高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature练习题

Unit5Revealingnature

SectionA　Startingout&Understandingideas

课后篇巩固提升

基础夯实

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.You are expected to answer 　　　　　　call with immediate actions. 

答案the

2.His name will live in history as one of the greatest bowlers 　　　　　all time. 

答案of

3.The robbery occurred in broad daylight,in a 　　　　　(crowd) street. 

答案crowded

4.He will not give up until he finds convincing 　　　　　(evident). 

答案evidence

5.Romances and friendships begin 　　　　　small talk. 

答案with

Ⅱ.短语填空

be crowded with;date back to;refuse to;come to exist;of all time;be regarded as;in question;adapt to

1.The history of self-knowledge 　　　　　over 2,000 years. 

答案dates back to

2.This World Cup has crowned one of the best teams 　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案of all time

3.The player 　　　　　　　　　　is Mark Williams. 

答案in question

4.Your heart might 　　　　　　　　　　　good things,work or sports or hobbies,but they were never designed to take first place in your heart. 

答案be crowded with

5.When he moved to France,his children 　　　　　the change very well. 

答案adapted to

6.Certain forms of knowledge 　　　　　　　　　in certain places. 

答案come to exist

7.But Daniel thinks it is unfair that his parents 　　　　　　　　　give him a chance to explain,so they don’t deserve to know the truth. 

答案refuse to

8.UN English Language Day:April 23rd.The date 　　　　　　　　　the death of William Shakespeare. 

答案is regarded as

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.在鞋类博物馆展出的“特殊用途”鞋让大多数游客感到惊奇。

Most of our visitors 　　　　　　　　　　and amazed—by the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. 

答案are shocked

2.首先,我得说,当你和父母沟通有困难时,你并不孤单。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’ve to say you’re not alone when having trouble communicating with parents. 

答案To begin with

3.她在新泽西的家中说:“迈格拉希的任何一次泄密都是一种耻辱。”

Speaking from her home in New Jersey,she said,“Any letting out of Megrahi would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.” 

答案be a disgrace

4.他们就要结婚了,而且还要一起做生意呢。

They are going to get married,and 　　　　　　　　　　they are setting up in business together. 

答案what’s more

5.目前我们还没有其他行星上存在生命的证据。

At present we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of life on other planets. 

答案have no evidence

素养提升

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然　体裁:说明文

Food storing is common in members of the crow (乌鸦) family.A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour,which may have evolved (进化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage.Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours — something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.

In another experiment,the researchers taught crows to select a token (礼品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.Again,the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour.This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning,which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour.

These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future — but they left an important question open for debate.Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage,or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions?Most critics would say the former,as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.

But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature.This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems.Instead,it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans.We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.Then we might be able to see how the crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过乌鸦,谈论有关动物的进化,但是目前还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。

1.What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?

A.They can store food.

B.They can use tools to recover food.

C.They can store and recover tools.

D.They can select and store food.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Somecrowspeciesareknowntonaturallyusetoolstorecoverfood...Buttheywereabletoinstantlyselectthetooloutofanumberofunnecessaryitems.”可知,对乌鸦的新发现是:它们可以存储和恢复工具。故选C项。

2.What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?

A.Reject it casually.

B.Exchange it for food.

C.Save it as their food.

D.Build a nest with it.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,科学家们训练乌鸦用奖品券来换食物。故选B项。

3.What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?

A.They are controversial.

B.They are disappointing.

C.They are contradictory.

D.They are convincing.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,科学家们关于动物可以为未来做计划的研究是有争议的。故选A项。

4.What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals?

A.They develop only with age.

B.It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.

C.No animals but crows benefit from them.

D.Planning for the future helps their evolution.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weneedtoinvestigatehowflexiblebehaviourevolved.”可知,还不清楚它们是怎样进化的。故选B项。

B

主题语境:人与自然　体裁:说明文

Plants cannot run or hide,so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves,others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them,chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack,letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.

When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime — a liquid the animals release as they slide along — onto soil,nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶),which is known to prevent plant-eating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming,and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”

Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails;in the latest study,his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫),which usually eat tomato leaves greedily,had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival,says Orrock.

The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious,a plant communication expert.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says.“The research was comprehensive,” he adds,“but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.”

“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says.He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究,研究表明植物对外在威胁相当警觉,会自动作出反应进行自我保护。

5.John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to 　　　. 

A.make them grow better

B.give them a warning

C.keep plant-eating animals away

D.inform plant-eating animals of danger

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知,JohnOrrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒黏液的目的是给予植物一种警告,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应,故选B项。

6.Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A.To introduce another animal.

B.To confirm the result of the study.

C.To appeal to people to protect animals.

D.To analyze different resistance chemicals.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.”可推知,文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果,故选B项。

7.What does Richard Karban really want to know?

A.How tomato plants become aware of danger.

B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are.

C.Whether the research is of practical value.

D.What the finding of the research is.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知,RichardKarban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何未接触蜗牛黏液而感觉到危险的,故选A项。

8.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Watchful Plants B.Greedy Animals

C.A Snail’s Approach D.A Defense Attack

答案A

解析主旨大意题。根据文章中的关键词plant,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应,故选A项。