人教版高中英语选择性必修四全册知识点总结

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人教版高中英语选择性必修四全册知识点总结（教师版）Unit1Science FictionⅠ.阅读单词1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事2．science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)3．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利4．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的5．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的6．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定7．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓8．ladder n．梯子；阶梯9．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管10．rumour n．谣言；传闻11．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设12．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价13．gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位)14．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)15．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的16．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施17．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆18．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组19．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛25．overstatement n．夸大；夸张Ⅱ.重点单词1．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好2．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严3．salary n．薪水；薪金4．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员5．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除6．weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊7．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长8．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉9．salesman n．售货员；推销员10．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的11．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作12．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套13．backwards (NAmE backward)adv.向后；倒着；往回14．niece n．侄女；外甥女15．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来16．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾17．lamp n．灯；台灯18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的20．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度21．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷Ⅲ.拓展单词1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v．分开；分散；分配；分享7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的8．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增9．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．comply /kəm'plaI/ vi.遵守；服从comply with遵从；服从2．abundance /ə'bʌndəns/ n．大量；丰盛；充裕3．commute /kə'mjuːt/ vi.通勤；长途上下班 n．每天上班的路程4．pledge /pledʒ/ vt.保证给予；正式承诺；发誓 n．誓约；捐款承诺5．controversy /'kɒntrəvɜːsi；kən'trɒvəsi/ n．争论；争议6．flawless /'flɔːləs/ adj.完美的；无瑕的7．whilst /waIlst/ conj.当……时；在……的过程中；尽管8．prestigious /pre'stIdʒəs/ adj.有威望的；声誉高的9．collaborate /kə'læbəreIt/ vi.合作；协作collaborate with与……合作10．buzz /bʌz/ n．喧闹；嘈杂声；嗡嗡声 vi.发出嗡嗡声；充满兴奋；闹哄哄Ⅴ.背核心短语1．test out检验；测试2．more like更像是；更接近3．on a．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(more than...不仅仅……)她听到他说他次日不想离开她，而且他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。3．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.(feel like...感觉像……)这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。4．So long as I travelled at maximum speed，it didn’t matter.(so long as引导条件状语从句)只要我全速行进就不会有问题。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)(1)I felt guilty for/at/about my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.(2)让我震惊的是这个谦逊的销售员曾经犯过罪并坐过牢。What stunned me was that the modest salesman was once guilty of a crime and put into prison.(3)意识到自己对女孩造成的严重伤害，他感到深深的愧疚感。Realizing the severe harm he had done to the girl，he was overwhelmed by a deep sense of guilt. declare vt.表明；宣布；公布(declaration n．公告；宣布；表白)(1)The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization，but the majority declared against her proposal.(2)1939年，这个国家向邻国宣战，这导致了另一场世界大战的爆发。In 1939，this country declared war on/against its neighboring country，which led to the outbreak of another world war.(3)一年一度的慕尼黑啤酒节在宣布开幕的那一刻，在场的人们爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声。The moment the annual Oktoberfest was declared open，people present burst into thunderous cheers. urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 urgency n．紧急；急迫)(1)I am really sorry to have you waiting for so long，but I really had something urgent(urge) to deal with.(2)任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月，书面表达)Anyone who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English can register for our Spoken English Club.(3)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)To protect oceans better，we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes/we must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes/it is urged that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手(1)用take相关短语的正确形式填空After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some more advanced ideas and took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would take off soon.Certainly，managing the firm took up almost all his time.However，Tom held the strong belief that his firm would take on a new look in the near future.(2)你并不高人一等。所以，你认为别人的帮助和支持是理所当然的，这是不对的。You are superior to nobody.So it is wrong of you to take others’ help and support for granted. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是我的同事因病不得不把他的项目交给我。虽然我对这个项目没有把握，但我不能拒绝他。他承诺，无论何时我遇到无法解决的问题时都可以向他寻求指导。在我们的共同努力下，我按时提交了这个项目，结果非常成功。得知这个消息的那一刻，我带着鲜花来到医院，与同事分享了喜悦，同事对我表示祝贺和赞赏。My colleague had to turn over his project to me because of his illness.Though unsure about the project，I couldn’t turn him down.He promised that I could turn to him for guidance whenever I came across problems that I couldn’t solve.With our joint effort，I turned in the project punctually，which turned out to be a great success.The moment I learned the news，I turned up in the hospital with some flowers，sharing the joy with my colleague，who showed congratulations and appreciation to me. more than... 　She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说他次日不想离开她，而且他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅是④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard-working than clever.与其说……不如说……(2)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(派对不仅仅是为了好玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.(应用文写作之邀请信)Unit2Iconic AttractionsⅠ.阅读单词1．iconic adj.符号的；图标的2．didgeridoo n．迪吉里杜管3．equator n．赤道4．barbecue n．(abbr.BBQ)户外烧烤；烤架5．butcher n．肉贩；屠夫；刽子手6．premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．总理；首相7．herb n．药草；香草；草本8．dim sim(特指澳大利亚的)点心9．hollow adj.中空的；空心的10．vibrate vt.& vi.(使)振动11．horn n．(乐器)号12．pitch n．音高13．slogan n．标语；口号14．prime minister首相；总理15．frog n．蛙；青蛙16．getaway n．适合度假的地方17．kayaking n．划皮艇18．domain n．领域；领土；范围19．liberty n．自由20．golf n．高尔夫球运动21．strait n．海峡22．monument n．纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹23．kiwi n．几维(新西兰鸟)24．geyser n．间歇泉25．sulphuric pool 硫黄池26．manuka honey 麦卢卡蜂蜜27．bungee jumping 蹦极跳28．geothermal park 地热公园29．pouch n．育儿袋；小袋子；荷包30．phase n．阶段；时期31．mammal n．哺乳动物Ⅱ.重点单词1．bakery n．面包(糕饼)店；面包厂2．joint n．公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节 adj.联合的；共同的3．straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的4．minister n．部长；大臣；外交使节5．arrow n．箭；箭头6．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利7．dive vi.& n．潜水；跳水；俯冲8．sponsor vt.倡议；赞助；主办 n．(法案等的)倡议者；赞助者9．sample n．样本；样品10．temporary adj.暂时的；短暂的11．trunk n．树干12．session n．一场；一段时间；会议13．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点14．hatch vi.孵出；破壳 vt.使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋15．fence n．栅栏；围栏16．prison n．监狱；监禁17．grand adj.大；宏大的Ⅲ.拓展单词1．foundation n．创建；基础；地基→found vt.创办；创建；建立→founder n．创建者；创始人2．political adj.政治的→politics n．政治；政治学→politician n．政治家；政客3．located adj.位于→locate vt.找出……的位置；把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)→location n．地点；位置4．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态→free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费的 vt.释放；使摆脱；解除5．distribution n．分布；分配；分发→distribute vt.分发；分配；分布6．licensed adj.得到正式许可的→license vt.批准；许可 n．(＝licence)许可证；执照7．frequency n．发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地8．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力；暴行→violently adv.粗暴地；强烈地9．biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj.生物学的→biologist n．生物学家10．capacity n．能力；容量→capable adj.有能力的；能干的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．persistence /pə'sIstəns/ n．坚持；锲而不舍→persistent /pə'sIstənt/ adj.执着的；持续的→persist /pə'sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持；执意2．conclusively /kən'kluːsIvli/ adv.不容置疑地→conclusive /kən'kluːsIv/ adj.结论性的；不容置疑的3．equivalent /I'kwIvələnt/ n．相等的东西；对应物 adj.相等的；相同的4．credibility /ˌkredə'bIləti/ n．可信性；可靠性5．reinforce /ˌriːIn'fɔːs/ vt.加强；加深；加固6．counsel /'kaʊnsl/ n．劝告；忠告；建议 vt.提供专业咨询；建议；劝告7．give forth详述；发表(著作、意见等)；发出(香味、声音等)8．diligence /'dIlIdʒəns/ n．勤奋；用功→diligent /'dIlIdʒənt/ adj.勤勉的；刻苦的9．wit /wIt/ n．(说话)机智风趣；说话风趣的人；颖悟力→witty /'wIti/ adj.机智的；言辞诙谐的10．subtle /'sʌtl/ adj.细微的；微妙的；巧妙的；敏锐的Ⅴ.背核心短语1．peak season高峰季节2．a flock of一群(羊或鸟)3．a handful of少数人(或物)；一把(的量)4．major in主修5．share sth with sb 和某人分享某物6．be native to源于……的；原产于；土生土长于7．learn about了解8．in contact with和……联系9．agree with同意；赞同10．make up组成；构成11．be against反对；违背；违反Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．I can’t wait to see all of them！(can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事)我迫不及待想见到所有这一切！2．Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground，among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。3．I tried to learn how to play it，but after trying for hours，I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument！(be convinced that...坚信/确信……)我试着学习吹奏方法，但经过好几个小时的努力，我只能确信我永远都无法用这个乐器发出乐声！4．It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.(either...or...要么……要么……)据说现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。5．The noise they made could wake the dead.(修辞手法之夸张)它们发出来的噪声可以吵醒死人。6．There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that！(There be＋n.＋定语从句)世界上只有很少的动物可以那样做！Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 located adj.处于；位于；坐落于[locate vt.找出……的位置；把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) location n．地点；位置](1)The location(locate) of the newly-built entertainment joint is close to the railway.(2)我们有三个室内活动室，位于校园的东边。We have three indoor activity rooms (which are) located in the east of our campus.(3)坐落在东海之滨，这个镇有着300多年的历史和20万人口。(话题写作之景点介绍)Located on the coast of the East China Sea，the town has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200,000. freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态(free adj.免费的；自由的；不受约束的 vt.使自由；解放；释放 freely adv.自由地；不受限制地)(1)Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom(free)．(2)最使我满意的是我可以自由地选择我喜欢的东西。What satisfies me most is that I am free to choose what I like.(3)那只蜂鸟刚被释放就在明亮的天空中自由地飞翔。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)The moment the hummingbird was set free，it flied freely in the bright sky.(4)除了丰富学校生活，冬季徒步旅行也让我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。Besides enriching the school life，the winter hiking also freed us students from the heavy work of study. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 　Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground，among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.他们的大多数乐器其实就是在地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器。(1)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one.(2)Whenever I encounter difficulties in English study，you always cheer me up and help me out，for which I am really grateful to you.(3)In 1963，the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purpose is to relieve worldwide starvation.(4)我积极参加了英语讲座，从中我充分了解了英国和美国的文化。I have actively attended English lectures，from which I have a good knowledge of British and American cultures.(5)这个旨在引起我们对环境保护的关注的活动提高了我们关爱大自然的意识。(aim)The activity，the aim of which is to draw our attention to environmental protection，raises our awareness of caring about nature.Unit3Sea ExplorationⅠ.阅读单词1．merchant n．商人；批发商 adj.海上货运的2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队3．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spice n．(调味)香料5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船11．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱13．coral n．珊瑚14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居15．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录16．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)18．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木19．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.重点单词1．tale n．故事；叙述2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道7．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税 n．税；税款9．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.拓展单词1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客3．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员4．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖6．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩7．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；具有；拥有10．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．tiptoe /'tIptəʊ/ n．脚尖 vi.踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走2．for sth’s sake 为某事本身的缘故；鉴于某事本身的价值3．disorder /dIs'ɔːdə(r)/ n．紊乱；混乱；骚乱4．excessive /Ik'sesIv/ adj.过度的；过多的5．all-round /ˌɔːl'raʊnd/ adj.全面的；全能的；多才多艺的6．obstacle /'ɒbstəkl/ n．障碍；障碍物7．accumulation /əˌkjuːmjə'leIʃn/ n．积累；聚积物8．devil /'devl/ n．魔鬼；恶魔9．compliment /'kɒmplImənt/ n．称赞；问候；致意 vt.赞美；钦佩10．bolster /'bəʊlstə(r)/ vt.改善；加强Ⅴ.背核心短语1．set sail 起航；开航2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚3．withdraw from 退出；撤回4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．search for寻找6．under the command of在……的指挥下7．in return for作为对……的回报8．for the benefit of为了……的好处/利益9．take action采取行动10．as well as也；又；还Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。2．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)中国已经在这些沿线地区的运输系统和服务上投入了数十亿美元，这将促进整个地区实现大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。3．...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is an urgent need to do sth 迫切需要做某事)……为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.(不定式作目的状语)为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.(so that引导目的状语从句)我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开 vi.& vt.持续，延续(extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extension n．延伸；扩大；延期)(1)If you are in need of a deadline extension(extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor.(2)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)(3)这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周以上。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活)These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，extending over a period of twenty-two weeks.Compared with last year’s course，the duration extends by two weeks.(4)我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之演讲稿)I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years. mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的)(1)The leader is such a merciful man and always has mercy on/upon those poor people but sometimes he can be merciless to bad persons.(用合适的介词或mercy的适当形式填空)(2)在失去引擎动力之后，这艘船只好任凭风暴摆布。Having lost engine power，the ship had to be at the mercy of the storm. possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配)(1)这款最新的笔记本电脑是汤姆的，也就是说汤姆拥有这款最新款的笔记本电脑。The latest laptop is in the possession of Tom，which means that Tom is in possession of the latest laptop.(2)幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of.(3)请记住，只有拥有良好的心态，你才能获得成功。Keep in mind that only if you possess/are possessed of a good state of mind will you attain success. in hand在手头；可供使用用hand的相关短语填空(1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go hand in hand.”(2)Having enough data in hand，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.(3)Meanwhile，you’d better keep a dictionary close at hand so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.(4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write by hand.(5)On the one hand，computers extend our vision；on the other (hand)，they also bring about some harmful problems.(6)Whenever I am in trouble，it is you who give me a hand without hesitation. so that引导目的状语从句 　We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。(1)下次你来我们的城市时，一定要提前给我打电话，以便我可以做一些必要的安排。Next time you visit our city，you must call me ahead of schedule so that I can make some necessary arrangements.(2)公共汽车坏了，我们不得不步行回家，这让我们怒火中烧。The bus broke down so that we had to walk home，which made us boil with anger.Unit4SharingⅠ.阅读单词1．jam n．果酱；堵塞2．clay n．黏土；陶土3．weed n．杂草；野草 vt.& vi.除杂草4．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片5．washroom n．洗手间；厕所6．bubble vi.起泡；沸腾7．tube n．管子；管状物8．circus n．马戏团9．jaw n．颌；下巴10．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)11．fireplace n．壁炉12．saucer n．茶碟；杯托13．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶14．pan n．平底锅；烤盘15．jar n．罐子；坛子16．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆17．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道18．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的 n．吃剩的食物；遗留物19．handshake n．握手20．plug vt.封堵；补足 n．堵塞物；插头；插座21．tune n．曲调；曲子 vt.调音；调节；调频道22．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约23．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的24．circuit n．巡回；环形线路25．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的Ⅱ.重点单词1．parcel n．包裹 vt.裹好；打包2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政 vt.邮寄；发电邮给3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的4．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团 vt.合唱；齐声说5．cotton n．棉布；棉花6．uniform n．校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的7．rigid adj.死板的；固执的8．shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分9．wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹10．forehead n．额；前额11．housing n．住房；住宅12．platform n．平台；站台；舞台13．drag vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动14．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权15．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去16．lately adv.最近；不久前；近来17．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入 vt.输入18．grant vt.同意；准许 n．拨款19．relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人20．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则21．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷Ⅲ.拓展单词1．dust n．沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub vt.& vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能6．deserve vt.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．consolidation /kənˌsɒlI'deIʃn/ n．巩固；加强→consolidate /kən'sɒlIdeIt/ vt.& vi.使加强；使巩固2．deprive /dI'praIv/ vt.剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有deprive ...of sth剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有3．dumb /dʌm/ adj.哑的；一时说不出话的；愚蠢的4．vague /veIɡ/ adj.含糊的；不详细的；茫然的5．linger /'lIŋɡə(r)/ vi.继续存留；逗留；拖延6．unconsciously /ʌn'kɒnʃəsli/ adv.无意地；不知不觉地→conscious /'kɒnʃəs/ adj.意识到的；神志清醒的；刻意的→consciousness /'kɒnʃəsnəs/ n．清醒状态；意识；观念7．tangible /'tændʒəbl/ adj.有形的；真实的；可触摸的；可感知的→intangible /In'tændʒəbl/ adj.难以形容(或理解)的；不易度量的；无形的8．tense /tens/ adj.令人紧张的；焦虑不安的；绷紧的9．grope /ɡrəʊp/ vi.& vt.摸索；摸索着走grope one’s way toward(s) 摸索着朝……走10．dash /dæʃ/ vt.& vi.猛掷；猛击；猛冲 n．猛冲；匆忙Ⅴ.背核心短语1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说3．take...for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视4．relay to 转达给……；转发给……5．pray that 但愿6．be dying to do sth 渴望做某事7．adapt to适应8．the other day前几天9．shake hands with sb 和某人握手10．participate in参与；参加Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.(It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间)沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。2．There is no equipment，and since there isn’t even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin！(since引导原因状语从句)这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要用水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！3．The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！(be doing...when...正在做……这时……)几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！4．To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.(doubt whether...)说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来不同。5．Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.(部分倒装)现在，有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 drag vt.拖；拉；扯 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动(1)The chemist with a wrinkled face dragged(drag) the dusty parcel from under the bed and unfolded it.(2)这位父亲站起来，凝视着他儿子的眼睛，把手窝成杯状托住儿子的脸。The father stood up，gazed in the eyes of his son and cupped his hands over his son’s face.(3)汤姆打开车门，将司机拽出来，把他送到警察局。(读后续写之动作链描写)Tom opened the car door，dragged/drew/pulled the driver out and sent him to the police station.(4)他摊开双手，耸了耸肩膀，表示他刚才没有把手伸进我的钱包。He spread his hands and shrugged his shoulders，indicating that he didn’t slide his hands into my wallet just now.(5)她如此羞愧，以至于她用双手捂住脸，感觉血液涌上脸庞。So ashamed was she that she put her hands to her cheeks/buried her face with her hands，feeling blood rush to her face. privilege n．特权；优惠待遇；荣幸 v．给予特权；特别优待(privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的)(1)I take it for granted that I have the privilege to enter(enter) the lab at my will.(2)在这儿做有关如何保护环境的演讲，我倍感荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)I am greatly privileged to/It is a great privilege for me to deliver a speech on how to protect the environment here. resign v．辞职；辞去(1)My partner，with whom I have worked for ten years，resigned from the league and went abroad.(2)据报道，由于健康状况不佳，首相将辞职。It is reported that the prime minister will resign his post because of his poor health condition.(3)我们可以从她的故事中得出一个结论：只要我们不向困难和不幸屈服，就有成功的可能。We can draw a conclusion from her story that as long as we don’t resign ourselves to difficulties and misfortune，there will be possibility to succeed. deserve vi.& vt.应受；应得；值得(deserving adj.值得的；应得的)(1)The money saved could be used for more deserving(deserve) causes.(2)自习室的确值得体验，因此，请接受我真诚的邀请。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)The self-study room does deserve experiencing/to be experienced，so please accept my sincere invitation.(3)看看你车上厚厚的灰尘。它真的需要清洗了。Look at the thick dust over your car.It really needs/wants/requires washing/to be washed. since引导原因状语从句　There is no equipment，and since there isn’t even a washroom，if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin! 这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要用水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！(1)我相信这个节日一定会让你更好地了解中国传统文化，因为你一直对它很感兴趣。I’m confident that this festival will surely enable you to gain a better insight into traditional Chinese culture since you always have a keen interest in it.(2)自从我大学毕业后，我一直梦想着环游世界。Since I graduated from university，I have been dreaming of traveling all over the world.(3)让我沮丧的是从那以后，我就再没收到过他的来信。What upsets me is that I have not heard from him since.Unit5Launching Your CareerⅠ.阅读单词1．aptitude n．天资；天赋2．scenario n．设想；方案；预测3．assemble vt.组装；装配 vi.& vt.收集；聚集；集合4．a chest of drawers 抽屉柜5．hydrogen n．氢；氢气6．radium n．镭7．wrist n．手腕；腕关节8．bridegroom n．新郎9．geometry n．几何学；几何图形10．code n．代码；密码 vt.编码；把……译成密码11．orient vt.使适应；使面对；确定方向12．graphic n．图表；图形；图画 adj.绘画的；图案的13．estate n．庄园；住宅区；工业区14．(real) estate agent 房地产经纪人15．entrepreneur n．创业者；企业家16．CV(NAmE résumé) n．简历；履历17．communist adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者18．fox n．狐狸；狡猾的人19．council n．委员会；市政服务机构20．canal n．运河；灌溉渠21．supervise vt.& vi.主管；指导；监督22．disk n．磁盘；盘23．knit vt.& vi.编织；针织；(使)紧密结合 n．编织的衣服；针织衫24．intermediate adj.中级的；中等的；中间的25．proficiency n．熟练；娴熟；精通26．flea collar灭蚤颈圈Ⅱ.重点单词1．bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起；上下晃动 n．弹性；弹跳；活力2．drawer n．抽屉3．breast n．乳房；胸部4．debt n．债务；欠款5．profile n．简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt.扼要介绍；概述；写简介6．spy n．密探；间谍 vi.从事间谍活动 vt.突然看见；发现7．justice n．公平；公正；合理8．accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责9．greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的10．handwriting n．书法；书写；笔迹11．parking n．停车位；停车12．camel n．骆驼13．fry n．油煎的食物 vt.& vi.油炸；油炒；油煎14．purse n．钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)15．sew vi.& vt.(sewed，sewn/sewed)缝制；缝；做针线活16．cage n．笼子 vt.关在笼子里17．collar n．(动物)颈圈；衣领18．receipt n．收据；接收19．certificate n．合格证书；证明20．desert n．沙漠；荒漠21．acquire vt.获得；购得Ⅲ.拓展单词1．lawyer n．律师→law n．法律2．categorise vt.把……分类(加以归类)→category n．种类；范畴3．participant n．参与者；参加者→participate vi.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与4．detective n．侦探；警探→detect vt.侦察出；发现5．accountant n．会计；会计师→account n．账目；账户；叙述 v．视为；解释6．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待；欢迎；招待会→receive vt.收到；接纳7．socialist adj.社会主义的 n．社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会；协会8．dedicate vt.把……奉献给→dedicated adj.献身的；专心致志的→dedication n．献身；奉献9．wool n．毛；毛线；毛料→woolen(＝woollen) adj.羊毛制的；毛线的10．priority n．优先事项；首要的事；优先→prior adj.先前的；优先的11．finance n．资金；财政；金融 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的；金融的→financially adv.财政上；金融上12．employer n．雇主；老板→employ vt.雇用；运用→employee n．受雇者；雇员→employment n．雇用；聘用；就业Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．spout /spaʊt/ n．(容器的)嘴；(喷出的)水柱 vi.& vt.喷出；喋喋不休地说2．disclose /dIs'kləʊz/ vt.(formal) 揭露；透露；公开3．squeeze /skwiːz/ vi.& vt.挤；捏4．debut (also début) /'deIbjuː/ n．& vi.(演员、运动员的)首次亮相；初次登台make one’s debut首次亮相5．ponder /'pɒndə(r)/ vi.& vt.沉思；仔细考虑6．discard /dIs'kɑːd/ vt.扔掉；抛弃7．convict /kən'vIkt/ vt.定罪convict sb of宣判某人有(某)罪8．scan /skæn/ vt.审视 vi.& vt.粗略地读；扫描(文件)9．remedy /'remədi/ n．解决方法；补偿；治疗 vt.改正；纠正；改进10．undertake /ˌʌndə'teIk/ vt.(undertook /-'tʊk/，undertaken /-'teIkən/)承担；从事；承诺Ⅴ.背核心短语1．bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去2．head start 起步前的优势3．come to a conclusion 得出结论4．attend to 关怀；照料；处理5．make choices做出选择6．provide sb with sth 提供给某人某物7．be used to do sth 被用来做某事8．be based on基于；以……为基础9．in conclusion总之10．focus on集中于；聚焦于11．think about考虑12．a variety of各种各样的Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．This，however，is not always easy.(部分否定)然而，这并不总是那么容易。2．You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”(wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气)你不会想在多年之后回顾过去时说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。”3．The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.(动名词短语作表语)职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。4．The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen，I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.(the first time引导时间状语从句)当我第一次看到水分解成氧和氢的过程时，我被化学的魅力深深吸引了。5．I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.(疑问词＋不定式)我已经当了两年的校乒乓球队队长，因此我知道如何领导他人并按事情的轻重缓急作出决定。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 debt n．债务；欠款(1)The real estate agent was dedicated to working day and night so that he could pay off his debt as soon as possible.(2)我突然想起我家负债的事实，因此我放下我最爱的玩具往家跑去，希望我辛苦挣的钱可以帮助爸爸不再负债。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)The fact that my family was in debt occurred to me，so I dropped my favorite toy and ran towards my home，hoping that my hard-earned money could help my father stay out of debt. accuse vt.控告；控诉；谴责 (accusation n．指责；控告)(1)The lawyer made an accusation(accuse) that the greedy estate agent cheated his customers.(2)你有没有遇到过你的选手被指控在比赛中作弊的案例？Have you ever come across the cases where your players were accused of/charged with cheating in the competition?(3)被指责打碎了她母亲最喜欢的花瓶，女孩羞愧地站在那里，低着头。Accused of/Charged with breaking her mother’s favorite vase，the girl stood there，her head hung in shame. greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的 (greed n．贪婪；贪心 greedily adv.贪婪地)(1)The greedy inn owner took possession of the customer’s belongings greedily.But soon his greed was paid heavily.(greed) (2)I am writing to you eagerly because I am greedy for the chance to improve my English through the activity.→Greedy for the chance to improve my English through the activity，I am writing to you eagerly.(形容词短语作状语)(3)每次我们经过糖果店，我儿子都会贪婪地看着那些五颜六色的糖果。Each time we passed the candy store，my son would look at the colorful candies with greedy eyes. dedicate v．把……奉献给(dedication n．奉献；献身 dedicated adj.献身的；专心致志的)(1)My English teacher，Miss Miller，a warm-hearted teacher，has acquired general praise and admiration for her great dedication(dedicate) and commitment to the teaching cause.(2)只有致力于你所追求的东西，才能梦想成真。Only if you dedicate yourself to/are dedicated to what you are pursuing will you make your dream come true. wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 　You don’t want to look back in years to come and say，“I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”你不会想在多年之后回顾过去时说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。”(1)我的头脑里有几个方案在蹦来蹦去，我的确希望现在可以决定一个。With several scenarios bouncing around in my mind，I do wish that I decided on one now.(2)我希望在即将到来的高考中，我不会辜负父母和老师的期望。I wish I would live up to the expectations of my parents and teachers in the coming college entrance examination.(3)我站在那里，默默地流着悔恨的泪水，我希望我没对爸爸说如此刻薄的话。(读后续写之悔恨心理描写)I stood there，shedding tears of regret in silence and I wished that I hadn’t said such sharp words to my father.·be guilty of犯有……罪be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧·a sense of guilt愧疚感declare sb/sth to be/as宣布……为……declare for/against宣称支持/反对……declare war on/against...对……宣战declare...open/closed宣布……开始/结束·have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事·urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事urge that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用；承担take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留take up占去；占据；开始从事take sth for granted 认为……是理所当然的turn down拒绝；关小；调低turn in上交turn over翻身；移交turn to求助于；转向turn up出现；调高·more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only。more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。·more A than B 与其说B不如说Abe located in/on/at位于；坐落于be free to do sth 自由做某事set...free使……获得自由；释放……free from/of...不受……影响的；无……的当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指人，用“介词＋whom”；如果指物，用“介词＋which”。·另外，whose也可放在介词后构成“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。·该句式中介词的选用可根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的搭配或根据语意确定。extend...to...向……提供/给予……extend to延长到extend by延长了·show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕at the mercy of...任由……摆布·be merciful to...对……仁慈·take possession of (表动作)占有；拥有in possession of (表状态)具有；拥有in the possession of被……拥有；归……所有·be possessed of sth具有(某种品质或特征)at hand近在手边；在附近by hand手工，用手的hand in hand手挽手；密切关联on the one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)give sb a hand 帮助……；施以援手·本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。·so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。读后续写之手部肢体动作：drag/draw/pull拉；cup one’s hands over...把手窝成杯状；slide one’s hands into...将手伸进……；put one’s hands to one’s cheeks/bury one’s face with one’s hands双手掩面；spread one’s hands摊开双手·It is a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有特权做某事·be privileged to do sth 有幸做某事resign from...从……辞职resign as...辞去……的职务resign oneself to (doing) sth听任/顺从/只好接受……deserve sth 值得/应得某事/某物deserve doing/to be done值得被……(此处用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似用法的动词还有：need，want，require等)deserve it(口语)活该；自作自受·since用作连词，可引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，既然”，侧重大家已知的事实；也可引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”，主句谓语动词为延续性动词且多用现在完成时。·since作介词，意为“从……以来；自……以后”，后接名词或代词。·since作副词，意为“从那时以后；后来”。in debt负债out of debt不欠债pay off one’s debt还清某人的欠款或债务accuse sb of (doing) sth/charge sb with (doing) sth 控告/指责某人(做)某事the accused被告be greedy for sth 对……贪婪/渴望be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事dedicate sth to...把……奉献给……dedicate oneself to＝ be dedicated to献身于……；致力于……wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；对将来发生的事表示祝愿或愿望，从句谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”。