人教版(2019)选择性必修一巧记单词无压力(二)学案
展开巧记单词无压力:只能接t d的动词和短语(上)
想要/渴望/主动/声称做某事
1. wuld lve t d sth. 想要做某事
wuld lve t jin the club 愿意加入俱乐部
2. desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
desire t achieve the gal 渴望实现这一目标
3. want t d sth. 想要做某事
want t g t a key university 想上重点大学
4. wuld like t d sth. 想要做某事
wuld like t g with yu 想同你一起去
【辨析】wuld like 和 want
(1) 表示邀请时,用Wuld yu like…? 而不能用D yu want…? D yu want…? 只表示询问,不含有邀请的意思。
Wuld yu like t cme t the party?
(2) 否定形式含义不同。wuldn’t like表示不喜欢;dn’t want表示没有某种愿望。因此wuldn’t like不能用来回答邀请或提议,此时常用dn’t want或者其他形式来代替wuldn’t like。
—Wuld yu like sme mre cffee?
—N, I dn’t want any mre. Thanks./N, thanks.
5. lng t d sth. 渴望做某事
lng t see yu again 渴望再次见到你
6. wish t d sth. 希望做某事
wish t becme a ftball star 希望成为足球明星
7. expect t d sth. 期待做某事
expect t make a small prfit 期望能赚点
8. hpe t d sth. 希望做某事
hpe t win mass supprt 希望赢得广泛支持
【词汇小故事】
the great white hpe 巨大的希望
1908年美国黑人拳手 Jack Jhnsn 击败白人拳手Tmmy Burns,给当时的白人至上论沉重一击。另一个白人拳手 James Jeffries闻讯后从退役状态复出挑战 Jhnsn,从而被视为 the great white hpe,但两年后同样败于 Jhnsn拳头下。现在这句习语指任何被寄予厚望的人或概念。
9. wuld prefer t d sth. 宁愿做某
wuld prefer t stay at hme宁愿待在家里
10. be eager t d sth. 渴望做某事
be eager t make prgress 渴望取得进
1l. ffer t d sth. 主动提出做某事
ffer t take us t the airprt主动提出送我们去机场
12. claim t d sth. 声称要做某事
claim t d wnders fr ne’s brain声称补脑有奇效
急于/迫不及待地做某事
13. be anxius t d sth. 急于做某事
be anxius t meet yu 渴望见到你
14. can’t wait t d sth. 迫不及待地要做某事
can’t wait t g skating 迫不及待地去滑冰
【词汇小故事】
waiting fr the ther she t drp等待最后的结果
某人夜归,蹬蹬跑上二楼,开门进屋,开灯,洗脸刷牙,脱鞋,“咣当”一只大皮靴扔在地板上。突然他想起楼下邻居多次埋怨因他晚归动静太大受到了影响,于是他小心翼翼地把右脚的靴子脱下,轻轻放在地上,躺床上准备睡觉。半小时后,楼下邻居急冲冲上来敲门,大吼道“你快点把另一只靴子也扔了!”
敢于/值得/应该/能够做某事
15. dare t d sth. 敢做某事
dare t speak fr the peple 敢于为人民说话
16. deserve t d sth. 值得做某事;应该做某事
deserve t win that match理应赢得那场比赛
17. be suppsed t d sth. 应该做某事
be suppsed t pay the bill 应该结清这笔账
18. affrd t d sth. 负担得起做某事
affrd t meet yur demand 能够满足你的要求
19. be able t d sth. 能做某事
be able t deal with all srts f prblems 能应付各种问题
【辨析】be able t和can
(1) be able t 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
She can sing the sng in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able t sing this sng in English in a few minutes, t. 几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。
(2) be able t 强调一种结果,而can只强调一种可能。
Luckily, he was able t escape frm the big fire in the end. 幸运的是,他终于逃出了大火。
If he gt here a few hurs earlier, I culd save him. 要是他早几小时来,我还能救他。
(3) be able t 可以有各种时态;而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。
I culd help yu last night, but yu didn’t cme. 昨天晚上我能帮你,而你又没来。
Can yu see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗?
He is / was / will be able t help yu. 他能帮你的忙
请求/申请做某事
20. beg t d sth. 请求做某事
beg t suggest a different plan 恳求提出一个不同的计划
21. demand t d sth. 要求做某事
demand t knw the truth 要求知道事情的真相
22. ask t d sth. 要求做某事
ask t be given anther pprtunity 要求再给一次机会
23. apply t d sth. 申请做某事
apply t jin the Party 申请入党
同意/拒绝做某事
24. agree t d sth. 同意做某事
agree t meet at the restaurant 同意在餐馆碰面
25. decline t d sth. 拒绝做某事
decline t answer the questin 拒绝回答间题
26. refuse t d sth. 拒绝做某事
refuse t discuss things further拒绝进一步讨论这些事
【辨析】decline和refuse
decline:指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
I ffered t give them a lift but they declined.
refuse:语气较重,指态度坚决,肯定无疑的拒绝。
He flatly refused t discuss the matter.
他断然拒绝商讨这件事。
She refused t accept that there was a prblem.
她拒不承认有问题存在。
一个男孩邀请一个女孩吃烛光晚餐,女孩说“我今天已经有约会了”,这个男孩一定非常痛苦,问女孩“难道不能给我一个机会吗”,女孩说“其实你很好,但我不能跟你在一起”,这种拒绝就叫做“decline”。但如果女孩说“我不跟你去,你以后不要再来找我了。”这种拒绝就是“refuse”了。
承诺做某事
27. prmise t d sth. 承诺做某事
prmise t keep his secret 承诺守住他的秘密
28. under take t d sth. 承诺做某事
undertake t finish the jb 承诺完成这项工作
决定/下定决心做某事
29. decide t d sth. 决定做某事
decide t becme a teacher决定成为一名老师
30. chse t d sth. 决定做某事
chse t g abrad fr further study 决定出国深造
31. determine t d sth. 下决心做某事
determine t give up smking 决定戒烟
32. be determined t d sth. 下决心做某事
be determined t defend ur mtherland决心保卫祖国
巧记单词无压力:只能接t d的动词和短语(下)
保证/发誓做某事
1. guarantee t d sth. 保正做某事
guarantee t d it well 保证做好它
2. swear t d sth. 发誓需要做某事
swear t tell the truh 发誓要讲实话
试图/尽力/不遗余力做某事
3. take truble t d sth. 不辞辛劳做某事
take truble t see me ff at the statin 不辞辛劳地到车站送我
4. aim t d sth. 致力于/旨在做某
aim t achieve these aims 旨在实现这些目标
5. manage t d sth. 设法做成某事
manage t get there in time 设法及时赶到那儿
6. try ne’s best t d sth. 尽力做某事
try ne’s best t vercme the difficulty 努力克服困难
【辨析】attempt,try和manage
manage有应付得来,能应付得了的意思。一般来说结果是成功的。
try有尝试的意思,结果通常是失败的。
attempt作动词的时候,跟try意义差不多,作名词的时候有企图的意思。
助记小故事:A man accidentally fell int a well. He was s scared and yelled "help". But n ne heard it. He lked up and thught, it was t high t climb up and get ut f it by himself. He didn't even attempt t d anything but waiting, hwever, there was n passer-by. Later n, he said t himself, "I have t climb and get ut f here." He tried a cuple f times, but failed. Then he carefully examined the wall f the well, and tried again. This time, he managed ut eventually.
7. seek t d sth. 试图做某
seek t hide their views 试图隐瞒他们的观点
8. attempt t d sth. 试图做某事
attempt t slve the prblem 试图解决这个问题
9. make an attempt t d sth. 试图做某事
make an attempt t pass the exam 试图通过考试
10. struggle t d sth. 尽力做某事
struggle t cntrl my temper 努力控制住我自己的脾气
11. spare n effrt t d sth. 不遗余力地做某事
spare n effrt t d a little bit every minute 每一分钟都不遗余力地做好点滴
12. make every effrt t d sth. 尽一切努力做某事
make every effrt t treat the sick 尽一切努力为病人治病
计划做某事
13. plan t d sth. 计划做某事
plan t visit Lndn next mnth 计划下个月访问伦敦
14. intend t d sth. 打算做某事
intend t clean ut the rm 打算把房向打扫干净
15. prepare t d sth. 准备做某事
prepare t undertake the task 为担任这项工作而做准备
16. arrange t d sth. 安排做某事
arrange t g t Beijing by train 打算乘火车到北京去
【词源小故事】
ar-这个词缀来自于拉丁语中的介词ad,表示“朝,向,去”。range来源于古法语rangier,表示“排成直线”。arrange原本是个军事术语,本义是“作战时士兵排成一行”。后来该词的词义扩大,表示按顺序排列物品、安排事项。
犹豫/碰巧/假装做某事
17. hesitate t d sth. 犹豫做某事
hesitate t take such a big risk 不情愿冒这么大的险
18. bther t d sth. 费心/麻烦去做某事
can’t bther t answer the questin 懒得回答问题
19. happen t d sth. 碰巧做某事
happen t see him in twn 碰巧在镇上看到他
20. fail t d sth. 没能做成某事
fail t lck the dr 没有锁门
21. pretend t d sth. 假装做某事
pretend t be ding ne’s hmewrk 假装在做作业
22. learn t d sth. 学会做某事
learn t plan yur mney prperly 学会理财
23. appear t d sth. 好像做某事
appear t be talking neself 似乎在自言自语
24. seem t d sth. 好像做某事
seem t have missed the train 似乎没有赶上火车
【辨析】appear和seem
(1) appear 指外表给人的印象。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实。
She is fifty but she appears yung. 她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。
He seems t be tired. 他好像很累了。
(2) seem 能与介词 like 构成习语,意思是“看上去象”,而 appear 却不能。
It seems like years since I last saw yu. 自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。
(3) seem后均可接 as if , as thugh 引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而 appear 则不能。
It seemed as if he had been t Lndn. 看起来他去过伦敦。
25. be sure t d sth. 一定会做某事
be sure t vercme all difficulties 一定能克服一切困难
26. tend t d sth. 倾向于做某事
tend t make mistakes 容易犯错
27. be likely t d sth. 很可能做某事
be likely t achieve his gal 很有可能实现他的目标
28. help (t) d sth. 帮助做某事
help (t) imprve yur English 皆助你提高英语水平
(答题时间:40分钟)
单项选择
1. —Shall we g skating r stay at hme?
—Which ________ d yurself?
A. d yu rather B. wuld yu rather
C. will yu rather D. shuld yu rather
2. ________ a reply, he decided t write again.
A. Nt receiving B. Receiving nt
C. Nt having received D. Having nt received
3. The salesman sclded the girl caught ________ and let her ff.
A. t have stlen B. t be stealing
C. t steal D. stealing
4. Little Jim shuld lve ________ t the theatre this evening.
A. t be taken B. t take C. being taken D. taking
5. I wuld appreciate ________ back this afternn.
A. yu t call B. yu call C. yur calling D. yu’re calling
6. ________ is a gd frm f exercise fr bth yung and ld.
A. The walk B. Walking C. T walk D. Walk
7. “Can’t yu read?” Mary said ________ t the ntice.
A. angrily pinting B. and pint angrily
C. angrily pinted D. an angrily pinting
8. The cmputer center,________ last year,is very ppular amng the students in this schl.
A. pen B. pening C. having pened D. pened
9. Charles Babbage is generally cnsidered ________ the first cmputer.
A. t invent B. inventing C. t have invented D. having invented
10. Hw abut the tw f us ________ a walk dwn the garden?
A. t take B. take C. taking D. t be taking
11. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfactin with his talks,________ that he had enjyed his stay here.
A. having added B. t add C. adding D. added
12. The first textbks ________ fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
A. having written B. t be written C. being written D. and arrived
13. She set ut sn after dark ________ hme an hur later.
A. arriving B. t arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
14. The missing bys were last seen ________ near the river.
A. playing B. t be playing C. play D. t play
15. Rather than ________ n a crwded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.
A. ride;ride B. riding;ride C. ride;t ride D. t ride;riding
16. —I must aplgize fr ________ ahead t time.
— That’s all right.
A. letting yu nt knw B. nt letting yu knw
C. letting yu knw nt D. letting nt yu knw
17. Paul desn’t have t be made ________. He always wrks hard.
A. learn B. t learn C. learned D. learning
18. —Yu were brave enugh t raise bjectins at the meeting.
—Well,nw I regret ________ that.
A. t d B. t be ding C. t have dne D. having dne
19. The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street,but his mther tld him ________.
A. nt t B. nt t d C. nt d it D. d nt t
20. ________ in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
A. Lsing B. Having lst C. Lst D. T lse
21. The patient was warned ________ ily fd after the peratin.
A. t eat nt B. eating nt C. ging D. having gne
22. I wuld lve ________ t the party last night but I had t wrk extra hurs t finish a reprt.
A. t g B. t have gne C. ging D. t be first playing
1. B 解析:wuld rather d sth. 是惯用法,变问句时,把wuld提前。
2. C 解析:receive与主句的主语he 之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。故用现在分词,但主句中的again又暗示考生,分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,因此用现在分词的完成式。nt必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为:As/Since he hadn’t received a reply, he decided t write again.
3. D 解析:如果掌握catch sb. ding(发现某人正在做某事)这一短语,便可知girl与catch之间是被动关系,因此用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语,相当于a girl wh was caught stealing.
4. A 解析:shuld lve t=wuld like t,句子Jim与take之间是被动关系。
5. C 解析:appreciate需要动名词作宾语,yur calling是动名词的复合结构。
6. B 解析:动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、泛指经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。原题中的a gd frm又暗示考生,这个动作是泛指的,经常性的。
7. A 解析:“生气地”是用来说明说话时的表情,应放在被修饰词said的后面,选A或C; “指着”这一动作的逻辑主语是Mary,应该用现在分词作伴随状语。全句意思是:“你不会看吗?”玛丽指着布告生气地说。
8. D 解析:pened是过去分词作非限定性定语,与先行词the cmputer cen-tre之间是被动关系,相当于which was pened last year,意思是:“去年开业的”。
9. C 解析:略
10. C 解析:what/hw abut +ding sth. 是“做某事怎样”,而the tw f us是动名词的逻辑主语,它们合起来构成动名词的复合结构。
11. C 解析:现在分词作伴随状语。句子的意思是:“来访的部长对其双方会谈的结果表示满意,并补充到在逗留期间感到很愉快。”
12. D 解析:“课本”被“写出”,此空白应该用表示被动的非谓语动词作定语,可排除A; t be written表示即将发生,与题意不符;being written强调正在进行时,与题意不符;written表示已完成的动作。全句的意思是:“把英语作为外语来教的第一批课本,是在十六世纪出版的。”
13. D 解析:略
14. A 解析:略
15. C 解析:prefer后可接不定式,也可接动名词,接动词不定式时通常与rather than连用,表示否定。故该题的正确答案为C。即正常语序是:He al-ways prefers t ride a bicycle rather than ride n a crwded bus. 该句还可以这样来表达:He always prefers riding a bicycle t riding n a crwed bus. 即prefer后接动名词时,常与介词t连用,表示否定,意为:“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……。”
16. B 解析:letting是现在分词短语作介词fr的宾语,且否定时,nt 置于动名词之前。
17. B 解析:略
18. D 解析:regret后接不定式表示没有发生的动作;接动名词则表示后悔做过某事。根据题意:“后悔提出了反对意见”,故答案选动名词的完成时。
19. A 解析:略
20. C 解析:句中的主语he和lse之间为被动关系。所以应用过去分词短语作状语。
21. C 解析:略
22. B 解析:wuld lve t have dne表示“本想去做,而没做”。从下文“but I had t wrk extra hurs t finish a reprt”可知事情没有做。
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