人教版高中英语必修三全册知识点总结

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人教版高中英语必修三全册知识点总结（教师版）Unit1 Festivals and CelebrationsⅠ.阅读单词1．lantern n．灯笼；提灯2．carnival n．狂欢节；嘉年华3．costume n．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装4．riddle n．谜语；神秘事件5．samba n．桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲6．make-up n．化妆品；性格；构成方式7．evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行8．commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的9．commercialise(NAmE also -ize)vt.使商业化；利用……牟利10．commercialisation(NAmE also -ization)n.商业化11．Christmas carol圣诞颂歌12．Merry Christmas！圣诞快乐！13．pudding n．布丁；(餐末的)甜食14．mashed potatoes土豆泥15．turkey n．火鸡；火鸡肉16．roast turkey烤火鸡肉17．autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的18．region n．地区；区域；地带19．wrestling n．摔跤运动20．wrestle vi.& vt.摔跤；奋力对付21．wrestler n．摔跤运动员22．archery n．射箭术；射箭运动23．robe n．袍服；礼袍24．eagle n．雕25．grace n．优美；优雅；高雅26．pot n．罐；壶；锅Ⅱ.重点单词1．march vi.& n．行进；前进；示威游行2．ceremony n．典礼；仪式3．range n．一系列；范围，界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化4．figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定5．harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成 vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)6．crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成7．gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割8．feature vt.以……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点9．church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂10．fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱11．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的12．firecracker n．鞭炮；爆竹13．medium n．(pl.media)媒介；手段；方法 adj.中等的；中号的14．the media大众传播媒介15．atmosphere n．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)16．lunar adj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的17．eve n．前夕；前一天18．envelope n．信封；塑料封套19．pumpkin n．南瓜20．roast adj.烤的；焙的 vi.& vt.烘烤；焙21．firework n．烟火；烟花；[pl.]烟花表演22．inner adj.内部的；里面的；内心的23．fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是24．absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地25．moment n．片刻；瞬间26．tent n．帐篷27．brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的28．branch n．树枝；分支；支流29．wedding n．婚礼；结婚庆典30．clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声Ⅲ.拓展单词1．congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜→congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪2．origin n．起源；起因；出身→original adj.最初的；原创的→originally adv.本来；原来3．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的4．charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语 v．吸引，迷住；向……施魔法→charmed adj.着迷的→charming adj.有魅力的；迷人的5．joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的→joyfully adv.开心地6．gratitude n．感激之情；感谢→grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的7．agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产)的→agriculture n．农业；农艺8．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n．装饰；装潢9．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n．重要性，意义；意思，含义10．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→reflection n．倒影；反映；思考11．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→believe vt.相信→believable adj.可以相信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的12．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithful adj.忠诚的；虔诚的→faithfully adv.虔诚地13．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶然的，偶尔的→occasionally adv.偶尔；间或14．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地15．pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→please vt.使满意；使愉快→pleasure n．愉快；令人高兴的事16．frank adj.坦率的；直率的→frankly adv.坦率地；直率地17．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→representative n．代表 adj.有代表性的18．respect n．& vt.尊敬；尊重→respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的；相当好的19．horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→horror n．畏惧；憎恶；震惊Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．derive /dI'raIv/ vt.从……衍生出；来自2．wrecked /rekt/ adj.失事的；遇难的；喝得烂醉→wreck /rek/ n．沉船；受到严重损伤的人、物或建筑 v．破坏；毁坏；毁灭3．obscure /əb'skjʊə(r)/ vt.使模糊；使隐晦；使费解 adj.费解的；无名的4．mutually /'mjuːtʃuəli/ adv.相互地；彼此；共同地→mutual /'mjuːtʃuəl/ adj.相互的；彼此的；共同的5．vitality /vaI'tæləti/ n．生命力；活力；热情6．stimulus /'stImjələs/ n．(pl.stimuli /'stImjəlaI/)刺激物；激励物7．defect /'diːfekt/ n．缺点；缺陷；毛病 /dI'fekt/ vi.背叛；叛变；投敌8．diagnose /'daIəɡnəʊz；ˌdaIəɡ'nəʊz/ vt.& vi.诊断(疾病)；判断(问题的原因)9．essence /'esns/ n．本质；实质；香精10．solely /'səʊlli/ adv.仅；只；唯；单独地Ⅴ.背核心短语1．dress (sb) up穿上盛装；装扮2．after all毕竟；别忘了3．range from...to...包括从……到……之间4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱5．in spite of不管；尽管6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜7．have sth in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征8．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说9．go off爆炸；走火；离开10．except for除……之外11．set off出发；动身；启程Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals.(no matter how引导让步状语从句)然而，无论节日多么迥异，在世界各地，分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神在所有节日中是共同的。2．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.(it作形式宾语)购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。3．I saw a lot of people wearing fancy Mongolian robes.(see sb doing)我看到许多人身着华丽的蒙古袍。4．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.(because引导表语从句)我听说这是因为儿童体重更轻，马儿才能跑得更快、更远。5．That was the moment I started to understand why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture”．(why引导宾语从句)我顿时明白了为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”了。6．I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)我现在终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但能和我的朋友一起庆祝那达慕，再累也是值得的。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜；(pl.)贺词 [congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪](1)I am writing a letter of congratulation(congratulate) to my monitor on his being elected as chairman of the student council.(应用文写作之祝贺信)(2)我衷心祝贺你在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。(应用文写作之祝贺信)I’d like to sincerely congratulate you on/offer my sincere congratulations to you on your winning first place in the English Speech Competition. range n．一系列；范围，界限；种类；山脉 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化(1)When driving on highways，the driver should control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.(2)随着这个体育场的落成，各种体育赛事得以举行，包括从乒乓球、足球到赛跑等。With the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held，which range from/ranging from ping-pong，football to running competitions. grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的 (gratitude n．感激之情；感谢)(1)I am grateful for the opportunity to learn something new and I look forward to applying these skills in the future.(2023·全国乙，书面表达)(2)I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratitude(grateful) for what you have done for me.(应用文写作之感谢信)(3)如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)I would be grateful if you could take my application into consideration. significant adj.有重大意义的；重要的；显著的 (significance n．重要性；重要意义)(1)By participating in this activity，I have become aware of the significance(significant) of showing respect to the old.(2)总之，在线学习对我们的学业发展很重要。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)All in all，online learning is of great significance/is very significant to our academic development.(3)随着越来越多的人重视海洋保护，该市开展了广泛的志愿活动来保护海洋。(话题写作之环境保护)With more and more people attaching importance to ocean protection/As more and more people attach importance to ocean protection，a wide range of voluntary activities have been held in the city to protect the ocean. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 (typically adv.典型地；具有代表性地；通常)(1)To be frank，both of us have the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors.(2)我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心，我从来没有见她因为我们听不懂而生气。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)It’s typical of our maths teacher to be very patient with us.Never have I seen her get angry because we can’t understand what she says.(3)此外，你还有机会学习如何包饺子，这是典型的中国习俗。(话题写作之传统文化)In addition，you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings，which is a typical Chinese custom. reflect vi.认真思考 vt.反映；反射；显示 (reflection n．思考；映射；反射；倒影)(1)With the sun fading away below the horizon，he was lost in reflection(reflect) again.(2)重要的不是故事本身，而是故事中反映的寓意。It is not the story itself but the moral that is reflected in the story that counts.(3)大卫低着头，静静地坐在地上，反思我刚才对他说的话。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)①David lowered his head，sat on the ground quietly and reflected on what I said to him just now.②David lowered his head and sat on the ground quietly，reflecting on what I said to him just now.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会 (occasional adj.偶然的，偶尔的；临时的 occasionally adv.有时；偶尔)(1)Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally(occasion) make salads for their entire schools.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)(2)It’s helpful to put children in an occasion where they can see themselves differently.(3)The Mid-Autumn Festival is a special occasion when all families get together，admiring the moon and enjoying mooncakes.(4)每个人都会偶尔发脾气，但是你决不能对她说如此刻薄的话。①Everyone can lose his/her temper on occasion，but you should on no occasion say such mean words to her.②Everyone can lose his/her temper on occasion/occasionally，but on no occasion should you say such mean words to her.(用倒装句改写)用法点拨　occasion作先行词，其后跟定语从句时，表示“时刻”，应用关系副词when引导；表示“场合”，应用关系副词where引导。 respect vt.& n．尊敬；尊重；敬意；方面 (respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的，得体的 respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的 respectively adv.各自；分别)(1)It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively(respect) 65% and 50%.(应用文写作之图表作文)(2)当你回到家乡时，请一定代我问候你的父母。Do give my respects to your parents when you return to your hometown.(3)这种工作能让你珍惜自己赚来的钱，并尊重劳动人民。That was the sort of job that made you appreciate the dollars and have/show respect for the laboring people.(4)在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)In many respects of our life，there are always respectable people.With respect to/In respect of the person I respect most，I have to mention my maths teacher. it作形式宾语 　Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。(1)We always take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.(2)While working，I found it was hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019·北京，书面表达)→While working，I found it hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.(用it作形式宾语改写)(3)我认为试图说服他没有用，他是一个如此固执的人。(人物描写)I consider it no use trying to persuade him—he is such a stubborn person.(4)正如你在短视频中看到的，口语俱乐部的成员把每天用英语彼此交流当成一种习惯。(2022·天津3月，书面表达)As you see in the short video clip，the members of Spoken English Club make it a rule to communicate with each other in English on a daily basis.Unit2 Morals and VirtuesⅠ.阅读单词1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境3．moral dilemma道德困境4．entrust vt.委托；交付5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课6．tuition fees学费7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生8．resident physician住院医师9．colleague n．同事；同僚10．faraway adj.遥远的11．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园12．insurance n．保险；保险业13．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进14．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播15．pole n．(行星的)极；地极16．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈17．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆18．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者19．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的20．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具21．maple n．枫树；槭树22．cart n．手推车；运货马车23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出24．might n．力量；威力25．fable n．寓言；寓言故事Ⅱ.重点单词1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图4．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的5．fee n．专业服务费；报酬6．union n．协会；联合会；工会7．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部9．decade n．十年；十年期10．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处11．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版12．staff n．员工；全体职员13．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则14．passive adj.被动的；顺从的15．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传16．midnight n．子夜；午夜17．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤18．lip n．嘴唇19．chairman n．主席；主持人；董事长20．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条21．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走22．tear n．眼泪；泪水23．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭25．income n．收入；收益26．per prep.每；每一27．therefore adv.因此；所以Ⅲ.拓展单词1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry v．(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程；少校3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选9．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→tendency n．趋势；趋向10．retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的11．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→save vt.救；节省；储蓄12．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的13．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使提高14．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量15．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→replacement n．更换；更替；替换的人/物16．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地17．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术；经营；操作；运转→operator n．操作员；接线员；经营者18．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助19．memory n．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)e vt.记住；记忆20．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的21．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n．灵活性22．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tense adj.紧张的；(尤指肌肉、身体)拉紧的 n．(动词的)时态Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．exclude /Ik'skluːd/ vt.把……排斥在外；防止……进入；不包括；排除2．hatred /'heItrId/ n．仇恨；憎恨；厌恶3．marvellous (NAmE marvelous) /'mɑːvələs/ adj.极好的；非凡的4．underlying /ˌʌndə'laIIŋ/ adj.隐含的；潜在的5．depict /dI'pIkt/ vt.描述；描写；描绘6．temptation /temp'teIʃn/ n．引诱；诱惑(物)7．beloved /bI'lʌvId/ adj.钟爱的；深受喜爱的 n．心爱的人8．flaw /flɔː/ n．错误；缺点；裂痕9．discouraged /dIs'kʌrIdʒd/ adj.泄气的；心灰意冷的→discourage /dIs'kʌrIdʒ/ vt.使灰心；使泄气；阻拦10．prompt /prɒmpt/ vt.促使；导致 adj.立即的；迅速的；敏捷 n．(给演员的)提词，提示Ⅴ.背核心短语1．carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关2．tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事3．first aid急救4．pass away去世5．in memory of作为对……的纪念6．trip over被……绊倒7．in tears流着泪；含着泪8．in despair处于绝望中9．a great deal (of) 大量10．choose to do sth选择做某事11．care for喜欢；照顾12．succeed in doing sth成功地做某事13．be responsible for为……负责14．make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；努力做某事Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life...(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……2．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。3．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(having done作状语)虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died,22 April 1983.(not...until...)林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.(whose引导的定语从句)如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应 (response n．回答；回复；反应)(1)The union made no response(respond) to my application for a scholarship，which made me in despair.(2)我写信是为了回应你上一封信，在信中你要我就如何策划以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动提供建议。(2023·北京，书面表达)I am writing in response to your last letter asking me for advice on how to plan a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”．(3)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)Every time I asked him for advice，he would respond to/make a response to me immediately. appoint vt.任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；任命；预约；委任 appointed adj.约定的；指定的)(1)I have something urgent to handle and therefore，I will appoint my brother to meet(meet) you at the airport.(2)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learning that you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you.(3)很抱歉我不能陪你去书店，因为我已经预约了牙医。I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore，for I have made an appointment with my dentist. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向)(1)There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.(2)我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信)I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses who tended my mother carefully after the operation.(3)虽然我不愿意承认，但人们最初往往倾向于根据外表来评判一个人。While I hate to admit it，people tend/have a tendency to judge a person by his or her appearance initially. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 (scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的)(1)After watching a scary(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared of walking home alone and therefore，she called a taxi.(2)新年期间的一个习俗是燃放烟花，据说这是为了吓跑年兽。One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off fireworks，which is said to scare away/off the monster Nian.(3)当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death.(4)意识到自己的错误后，我胆怯地低下了头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)Having realized my mistake，I bowed my head timidly, scared to look at my father’s cloudy face.(形容词短语作状语) assist vt.帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理)(1)I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop assistant who came to my assistance when I fainted in your shop.(assist)(2)作为对你上封信的回复，我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先，我会帮你改正你的发音。(应用文写作之回复求助信)In response to your last letter，I make sure that I will assist you with/in your oral English.Firstly，I will assist you to correct your pronunciation.(3)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。It was with your generous assistance that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council.(强调句式) harm n．& vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的)(1)The physician says that the medicine is harmful to children but harmless(harm) to adults.(2)沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙，书面表达)Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health. Therefore，there is no harm (in) getting rid of it. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 　To a person nothing is more precious than their life...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……(1)The judge exclaimed，“Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a better(good) one.”(2)对我们来说，没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写之升华句)To us，nothing is more important than passing on kindness to those in trouble.(3)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)“I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one！” the mother responded excitedly. the＋序数词＋n.＋to do　She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。(1)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.(2)我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding.(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(应用文写作之申请信)I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study.There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.(4)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)John was the first person to think of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability to help Bernard out of the difficulty.Unit3Diverse CulturesⅠ.阅读单词1．fortune cookie幸运曲奇2．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤)3．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片4．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片5．cheese n．干酪；奶酪6．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的7．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的8．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画9．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的10．immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨11．china n．瓷；瓷器12．jazz n．爵士乐13．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子14．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图15．Atlantic adj.大西洋的16．jeans n．牛仔裤17．boot n．靴子18．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈19．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件20．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品21．tai chi 太极拳22．herbal adj.药草的；香草的Ⅱ.重点单词1．definitely adv.肯定；确实2．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心3．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命4．district n．地区；区域5．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来6．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物8．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言9．series n．一系列；连续；接连10．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱11．super adv.特别；格外 adj.顶好的；超级的12．percentage n．百分率；百分比13．climate n．气候14．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的15．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的16．clothing n．衣服；服装17．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)18．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的Ⅲ.拓展单词1．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性2．fortune n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地3．admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费4．occur vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；发生的事5．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的6．earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earning n．收入；收益7．select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；有选择的8．minority n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.次要的；较小的9．financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→financially adv.金融上地；财政上地→finance n．财政；金融10．poetry n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌11．poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poison n．毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害12．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小；(可)叠平→unfold vt.打开；展开13．collection n．作品集；收集物；收藏品→collect vt.搜集；收藏14．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→settlement n．解决；定居→settler n．殖民者；移居者15．construction n．建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建设；建造16．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装→suitable adj.合适的；适当的→suitably adv.合适地17．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→container n．容器Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．proverb /'prɒvɜːb/ n．谚语；格言2．fulfilling /fʊl'fIlIŋ/ adj.让人感觉有意义的；令人满足的→fulfil /fʊl'fIl/ vt.实现；履行；符合3．potent /'pəʊtnt/ adj.强大的；强有力的；有强效的4．idleness /'aIdlnəs/ n．闲散状态→idle /'aIdl/ adj.闲散的 vt.& vi.混时间；闲荡5．disheartening /dIs'hɑːtnIŋ/ adj.令人沮丧的6．nonetheless /ˌnʌnðə'les/ adv.(also none the less)尽管如此7．seminar /'semInɑː(r)/ n．研讨课；研讨会8．stem /stem/ vt.阻止；封堵；遏止 n．(花草的)茎；(花或叶的)梗9．confess /kən'fes/ vi.& vt.承认；坦白；供认10．divorce /dI'vɔːs/ vi.& vt.离婚；使分离 n．离婚；分离Ⅴ.背核心短语1．head to (朝……)前进；(向……)去2．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界3．earn a living谋生4．series of一系列或一连串(事件)5．apart from (especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外6．bring about导致；引起7．to name but a few仅举几例8．(at) first hand第一手；亲自9．used to do sth 过去常常做某事10．turn into变成Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(what引导的感叹句)多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市。2．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills...(独立主格结构)这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅……3．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(不定式作目的状语)为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店、开餐馆。4．The museum did a really good job of showing how America was built by immigrants from different countries and cultures.(how引导的宾语从句)这家博物馆完美地展示了美国是如何由不同国家和文化的移民建设起来的。5．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导的主语从句)这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成一个中华文化中心。6．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently.(“代词/名词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱；财富；命运 [fortunate adj.幸运的(＝lucky) fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily) misfortune n．不幸 unfortunate adj.不幸的](1)Many immigrants headed to California to seek their fortune(fortunate) but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.(2)他决定到市区去碰碰运气，看看能不能发财。他有幸得到了市长的帮助，并且幸运地成功开办了自己的公司。He decided to seek/try his fortune downtown to see if/whether he could make a fortune.He had the good fortune to/was fortunate to get the help of the mayor and successfully started his own business fortunately/luckily. admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入) (admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费)(1)It is said that admission(admit) to the concert is ￡ 5 and as a result，I determine to enjoy it.(2)The boy admitted cheating/having cheated(cheat) in the examination and sincerely apologized to his teacher.→The boy admitted that he had cheated in the examination and sincerely apologized/made a sincere apology to his teacher.(3)只有达到特定标准的人才可以参加奥运会。Only those who have reached the specific standard can be admitted to be the competitors in the Olympics.(4)得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you. escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；泄漏；避开；被忘掉 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 (escaped adj.逃跑了的)(1)It was claimed that a prisoner had escaped from the prison，which shocked the public.(2)You are fortunate enough to escape being killed(kill) in the accident and the escaped(escape) driver has been arrested.(3)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地躲过了饥饿的北极熊的伤害。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.(4)这个女孩看起来很面熟，但不知怎么的，我忘了她的名字。The girl looks quite familiar，but her name escapes me somehow. settle vi.定居；安家 vt.使定居；(使)平静下来；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷) (settlement n．定居；协议；解决settler n．移居者；殖民者)(1)The moment the settlers(settle) landed on the continent，they settled down to earning(earn) their living in diverse ways.(2)我很荣幸看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。(2023·新课标Ⅱ)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.(3)他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，舒适地坐在草地上，欣赏着周围令人惊叹的景象。(读后续写之动作链描写)They dashed out of the car，put up the tent and settled down on the grass，enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights. bring about引起；导致用bring短语的正确形式填空(1)I don’t clearly remember who brought up the question but remember it definitely brought about a heated discussion.(2)The reason why diverse goods are sold at such a low price is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down the price in return for big volume purchases.(3)The picture often brings back to me series of happy memories of my high school days.(4)The idea he brought up two months ago has brought in a lot more money for the bar.(5)As a teacher，I have the good fortune to bring out the best in my students. 独立主格结构　There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills...这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅……(1)我紧张地看着爸爸，双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。(读后续写之心理描写)I looked at my father nervously，my legs trembling and my heart beating wildly.(2)心中有梦想，我坚信你会成功的。Dreams in mind，I am firmly convinced that you will make it in the end.(3)她抬起头，悲伤地盯着我，眼泪夺眶而出。(读后续写之动作描写)She raised her head and stared at me sorrowfully，tears welling up in her eyes.Unit4 Space ExplorationⅠ.阅读单词1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续3．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹5．gravity n．重力；引力6．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆8．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星9．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行10．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人11．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过12．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处13．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送14．data n．[pl.]资料；数据15．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间16．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器17．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的18．solar system太阳系；类太阳系19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的20．soap n．肥皂21．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉22．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织23．facility n．设施；设备24．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的25．high-end adj.高端的26．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫27．pillow n．枕头28．smartphone n．智能手机29．closing adj.结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭Ⅱ.重点单词1．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市2．mankind n．人类3．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志4．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用5．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力6．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流7．otherwise adv.否则；要不然8．beyond prep.在更远处；超出9．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮10．towel n．毛巾；抹布11．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的12．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的13．pattern n．模式；图案；模范14．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控15．resource n．资源；财力；物力16．oxygen n．氧；氧气Ⅲ.拓展单词1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上地2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧3．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断4．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧5．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的6．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠7．lack vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的8．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的9．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点10．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析11．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的12．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制13．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的14．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．accustomed /ə'kʌstəmd/ adj.习惯于；通常的2．cherish /'tʃerIʃ/ vt.抱有(信念、希望)；怀念；珍爱3．exhausted /Iɡ'zɔːstId/ adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的4．whatsoever /ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/ adv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)5．spontaneous /spɒn'teIniəs/ adj.自发的；自然的6．unprecedented /ʌn'presIdentId/ adj.前所未有的；空前的7．earnest /'ɜːnIst/ adj.非常认真的；真诚的8．invade /In'veId/ vi.& vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯9．surrender /sə'rendə(r)/ vi.& vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出 n．投降；屈服；屈从10．capture /'kæptʃə(r)/ n．(被)捕获；(被)俘获 vt.俘虏；俘获；捕获Ⅴ.背核心短语1．carry on继续做，坚持干2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望4．so as to (do sth)为了；以便5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．result in导致；造成7．as a result所以；结果(是)8．provide for sb 提供生活所需9．in closing最后10．run out用完；耗尽Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。2．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...)把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(现在分词作前置定语)因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt.使失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n．失望，沮丧)(1)Although being monitored can be frustrating and disappointing(disappoint)，it turns out that this can actually be good for you.(2)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)①What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)②They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt，which made them disappointed/which disappointed them.(用定语从句改写) desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望 (desirable adj.值得做的)(1)The boy has a strong desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.(2)We desire that such meaningful activities (should) be held(hold) on a regular basis.(3)得知你有强烈的学好汉语的愿望，我写信给你一些实用的建议。(应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well，I am writing to offer your some practical suggestions. lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)(1)For lack of sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.(2)一些学生可能会觉得与不熟悉的人一起练习不舒服，这可能会导致缺乏参与，阻碍他们在课程中的进步。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don’t know well，which could result in a lack of participation and hinder their progress in the course.(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)①Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.②Though lacking (in) cooking experience，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写) argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证 (argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)(1)It is beyond argument(argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world space exploration.(2)我本想说服他接受我的意见，但很快我意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。I had intended to argue him into accepting my opinion，but soon I realized it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue，because he was too stubborn.(3)根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语名著来提高他们的英语水平。(2022·全国乙，书面表达)Based on the above chart,65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)(1)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot.(2)如果你能抽出一些时间来审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之求助信)I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script (which is) attached to this email and make necessary changes.(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music. result in导致；造成(1)用result短语的正确形式填空Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication and，if not handled properly，may result in more serious problems.As a result，we should master sufficient communicating skills.(2)这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。(2023·天津6月，书面表达)Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship. run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)用run短语的正确形式填空(1)The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it in excitement.(2)David’s energy was running out but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat.(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)(3)I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger. 动名词短语作主语　Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。(1)Keeping a keen mind and being determined are(be) what it takes to be successful.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼儿，但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)Being lost in the forest made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that it was no use feeling frightened and finding my way out of the forest was what I must do right now.(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。In my opinion，it is a waste of time playing computer games.(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.Unit5 The Value of MoneyⅠ.阅读单词1．narrator n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员2．narration n．叙述；讲述；解说3．consulate n．领事馆4．obligation n．义务；职责；责任5．sequence vt.按顺序排列 n．顺序；一系列6．frown n．& vi.皱眉7．ambassador n．大使；使节；代表8．upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的9．the upper class上流社会；上等阶层Ⅱ.重点单词1．loan n．贷款；借款2．plastic n．塑料 adj.塑料制的；塑料的3．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面4．bet n．打赌；赌注 vi.& vt.(bet，bet)下赌注；用……打赌 vt.敢说5．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹6．dare vi.& modal v．胆敢；敢于7．sort n．种类；类别8．beneath adv.& prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下9．postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓10．odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的11．nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不12．extent n．程度；限度；大小；范围13．opera n．歌剧14．dinosaur n．恐龙15．hug vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧16．duty n．责任；义务；职责；值班17．eventually adv.最后；终于18．tailor n．(男装)裁缝 vt.专门制作；定做19．clerk n．职员；文书；店员20．manner n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪21．downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下22．stair n．楼梯；梯级23．aside adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存24．indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实25．element n．要素；基本部分26．plot n．故事情节；布局；阴谋27．upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的28．maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养29．saying n．谚语；格言；警句30．external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的Ⅲ.拓展单词1．basis n．基础；根据；基点→base n．基础；根基；底座 v．以……为基础；根据→basic adj.基础的；基本的2．apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉3．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorance n．无知；愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的4．judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judg(e)ment n．判断5．servant n．仆人；用人→serve v．服务→service n．服务6．sail vi.& vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→sailing n．航行→sailor n．水手7．mining n．采矿；采矿业→mine n．煤矿→miner n．矿工8．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.有耐心地→impatiently adv.没有耐心地9．indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示→indication n．表明；显示；迹象10．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→intend v．打算；计划11．musical n．音乐剧 adj.音乐的→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家12．pursue vt.追求；致力于→pursuit n．追求；追逐13．hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑14．option n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权→optional adj.可选择的15．broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的→broaden v．(使)变宽；(使)扩大→broadly adv.宽广地；广泛地16．normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的 n．常态；通常标准；一般水平→abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的17．willing adj.愿意；乐意→willingly adv.乐意地→unwilling adj.不愿意的；勉强的→willingness n．乐意；心甘情愿18．permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证→permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能 n．许可证Ⅳ. 拔高词汇1．fierce /fIəs/ adj.凶猛的；狂热的；强烈的2．swift /swIft/ adj.迅即发生的；速度快的；敏捷的3．fate /feIt/ n．命中注定的事(尤指坏事)；命运4．miracle /'mIrəkl/ n．奇迹；不平凡的事5．ferry /'feri/ vt.& vi.渡运；摆渡 n．渡船；摆渡6．hail /heIl/ n．雹；冰雹7．stagger /'stægə(r)/ vi.摇摇晃晃地走；蹒跚；踉跄 vt.使震惊；使大吃一惊8．load /ləʊd/ n．装载量；容纳量 vt.& vi.装载；承载9．retreat /rI'triːt/ n．& vi.撤退；退却10．agony /'æɡəni/ n．(精神或肉体的)极度痛苦Ⅴ.背核心短语1．on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事2．take out a loan取得贷款3．in return作为回报；作为回应4．make a bet打个赌5．as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的6．by accident偶然地；意外地7．to be honest说实话；坦率地说8．ought to应该；应当9．be about to do sth 即将或正要(做某事)10．in case以防；以防万一11．to...extent到……程度；在……程度上12．on duty值班；值勤13．in a．..manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子14．in that case既然那样；假使那样的话15．be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事Ⅵ.悟经典句式1．Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn’t offer her more money.(because引导的原因状语从句)王铮向陈道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。2．Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen’s daughter after Chen told him about her situation.(after引导的时间状语从句)陈告诉王她的情况后，王为陈的女儿创建了一个筹资网站。3．If you don’t mind，may I ask you how much money you have? (how much引导的宾语从句)不介意的话，能告诉我你有多少钱吗？4．Oh，I’d rather not pay you now.(would rather not do sth)哦，我宁愿现在不付钱给你。5．I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...(否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装)我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票……Ⅶ. 重点词汇讲解 apologise (also apologize)vi.道歉；谢罪 (apology n．道歉)(1)I really owe you an apology(apologize) for postponing our appointment，but I really have something urgent to deal with.(2)我写信是为了向你致以深深的歉意，因为我没能如期和你一起去看歌剧。(应用文写作之道歉信)I am writing to make a sincere apology/sincerely apologize to you for failing to go to the opera with you as scheduled.(3)非常遗憾不能去机场接你了，我真希望你能接受我真诚的道歉。Much to my regret，I am unable to pick you up at the airport.And I do wish that you will accept my sincere apology. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员 [judg(e)ment n．判断](1)Judging(judge) from the judges’ satisfied expressions，our opera performance must be a big success.(2)据我判断，如果那样的话大使不会作出任何评价。As far as I can judge，the ambassador won’t make a judgement in that case.(3)我从这次经历中得出一个结论：永远不要以貌取人，因为真正的美来自内心。(读后续写之主旨升华)I draw a conclusion from this experience that never judge people from/by their appearance/never judge a book by its cover，for true beauty comes from the inside. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹(1)The policeman on duty caught a thief on the spot in my house，and in return，I bought a bunch of flowers for him.(2)马克(Mac)一发现那只凶恶的狼正在追他，就找出他的那罐辣椒喷雾，并对着狼喷，试图把狼吓跑。(读后续写之动作描写)The instant Mac spotted the fierce wolf chasing after him，he found his can of pepper spray and fired the spray at the wolf，trying to frighten the wolf away.(3)我们躺在草地上，凝视着闪烁着星星的夜空。(读后续写之环境描写)We lay on the grass，staring at the night sky (which was) spotted with twinkling stars. patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力 (patient adj.耐心的 n．病人 patiently adv.耐心地 impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的 impatiently adv.不耐烦地)(1)My father is a patient doctor who always treats his patients with great patience.(patient)(2)我正要失去耐心/变得不耐烦时，突然想到了一个好主意。I was about to run out of patience/become impatient when a good idea occurred to me.(3)她对我总是很有耐心。每当我向她寻求帮助时，她都会面带安慰的微笑耐心地听我说话，然后提供有用的建议。(读后续写之人物描写)She was always patient with me.Whenever I turned to her for help，she would listen to me patiently/with patience wearing a comforting smile and then offered useful advice. hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑 (hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑)(1)To be honest，I hesitated about/over the option between the two dresses.(2)每当我遇到麻烦时，她都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。Whenever I am in trouble，she will come to my assistance without hesitation.(3)如果你有任何问题，请随时与我联系。(应用文写作之告知信)If you have any question，don’t hesitate to contact me. manner n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪(1)Your clerk has treated me in a rude manner，for which she must apologise to me officially.(2)当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。吃饭时，你也应该注意你的餐桌礼仪。(话题写作之中国礼仪)It’s good manners to bring a gift，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.At dinner，you should also pay attention to your table manners. permit vt.& vi.准许；允许；使有可能 n．许可证；执照，通行证 (permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证)(1)The club’s rules don’t permit smoking(smoke) in case it can ruin the atmosphere in the club.(2)未经许可，任何人不得在博物馆内为展品拍照。(应用文写作之通知)No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission.(3)如果天气允许，比赛将于下午两点在我校体育馆举行，持续约三个小时。(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Weather permitting/If weather permits，the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装 　I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...我记得当时我还在想，我这一辈子都不可能摸到这样一张钞票……(1)Hardly had the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene.→No sooner had the police received the emergency call than they rushed to the scene.(2)他们的表演近乎完美。我从未见过比这更好的。Their performance is close to perfect.Never have I seen a better one.(3)这次活动不仅加强了学生之间的友谊，而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among our students，but it also assisted us to build a positive attitude towards life.(4)我们老师时刻提醒我们：决不能向困难屈服，决不能放弃我们的梦想。Our teacher often reminds us that in no case should we give in to difficulties and on no account should we give up our dreams.·express/offer/send one’s congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人致以祝贺·congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人祝贺·a full/wide range of...大范围的……，各种……in/within the range of...在射程以内；在……范围内out of/beyond range of...在射程以外；在……范围外·range from...to.../range between...and...包括从……到……之间；在……到……之间变动be grateful to sb for sth 因某事而感激某人I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将不胜感激。·be significant (to)＝be of significance (to)(对……来说)很重要·attach significance to...重视；认为……重要be typical of 是……特有的；是……的特点It is typical of sb to do sth.某人做某事是经常的。·reflect on/upon沉思；认真思考be reflected in倒映在；反映在·on reflection反思；经再三考虑be lost in reflection/thought陷入反思/思考中on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候on occasion(s)＝occasionally偶尔，有时on no occasion决不，不会(用在句首时句子用部分倒装)·respect sb for sth 因为某事而尊敬某人·have/show respect for sb 尊重某人in every respect在各个方面in many respects在许多方面give one’s respects to sb 代某人向……问候/致意in respect of＝with respect to至于，关于；就……而言当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在补足语之前。常用的动词有think，take，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。·respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复·in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事·make/have an appointment (with sb)(与某人)约会/预约·tend to do...倾向于做……；往往做……·have a tendency to do...有做某事的倾向·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事scare...away/off 把……吓跑·be scared to do sth 害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb/sth 害怕某人/某事be scared to death吓得要死·assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人·come/go to one’s assistance来/去援助某人with the assistance of...在……的帮助下·do sb harm/do harm to sb 对某人有害There is no harm (in) doing sth.做某事无害处。·be harmful to对……有害本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级含义，意为：没有比……更……的了。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。·此句中的不定式to be hired...作后置定语，修饰名词woman。当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the only，the last，the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。·在time，way，chance，ability，promise，attempt等名词后，常用不定式作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。·seek/try one’s fortune找出路；碰运气make a fortune发财；赚钱have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事·be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth 有幸做某事be admitted into/to被……录取；被……接收admit doing sth/having done sth 承认做过某事admit sb/sth to be＋adj./n.承认某人/某物(事)为……·escape from从……逃脱，从……逃跑escape doing sth 避开做某事·have a narrow escape死里逃生settle down (使)安定；安居；平静下来；舒适地坐下/躺下settle in/into安顿下来；习惯于；适应settle down to (doing) sth 开始认真(做)某事bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐bring in引进；获利；赚钱bring out出版；使显现bring down使倒下；减少；降低bring back把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复·句中many sitting on top of big hills是独立主格结构，可表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，在许多情况下相当于一个状语从句或并列句。·独立主格结构的构成：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./n./介词短语·be disappointed at/with/by...对……感到失望be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望be disappointed that...对……失望·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是·have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物·desire to do sth 渴望做某事desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事desire that...(should) do...渴望……·(a) lack of缺少……for/through lack of因缺少……·be lacking in在……方面缺乏·argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争吵/争论argue for/against (doing) sth 据理赞成/反对(做)某事argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事·beyond argument 无可争论·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于·result from由……导致；因……而产生·as a result因此as a result of由于……without result没有结果；徒劳地run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)run across偶然遇到run after追逐；追求run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)exploring space是动名词(短语)在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上用复数，doing作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。”；It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事浪费时间。”(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。·apologise to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉·make an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉owe sb an apology应向某人道歉·judge...from/by...从……来判断……as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为judging by/from...根据……判断·make a judg(e)ment on/about...对……作出评价·spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事be spotted with...满是……的斑点·on the spot当场；立即；在现场·have the patience to do sth 有耐心做某事with patience(＝patiently)耐心地out of patience失去耐心；不耐烦·be patient with sb 对某人有耐心·hesitate about/over (doing)．..对(做)……犹豫hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事，不愿做某事·without hesitation毫不犹豫地in a．..manner用一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子It is good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/没有礼貌的。table manners餐桌礼仪·permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事·ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb 请求某人许可with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许本句含有否定副词never位于句首所引起的部分倒装。·当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即：否定词＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。·这样的词或短语有：全部否定意义副词：never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。部分否定意义副词：hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。“决不”短语：at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account等。