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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品同步测试题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品同步测试题，文件包含Unit4NaturalDisastersB卷提升卷解析版doc、Unit4NaturalDisastersB卷提升卷原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。
【人教版】
学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________
温馨提示：
本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为120分,考试时间为100分钟。请同学们将答案写在答题卡上,务必注意你的书写。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(湖北荆州北门中学2019-2020高一期中考试)
PROBLEMS
Alice: Yesterday, at the beginning f the chemistry exam, I spent mre time n a difficult questin than I intended. When I saw the thers turning t the next page, I became s nervus that I culdn’t even wrk ut simple questins. I really want t knw hw t cntrl myself in exams. Culd yu give me sme advice?
Rb: I’m trying t review fr my exams, but it’s hard t cncentrate fr lng. I sit n the bed with my bks, but then I lie dwn and fall asleep. And my parents ask me t d things r my friends call, s I give up studying. I’m starting t panic. What shuld I d?
Lara: I get gd marks at schl, s my friends all want t cpy my hmewrk. But I spend a lt f time wrking while they’re having fun. It’s nt fair, and I’m getting fed up with this situatin. But hw d I tell them they can’t cpy my wrk—I dn’t want t lse my friends. Help!
ADVICE
Cncentrate n the exam. Dn’t daydream r be distracted by the ther test takers. Sme students d exams quickly, but this desn’t necessarily mean they get all questins right. Just stick t yur wn pace!
1.Which f the fllwing piece f advice might be helpful t Alice?
A. D exams quickly. B. Wrk at yur wn pace.
C. Have a regular rutine. D. Avid cheating in the exam.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题．Alice的问题是考试的时候容易受到别人的干扰，Advice部分建议正好是关于考试时候稳住自己的节奏，不受别人影响。故选B。
2.Why is Lara very angry with her friends?
A. Because they want t cpy her hmewrk.
B. Because they ften have fun withut her.
C. Because they take her hmewrk back hme.
D. Because they distract her during the exam.
【答案】A
【解析】细节查找题．根据文中信息 “I get gd marks at schl, s my friends all want t cpy my hmewrk.”可知答案为A。
3.Where are the texts mst prbably taken frm?
A. An English dictinary. B. A science magazine.
C. A business newspaper. D. A student magazine.
【答案】D
【解析】综合全文信息可知本文是关于学生遇到的问题，故选D。
B
（莆田第七中学2019-2020上学期高一年级期末考试）
A very dangerus situatin happened in Califrnia last week. Mre than 12 wildfires brke ut in the state. Mst f them began n Octber 8, in Nrthern Califrnia. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds f up t 50 miles per hur and dry air in the area.
At least 20 peple have been killed, the state gvernment said. Abut 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 hmes and businesses have been destryed. Abut 50,000 peple have been required t escape. Many left in a hurry, withut time t take their persnal things. “All the gd stuff(东西)—I’m never ging t see it again,” Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped frm his Santa Rsa hme. It was destryed sn after he left.
The fires burned thrugh parts f eight cunties(郡，县). These include Snma and Napa. The areas are imprtant t Califrnia’s ecnmy(经济). They are hme t many f the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, Califrnia’s wineries made mre than $57 billin.
Octber is when wildfires usually prduce the mst ruins in Califrnia. But it is unusual fr s many fires t start at nce. Up t nw, the gvernment has nt given a cause fr any f the fires, many f which were still burning.
4. Why did the fires grw quickly?
A. Mst f the fires began in Octber. B. 12 fires happened at the same time.
C. The state gvernment didn’t d anything. D. High-speed wind and dry air.
【答案】D
【解析】细节查找题。根据第一段信息“They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds f up t 50 miles per hur and dry air in the area.”可知答案为D。
5. Hw many peple have t leave their hmes?
A. 50,000. B. 200. C. 3,500. D. 20.
【答案】A
【解析】细节查找题。根据第二段信息“Abut 50,000 peple have been required t escape”可知答案为A。
6. What is the biggest lss fr Califrnia’ s ecnmy?
A. Hmes have been destryed. B. Wineries have been burned.
C. Peple have t leave their hmes.D. Many peple have been injured.
【答案】B
【解析】根据第三段信息“The areas are imprtant t Califrnia’s ecnmy(经济). They are hme t many f the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂).”可知当地的主要经济形势是酒厂，故判断大火造成的经济损失主要在酒厂。故选B。
7. What is the cause f the fires?
A. The high-speed wind and dry air. B. Many fires started at nce.
C. Octber prduces the mst ruins. D. The cause is nt explained.
【答案】D
【解析】根据全文最后一句话可知答案为D。
C
Nt nly des the use f plastic water bttles hurt yur wallet, it als increases pllutin and wastes energy and water. Only 23% f all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning ver $ 1 billin wrth f plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rcks Lab has invented a kind f water bttle called Oh.
It is a cnvenient, clear water bttle that can either be drunken r eaten. T drink it, yu can either peel ff the membrane(薄膜) r tear a hle in the membrane with yur teeth t pur the water int yur muth. T eat it, yu simply put the whle bttle in yur muth. One prblem the scientists have run int is hw t ship large amunts f Oh bubbles(水泡) withut arriving with a very wet truck. Hwever, they have attempted t package units f individual bubbles tgether inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large utdr events, such as marathns, music festivals, and sprting events, where tns f plastic bttles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And t much plastic is sure t d harm t the envirnment, which culd accunt fr their purpse f such a new inventin.
The team has been wrking fr the past tw years t develp the technlgy and materials needed t prduce Oh; they have recently applied a patent fr their new advancements. The price fr an individual bubble r a unit f bubbles has nt been set yet, but they cst abut tw cents t create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bttles. It has appeared at events in Lndn, San Francisc, Bstn, at cnferences, festivals, and s n.
Oh is catching many peple’s attentin and has raised ver $ 1 millin and gained 1,000 investrs in nly three days. It is mstly being sld at events at the mment t keep the cnsumer’s interest while the prductin machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, s keep an eye ut this year fr these bttles f the future.
8.Hw is mst plastic dealt with in America?
A. It’s sld. B. It’s recycled.
C. It’s buried. D. It’s wasted.
【答案】D
【解析】细节查找题．根据第一段中信息“Only 23% f all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning ver $ 1 billin wrth f plastic is treated as rubbish a year.”可知和只有23%的塑料杯回收，价值$ 1 billin的塑料都被当做垃圾处理掉了．故选D．
9.Why did the team invent Oh?
A. T make a prfit fr a cmpany. B. T prtect the envirntnent.
C. T make peple eat as they drink. D. T reduce the cst f plastic bttle.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题．第一段先介绍在美国塑料的回收利用并不理想，故有人研制出环保的材料，B选项和环保有关， 故为正确答案。
10.What can we infer abut Oh frm the text?
A. It is easy and safe t ship it in large amunts.
B. It has becme ppular since it began t be sld.
C. It might be sld at a lwer price than plastic bttles.
D. It cst the team a lt f mney t develp the technlgy.
【答案】C
【解析】细节查找题．根据文中信息“…but they cst abut tw cents t create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bttles.”可知和新材料Oh并不昂贵．故选C。
11.What des the authr really want t say in the last paragraph?
A. Oh is t be a success in the future.
B. Oh is being supprted by smart peple.
C. Oh is taking the place f plastic bttles nw.
D. Oh is being prduced t attract mre investrs.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题．根据全文最后一段信息“It is quickly making a rise, s keep an eye ut this year fr these bttles f the future.”可知作者很看好这种新材料。故选A．
D
With nly abut 1, 000 pandas left in the wrld, China is desperately trying t clne(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a mve similar t what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking fr the past five years in a prject called “Nah’s Ark”.
Nah’s Ark is aimed at cllecting eggs, embrys(胚胎), semen and DNA f endangered animals and string them in liquid nitrgen. If certain species shuld becme extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a prfessr in Texas A & M’s Cllege f Veterinary Medicine, says there wuld be enugh f the basic building blcks t reintrduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species f mammals, birds reptiles will becme extinct in ver 100 years. The panda, native nly t China, is in danger f becming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embry by intrducing cells frm a dead female panda int the egg cells f a Japanese white rabbit. They are nw trying t implant the embry int a hst animal.
The entire prcedure culd take frm three t five years t cmplete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) f ne species t anther is nt easy, and the lack f available(capable f being used) panda eggs culd be a majr prblem,” Kraemer believes. “They will prbably have t d several hundred transfers t result in ne pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a lng time and it’s difficult, but this culd be grundbreaking science if it wrks. They are certainly nt putting any live pandas at risk, s it is wrth the effrt,” adds Kraemer, wh is ne f the leaders f the Prject at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at clning a dg.
“They are trying t d smething that’s never been dne, and this is very similar t ur wrk in Nah’s Ark. We’re bth trying t save animals that face extinctin. I certainly appreciate their effrt and there’s a lt we can learn frm what they are attempting t d. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
12. The aim f “Nah’s Ark” prject is t _______.
A. make effrts t clne the endangered pandas
B. save endangered animals frm dying ut
C. cllect DNA f endangered animals t study
D. transfer the nuclear f ne animal t anther
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。
13. Accrding t Prfessr Kraemer, the majr prblem in clning pandas wuld be the lack f _______.
A. available panda eggs B. hst animals
C. qualified researchers D. enugh mney
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。从第6段第1句话 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) f ne species t anther is nt easy, and the lack f available (capable f being used ) panda eggs culd be a majr prblem 可以做出正确判断。
14. The best title fr the passage may be _______.
A. China’s Success in Pandas Clning
B. The First Clned Panda in the Wrld
C. Explring the Pssibility t Clne Pandas
D. China —the Native Place f Pandas Frever
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项;D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。
15. Frm the passage we knw that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in clning a dg
B. scientists try t implant a panda’s egg int a rabbit
C. Kraemer will wrk with Chinese scientists in clne researches
D. abut tw thusand f species will prbably die ut in a century
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinese scientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案为D
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sleep advice fr kids f all ages
It is imprtant fr each child t get enugh sleep every day. Here we will learn mre abut that.
Hw much sleep des a child need?
16 Newbrns 0 t 3 mnths shuld sleep 10 t 18 hurs a day. Babies 4 t 11 mnths shuld start t sleep thrugh the night, fr 9 t 12 hurs at a time. Tddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 t 2 years need abut 11 t 14 hurs a day. Children 3 t 5 shuld get 11 t 13 hurs a night. 17 Teenagers 14 and up need 8 t 10 hurs f sleep.
What can parents d?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable. 18 Even lder children can benefit frm late-afternn naps if they are nt getting enugh sleep at night. But keep them shrt--- 30 minutes at mst.
19 Remember t ask yur children t turn ff the televisin and the cmputer an hur befre bed. If pssible, get them ut f yur child’s bedrm since the light frm electrnic screens can make sleep a difficult jb.
Get them mving. 20 Running arund and playing sprts is great, but kids can be active in ther ways, t. Take the dg fr a walk, r g t the park --- just get them ut f the huse and get them mving.
A. Pay attentin t screen time.
B. It usually depends n their age.
C. It’s OK t g t bed 30 minutes later.
D. Kids 6 t 13 need 9 t 11 hurs f sleep.
E. Yunger children shuld take a shrt sleep during the day.
F. Energy drinks can keep kids frm falling r staying asleep.
G. Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【答案】BDEAG
【解析】
16. 被考查段落的中心句为“Hw much sleep des a child need?”空白处之后介绍不同年龄段的孩子需要的睡眠不一样。故选B。
17. 空白处前后信息提示不同年龄段的孩子的睡眠时间。故选D。
18. 空白处之后信息提示甚至是年长一些的孩子也需要午睡，故判断空白处应该是年幼的孩子需要午睡。
19. 空白处之后信息提示应该注意电视和电脑时间。故选A。
20. 本段第一句“Get them mving”提示本段应该是和锻炼身体有关。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Star Athlete
My name is Edward, and at ne time I was the star athlete at my schl fr fur cnsecutive（连续的） years. Sccer was my life fr as 21 as I culd remember. Fr at 22 six times a week, yu culd find me at the fields training. Within thse past fur years, I had 23 sixty gals fr my team. I even starred in ur lcal newspaper.
Mst athletes asked me hw I did it. Hw I 24 t g ut nce r twice a day t train. Mst athletes wuld be 25 ut, but nt me. I asked them hw they just naturally breathed. Ftball had been my life ever since I was five years ld. Having tw parents that played the game 26 me t becme the best athlete I culd ever be. My whle family played; nt 27 was like nt eating at my grandma's huse, nt acceptable. When I was three, my parents taught me hw t kick the ball, and that was when I 28 fell in lve with the game.
But that was past.When I was wrking up t the state champinship,I gt injured and the trainer tld me I culd never play again. I cried and my 29 was trn int pieces. Later, I 30 myself back up and went t Vanderbilt University n an academic schlarship.I might nt be a super star, but I 31 t let my life slip ut f my hands. Nw, I'm n my way t becming a dctr t help 32 like me. Smetimes I wnder wh I wuld be withut my injury, but then I realize I wuld nt have had this pprtunity. Things change 33 ,and yu have t learn t 34 it. Stp living in the past and live in the future. Everyne has a stry, but yu have t make yur wn ending. It's up t yu t persevere and fight fr yurself. Be yur wn 35 .
21. A. many B. lng C. well D. early
22. A.latest B.first C. mst D. least
23. A.reached B. scred C. achieved D. set
24. A. tried B. wanted C. selected D. managed
25. A. burnt B.wrked C.tried D. died
26. A. reminded B. persuaded C. influenced D. frced
27. A. playing B.helping C.rising D. exercising
28. A. persnally B.partly C. willingly D. cmpletely
29. A.mind B. heart C. head D. leg
30. A. wke B.dressed C. picked D. called
31. A. refused B.decided C. managed D. dared
32. A. stars B. adults C.children D. athletes
33. A. eventually B. frequently C. suddenly D.gradually
34. A. accept B.find C. receive D. understand
35. A.winner B. dctr C. trainer D. superstar
【答案】21-25BDBDA 26-30CADBC 31-35ADCAD
【解析】
21.考查形容词。 fr后面跟段时间，as lng as 表示长达，所以句意为就我记忆所及，足球就是我的生命。
22.从第二段内容可知作者每天都去练球，由此可知此处强调次数之多，at least 至少，符合题意。
23.考查动词。上文提到作者是足球明星，而且根据下句可知作者作为一个足球运动员非常出色，由此推测作者进球很多，scre a gal“踢进一球；得一分”，选B。
24.考查动词。从第一段可知作者每天都会出去训练，manage t d “成功做到”，故选D。
25.考查动词。作者每天都会去进行一两次的训练，别的运动员会对此没了兴趣，burn ut “筋疲力尽，热情等的逐渐消失”，故选A。
26.考查动词。根据下文内容可知全家人都踢足球，也就是说作者对足球的热爱是受父母影响的，故选C。
27.考查动词。根据前句中的played可知全家人都爱踢足球，故判断选A，。
28.考查副词。从上文可知作者对足球非常痴迷，所以完全陷入了对足球的热爱中，故选D。
29.考查名词。根据句中cried和前句内容可知作者听到不能继续踢球的消息伤心欲绝，故选B。
30考查动词。从下文内容可知虽然作者不能继续踢球了，但是他没有颓废，而是重新振作起来，pick up “跌倒后重新爬起来”，故选C。
31.考查动词。根据前后句内容可知作者没有屈服于命运，而是努力学习，在学业上取得了一定成绩，故选A。
32.考查名词。作者曾经是一名运动员，故选D。
33.考查副词。根据上文内容可知当作者在比赛时意外受伤，所以在此是事情常常是突然发生，没有预料，故选C。
34.考查动词。根据后句内容可知作者认为人们要勇于面对问题，要接受事实，故选A。
35.考查名词。从文章首段和本段中I might nt be a super star可以判断作者认为要做自己的明星，故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
last Friday a strm swept thrugh tw villages in the New Territries, ____36____ (destry) furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged ____37____ their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r rfs. One persn was killed, several were____38____
(serius) hurt and taken t hspital, and a number f ther peple received smaller hurt. Altgether ver tw hundred peple were hmeless after the strm.
A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the strm began early ____39____ the mrning and lasted fr ver an hur.
“I ____40____ (eat) with my wife and children,” he said, “when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us. We tried ur best ____41____ (climb) ut but then I saw that ne f my children was ____42____ (miss). I went back inside and fund him, safe ____43____ very frightened.”
Mrs. W Mei Fng said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she ____44____ (feel) that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.
Sldiers helped t take peple ut f the flded area and the welfare department brught ____45____ (they) fd, clthes and shelter.
【答案及解析】
36.destrying 考查非谓语动词。destry与逻辑主语a strm之间表示主动关系,指自然而然的结果,因此用动词-ing形式。
37.that考查状语从句。引导结果状语从句。
38.seriusly考查副词的用法。空后是动词hurt,应用副词修饰。
39.in考查介词用法。in the mrning在上午。
40.was eating考查时态用法。此处意为“我和太太、孩子正在吃饭。”应用过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。
41.t climb 考查非谓语动词。 try ne’s best t d sth.尽力做某事。
42.missing 考查词性转换。 missing表示“找不到的,失踪的”。
43.but 考查连词用法。 根据空前后两个形容词是转折关系可知填but。
44.felt 考查时态。 根据前文的had just left可知此处应填一般过去时。
45.them 考查代词。 bring后跟双宾语,代词作宾语只能用宾格形式。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重……。请以“ Hw t prtect ur envirnment/wrld? ”为题写一篇短文。内容包括:
存在问题及其影响:
1）水污染 2）砍伐森林严重 3）大气污染
2.如何改善/保护环境
注意：1、次数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已为你写好
Hw t prtect/save ur envirnment/wrld?
The envirnmental pllutin is mre and mre serius tday .
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为150左右。
(2017年6月浙江卷)On a bright, warm July afternn, Mac Hllan, a primary schl teacher, was cycling frm his hme t Alaska with his friends. One f his friends had stpped t make a bicycle repair, but they had encuraged Mac t carry n, and they wuld catch up with him sn. As Mac pedaled (骑行) alng alne, he thught fndly f his wife and tw yung daughters athme. He hped t shw them this beautiful place smeday.
Then Mac heard quick and lud breathing behind him. “Man, that’s a big dg!” he thught. But when he lked t the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dg at all, but a wlf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He fund ut his can f hear spray. With ne hand n the bars, he fired the spray at the wlf. A bright red clud envelped the animal, and t Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back f Mac’s bike, tearing pen his tent bag. He fired at the wlf a secnd time, and again, it fell back nly t quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was pedaling hard nw. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful nt t shw dwn. He saw a steep uphill climb befre him. He knew that nce he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wlf’s teeth wuld be tearing int his flesh.
At this mment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car n their way t Alaska. They didn’t think much f it when they saw tw cyclists repairing their bike n the side f the rad. A bit later, they sptted what they, t, assumed was a dg running alngside a man n a bike. As they gt clser, they realized that the dg was a wlf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in frnt f it as the wlf was catching up fast, just a dzen yards away nw.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The car suddenly stpped in frnt f him.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later,the ther tw cyclists arrived.
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stpped in frnt f him. Paul and Becky gt ut f the carimmediately t give help. But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare t fight with the wlf. Hwever, they still apprached t the wlf bravely. At the same time, the wlf als nticed them and turned its head back, shuting ludly at Paul and Becky. Mac then jumped ff the bicycle and was ready t fight against the wlf. That reached deadlck.
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the ther tw cyclists arrived. They fund the dangerus situatin, where three men circled the wlf. Mac’s friends als jumped ff their bicycles and jined the fight with the wlf. Mre and mre cars stpped. Sme drivers tk ut the sticks frm the cars, and sme tk ut the knives, even the guns twards the wlf. Just at that time, the wlf might feel the threats frm the peple, starting t withdraw. Sn, it ran away ff the rad and disappeared in the distance.
【人教版】
学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________
温馨提示：
本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为120分,考试时间为100分钟。请同学们将答案写在答题卡上,务必注意你的书写。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(湖北荆州北门中学2019-2020高一期中考试)
PROBLEMS
Alice: Yesterday, at the beginning f the chemistry exam, I spent mre time n a difficult questin than I intended. When I saw the thers turning t the next page, I became s nervus that I culdn’t even wrk ut simple questins. I really want t knw hw t cntrl myself in exams. Culd yu give me sme advice?
Rb: I’m trying t review fr my exams, but it’s hard t cncentrate fr lng. I sit n the bed with my bks, but then I lie dwn and fall asleep. And my parents ask me t d things r my friends call, s I give up studying. I’m starting t panic. What shuld I d?
Lara: I get gd marks at schl, s my friends all want t cpy my hmewrk. But I spend a lt f time wrking while they’re having fun. It’s nt fair, and I’m getting fed up with this situatin. But hw d I tell them they can’t cpy my wrk—I dn’t want t lse my friends. Help!
ADVICE
Cncentrate n the exam. Dn’t daydream r be distracted by the ther test takers. Sme students d exams quickly, but this desn’t necessarily mean they get all questins right. Just stick t yur wn pace!
1.Which f the fllwing piece f advice might be helpful t Alice?
A. D exams quickly. B. Wrk at yur wn pace.
C. Have a regular rutine. D. Avid cheating in the exam.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题．Alice的问题是考试的时候容易受到别人的干扰，Advice部分建议正好是关于考试时候稳住自己的节奏，不受别人影响。故选B。
2.Why is Lara very angry with her friends?
A. Because they want t cpy her hmewrk.
B. Because they ften have fun withut her.
C. Because they take her hmewrk back hme.
D. Because they distract her during the exam.
【答案】A
【解析】细节查找题．根据文中信息 “I get gd marks at schl, s my friends all want t cpy my hmewrk.”可知答案为A。
3.Where are the texts mst prbably taken frm?
A. An English dictinary. B. A science magazine.
C. A business newspaper. D. A student magazine.
【答案】D
【解析】综合全文信息可知本文是关于学生遇到的问题，故选D。
B
（莆田第七中学2019-2020上学期高一年级期末考试）
A very dangerus situatin happened in Califrnia last week. Mre than 12 wildfires brke ut in the state. Mst f them began n Octber 8, in Nrthern Califrnia. They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds f up t 50 miles per hur and dry air in the area.
At least 20 peple have been killed, the state gvernment said. Abut 200 have been injured. At least 3,500 hmes and businesses have been destryed. Abut 50,000 peple have been required t escape. Many left in a hurry, withut time t take their persnal things. “All the gd stuff(东西)—I’m never ging t see it again,” Jeff Okrepkie said. He escaped frm his Santa Rsa hme. It was destryed sn after he left.
The fires burned thrugh parts f eight cunties(郡，县). These include Snma and Napa. The areas are imprtant t Califrnia’s ecnmy(经济). They are hme t many f the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂). In 2016, Califrnia’s wineries made mre than $57 billin.
Octber is when wildfires usually prduce the mst ruins in Califrnia. But it is unusual fr s many fires t start at nce. Up t nw, the gvernment has nt given a cause fr any f the fires, many f which were still burning.
4. Why did the fires grw quickly?
A. Mst f the fires began in Octber. B. 12 fires happened at the same time.
C. The state gvernment didn’t d anything. D. High-speed wind and dry air.
【答案】D
【解析】细节查找题。根据第一段信息“They grew rapidly. The fires were made bigger by winds f up t 50 miles per hur and dry air in the area.”可知答案为D。
5. Hw many peple have t leave their hmes?
A. 50,000. B. 200. C. 3,500. D. 20.
【答案】A
【解析】细节查找题。根据第二段信息“Abut 50,000 peple have been required t escape”可知答案为A。
6. What is the biggest lss fr Califrnia’ s ecnmy?
A. Hmes have been destryed. B. Wineries have been burned.
C. Peple have t leave their hmes.D. Many peple have been injured.
【答案】B
【解析】根据第三段信息“The areas are imprtant t Califrnia’s ecnmy(经济). They are hme t many f the state’s vineyards(葡萄园) and wineries(酿酒厂).”可知当地的主要经济形势是酒厂，故判断大火造成的经济损失主要在酒厂。故选B。
7. What is the cause f the fires?
A. The high-speed wind and dry air. B. Many fires started at nce.
C. Octber prduces the mst ruins. D. The cause is nt explained.
【答案】D
【解析】根据全文最后一句话可知答案为D。
C
Nt nly des the use f plastic water bttles hurt yur wallet, it als increases pllutin and wastes energy and water. Only 23% f all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning ver $ 1 billin wrth f plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rcks Lab has invented a kind f water bttle called Oh.
It is a cnvenient, clear water bttle that can either be drunken r eaten. T drink it, yu can either peel ff the membrane(薄膜) r tear a hle in the membrane with yur teeth t pur the water int yur muth. T eat it, yu simply put the whle bttle in yur muth. One prblem the scientists have run int is hw t ship large amunts f Oh bubbles(水泡) withut arriving with a very wet truck. Hwever, they have attempted t package units f individual bubbles tgether inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large utdr events, such as marathns, music festivals, and sprting events, where tns f plastic bttles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And t much plastic is sure t d harm t the envirnment, which culd accunt fr their purpse f such a new inventin.
The team has been wrking fr the past tw years t develp the technlgy and materials needed t prduce Oh; they have recently applied a patent fr their new advancements. The price fr an individual bubble r a unit f bubbles has nt been set yet, but they cst abut tw cents t create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bttles. It has appeared at events in Lndn, San Francisc, Bstn, at cnferences, festivals, and s n.
Oh is catching many peple’s attentin and has raised ver $ 1 millin and gained 1,000 investrs in nly three days. It is mstly being sld at events at the mment t keep the cnsumer’s interest while the prductin machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise, s keep an eye ut this year fr these bttles f the future.
8.Hw is mst plastic dealt with in America?
A. It’s sld. B. It’s recycled.
C. It’s buried. D. It’s wasted.
【答案】D
【解析】细节查找题．根据第一段中信息“Only 23% f all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning ver $ 1 billin wrth f plastic is treated as rubbish a year.”可知和只有23%的塑料杯回收，价值$ 1 billin的塑料都被当做垃圾处理掉了．故选D．
9.Why did the team invent Oh?
A. T make a prfit fr a cmpany. B. T prtect the envirntnent.
C. T make peple eat as they drink. D. T reduce the cst f plastic bttle.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题．第一段先介绍在美国塑料的回收利用并不理想，故有人研制出环保的材料，B选项和环保有关， 故为正确答案。
10.What can we infer abut Oh frm the text?
A. It is easy and safe t ship it in large amunts.
B. It has becme ppular since it began t be sld.
C. It might be sld at a lwer price than plastic bttles.
D. It cst the team a lt f mney t develp the technlgy.
【答案】C
【解析】细节查找题．根据文中信息“…but they cst abut tw cents t create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bttles.”可知和新材料Oh并不昂贵．故选C。
11.What des the authr really want t say in the last paragraph?
A. Oh is t be a success in the future.
B. Oh is being supprted by smart peple.
C. Oh is taking the place f plastic bttles nw.
D. Oh is being prduced t attract mre investrs.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题．根据全文最后一段信息“It is quickly making a rise, s keep an eye ut this year fr these bttles f the future.”可知作者很看好这种新材料。故选A．
D
With nly abut 1, 000 pandas left in the wrld, China is desperately trying t clne(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a mve similar t what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking fr the past five years in a prject called “Nah’s Ark”.
Nah’s Ark is aimed at cllecting eggs, embrys(胚胎), semen and DNA f endangered animals and string them in liquid nitrgen. If certain species shuld becme extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a prfessr in Texas A & M’s Cllege f Veterinary Medicine, says there wuld be enugh f the basic building blcks t reintrduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species f mammals, birds reptiles will becme extinct in ver 100 years. The panda, native nly t China, is in danger f becming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embry by intrducing cells frm a dead female panda int the egg cells f a Japanese white rabbit. They are nw trying t implant the embry int a hst animal.
The entire prcedure culd take frm three t five years t cmplete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) f ne species t anther is nt easy, and the lack f available(capable f being used) panda eggs culd be a majr prblem,” Kraemer believes. “They will prbably have t d several hundred transfers t result in ne pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a lng time and it’s difficult, but this culd be grundbreaking science if it wrks. They are certainly nt putting any live pandas at risk, s it is wrth the effrt,” adds Kraemer, wh is ne f the leaders f the Prject at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at clning a dg.
“They are trying t d smething that’s never been dne, and this is very similar t ur wrk in Nah’s Ark. We’re bth trying t save animals that face extinctin. I certainly appreciate their effrt and there’s a lt we can learn frm what they are attempting t d. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
12. The aim f “Nah’s Ark” prject is t _______.
A. make effrts t clne the endangered pandas
B. save endangered animals frm dying ut
C. cllect DNA f endangered animals t study
D. transfer the nuclear f ne animal t anther
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。
13. Accrding t Prfessr Kraemer, the majr prblem in clning pandas wuld be the lack f _______.
A. available panda eggs B. hst animals
C. qualified researchers D. enugh mney
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。从第6段第1句话 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) f ne species t anther is nt easy, and the lack f available (capable f being used ) panda eggs culd be a majr prblem 可以做出正确判断。
14. The best title fr the passage may be _______.
A. China’s Success in Pandas Clning
B. The First Clned Panda in the Wrld
C. Explring the Pssibility t Clne Pandas
D. China —the Native Place f Pandas Frever
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项;D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。
15. Frm the passage we knw that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in clning a dg
B. scientists try t implant a panda’s egg int a rabbit
C. Kraemer will wrk with Chinese scientists in clne researches
D. abut tw thusand f species will prbably die ut in a century
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinese scientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案为D
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sleep advice fr kids f all ages
It is imprtant fr each child t get enugh sleep every day. Here we will learn mre abut that.
Hw much sleep des a child need?
16 Newbrns 0 t 3 mnths shuld sleep 10 t 18 hurs a day. Babies 4 t 11 mnths shuld start t sleep thrugh the night, fr 9 t 12 hurs at a time. Tddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 t 2 years need abut 11 t 14 hurs a day. Children 3 t 5 shuld get 11 t 13 hurs a night. 17 Teenagers 14 and up need 8 t 10 hurs f sleep.
What can parents d?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable. 18 Even lder children can benefit frm late-afternn naps if they are nt getting enugh sleep at night. But keep them shrt--- 30 minutes at mst.
19 Remember t ask yur children t turn ff the televisin and the cmputer an hur befre bed. If pssible, get them ut f yur child’s bedrm since the light frm electrnic screens can make sleep a difficult jb.
Get them mving. 20 Running arund and playing sprts is great, but kids can be active in ther ways, t. Take the dg fr a walk, r g t the park --- just get them ut f the huse and get them mving.
A. Pay attentin t screen time.
B. It usually depends n their age.
C. It’s OK t g t bed 30 minutes later.
D. Kids 6 t 13 need 9 t 11 hurs f sleep.
E. Yunger children shuld take a shrt sleep during the day.
F. Energy drinks can keep kids frm falling r staying asleep.
G. Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【答案】BDEAG
【解析】
16. 被考查段落的中心句为“Hw much sleep des a child need?”空白处之后介绍不同年龄段的孩子需要的睡眠不一样。故选B。
17. 空白处前后信息提示不同年龄段的孩子的睡眠时间。故选D。
18. 空白处之后信息提示甚至是年长一些的孩子也需要午睡，故判断空白处应该是年幼的孩子需要午睡。
19. 空白处之后信息提示应该注意电视和电脑时间。故选A。
20. 本段第一句“Get them mving”提示本段应该是和锻炼身体有关。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Star Athlete
My name is Edward, and at ne time I was the star athlete at my schl fr fur cnsecutive（连续的） years. Sccer was my life fr as 21 as I culd remember. Fr at 22 six times a week, yu culd find me at the fields training. Within thse past fur years, I had 23 sixty gals fr my team. I even starred in ur lcal newspaper.
Mst athletes asked me hw I did it. Hw I 24 t g ut nce r twice a day t train. Mst athletes wuld be 25 ut, but nt me. I asked them hw they just naturally breathed. Ftball had been my life ever since I was five years ld. Having tw parents that played the game 26 me t becme the best athlete I culd ever be. My whle family played; nt 27 was like nt eating at my grandma's huse, nt acceptable. When I was three, my parents taught me hw t kick the ball, and that was when I 28 fell in lve with the game.
But that was past.When I was wrking up t the state champinship,I gt injured and the trainer tld me I culd never play again. I cried and my 29 was trn int pieces. Later, I 30 myself back up and went t Vanderbilt University n an academic schlarship.I might nt be a super star, but I 31 t let my life slip ut f my hands. Nw, I'm n my way t becming a dctr t help 32 like me. Smetimes I wnder wh I wuld be withut my injury, but then I realize I wuld nt have had this pprtunity. Things change 33 ,and yu have t learn t 34 it. Stp living in the past and live in the future. Everyne has a stry, but yu have t make yur wn ending. It's up t yu t persevere and fight fr yurself. Be yur wn 35 .
21. A. many B. lng C. well D. early
22. A.latest B.first C. mst D. least
23. A.reached B. scred C. achieved D. set
24. A. tried B. wanted C. selected D. managed
25. A. burnt B.wrked C.tried D. died
26. A. reminded B. persuaded C. influenced D. frced
27. A. playing B.helping C.rising D. exercising
28. A. persnally B.partly C. willingly D. cmpletely
29. A.mind B. heart C. head D. leg
30. A. wke B.dressed C. picked D. called
31. A. refused B.decided C. managed D. dared
32. A. stars B. adults C.children D. athletes
33. A. eventually B. frequently C. suddenly D.gradually
34. A. accept B.find C. receive D. understand
35. A.winner B. dctr C. trainer D. superstar
【答案】21-25BDBDA 26-30CADBC 31-35ADCAD
【解析】
21.考查形容词。 fr后面跟段时间，as lng as 表示长达，所以句意为就我记忆所及，足球就是我的生命。
22.从第二段内容可知作者每天都去练球，由此可知此处强调次数之多，at least 至少，符合题意。
23.考查动词。上文提到作者是足球明星，而且根据下句可知作者作为一个足球运动员非常出色，由此推测作者进球很多，scre a gal“踢进一球；得一分”，选B。
24.考查动词。从第一段可知作者每天都会出去训练，manage t d “成功做到”，故选D。
25.考查动词。作者每天都会去进行一两次的训练，别的运动员会对此没了兴趣，burn ut “筋疲力尽，热情等的逐渐消失”，故选A。
26.考查动词。根据下文内容可知全家人都踢足球，也就是说作者对足球的热爱是受父母影响的，故选C。
27.考查动词。根据前句中的played可知全家人都爱踢足球，故判断选A，。
28.考查副词。从上文可知作者对足球非常痴迷，所以完全陷入了对足球的热爱中，故选D。
29.考查名词。根据句中cried和前句内容可知作者听到不能继续踢球的消息伤心欲绝，故选B。
30考查动词。从下文内容可知虽然作者不能继续踢球了，但是他没有颓废，而是重新振作起来，pick up “跌倒后重新爬起来”，故选C。
31.考查动词。根据前后句内容可知作者没有屈服于命运，而是努力学习，在学业上取得了一定成绩，故选A。
32.考查名词。作者曾经是一名运动员，故选D。
33.考查副词。根据上文内容可知当作者在比赛时意外受伤，所以在此是事情常常是突然发生，没有预料，故选C。
34.考查动词。根据后句内容可知作者认为人们要勇于面对问题，要接受事实，故选A。
35.考查名词。从文章首段和本段中I might nt be a super star可以判断作者认为要做自己的明星，故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
last Friday a strm swept thrugh tw villages in the New Territries, ____36____ (destry) furteen hmes. Seven thers were s badly damaged ____37____ their wners had t leave them, and fifteen thers had brken windws r rfs. One persn was killed, several were____38____
(serius) hurt and taken t hspital, and a number f ther peple received smaller hurt. Altgether ver tw hundred peple were hmeless after the strm.
A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the strm began early ____39____ the mrning and lasted fr ver an hur.
“I ____40____ (eat) with my wife and children,” he said, “when we heard a lud nise. A few minutes later ur huse fell dwn n tp f us. We tried ur best ____41____ (climb) ut but then I saw that ne f my children was ____42____ (miss). I went back inside and fund him, safe ____43____ very frightened.”
Mrs. W Mei Fng said that her husband had just left fr wrk when she ____44____ (feel) that her huse was mving. She ran utside at nce with her children.
Sldiers helped t take peple ut f the flded area and the welfare department brught ____45____ (they) fd, clthes and shelter.
【答案及解析】
36.destrying 考查非谓语动词。destry与逻辑主语a strm之间表示主动关系,指自然而然的结果,因此用动词-ing形式。
37.that考查状语从句。引导结果状语从句。
38.seriusly考查副词的用法。空后是动词hurt,应用副词修饰。
39.in考查介词用法。in the mrning在上午。
40.was eating考查时态用法。此处意为“我和太太、孩子正在吃饭。”应用过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。
41.t climb 考查非谓语动词。 try ne’s best t d sth.尽力做某事。
42.missing 考查词性转换。 missing表示“找不到的,失踪的”。
43.but 考查连词用法。 根据空前后两个形容词是转折关系可知填but。
44.felt 考查时态。 根据前文的had just left可知此处应填一般过去时。
45.them 考查代词。 bring后跟双宾语,代词作宾语只能用宾格形式。
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
6月5日( June 5)是世界环境保护日， 我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重……。请以“ Hw t prtect ur envirnment/wrld? ”为题写一篇短文。内容包括:
存在问题及其影响:
1）水污染 2）砍伐森林严重 3）大气污染
2.如何改善/保护环境
注意：1、次数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已为你写好
Hw t prtect/save ur envirnment/wrld?
The envirnmental pllutin is mre and mre serius tday .
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为150左右。
(2017年6月浙江卷)On a bright, warm July afternn, Mac Hllan, a primary schl teacher, was cycling frm his hme t Alaska with his friends. One f his friends had stpped t make a bicycle repair, but they had encuraged Mac t carry n, and they wuld catch up with him sn. As Mac pedaled (骑行) alng alne, he thught fndly f his wife and tw yung daughters athme. He hped t shw them this beautiful place smeday.
Then Mac heard quick and lud breathing behind him. “Man, that’s a big dg!” he thught. But when he lked t the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dg at all, but a wlf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He fund ut his can f hear spray. With ne hand n the bars, he fired the spray at the wlf. A bright red clud envelped the animal, and t Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back f Mac’s bike, tearing pen his tent bag. He fired at the wlf a secnd time, and again, it fell back nly t quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was pedaling hard nw. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful nt t shw dwn. He saw a steep uphill climb befre him. He knew that nce he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wlf’s teeth wuld be tearing int his flesh.
At this mment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car n their way t Alaska. They didn’t think much f it when they saw tw cyclists repairing their bike n the side f the rad. A bit later, they sptted what they, t, assumed was a dg running alngside a man n a bike. As they gt clser, they realized that the dg was a wlf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in frnt f it as the wlf was catching up fast, just a dzen yards away nw.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The car suddenly stpped in frnt f him.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later,the ther tw cyclists arrived.
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stpped in frnt f him. Paul and Becky gt ut f the carimmediately t give help. But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare t fight with the wlf. Hwever, they still apprached t the wlf bravely. At the same time, the wlf als nticed them and turned its head back, shuting ludly at Paul and Becky. Mac then jumped ff the bicycle and was ready t fight against the wlf. That reached deadlck.
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the ther tw cyclists arrived. They fund the dangerus situatin, where three men circled the wlf. Mac’s friends als jumped ff their bicycles and jined the fight with the wlf. Mre and mre cars stpped. Sme drivers tk ut the sticks frm the cars, and sme tk ut the knives, even the guns twards the wlf. Just at that time, the wlf might feel the threats frm the peple, starting t withdraw. Sn, it ran away ff the rad and disappeared in the distance.
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