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人教版（2019）选择性必修一十二生肖的故事学案
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这是一份高中英语本册综合优秀学案，共11页。学案主要包含了单项选择，短文改错，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
What’s yur sign?
In western astrlgy, it’s a cnstellatin determined by when ur birthday falls in the calendar. But accrding t the Chinese Zdiac, r “Sheng Xia”, it’s yur “Shu Xiang”, meaning the animal assigned t yur birth year. And f the many myths explaining these animal sings and their arrangement, the mst enduring ne is that f the Great Race. As the stry ges, “Yu Di” r Jade Emperr, ruler f the heavens, wanted t devise a way t measure time. S he rganized a race. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river wuld earn a spt n the Zdiac calendar in the rder they arrived. The rat rse with the sun t get an early start. But n the way t the river, he met the hrse, the tiger and the x. Because the rat was small, and culdn’t swim very well, he asked the bigger animals fr help. While the tiger and hrse refused. The kind-hearted x agreed t carry the rat acrss. Yet, just as they were abut t reach the ther side, the rat jumped ff the x’s head and secured first place. The x came in secnd with the pwerful tiger right behind him. The rabbit, t small t battle the current, nimbly hpped acrss stnes and lgs t cme in furth. Next came the dragn, wh culd have flwn directly acrss, but stpped t help sme creatures she had encuntered n the way. After her came the hrse, gallping acrss the river. But just as she gt acrss, the snake slithered by. The startled hrse reared back, letting the snake sneak int sixth place. The Jade emperr lked ut at the river and sptted the sheep, the mnkey and the rster all atp f a raft, wrking tgether t push it thrugh the weeds. When they made it acrss, the tri agreed t give eighth place t the sheep, wh had been the mst cmfrting and harmnius f them, fllwed by the mnkey and the rster. Next came the dg, scrambling nt the shre. He was a great swimmer, but frlicked in the water fr s lng that he nly managed t cme in the eleventh. The final spt was claimed by the pig, wh’d gtten hungry, and stpped t eat and nap befre finally waddling acrss the finish line. And s, each year is assciated with ne f the animals in this rder, with the cycle starting ver every sixty years. Why sixty and nt twelve? Well, the traditinal Chinese calendar is made up f tw verlapping systems. The animals f the Zdiac are assciated with what’s called the Twelve Earthly Branches, r “Shi Er Di Zhi”. Anther system, the Ten Heavenly Stems, r “Shi Tian Gan”, is linked with the five classical elements f Metal, “Jin”, Wd “Mu”, Water “Shui”, Fire“Hu” and Earth “Tu”. Each element is assigned “Yin” r “Yang”, creating a ten-year cycle. When the twelve animals f the Earthly Branches are matched with the five elements, plus the “Yin” r the ‘Yang’ f the Heavenly stems, it creates sixty years f different cmbinatins, knwn as a sexagenary cycle, r “Gan Zhi”. S smene brn in 1980 wuld have the sign f “Yang”, Metal Mnkey, while smene bn in 2007 wuld be “Yin”, Fire, pig. In fact, yu can als have an inner animal based n yur birth mnth; a true animal based n yur birth date and a secret animal based n yur birth hur. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined which animals were enshrined in the China Zdiac. But as the system spread thrugh Asia, ther cultures made changes t reflect their cmmunities. S if yu cnsult the Vietnamese Zdiac, yu may discver that yu are cat, nt a rabbit. And if yu are in Thailand, a mythical snake called Naga, replaces the dragn. S whether r nt yu place stck in what the Zdiac says abut yu as an individual, it certainly reveals much abut the culture it cmes frm.
单词详解：
1. determine v. 决定；确定；（使）下定决心
determine t d 决定做（表示动作）
determine n/upn 决定
determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的；果断的
be determined t d 决心做（表示状态）
determinatin n. 决心；坚定；果断
with determinatin 坚决地；果断地
例句：
The size f the fish will determine the thickness f the steaks.
鱼的大小决定鱼排的厚度。
He determined t rescue his tw cuntrymen.
他决意营救自己的两名同胞。
It must have reinfrced my determinatin t blend int my surrundings.
这势必让我更加下定决心融入周围环境。
2. base n以……为据点;以……为根据 基部;基地;基础
base n/upn 把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based n/upn以……为根据（基袖）
basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
n the basis f在……的基础上
basic adj. 基本的；基拙的
例句：
Based n imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn, yu will regret it sner r later.
Dn’t evaluate a persn n the basis f his appearance.
The restaurant is based n trust and it is wrking all right.
3. asked the bigger animals fr help. The first twelve
ask sb. fr help 向某人求助
turn t sb. fr help 向某人求助
例句：
Mr Sper was reluctant t ask fr help.
斯佩罗先生不愿意寻求帮助。
Yu can ask fr help whenever yu need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
She had been t prud t ask fr help.
她的自尊心太强,从不求助于人.
4. n the way 在路上
in a way从某种意义上讲；从某方面来说；在某种 程度上
all the way —路上；完全地；自始至终，一直
by way f经由；途经
in the way挡路；碍事
in n way决不（置于句首句子用倒装）
in this way用这种方法
例句：
The frecasters say mre snw is n the way.
Yu can allw such a thing t cntinue in n way.
Yu can slve this prblem nly in this way.
Germs may get int the bdy by way f the muth.
5. make up 组成；构成；化妆；编造；弥补
make up ne’ mind t d sth 下定决心去做某事
例句：
Wmen fficers make up 13 per cent f the plice frce...
女警占警力的13%。
I think it's very unkind f yu t make up stries abut him...
我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。
She spent t much time making herself up...
她在化妆上花去了太多时间。
They'll have t make up time lst during the strike.
他们不得不加班弥补罢工耽误的时间。
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、单项选择
1. He stays up very late every night, __________________ t catch up with his classmates.
A. determinedB. determiningC. t determineD. determine
*2. What is the __________ f yur pinin? Mine is that Karl Max made Lndn the __________ fr his revlutinary wrk.
A. basis; baseB. basis; basisC. base; basisD. base; base
3. _____________ n careful plan and preparatin, her experiment was a cmplete success.
A. BaseB. On the baseC. BasedD. Basing
*4. Last week, I was ill fr sme days and I'm determined t __________ the lst time.
A. make up B. make up fC. make f D. make up fr
二、短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处。
Recently, mre and mre schls have set up special rganizatins calling “Waking Up Club”. They aim t encurage students get up early in the mrning. A discussin abut set up a similar rganizatin in ur schl is rganized by the Student Unin last Mnday. 120 students tk part in it, f which 67 supprted it because they believed it wuld help them develp gd habits and make fully use f the mrning time. Therefre, 48 students didn’t think it was a gd idea. They held that if t get up early r nt depended n ne’s habit and it was nt right t frce us t d s. The rest f the students insisted n that everyne shuld fllw their wn wishes and their wn lifestyles.
三、语法填空
Nathan Sawaya shwed a strng *1.__________ (prefer) fr building blcks when he was yung. At the age f 5, his grandparents bught his first set f building blcks and he 2. __________ (play) with them ever since. He even tk his building blcks t cllege with him. Instead f bks and a cmputer, he had a mdel f Greenwich Village 3. __________ (make) f bricks n his desk.
Nathan started as a lawyer 4. __________ gave up his highly-paid jb t becme 5. __________ artist that uses tys in his art. He uses ty bricks t build everything 6. __________ the Statue f Liberty t Superman! He has mre than 1.5 millin clred bricks *7. __________ are used by him t make pieces f art in his ffice in New Yrk. He started by building small mdels but then decided t d smething big and created a self-prtrait (自画像). It tk him tw days just 8. __________ (build) the eyes.
Nathan's wrks have appeared in museums arund the wrld. Peple lve his arts because they are *9. __________ (fascinate). Since it began in 2007, Nathan's exhibitin "The Art f the Brick" has been very ppular with museum visitrs everywhere.
"I'm prud that I have fulfilled my childhd dream, and I have actually made a jb ut f it," says Nathan. "T d *10. __________ yu lve in life is the mst imprtant thing."
一、
1. A 解析：句意：他每天熬到很晚，决心赶上别的同学。be determined t d sth. 决心做某事。determined t catch up with his classmates在句中作状语。
2. A 解析：basis作名词，指“抽象的根据”；base作名词，指“基地，根据地”。
3. C 解析：本题考查短语作状语的用法。句意：基于仔细的计划和准备，她的试验圆满成功。be based n基于，以……为基础。短语位于句首作状语，base与主语是被动关系，所以用based。所以应选择C。
4. D 解析：考查 make 短语用法。make up fr 弥补；make up f 组成；made f 制成。根据后面的“失去的时间”可知用“弥补”，故选 D 项。
二、
1. 第一句：calling→called 解析：考查非谓语动词。rganizatins与call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
2. 第二句：students后加t 解析：考查非谓语动词。encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事。
3. 第三句：set→setting 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词abut后应用动名词形式。
4. 第三句：is→was 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last Mnday可知应用一般过去时。
5. 第四句：which→whm 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为students，故介词f后的关系代词应用whm。
6. 第四句：fully→full 解析：考查形容词。make full use f充分利用。
7. 第五句：Therefre→Hwever 解析：考查副词。前后两个句子为转折而非因果关系。
8. 第六句：if→whether 解析：考查连词。此处引导主语从句，故用whether。
9. 第六句：us→them 解析：考查代词。根据主语they可知此处应用them。
10. 第七句：去掉n 解析：考查介词。insist后直接加宾语从句，故此处n多余。
三、
1. preference 解析：考查词形转换。此处冠词a后应接名词。故填名词preference“偏爱”。
2. has played 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的ever since可知，他从那时起就开始玩积木。强调对现在的影响，故此处用现在完成时。
3. made 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处的Greenwich Village与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4. but 解析：考查连词。Nathan开始时是一名律师，但是后来放弃了高薪的工作。空处表示转折，故用but。
5. an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一名艺术家”，且artist的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
6. frm 解析：考查介词。此处表示“从自由女神像到超人”。frm…t…“从……到……”。
7. which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是bricks，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which/that引导。
8. t build 解析：考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. sme time t d sth. “花某人多少时间做某事”。此处不定式是真正的主语.
9. fascinating 解析：考查词形转换。此处作表语，且修饰的是物，故用形容词fascinating“有极大吸引力的，迷人的”。
10. what 解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少宾语，故朋what引导，意为“……的东西”。
十二生肖的故事（下）
重点句型：
1. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river
the first … t d sth. 第一个做某事的
it is/was the first time that sb +相应的完成时 某人第几次做某事
例句：
D yu knw wh is the first man t walk n the mn?
Liming is always the first ne t get t the classrm.
It’s the first mnth that he has lived here.这是他第一个月住在这里.
This was the secnd cigarette that he had smked tday.这是他今天抽的第二支烟.
翻译：
故事中，天界的统治者“玉帝”或玉皇大帝，想发明计一种衡量时间的方法。所以他组织了一场比赛。最先渡过河的12种动物将按照它们到达的顺序在黄道历法上赢得一席之地。
2. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined
句型是: It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的其它成份
例句：
It is they that will have a meeting tmrrw. (强调主语)
It is a meeting that they will have tmrrw. (强调宾语)
It is tmrrw that they will have a meeting. (强调时间状语)
翻译：
因此，每一年都是按照这个顺序与其中一种动物联系在一起的，这样的循环周而复始，每六十年为一个周期。为什么是六十年而不是十二年呢？中国传统历法是由两种重叠的体系组成的。十二生肖的动物与所谓的“十二地支”有关。
3. with the cycle starting ver every sixty years
with 的复合结构：
with+宾语+宾补（1. 形容词 2. 副词 3. 介词短语 4. 现在分词 5. 过去分词 6. 不定式）
with the windw clsed(clsed为形容词)
with the light n
with a bk in her hand
with a cat lying in her arms
with the prblem slved
with the new term t begin
翻译：
所以1980年出生的某个人，属相就是属“阳”，属金，属猴，而2007年出生的某个人，属“阴”，属火，属猪。事实上，你还可以有自己出生月份的月柱，出生日的日柱，以及出生时辰的时柱。人们普遍相信这场比赛决定了哪些动物被奉为中国的生肖动物。
4. as the system spread thrugh Asia.
as引导的从句类型：
(1)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候；一边……一边……；随着'
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”
例句：
As children get lder, they becme mre and mre interested in everything.
Just as the flying wrm hit her face, she gave a lud cry.
We all like her as she is always willing t help thers.
翻译：
但是当这种纪年体系传播到亚洲，其他文化做出了一些改变以反映他们的社会。因此如果你查阅越南十二宫图，你可能会发现属猫，而不是兔子。如果你在泰国，一种叫做纳迦的神秘蛇会取代龙。所以不管你是否相信生肖说对一个人的说法，它肯定包含了源文化的许多内容。
（答题时间：40分钟）
*翻译全文
What’s yur sign?
In western astrlgy, it’s a cnstellatin determined by when ur birthday falls in the calendar. But accrding t the Chinese Zdiac, r “Sheng Xia”, it’s yur “Shu Xiang”, meaning the animal assigned t yur birth year. And f the many myths explaining these animal sings and their arrangement, the mst enduring ne is that f the Great Race. As the stry ges, “Yu Di” r Jade Emperr, ruler f the heavens, wanted t devise a way t measure time. S he rganized a race. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river wuld earn a spt n the Zdiac calendar in the rder they arrived. The rat rse with the sun t get an early start. But n the way t the river, he met the hrse, the tiger and the x. Because the rat was small, and culdn’t swim very well, he asked the bigger animals fr help. While the tiger and hrse refused. The kind-hearted x agreed t carry the rat acrss. Yet, just as they were abut t reach the ther side, the rat jumped ff the x’s head and secured first place. The x came in secnd with the pwerful tiger right behind him. The rabbit, t small t battle the current, nimbly hpped acrss stnes and lgs t cme in furth. Next came the dragn, wh culd have flwn directly acrss, but stpped t help sme creatures she had encuntered n the way. After her came the hrse, gallping acrss the river. But just as she gt acrss, the snake slithered by. The startled hrse reared back, letting the snake sneak int sixth place. The Jade emperr lked ut at the river and sptted the sheep, the mnkey and the rster all atp f a raft, wrking tgether t push it thrugh the weeds. When they made it acrss, the tri agreed t give eighth place t the sheep, wh had been the mst cmfrting and harmnius f them, fllwed by the mnkey and the rster. Next came the dg, scrambling nt the shre. He was a great swimmer, but frlicked in the water fr s lng that he nly managed t cme in the eleventh. The final spt was claimed by the pig, wh’d gtten hungry, and stpped t eat and nap befre finally waddling acrss the finish line. And s, each year is assciated with ne f the animals in this rder, with the cycle starting ver every sixty years. Why sixty and nt twelve? Well, the traditinal Chinese calendar is made up f tw verlapping systems. The animals f the Zdiac are assciated with what’s called the Twelve Earthly Branches, r “Shi Er Di Zhi”. Anther system, the Ten Heavenly Stems, r “Shi Tian Gan”, is linked with the five classical elements f Metal, “Jin”, Wd “Mu”, Water “Shui”, Fire“Hu” and Earth “Tu”. Each element is assigned “Yin” r “Yang”, creating a ten-year cycle. When the twelve animals f the Earthly Branches are matched with the five elements, plus the “Yin” r the ‘Yang’ f the Heavenly stems, it creates sixty years f different cmbinatins, knwn as a sexagenary cycle, r “Gan Zhi”. S smene brn in 1980 wuld have the sign f “Yang”, Metal Mnkey, while smene bn in 2007 wuld be “Yin”, Fire, pig. In fact, yu can als have an inner animal based n yur birth mnth; a true animal based n yur birth date and a secret animal based n yur birth hur. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined which animals were enshrined in the China Zdiac. But as the system spread thrugh Asia, ther cultures made changes t reflect their cmmunities. S if yu cnsult the Vietnamese Zdiac, yu may discver that yu are cat, nt a rabbit. And if yu are in Thailand, a mythical snake called Naga, replaces the dragn. S whether r nt yu place stck in what the Zdiac says abut yu as an individual, it certainly reveals much abut the culture it cmes frm.
参考译文：
你的属相是什么？
在西方占星术中，它是决定出生日期对应的星座。但是根据中国的生肖，它是你的“属相”，意思是指定给你出生年份的动物。在解释这些动物的选择和它们的排列的众多神话中，最持久的是伟大种族的神话。正如故事所说，“玉帝”或玉皇大帝，天空的统治者，想设计一种衡量时间的方法。所以他组织了一场比赛。第一批过河的12只动物将按照它们到达的顺序在黄道历法上赢得一席之地。那只老鼠和太阳一道早起。但在去河边的路上，他遇到了马、虎和牛，因为老鼠很小，不会游泳，所以他向大的动物求助。而老虎和马拒绝了。好心的牛同意把老鼠背过去。然而，就在他们即将到达对岸时，老鼠从牛头上跳下来，稳居第一。牛排在第二位，一只强壮的老虎排第三。这只兔子太小了，无法与水流搏斗，它敏捷地跳过石头和圆木，排在第四位。接下来是龙，它本可以直接飞过，但停下来帮助一些她在途中遇到的动物。她之后，那匹马飞奔而过。但就在她穿过的时候，蛇溜了过去。受惊的马往后仰，让蛇溜到第六名。玉皇大帝望着河面，看见了羊、猴子和公鸡都在一个竹筏上协力从水草丛中划出去。当他们通过时，三人同意把第八名让给羊，羊是他们中最令人安慰和和谐的，其次是猴子和公鸡。接着，那条狗爬上了岸。他游泳游得很好，但在水里嬉戏了很长时间，最后才设法游到第十一名。最后一个地点是猪，它饿了，停下来吃东西，打了个盹，最后才摇摇晃晃地跨过终点线。因此，每一年都是按照这个顺序与其中一种动物联系在一起的，这个周期每六十年开始一次。为什么是六十而不是十二？嗯，中国传统文化是由两个重叠的系统组成的。十二生肖的动物与所谓的“十二地枝”有关。另一个系统， “十天干”，与金属、金、木、水、火、土五大古典元素相连。每个元素被指定为“阴”或“阳”，形成一个十年周期。地支十二兽配以五行，加上天干的阴或阳，便创造了六十年的不同组合，称为“干支”。所以1980年出生的某个人，属相就是属“阳”，属金，属猴，而2007年出生的某个人，属“阴”，属火，属猪。事实上，你还可以有自己出生月份的月柱，出生日的日柱，以及出生时辰的时柱。人们普遍相信这场比赛决定了哪些动物被奉为中国的生肖动物。但随着这一体系在亚洲蔓延。其他文化也做出了改变以反映他们的社区。因此，如果你查阅越南十二宫图，你可能会发现属猫，而不是兔子。如果你在泰国，一种叫做纳迦的神秘蛇会取代龙。所以不管你是否相信生肖说对一个人的说法，它肯定包含了源文化的许多内容。
What’s yur sign?
In western astrlgy, it’s a cnstellatin determined by when ur birthday falls in the calendar. But accrding t the Chinese Zdiac, r “Sheng Xia”, it’s yur “Shu Xiang”, meaning the animal assigned t yur birth year. And f the many myths explaining these animal sings and their arrangement, the mst enduring ne is that f the Great Race. As the stry ges, “Yu Di” r Jade Emperr, ruler f the heavens, wanted t devise a way t measure time. S he rganized a race. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river wuld earn a spt n the Zdiac calendar in the rder they arrived. The rat rse with the sun t get an early start. But n the way t the river, he met the hrse, the tiger and the x. Because the rat was small, and culdn’t swim very well, he asked the bigger animals fr help. While the tiger and hrse refused. The kind-hearted x agreed t carry the rat acrss. Yet, just as they were abut t reach the ther side, the rat jumped ff the x’s head and secured first place. The x came in secnd with the pwerful tiger right behind him. The rabbit, t small t battle the current, nimbly hpped acrss stnes and lgs t cme in furth. Next came the dragn, wh culd have flwn directly acrss, but stpped t help sme creatures she had encuntered n the way. After her came the hrse, gallping acrss the river. But just as she gt acrss, the snake slithered by. The startled hrse reared back, letting the snake sneak int sixth place. The Jade emperr lked ut at the river and sptted the sheep, the mnkey and the rster all atp f a raft, wrking tgether t push it thrugh the weeds. When they made it acrss, the tri agreed t give eighth place t the sheep, wh had been the mst cmfrting and harmnius f them, fllwed by the mnkey and the rster. Next came the dg, scrambling nt the shre. He was a great swimmer, but frlicked in the water fr s lng that he nly managed t cme in the eleventh. The final spt was claimed by the pig, wh’d gtten hungry, and stpped t eat and nap befre finally waddling acrss the finish line. And s, each year is assciated with ne f the animals in this rder, with the cycle starting ver every sixty years. Why sixty and nt twelve? Well, the traditinal Chinese calendar is made up f tw verlapping systems. The animals f the Zdiac are assciated with what’s called the Twelve Earthly Branches, r “Shi Er Di Zhi”. Anther system, the Ten Heavenly Stems, r “Shi Tian Gan”, is linked with the five classical elements f Metal, “Jin”, Wd “Mu”, Water “Shui”, Fire“Hu” and Earth “Tu”. Each element is assigned “Yin” r “Yang”, creating a ten-year cycle. When the twelve animals f the Earthly Branches are matched with the five elements, plus the “Yin” r the ‘Yang’ f the Heavenly stems, it creates sixty years f different cmbinatins, knwn as a sexagenary cycle, r “Gan Zhi”. S smene brn in 1980 wuld have the sign f “Yang”, Metal Mnkey, while smene bn in 2007 wuld be “Yin”, Fire, pig. In fact, yu can als have an inner animal based n yur birth mnth; a true animal based n yur birth date and a secret animal based n yur birth hur. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined which animals were enshrined in the China Zdiac. But as the system spread thrugh Asia, ther cultures made changes t reflect their cmmunities. S if yu cnsult the Vietnamese Zdiac, yu may discver that yu are cat, nt a rabbit. And if yu are in Thailand, a mythical snake called Naga, replaces the dragn. S whether r nt yu place stck in what the Zdiac says abut yu as an individual, it certainly reveals much abut the culture it cmes frm.
单词详解：
1. determine v. 决定；确定；（使）下定决心
determine t d 决定做（表示动作）
determine n/upn 决定
determined adj. 坚决的；坚定的；果断的
be determined t d 决心做（表示状态）
determinatin n. 决心；坚定；果断
with determinatin 坚决地；果断地
例句：
The size f the fish will determine the thickness f the steaks.
鱼的大小决定鱼排的厚度。
He determined t rescue his tw cuntrymen.
他决意营救自己的两名同胞。
It must have reinfrced my determinatin t blend int my surrundings.
这势必让我更加下定决心融入周围环境。
2. base n以……为据点;以……为根据 基部;基地;基础
base n/upn 把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based n/upn以……为根据（基袖）
basis n. 原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
n the basis f在……的基础上
basic adj. 基本的；基拙的
例句：
Based n imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn, yu will regret it sner r later.
Dn’t evaluate a persn n the basis f his appearance.
The restaurant is based n trust and it is wrking all right.
3. asked the bigger animals fr help. The first twelve
ask sb. fr help 向某人求助
turn t sb. fr help 向某人求助
例句：
Mr Sper was reluctant t ask fr help.
斯佩罗先生不愿意寻求帮助。
Yu can ask fr help whenever yu need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
She had been t prud t ask fr help.
她的自尊心太强,从不求助于人.
4. n the way 在路上
in a way从某种意义上讲；从某方面来说；在某种 程度上
all the way —路上；完全地；自始至终，一直
by way f经由；途经
in the way挡路；碍事
in n way决不（置于句首句子用倒装）
in this way用这种方法
例句：
The frecasters say mre snw is n the way.
Yu can allw such a thing t cntinue in n way.
Yu can slve this prblem nly in this way.
Germs may get int the bdy by way f the muth.
5. make up 组成；构成；化妆；编造；弥补
make up ne’ mind t d sth 下定决心去做某事
例句：
Wmen fficers make up 13 per cent f the plice frce...
女警占警力的13%。
I think it's very unkind f yu t make up stries abut him...
我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。
She spent t much time making herself up...
她在化妆上花去了太多时间。
They'll have t make up time lst during the strike.
他们不得不加班弥补罢工耽误的时间。
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、单项选择
1. He stays up very late every night, __________________ t catch up with his classmates.
A. determinedB. determiningC. t determineD. determine
*2. What is the __________ f yur pinin? Mine is that Karl Max made Lndn the __________ fr his revlutinary wrk.
A. basis; baseB. basis; basisC. base; basisD. base; base
3. _____________ n careful plan and preparatin, her experiment was a cmplete success.
A. BaseB. On the baseC. BasedD. Basing
*4. Last week, I was ill fr sme days and I'm determined t __________ the lst time.
A. make up B. make up fC. make f D. make up fr
二、短文改错
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处。
Recently, mre and mre schls have set up special rganizatins calling “Waking Up Club”. They aim t encurage students get up early in the mrning. A discussin abut set up a similar rganizatin in ur schl is rganized by the Student Unin last Mnday. 120 students tk part in it, f which 67 supprted it because they believed it wuld help them develp gd habits and make fully use f the mrning time. Therefre, 48 students didn’t think it was a gd idea. They held that if t get up early r nt depended n ne’s habit and it was nt right t frce us t d s. The rest f the students insisted n that everyne shuld fllw their wn wishes and their wn lifestyles.
三、语法填空
Nathan Sawaya shwed a strng *1.__________ (prefer) fr building blcks when he was yung. At the age f 5, his grandparents bught his first set f building blcks and he 2. __________ (play) with them ever since. He even tk his building blcks t cllege with him. Instead f bks and a cmputer, he had a mdel f Greenwich Village 3. __________ (make) f bricks n his desk.
Nathan started as a lawyer 4. __________ gave up his highly-paid jb t becme 5. __________ artist that uses tys in his art. He uses ty bricks t build everything 6. __________ the Statue f Liberty t Superman! He has mre than 1.5 millin clred bricks *7. __________ are used by him t make pieces f art in his ffice in New Yrk. He started by building small mdels but then decided t d smething big and created a self-prtrait (自画像). It tk him tw days just 8. __________ (build) the eyes.
Nathan's wrks have appeared in museums arund the wrld. Peple lve his arts because they are *9. __________ (fascinate). Since it began in 2007, Nathan's exhibitin "The Art f the Brick" has been very ppular with museum visitrs everywhere.
"I'm prud that I have fulfilled my childhd dream, and I have actually made a jb ut f it," says Nathan. "T d *10. __________ yu lve in life is the mst imprtant thing."
一、
1. A 解析：句意：他每天熬到很晚，决心赶上别的同学。be determined t d sth. 决心做某事。determined t catch up with his classmates在句中作状语。
2. A 解析：basis作名词，指“抽象的根据”；base作名词，指“基地，根据地”。
3. C 解析：本题考查短语作状语的用法。句意：基于仔细的计划和准备，她的试验圆满成功。be based n基于，以……为基础。短语位于句首作状语，base与主语是被动关系，所以用based。所以应选择C。
4. D 解析：考查 make 短语用法。make up fr 弥补；make up f 组成；made f 制成。根据后面的“失去的时间”可知用“弥补”，故选 D 项。
二、
1. 第一句：calling→called 解析：考查非谓语动词。rganizatins与call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。
2. 第二句：students后加t 解析：考查非谓语动词。encurage sb. t d sth. 鼓励某人做某事。
3. 第三句：set→setting 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词abut后应用动名词形式。
4. 第三句：is→was 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语last Mnday可知应用一般过去时。
5. 第四句：which→whm 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为students，故介词f后的关系代词应用whm。
6. 第四句：fully→full 解析：考查形容词。make full use f充分利用。
7. 第五句：Therefre→Hwever 解析：考查副词。前后两个句子为转折而非因果关系。
8. 第六句：if→whether 解析：考查连词。此处引导主语从句，故用whether。
9. 第六句：us→them 解析：考查代词。根据主语they可知此处应用them。
10. 第七句：去掉n 解析：考查介词。insist后直接加宾语从句，故此处n多余。
三、
1. preference 解析：考查词形转换。此处冠词a后应接名词。故填名词preference“偏爱”。
2. has played 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的ever since可知，他从那时起就开始玩积木。强调对现在的影响，故此处用现在完成时。
3. made 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处的Greenwich Village与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4. but 解析：考查连词。Nathan开始时是一名律师，但是后来放弃了高薪的工作。空处表示转折，故用but。
5. an 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一名艺术家”，且artist的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
6. frm 解析：考查介词。此处表示“从自由女神像到超人”。frm…t…“从……到……”。
7. which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是bricks，定语从句中缺少主语，故用which/that引导。
8. t build 解析：考查非谓语动词。It takes sb. sme time t d sth. “花某人多少时间做某事”。此处不定式是真正的主语.
9. fascinating 解析：考查词形转换。此处作表语，且修饰的是物，故用形容词fascinating“有极大吸引力的，迷人的”。
10. what 解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少宾语，故朋what引导，意为“……的东西”。
十二生肖的故事（下）
重点句型：
1. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river
the first … t d sth. 第一个做某事的
it is/was the first time that sb +相应的完成时 某人第几次做某事
例句：
D yu knw wh is the first man t walk n the mn?
Liming is always the first ne t get t the classrm.
It’s the first mnth that he has lived here.这是他第一个月住在这里.
This was the secnd cigarette that he had smked tday.这是他今天抽的第二支烟.
翻译：
故事中，天界的统治者“玉帝”或玉皇大帝，想发明计一种衡量时间的方法。所以他组织了一场比赛。最先渡过河的12种动物将按照它们到达的顺序在黄道历法上赢得一席之地。
2. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined
句型是: It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that + 句子的其它成份
例句：
It is they that will have a meeting tmrrw. (强调主语)
It is a meeting that they will have tmrrw. (强调宾语)
It is tmrrw that they will have a meeting. (强调时间状语)
翻译：
因此，每一年都是按照这个顺序与其中一种动物联系在一起的，这样的循环周而复始，每六十年为一个周期。为什么是六十年而不是十二年呢？中国传统历法是由两种重叠的体系组成的。十二生肖的动物与所谓的“十二地支”有关。
3. with the cycle starting ver every sixty years
with 的复合结构：
with+宾语+宾补（1. 形容词 2. 副词 3. 介词短语 4. 现在分词 5. 过去分词 6. 不定式）
with the windw clsed(clsed为形容词)
with the light n
with a bk in her hand
with a cat lying in her arms
with the prblem slved
with the new term t begin
翻译：
所以1980年出生的某个人，属相就是属“阳”，属金，属猴，而2007年出生的某个人，属“阴”，属火，属猪。事实上，你还可以有自己出生月份的月柱，出生日的日柱，以及出生时辰的时柱。人们普遍相信这场比赛决定了哪些动物被奉为中国的生肖动物。
4. as the system spread thrugh Asia.
as引导的从句类型：
(1)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候；一边……一边……；随着'
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”
例句：
As children get lder, they becme mre and mre interested in everything.
Just as the flying wrm hit her face, she gave a lud cry.
We all like her as she is always willing t help thers.
翻译：
但是当这种纪年体系传播到亚洲，其他文化做出了一些改变以反映他们的社会。因此如果你查阅越南十二宫图，你可能会发现属猫，而不是兔子。如果你在泰国，一种叫做纳迦的神秘蛇会取代龙。所以不管你是否相信生肖说对一个人的说法，它肯定包含了源文化的许多内容。
（答题时间：40分钟）
*翻译全文
What’s yur sign?
In western astrlgy, it’s a cnstellatin determined by when ur birthday falls in the calendar. But accrding t the Chinese Zdiac, r “Sheng Xia”, it’s yur “Shu Xiang”, meaning the animal assigned t yur birth year. And f the many myths explaining these animal sings and their arrangement, the mst enduring ne is that f the Great Race. As the stry ges, “Yu Di” r Jade Emperr, ruler f the heavens, wanted t devise a way t measure time. S he rganized a race. The first twelve animals t make it acrss the river wuld earn a spt n the Zdiac calendar in the rder they arrived. The rat rse with the sun t get an early start. But n the way t the river, he met the hrse, the tiger and the x. Because the rat was small, and culdn’t swim very well, he asked the bigger animals fr help. While the tiger and hrse refused. The kind-hearted x agreed t carry the rat acrss. Yet, just as they were abut t reach the ther side, the rat jumped ff the x’s head and secured first place. The x came in secnd with the pwerful tiger right behind him. The rabbit, t small t battle the current, nimbly hpped acrss stnes and lgs t cme in furth. Next came the dragn, wh culd have flwn directly acrss, but stpped t help sme creatures she had encuntered n the way. After her came the hrse, gallping acrss the river. But just as she gt acrss, the snake slithered by. The startled hrse reared back, letting the snake sneak int sixth place. The Jade emperr lked ut at the river and sptted the sheep, the mnkey and the rster all atp f a raft, wrking tgether t push it thrugh the weeds. When they made it acrss, the tri agreed t give eighth place t the sheep, wh had been the mst cmfrting and harmnius f them, fllwed by the mnkey and the rster. Next came the dg, scrambling nt the shre. He was a great swimmer, but frlicked in the water fr s lng that he nly managed t cme in the eleventh. The final spt was claimed by the pig, wh’d gtten hungry, and stpped t eat and nap befre finally waddling acrss the finish line. And s, each year is assciated with ne f the animals in this rder, with the cycle starting ver every sixty years. Why sixty and nt twelve? Well, the traditinal Chinese calendar is made up f tw verlapping systems. The animals f the Zdiac are assciated with what’s called the Twelve Earthly Branches, r “Shi Er Di Zhi”. Anther system, the Ten Heavenly Stems, r “Shi Tian Gan”, is linked with the five classical elements f Metal, “Jin”, Wd “Mu”, Water “Shui”, Fire“Hu” and Earth “Tu”. Each element is assigned “Yin” r “Yang”, creating a ten-year cycle. When the twelve animals f the Earthly Branches are matched with the five elements, plus the “Yin” r the ‘Yang’ f the Heavenly stems, it creates sixty years f different cmbinatins, knwn as a sexagenary cycle, r “Gan Zhi”. S smene brn in 1980 wuld have the sign f “Yang”, Metal Mnkey, while smene bn in 2007 wuld be “Yin”, Fire, pig. In fact, yu can als have an inner animal based n yur birth mnth; a true animal based n yur birth date and a secret animal based n yur birth hur. It was the Great Race that suppsedly determined which animals were enshrined in the China Zdiac. But as the system spread thrugh Asia, ther cultures made changes t reflect their cmmunities. S if yu cnsult the Vietnamese Zdiac, yu may discver that yu are cat, nt a rabbit. And if yu are in Thailand, a mythical snake called Naga, replaces the dragn. S whether r nt yu place stck in what the Zdiac says abut yu as an individual, it certainly reveals much abut the culture it cmes frm.
参考译文：
你的属相是什么？
在西方占星术中，它是决定出生日期对应的星座。但是根据中国的生肖，它是你的“属相”，意思是指定给你出生年份的动物。在解释这些动物的选择和它们的排列的众多神话中，最持久的是伟大种族的神话。正如故事所说，“玉帝”或玉皇大帝，天空的统治者，想设计一种衡量时间的方法。所以他组织了一场比赛。第一批过河的12只动物将按照它们到达的顺序在黄道历法上赢得一席之地。那只老鼠和太阳一道早起。但在去河边的路上，他遇到了马、虎和牛，因为老鼠很小，不会游泳，所以他向大的动物求助。而老虎和马拒绝了。好心的牛同意把老鼠背过去。然而，就在他们即将到达对岸时，老鼠从牛头上跳下来，稳居第一。牛排在第二位，一只强壮的老虎排第三。这只兔子太小了，无法与水流搏斗，它敏捷地跳过石头和圆木，排在第四位。接下来是龙，它本可以直接飞过，但停下来帮助一些她在途中遇到的动物。她之后，那匹马飞奔而过。但就在她穿过的时候，蛇溜了过去。受惊的马往后仰，让蛇溜到第六名。玉皇大帝望着河面，看见了羊、猴子和公鸡都在一个竹筏上协力从水草丛中划出去。当他们通过时，三人同意把第八名让给羊，羊是他们中最令人安慰和和谐的，其次是猴子和公鸡。接着，那条狗爬上了岸。他游泳游得很好，但在水里嬉戏了很长时间，最后才设法游到第十一名。最后一个地点是猪，它饿了，停下来吃东西，打了个盹，最后才摇摇晃晃地跨过终点线。因此，每一年都是按照这个顺序与其中一种动物联系在一起的，这个周期每六十年开始一次。为什么是六十而不是十二？嗯，中国传统文化是由两个重叠的系统组成的。十二生肖的动物与所谓的“十二地枝”有关。另一个系统， “十天干”，与金属、金、木、水、火、土五大古典元素相连。每个元素被指定为“阴”或“阳”，形成一个十年周期。地支十二兽配以五行，加上天干的阴或阳，便创造了六十年的不同组合，称为“干支”。所以1980年出生的某个人，属相就是属“阳”，属金，属猴，而2007年出生的某个人，属“阴”，属火，属猪。事实上，你还可以有自己出生月份的月柱，出生日的日柱，以及出生时辰的时柱。人们普遍相信这场比赛决定了哪些动物被奉为中国的生肖动物。但随着这一体系在亚洲蔓延。其他文化也做出了改变以反映他们的社区。因此，如果你查阅越南十二宫图，你可能会发现属猫，而不是兔子。如果你在泰国，一种叫做纳迦的神秘蛇会取代龙。所以不管你是否相信生肖说对一个人的说法，它肯定包含了源文化的许多内容。
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