高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature获奖ppt课件

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature获奖ppt课件，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了Nautilus，常识阅读与积累，seed，distant， disgrace，geologist， sample， evolve ，finch，beak 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Starting ut
Step 1. Starting ut
Step 2: Extensive Reading f the Passage
Step 3: Intensive Reading f the Passage
What s yu knw abut these unusual animals？
Kmd dragns:Kmd dragns were first encuntered by Western researchers 1910. The researcher said the ancestr f the Kmd dragn mst likely evlved in Australia ans spread westward, reaching the Indnesia island f Flres 900,000 years ag. 科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人员发现的。研究人员说，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亚进化而来，并向西传播，在90万年前到达印度尼西亚的弗洛雷斯岛。
Duck-billed platypusThe fist scientists t examine a preserved platypus bdy judged it a fake in the late 18th century. The ldest discvered fssil f the mdern platpus dates back t abut 100,000 years ag.18世纪晚期，第一批查看保存下来的鸭嘴兽尸体的科学家判定它是赝品。已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。
Duck-billed platypus
NautilusFssil recrds indicate that the nautilus has survived relatively unchanged fr arund 500 millin years. It is ften cnsidered a “living fssil”.化石记录表明，鹦鹉螺在大约5亿年的时间里相对稳定地存活了下来。经常被认为是“活化石”。
Imaginantin creates reality. Richard Wagner
Darwin's Thery f EvlutinDarwin's Thery f Evlutin is the widely held ntin that all life is related and has descended frm a cmmn ancestr: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flwers — all related. Darwin's general thery presumes the develpment f life frm nn-life and stresses a purely naturalistic (undirected不受干扰的) "descent with mdificatin". That is, cmplex creatures evlve frm mre simplistic ancestrs naturally ver time. In a nutshell, as randm genetic mutatins(基因突变) ccur within an rganism's genetic cde, the beneficial mutatins are preserved because they aid survival — a prcess knwn as "natural selectin." These beneficial mutatins are passed n t the next generatin. Over time, beneficial mutatins accumulate and the result is an entirely different rganism (nt just a variatin f the riginal, but an entirely different creature).
Darwin's Thery f Evlutin — Natural Selectin While Darwin's Thery f Evlutin is a relatively yung archetype(原型), the evlutinary wrldview itself is as ld as antiquity. Ancient Greek philsphers such as Anaximander pstulated the develpment f life frm nn-life and the evlutinary descent f man frm animal. Charles Darwin simply brught smething new t the ld philsphy - a plausible mechanism called "natural selectin." Natural selectin acts t preserve and accumulate minr advantageus genetic mutatins. Suppse a member f a species develped a functinal advantage (it grew wings and learned t fly). Its ffspring wuld inherit that advantage and pass it n t their ffspring. The inferir (disadvantaged) members f the same species wuld gradually die ut, leaving nly the superir (advantaged) members f the species. Natural selectin is the preservatin f a functinal advantage that enables a species t cmpete better in the wild. Natural selectin is the naturalistic equivalent t dmestic breeding. Over the centuries, human breeders have prduced dramatic changes in dmestic animal ppulatins by selecting individuals t breed. Breeders eliminate undesirable traits gradually ver time. Similarly, natural selectin eliminates inferir species gradually ver time.
Hw did Darwin make his discveries and cnclude his thery?
The British bilgist, naturalist and the funder f Thery f Evlutin.In his early years, he sailed arund the wrld n the Beagle fr five years, and bserved and cllected a lt f animals, plants and gelgical structures. He published the Origin f Species and put frward the thery f bilgical evlutin, thus destrying all kinds f idealistic creatinism and species invariance. In additin t bilgy, his thery has great influence n the develpment f anthrplgy, psychlgy and philsphy. Engels listed "Thery f Evlutin" as ne f the three majr discveries f natural science in the 19th century (the ther tw are cell thery and the law f cnservatin and transfrmatin f energy), which has made utstanding cntributins t mankind.英国的生物学家，自然学家和进化论的奠基人。早年乘坐贝格尔号舰作了历时5年的环球航行，对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。出版《物种起源》，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论以及物种不变论。除了生物学外，他的理论对人类学、心理学、哲学的发展都有不容忽视的影响。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两个是细胞学说、能量守恒转化定律），对人类有杰出的贡献。
Undesrtanding ideas
1. n. 种子，籽2. adj. 遥远的3. 响应号召4. n.丢脸，耻辱5. 是耻辱，是丢脸的事6. n.地质学家7. n.样本
___________________________________________________________________________________________
answer the call
be a disgrace
8. v.进化9. n.雀科鸣禽10. n.鸟嘴，喙11. /v.猜想，怀疑，觉得12. n.（动物的）原种，祖先13. n.进化（论）14. v.产生，创造
15. n. 赝品16. 追溯到 v. 遭遇，邂逅18. v. 幸存，存活19. 基因突变20. adj. 不合需要的21. n.特征，特质
date back t
genetic mutatin
undesirable
Extensive reading fr1. the main idea f the passage (skimming)2. the main idea f each paragraph (skimming)3. the rganizatin f the passage4. specific details in the passage (scanning)
The captain f the ship, the Beagle, wanted smene wh wuld “prfit by the pprtunity f visiting distant cuntries yet little knwn”. The persn wh answered the call was nt the captain’s first chice. It was a yung man wh had left medical schl withut cmpleting his degree. What’s mre, he had recently received a letter frm his father predicting that he wuld be “a disgrace t yurself and all yur family”. Despite all this, his adventures n this ship wuld lead t ne f the mst imprtant scientific discveries f all time.贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“你自己和你全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
Main idea: Darwin was nt the captain's first chice but his adventures n the Beagle led t ne f the mst imprtnat scientific discveries f all time.
The yung man in questin, Charles Darwin, was a gelgist and naturalist, fascinated by rcks, plants and animals. He left England n the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The jurney gave him the chance t study varius living things in their natural envirnments. After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America, his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected. As he studied these, he asked himself the questin: hw did different species cme t exist?这个受到质疑的年轻人就是地质学家和自然学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的?
Main idea: Darwin began his jurney.
At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time, and had nt changed since. But Darwin began t think differently. He nticed that sme species f animals were very similar t each ther. Maybe animals evlved as they adapted t their changing envirnments? It was just an idea, but enugh t inspire Darwin t lk fr mre evidence.当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。
Main idea: Darwin began t think differently.
When the Beagle reached the Galápags Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety f new species, but it was the birds that interested him the mst. Darwin nticed that there was a difference between the finches n each f the islands. It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular island.1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。Darwin suspected that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, which had arrived n the islands a lng time befre. Over time, it had slwly evlved int many new species. And that was the answer t hw new species f plants and animals came t exist: they evlved frm earlier ancestrs.达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
Main idea: Sme bird n the Galápags Islands interested Darwin .
Main idea: Darwin suspected that the birds evlved frm earlier ancestrs.
It was a cmpletely new idea—a thery f evlutin. Darwin explained this thery in his bk, On the Origin f Species. It was nt published until 1859 and immediately caused a strm. Many peple refused t believe that living things, including humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life. They were shcked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were s cnvincing that mre and mre peple started t believe his thery.这是一个全新的观点—进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。Tday, On the Origin f Species is regarded as ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written. It has changed ideas abut life n Earth frever. And it all began with the jurney n the Beagle.如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
Main idea: Mre and mre peple started t believe Darwin's thery f evlutin.
Main idea: On the Origin f Species is regarded as ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written.
This passage is a histrical expsitry essay, in which Darwin's jurney f discvery is described in chrnlgical rder. This kind f essay is usually used t tell abut a specific persn r event. S it's cnvenient t present all the facts frm earlier t the later and it's mre understandable fr the readers. Step 1. The beginning f the stryStep 2. The main events in sequential/chrnlgical rderStep 3. The ending f the stryRemember: Dn't jump frm ne thing t anther in the past but mve in sequential rder.
GENERATE IDEAS Darwin asked the questins: Hw did different species _______________ ________________
ON HIS JOURNEY Darwin studied_______________________ He nticed that sme species f animals were __________________
Number the puzzle pieces in rder. Organize infrmatin frm the passage and cmplete them.
DEVELOP IDEAS Darwin suspected that the finches __________________________ and it had__________________
LOOK FOR EVIDENCE On the Galápags Islands: He nticed ________________ It seemed the beaks ___________
had evlved frm lwer frms f life
cme t exist?
there was a difference between the finches n each f the islands.
had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular island
samples f the plants and animals
very similar t each ther.
had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr.
arrived n the islands a lng time befre
Maybe animals evlved as they adapted t their changing envirnments
Organizatin f the passage
Step 1. (Para.1.)Darwin began his jurney.
Step 2. (Para.2-3)Darwin generated ideas
Step 3. (Para.4)Darwin cllected evidence.
Step 4. (Para.5)Darwin develped his idea.
Step 5. (Para.6)Darwin publied his wrk, Thery f Evlutin.
Cnclusin (Para.7)Darwin's achievemnt and cntributin t the wrld.
1. What's the main idea f the passage?A. Darwin's interest in varius living things made hime a great naturalist.B. Darwin's jurney n the Beagle inspired his Thery f Evlutin.C. Darwin went n a jurney t cnfirm his thery that humans hadevlved ver time.D. Darwin made his Thery f Evlutin thugh he wasn't thught highly f at first.
2. Why were many peple “shcked” by Darwin's thery?A. Because Darwin's thery was a cmpletely new idea.B. Because Darwin's father predicted that he wuld be a disgrace.C. Because many peple had never been n a jurney befre.D. Because many peple thught humans were ttally differnt frm animals and plants.
3. What kind f persn was Darwin accrding t the passage?A. curageus B. funder f Thery f Evlutin C. wrking in a scientific wayD. talkative and persuasive
4. What can yu infer accrding t the passage?A. Darwin published his bk On the Origin f Species after returning frm his jurney 28 years ag. B. Peple in Eurpe in the 1800srefused t believe Darwin's thery because he didn't cmplete his medical degree. C. New species f plants and animals have evlved frm a cmmn ancestr.D. On the Origin f Species is regarded as ne f the mst influential wrks ever written.
Intensive reading fr1. key wrds and expressins in the passage2. grammar structure in the passage
The captain f the ship, the Beagle, wanted smene wh wuld “prfit by the pprtunity f visiting distant cuntries yet little knwn”. The persn wh answered the call was nt the captain’s first chice. It was a yung man wh had left medical schl withut cmpleting his degree. What’s mre, he had recently received a letter frm his father predicting that he wuld be “a disgrace t yurself and all yur family”. Despite all this, his adventures n this ship wuld lead t ne f the mst imprtant scientific discveries f all time.
wh引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smene,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
wh引导的定语从句，修饰先行词persn,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
wh引导的定语从句，修饰先行词yung man,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
动词的现在分词，非谓语动词，作宾补，和逻辑主语his father之间是主动关系
science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 scientific adj.科学的
1. They rushed ver t help the man ___________whse car had brken dwn.2. Wh is the persn ___________ is standing at the gate? 3. There is smebdy here __________ wants t talk t yu. 4. He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, ___________ greatly upsets me.5. It was the best ___________(knw) and prbably the mst ppular f her sngs. 6. ___________ (science) research and envirnment cnservatin are clsely cnnected.
The yung man in questin, Charles Darwin, was a gelgist and naturalist, fascinated by rcks, plants and animals. He left England n the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The jurney gave him the chance t study varius living things in their natural envirnments. After Darwin had spent sme time in Suth America, his rm n the ship was crwded with samples f the plants and animals he had cllected. As he studied these, he asked himself the questin: hw did different species cme t exist?
fascinate 使着迷，fascinating 令人着迷的，fascinated 着迷的，
that/which引导的定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略
过去完成时态，从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时
1. Madagascar is the mst ___________(fascinate) place I have ever been t.2. I sat n the stairs and watched, ___________(fascinate) . 3. The baggage hall was ___________(crwd) and nisy. 4. The market and street were crwded _________ thse wh'd cme t buy daily I gt t schl, I realized I ___________(leave) my backpack at hme.
fascinating
At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time, and had nt changed since. But Darwin began t think differently. He nticed that sme species f animals were very similar t each ther. Maybe animals evlved as they adapted t their changing envirnments? It was just an idea, but enugh t inspire Darwin t lk fr mre evidence.
inspire sb t d sth激励某人去做某事
adapt t sth 适应...（注意：t为介词)
similar t sth与...相似
过去完成时，某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作
1. I met Julia in the street yesterday. We ___________(nt see) each ther since she went t Beijing. 2. The basic design f the car is very similar _____ that f earlier mdels. 3. The wrld will be different, and we will have t be prepared t adapt_____ the change. 4. Teachers shuld inspire all students ___________(think) creatively.
hadn't seen
When the Beagle reached the Galápags Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety f new species, but it was the birds that interested him the mst. Darwin nticed that there was a difference between the finches n each f the islands. It seemed their beaks had evlved accrding t what fd was available n that particular island.Darwin suspected that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, which had arrived n the islands a lng time befre. Over time, it had slwly evlved int many new species. And that was the answer t hw new species f plants and animals came t exist: they evlved frm earlier ancestrs.
a variety f 种种，各种各样的
强调结构：It is/was+被强调的成分+that+句子剩余部分
宾语从句，放在介词t后作宾语
定语从句，修饰先行词ancestrs,此处指鸟类，为物，关系词which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。
ver time 随着时间的推移
It was a cmpletely new idea—a thery f evlutin. Darwin explained this thery in his bk, On the Origin f Species. It was nt published until 1859 and immediately caused a strm. Many peple refused t believe that living things, including humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life. They were shcked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were s cnvincing that mre and mre peple started t believe his thery.Tday, On the Origin f Species is regarded as ne f the mst imprtant wrks ever written. It has changed ideas abut life n Earth frever. And it all began with the jurney n the Beagle.
，直到...才+时间/状语从句
be regarded as...被认为是...;written为过去分词作后置定语，与前面的名词构成被动关系
shcked adj.描述人的感受或心理
cnvincing adj.令人信服的，描述事物的特征
1. I watched the car ___________ it was ut f sight. 2. Abraham Lincln _______________ as the mst successful president f mdern times. 3. Scientists say there is n ___________ evidence that pwer lines have anything t d with cancer. 4. This was a nasty attack and the wman is still very __________.
was regarded
1. He raised questins meant t plant _______(种子)f dubts in the minds f jurrs(陪审员).2. T _________(产生) new mney the sprt needs t be mre entertaining. 3. There is little dubt, hwever, that things will imprve in the nt t _______(遥远的) future.4. There was a vast __________(距离) between psychlgical clues and cncrete prf.5. All in all, at least at this stage, it's unlikely that nline learning will __________(进化) int the dminant frm f educatin.
6. His vice president als had t resign in __________(耻辱).7. His __________(祖先) had cme t America frm Ireland.8. He is the mst famus __________(地质学家) in the cuntry wh has already had a schl named after him.9. He __________(怀疑) that the wman staying in the flat abve was using herin.10. We based ur analysis n a randm __________(样本) f mre than 200 males.