高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature导学案

Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一份观察日记

Step Ⅰ　文本研读

Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解

Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达

Write down useful sentences for an observational journal in the text.

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Step Ⅱ　知识点

熟记下列重要知识点

①side by side　　肩并肩地

②around    大约

③be shaped like    形状像……

(教材原句)On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.

每根茎上有两片叶子，又长又窄，质地光滑。

 [句式解构]　该主从复合句中主句部分使用了完全倒装； which引导非限制性定语从句，对leaves进行补充说明。

完全倒装：完全倒装就是将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，主要有以下几种情况：

(1)表示地点的介词短语＋不及物动词/系动词be＋主语(名词)

❶In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

在英国一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。

❷By the window stood a young fellow with a badge in his hand.

窗边站着一个年轻人，他的手里拿着一枚徽章。

(2)作表语的形容词/分词短语＋系动词be＋主语(名词)

❸Present at the party are several composers and geologists.

出席宴会的是几位作曲家和地质学家。

❹Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野都是野花。

(3)表示方位/地点/时间的副词(in, out, down, up, off, away, here, there, now, then等)＋不及物动词/系动词be＋主语(名词)

❺Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.

下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

❻Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。

❼Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。

[名师点津]　在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致。

In front of the house stands two tall trees.(×)

In front of the house stand two tall trees.(√)房前有两棵高树。

[即学即练]　完成句子

①________________ (在里面是) an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 21st century.

②________________________ (我们学校的中心坐落着) our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.

③________________________ (坐在地上的是) a group of young people.

④________________________ (在我们房子的前面有) a tall tree with a history of 1，000 years, which is protected by the government now.

⑤As she turned around, ________________ (站在那儿) Gladys Claffern.

⑥—How can I realize my dreams in a short time?

—Be practical. ______________________________ (你和你的梦想之间有) a lot of hard work.

Step Ⅲ　Writing an observational journal

[文体介绍]

观察描述类作文就是把观察到的事物按照时间或空间顺序描述出来。写作时要求内容真实，所见所闻要贴近自己的生活。写作前要细致观察，这样才能具体叙述，内容应包括被观察事物的外形、色彩、特点、动作等。写作时要突出中心，围绕一个内容、一种情景、一种感受进行写作，必要时结合自己的感受进行合理的想象，要有详有略、想象合理，写出新鲜感。

[写作要点]

(1)考虑好描写的视角和次序。视角就是我们通常所讲的人称，观察描述类作文用第一人称和第三人称都可以，但目的、内容和效果不同。描写次序是指先后顺序问题。一般来讲，观察描述类作文或是按空间顺序描写，或是按时间顺序描写。比如要描写植物生长的过程可按时间顺序，而描述一个房间时则需要按空间顺序。

(2)写作时要选择重点部分或内容来写。无论描写什么都不可能面面俱到，要选择最能体现事物特征的一两点进行详细描述，比如植物的生长有一些关键期，如种子发芽、长出茎、长出第一片叶子等，这些都是最好记录下来的。

(3)把描写和叙述结合起来。在写作中，描写通常需要与其他表达方式结合起来，尤其是常与叙述结合在一起。一般来说，描写是具体细致地描述客观事物，叙述是概括地描述事件的过程。

[常用表达]

❶You'd better put...in the sunlight.

你最好把……放在阳光下。

❷It's better for you to water...every day.

你最好每天都给……浇水。

❸If you take care of..., ...can grow better and better.如果你照顾好……，……会长得越来越好。

❹It comes in a variety of colours/shapes.

它有各种各样的颜色/形状。

❺It consists of several integrated parts.

它由几个互相关联的部分组成。

❻It is shaped like a circle.它的形状像个圆。

❼It is flat in shape and small in size.

它形状扁平，体积小。

❽...is attached to the bottom.……与底部相连。

[实践应用]

假定你是李华，老师让你根据下面的提示写一篇关于向日葵的观察日志。要点提示：

1．把向日葵的种子埋在土壤里，然后浇水。

2．一周后茎出来了。

3．约三周后，花蕾长大了。

注意：词数80左右。

第一步　布局谋篇

第二步　遣词造句

完成句子

1．用1～2厘米厚的潮湿的土盖住向日葵的种子，然后定期浇水。

(1)The sunflower seed is covered with 1～2 cm of moist soil ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________. (用并列句)

(2)________________________________________________________________________,

the sunflower seed is watered regularly. (过去分词作状语)

2．一周后，一根带着叶子和一个小花蕾的茎长出来，同时根继续向下长。

(1)A week later, a single stem grows with leaves and a small flower bud, ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________. (用并列句)

(2)A week later, a single stem grows with leaves and a small flower bud, ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________. (with的复合结构)

3．在向日葵茎顶端的花蕾首次出现大约三周后，它扩大并开始显示出一个扁平的圆盘。

(1)About three weeks ________________________________ at the tip of the sunflower stem, it enlarges and begins to reveal a flattened disc. (after时间状语从句)

(2)________________________________________________________________________

 at the tip of the sunflower stem, enlarge and begin to reveal a flattened disc. (it takes sth.＋some time＋动词不定式)

第三步　完美成篇

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Section Ⅳ　Writing——写一份观察日记

写作精析·技能提升

Step Ⅰ　文本研读

Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解

1．daffodil bulbs　2.are being watered　3.single stem　

4．have grown to　5.a single flower

Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达

(1)The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil, with the pointed ends facing up.

(2)Water has been added and the container was put in a cool, dark place.

(3)A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.

(4)On each stem are two leaves, which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.

(5)The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower.

Step Ⅱ　知识点

①Inside was　②In the centre of our school lies/is　

③Seated on the ground are　④In front of our house stands/is　⑤there stood　⑥Between you and your dreams stands/is

Step Ⅲ　Writing an observational journal

第二步

1．(1)and is watered regularly

(2)Covered with 1～2 cm of moist soil

2．(1)and at the same time the root continues to grow downwards

(2)with the root continuing to grow downwards at the same time

3．(1)after the flower bud first becomes visible

(2)It takes the flower bud about three weeks to first become visible

第三步

The sunflower seed is covered with 1～2 cm of moist soil and is watered regularly. The hard seed coat softens in the damp soil to allow it to root and the first leaves to push to the soil surface.

A week later, a single stem grows with leaves and a small flower bud, with the root continuing to grow downwards at the same time.

It takes the flower bud about three weeks to first become visible at the tip of the sunflower stem, enlarge and begin to reveal a flattened disc. It is yellow, looking beautiful.