人教版（2019）高中英语必修一Unit4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions 词汇用法课件

Unit 4 Natural DisastersWords and Expressions1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 natural disasters 同义词：2. tornado n. 龙卷风hurricane typhoon breeze 自然灾害catastrophe飓风台风微风3. drought n. 旱灾 例句：Drought and famines have killed up to two million people during the last 18 years. 4. landslide (landfall) n. 崩塌；滑坡其他含义： 词汇拓展：famine n. 饥荒serious/severe drought 严重干旱 “一方占绝对优势的选举” 压倒性优势的选举胜利a landslide victory 5. slide v. 滑行；滑动 (slid; slid) “快捷而悄声地移动” = slip例句：She slid out while no one was looking. “降低；衰落”例句：They were sliding towards bankruptcy. 词汇拓展：bankruptcy n. 破产bankrupt adj. 破产的6. flood n. 洪水；大量 v. 淹没；大量涌入 a flood of/floods of 大量a flood of complaints 大量投诉a flood of refugees 大量难民in floods of tears 泪流满面flood in/into 大量涌入 (=pour in/into)flood…with… 使……充满……be flooded with… 被……淹没；挤满；充满7. volcanic eruption 火山喷发volcano n. 火山erupt v. (火山) 爆发 erupt into 突然发生；爆发例句：My father just erupted into fury. 词汇拓展：fury n. 暴怒 = rage(extreme anger)8. magnitude n. (地)震级，重大，重要性例句：We did not realize the magnitude of the problem. 9. rescue n. & v. 营救；救援rescue worker 救援人员 come to one's rescue 救援某人rescue…from… 把……从……中救出来在回家的路上，汤姆把一只猫从河里救了出来。Tom rescued a cat from the river on his way home.我正感到惊讶，你为我解了围。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 10. damage v. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失damages n. 损害赔偿金be badly damaged 严重受损do/cause damage to… 对……造成损害damage one's health/fame 损害某人的健康/名誉显而易见，多年来，人类已经严重地破坏了自己的家园。Obviously, humans/human beings have done great damage to their home over the years.11. destroy v. 摧毁，毁灭 (destroying, destroyed)destruction n. 破坏destructive adj. 破坏性的这栋建筑物被大火彻底摧毁了。The building was completely destroyed by a big fire. 12. evacuate v. 疏散；转移；撤离evacuation n.evacuate from… 从……撤离13. death n. 死亡the death of all my plans 计划破灭极端的天气导致我所有的计划破灭。The extreme weather caused the death of all my plans.at door's death 病危；生命危在旦夕do sth. to death 做烦了/听厌了frighten/scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死dead adj. 死的；过时的；已废弃的；筋疲力尽dying adj. 临终的，垂死的deadly adj. 致命的；致死的 adv. 极其；非常die v. 死亡，消失 (dying, died, died)die of/from… 因……而死 die of/from cancer 死于癌症die away 逐渐减弱；逐渐消失die off 相继死去die out 灭绝他们的笑声逐渐消失了。The sound of their laughter died away.因栖息地受到破坏，这一物种已濒于灭绝。The species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.14. affect v. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动effect n. 影响 affection n.感情；喜爱be deeply affected by… 被……深深打动have an effect on/upon… 对……有影响come into effect 生效；开始实施take effect 生效；开始起作用读后续写之感动心理描写：观众被这个感人的故事深深打动，眼里涌出了泪水。The audience were deeply affected by the moving/touching story, with tears welling up in their eyes.15. shelter n. 避难所，庇护 v. 保护，躲避under the shelter of… 在……的庇护下shelter from… 躲避……shelter/protect… from… 保护……免受…… 我们在一处门廊里躲雨。 We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 16. ruin n. & v. 破坏，毁坏in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪be/lie in ruins 成为废墟，毁灭ruin one's future 毁掉某人的前途ruin one's plan 破坏某人的计划17. shock n. 震惊；休克 v. (使)震惊in shock 震惊地；吃惊地to one's shock 令某人吃惊的是be shocked at/by… 对……吃惊be a great shock to sb. 使某人大为震惊It is shocking that…… 令某人吃惊的是简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。Jane was shocked to find that she was lost in the forest and she couldn't help crying.18. trap n. 陷阱；险境 v. 使落入险境/陷入圈套trapping; trappedbe trapped/stuck in… 被困在……里；陷入……trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事set a trap for… 给……设圈套fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套警察设圈套使他讲出实情。The police trapped him into telling the truth. 19. bury v. 埋葬；安葬bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手捂脸/抱头bury oneself in (doing) sth. = be buried in (doing) sth. “埋头于/专心于……” 同义短语：(1) concentrate on (2) focus on (3) be absorbed in(4) be lost in (5) devote oneself to/be devoted to 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.20. breathe v. 呼吸breathe in/out 吸气/呼气breathe deeply 深呼吸breath n. 呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸take one's breath away 令人惊叹 宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。He held his breath while the results were read out. 21. effort n. 努力；艰难的额尝试make effrots/an effort to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事effortless adj. 不费力的，容易的 without effort 毫不费力with joint effort 共同努力 in an effort to do sth 为了做成某事；努力做某事 如果我被接受为你的助教，我将努力履行我的职责。If I am accepted as your teaching assistant, I will spare no effort to perform my duties.22. suffer v. 遭受；蒙受；(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼 sufferer n. 受难者；患病者suffer + n. (抽象的损害、痛苦等)suffer from + n. (具体的不幸、痛苦，如战争、灾害、疾病等)suffer pain/loss/failure/hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/困难患重感冒 suffer from a bad cold头疼/牙疼 suffer from a headache/toothache例句：坚强的人能忍受痛苦。A tough man can tolerate suffering. 23. supply n. 供应；补给；补给品 v. 供应；补给in short supply 供应不足supply and demand 供求关系medical supplies 医疗用品supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物“给某人提供某物”的其他表达：provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 24. survive v. 生存；幸存；艰难渡过survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者survive on… = live on… 靠……存活survive sb. by… 比某人多活…… 例句：The company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。25. calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的；v. 使平静，使镇静keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇静 calm…down 使……平静下来26. aid n. & v. 帮助，援助in aid of… 为了帮助…… with the aid/help of… 在……的帮助下aid/help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事aid/help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事例句：我们已经帮他提前完成了询问。We have aided him to finish the inquiry ahead of time. 27. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)in hand 在手头；在进行中 at hand 在手边；即将到来by hand 手工；亲手交付；由专人递送 hand in hand 手拉手 at first hand 第一手，亲自 on the one hand…on the other hand… 一方面……另一方面……hand in 上交，提交 hand out 分发hand over 交出，移交 hand on 留给；传递下去28. sweep v. 打扫；清扫 (swept;swept)sweep up 打扫；清扫sweep away 消灭；彻底消除sweep aside 对……置之不理；不理会sweep out 打扫干净sweep over/back 突然袭来 例句：往事突然又浮现在脑海中。Memories came sweeping back. 29. strike v. 击打，侵袭，罢工 (struck, struck/striken)be/go on strike 罢工strike sb. as… 给某人……印象；使某人觉得……be struck on/with/by… 被……打动/迷住It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that… 某人突然想到…… 例句：我突然意识到我们可能做出了错误的决定。It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision. 30. deliver v. 递送；传达；发表；接生deliver/address/give a speech 发表演讲deliver a baby 接生deliver sth. to sb. 把某物运送给某人delivery n. 递送；分娩；演讲方式on delivery 到货时