________________________________.(4)请记住，机会和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。(读后续写之主旨升华)Keep in mind that _____________________________________________________. occupy vt.占用；占领；占据(occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的 occupation n．占领；职业)(1)Ultimately，you must state your full name，age and ____________(occupy) in your application form.(2)Because they were ____________(occupy) in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)→________________________________________________，they spared no time to play around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)→____________________________________，they spared no time to play around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯(adjustment n．调整；适应 adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的)(1)To our amazement，the school chairs are ____________，so children can make some ____________ according to their height.(adjust) (2)我知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，所以我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。(应用文写作之建议信)________________________________________________________________，I’m writing to give you some tips，which I hope will be of help to you.(3)由于我没有及时调整相关的信息，给您带来极大的不便，我写信向您道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)I am writing to apologize to you for ________________________________________，causing great inconvenience to you. break down分解；(机器等)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除；打破用break短语的正确形式填空(1)What angered me was that my car ________________ on the way to my company.(2)We arrived home early only to find a thief trying to ____________.(3)It is said that two hundred houses were burned down in the fire which ____________ a few years ago.(4)When the father saw his lost child safe，he ____________ tears and his anxiety finally disappeared.(5)It was quite some time before they managed to ________________ the enemy’s barrier.(6)Trapped in deep conflict，their partnership finally ____________ and he ________________ from the company，setting up his own company. in other words换句话说；也就是说有消息说因为你违背诺言你的搭档和你吵架了。为了消除你们之间的隔阂，为何不和你的搭档谈一谈，并真诚表达你真诚的歉意呢？另外，从现在起遵守诺言可以避免进一步的冲突。总之，竭尽全力去修复你们的关系，因为友谊非常重要。(应用文写作之建议信)(1)______________________ your partner (2)______________________ you because you (3)________________________________．To break down your barriers，why not (4)______________________ your partner and express your heartfelt apology sincerely? Besides，(5)________________ from now on can avoid further conflicts.(6)____________，do whatever you can to restore your relationship，for friendship is really important. call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；呼吁；号召用call短语的正确形式填空(1)The twin brothers ____________ their grandpa on a weekly basis.(2)Can you still ____________ the days when we were together in Brazil?(3)The conference was ultimately ______________ because of the unexpected incident.(4)The activity is aimed at ____________ students to be occupied with their school work.(5)There are violent conflicts and barriers between them，which ____________ immediate solutions. 部分否定　Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，不是所有抬着头的学生都是在认真听课。(1)我同意你说的大部分内容，但并非同意你讲的一切。I agree with most of what you said，but ____________________________________ that you said.(2)汤姆让杰克和彼得陪他去野餐，但是他们两个都不想去，因为他们有工作要做。Tom asks Jack and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________________________，because they have work to do.(3)通过以上图表，可以看出并非所有学生都采用同一种方法学英语。(2022·全国乙，书面表达)According to the above graph，it can be seen that ________________________________________________________________________.Unit5Working the LandⅠ.阅读单词1．hybrid n．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车2．crisis n．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头3．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的4．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的5．pollinate vt.授粉；传粉6．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的7．strain n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力8．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流9．envision vt.展望；想象10．sorghum n．高粱；高粱米11．broom n．扫把；扫帚；金雀花12．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒13．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的14．bomb n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹15．tunnel n．地下通道；地道；隧道16．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽17．flavour(NAmE -vor) n．味道；特点；特色18．fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n．肥料19．poverty n．贫穷；贫困20．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的21．pesticide n．杀虫剂；除害药物22．bacterium n．(pl.bacteria)细菌23．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货Ⅱ.重点单词1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理2．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励3．yield n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步4．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到5．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜7．output n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出8．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算9．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成10．generate vt.产生；引起11．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲12．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土13．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像14．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实15．alleviate vt.减轻；缓解16．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的17．digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟 n．摘要；文摘18．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的19．mineral n．矿物；矿物质20．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的21．instance n．例子；实例；事例22．batch n．一批；一组 vt.分批处理23．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源24．aspect n．方面；层面Ⅲ.拓展单词1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想；承担→assuming conj.假定；假设5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养11．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深12．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．trustworthy /'trʌstwɜːði/ adj.值得信任的；可靠的2．empathy /'empəθi/ n．同感；共情→empathetic /ˌempə'θetIk/ adj.同感的；共情的3．be/feel jealous of 嫉妒；羡慕4．split /splIt/ vi.& vt.(split，split) 分成；分裂；分担 n．分裂；裂缝5．distress /dI'stres/ n．忧虑；悲伤6．flourish /'flʌrIʃ/ vi.& vt.成功；健康成长；繁荣7．cheer sb up使……振作或高兴8．tie to与……联系在一起9．compromise /'kɒmprəmaIz/ vt.& vi.妥协；让步；折中10．reluctant /rI'lʌktənt/ adj.不情愿的；勉强的Ⅴ.背核心短语1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心2．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)3．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上4．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流5．for instance例如；比如6．be like...像……7．fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想8．in fact事实上9．turn to转向；求助于10．be ready for为……做准备Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(that引导的表语从句)然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。2．How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(how引导的主语从句)如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。3．However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(whether引导的主语从句)然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。4．Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(given that引导的原因状语从句)考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。5．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用)(devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的 devotion n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱)(1)The reason for our ____________(devote) to her is that she ____________(devote) her time to ____________(reduce) pollution at an early age.(2)Yuan Longping devoted himself to studying hybrid rice and he was respected by people all over the world.(话题写作之人物介绍)→____________________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)→____________________________________，Yuan Longping was respected by people all over the world.(用形容词短语作状语改写) convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服(convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 convincing adj.令人信服的)(1)So ____________ is your speech that I’m ____________ that all students will benefit a lot from it.(convince)(2)你在危机中的表现使我们相信你有能力应对紧急情况，并使我们相信能把这项重要任务交给你。Your performance in the crisis has ________________________________________ and convinced us ____________________________________.(3)我坚信，通过这次讲座，我们不仅可以了解中国文学，而且可以提高我们对中国传统文化的兴趣。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；设想；承担；假装 assuming conj.假如)(1)Deep down they assumed her ____________(be) the best singer of their time.(2)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。(应用文写作之申请信)______________________________________________________________，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.(3)People assume that drinking Chinese tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.(话题写作之传统文化)→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用it作形式主语和not only...but also...的倒装句改写) alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.可供选择地)(1)On the assumption that you are available，I can come to your house，or ____________(alternative)，we can meet in the town.(2)面对海洋令人担忧的现状，人类别无选择只能彼此合作解决这个海洋危机。毕竟，世界上没有东西可以是海洋的替代品。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)Faced with the worrying current situation of oceans，human beings _________________________ to tackle the ocean crisis.After all，nothing in the world can ________________________________________________ oceans. in turn转而；相应地；反过来；依次；轮流用turn短语的正确形式填空Some student representatives (1)____________ to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it (2)____________．Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and (3)____________，we should give a helping hand to them from now on.For instance，we and our parents can do housework (4)____________．It (5)____________ that the ceremony makes a great difference to us.(2020·天津，书面表达) given that引导的原因状语从句 　Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。(1)鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。(话题写作之传统文化)___________________________________________________—Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you.(2)考虑到我们学生需要更多的身体锻炼，我校上周日将举行了一次越野赛跑。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)________________________________________________，our school organized a cross-country running race last Sunday.•commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)commit sth to (doing) sth 将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上•be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事•make a commitment 作出承诺acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是……acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事acknowledge that...承认……It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。•insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事•insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择相应的时态。•in conclusion最后；总之come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论•conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束to conclude 总之conclude from...从……中得出结论under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result因此as/in a consequence of＝as a result of因为……；由于……take the consequences承担后果•upon/on doing (that)...“一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。•“一……就……”的其他表达方式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等。it作形式主语的常用句式：•It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour＋to do sth•It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句•It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句•It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句•It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句persuade sb to do sth＝persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth＝persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth＝advise sb to do sth 试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)•command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that...(should) do...命令……•at one’s command听某人支配take command of控制；指挥have a good command of/have a good knowledge of/master...掌握……；精通……• combine sth with/and sth把……与……结合be combined with与……结合/联合• in combination with与……联合•oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反对某人做某事•be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事•in the absence of sb＝in one’s absence某人不在时in the absence of sth 缺乏……；没有……absence of mind心不在焉•be absent from不参加；缺席make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解make sense有道理；有意义；讲得通make no sense 没道理；没意义in a sense从某种意义上说in no sense决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)common sense常识a sense of belonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义。•stay in touch (with)(与……)保持联系be in touch (with)(与……)有联系be out of touch (with)(与……)失去联系以上三个短语表状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。•get in touch (with)(与……)取得联系lose touch (with)(与……)失去联系以上两个短语表示动作，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。•It will take＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) “在……之前要花一段时间”It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时) “要过一段时间才……”It wasn’t long＋before从句(一般过去时) “没过多久就……”It won’t be long＋before从句(一般现在时) “过不了多久就会……”•It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句 “自从……有多长时间了”as作连词，可引导以下几种状语从句：•as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。•as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；随着……”。•as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；照着……”。•as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，需将后面的表语、状语提到前面构成倒装句，即把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前。•ban sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事•a ban on...对……的禁令•表示“禁止某人做某事”的短语还有：prohibit/forbid sb from doing sthforbid sb to do sth•appeal to sb 吸引某人，使某人感兴趣appeal to sb for sth 为某事恳求某人appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁/恳求某人做某事•make an appeal to sb for sth/to do sth为某事向某人恳求/呼吁•amuse sb/oneself with sth 以某事/某物逗乐某人/自己•be amused at/by/with sth 以某事为乐；被……逗笑•(much) to one’s amusement令某人(非常)高兴的是in/with amusement愉快地set aside留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；撤销set off出发；引起；使爆炸set up建立；准备；安排set about doing sth＝set out to do sth 着手/开始做某事set down写下；记下•当作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时，句子构成完全倒装结构，即“分词短语/形容词＋系动词＋主语”结构。•当out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子也使用完全倒装。若主语是代词，则不用倒装。•vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等vary in sth 在某方面不同vary with...随……而变化•a variety of＝varieties of＝various多种多样的•approve of赞成，同意approve sth 批准某事•give one’s approval to sth 某人批准某事win one’s approval得到某人的批准/同意•favour sth/doing sth 较喜欢某事/做某事•ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙do a favour for sb ＝do sb a favour帮某人一个忙owe sb a favour欠某人的人情in favour of赞成；支持in sb’s favour对某人有利•occupy sb/oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事；专心做某事•be occupied with sth/in doing sth 忙于做某事•adjust (oneself) to (doing)...适应……；习惯……adjust...to...调整……以适应……•make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整break away (from)离开；脱离break in(不及物)插嘴；闯入break into(及物)闯入；突然……起来break out爆发break up分散；拆散；驱散；分手break through突破；克服in a word总之；简言之keep one’s word遵守诺言break one’s word失信；不守诺言have a word with...与……谈一谈have words with sb和某人吵架word came that...有消息传来说……call up给……打电话；(使)想起call off＝cancel取消call for(公开)要求；需要call in打电话来；召来，叫来；收回call at拜访(地点)；(火车等)停留•部分否定：当all，both，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定副词not连用时，便构成了部分否定结构，意为“不是……都；并非……都”。•全部否定：当neither，no one，no，none，never，nothing，no more，no longer，no way，not...any等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用时，构成全部否定结构。•devote...to (doing) sth 把……奉献给；把……专注于；献身；致力devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事•be devoted to (doing) sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事•convince sb of sth 使某人确信/明白某事convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事convince sb that...使某人相信……•be convinced (that...)/of...(某人)坚信……•on the assumption that...假定……make an assumption 作出臆断•assume sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为……•assuming (that) ...假设……have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事an alternative to...……的替代品by turns轮流take turns to do sth 轮流做某事It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。turn out结果是；生产；制造given that＋从句，用来说明已知事实，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。