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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品课时练习，文件包含Unit3单元测评课时习题新教材人教版2019高中英语选择性必修第四册docx、03Unit3单元测评人教选修4mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 3单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:Excuse me,you dropped something.It looks like a wallet.
W:Oh?It’s my passport!Thank you so much for picking it up!It must have fallen from my bag.
1.What did the woman drop?
A.Her wallet. B.Her bag. C.Her passport.
答案C
W:Hi,Henry.Did you say you’re going to take a vacation next week?
M:Actually,I’m leaving for San Francisco this weekend.
W:Cool.But I can’t get away until the end of August.
2.When will Henry start his vacation?
A.This weekend.
B.Next week.
C.At the end of August.
答案A
W:The museum has extra hours on Thursday this week.We could finally go after work.
M:I was planning to play basketball that night,but...I can change it to Friday.
3.What will the speakers do on Thursday?
A.Have a day off.
B.Go to the museum.
C.Play basketball.
答案B
M:We haven’t seen snow in three years.Let’s drive to the mountains this winter.
W:We can invite my parents,too.They can play with the kids while we go skiing.
4.Why does the woman want to invite her parents?
A.They like skiing.
B.They want to climb mountains.
C.They can look after the children.
答案C
M:Good morning,madam.What can I do for you?
W:Well,the sleeves of this jacket are too long.Can you make them shorter?
M:Let me take a look.Okay,I can do it for 20 dollars.
5.What does the man do?
A.He’s a tailor.
B.He’s a waiter.
C.He’s a shop assistant.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
W:The biggest mistake I made,uh...was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education.So,I’m thinking of going back to school.
M:School?To study what?
W:Ecology.I’m interested in the relationship between humans and nature.
M:Cool.Is it what you studied years ago?
W:No,I majored in chemistry then.
6.What does the woman regret?
A.Giving up her research.
B.Dropping out of college.
C.Changing her major.
答案B
7.What is the woman interested in studying now?
A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
W:What are you looking at,Jim?
M:I’m reading an article about the world’s homeless population.
W:Homeless population?
M:Yes,sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night.These figures show five countries with large homeless population.
W:Wow,that’s amazing.I never realized that there were so many homeless people in Germany and France.
M:You know what?Our own country the USA ranks number one among these countries!
W:Surely not!India tops the list with three million homeless people.
M:Well,it depends on how you look at it.Although we have a million fewer homeless people than India,we have the highest percentage of homeless people.
8.How does the man get the information about homeless population?
A.From an article.
B.From the radio.
C.From TⅤ.
答案A
9.How does the woman feel about the figures of homeless people?
A.Proper. B.Amazed. C.Puzzled.
答案B
10.Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people?
A.India. B.The US. C.Germany.
答案B
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
W:Can I help you,sir?
M:I’d like to buy a camera.
W:Right.We have ordinary cameras,movie cameras and video cameras.They’re all digital.
M:Well,I am thinking of a video camera.
W:Let’s see.How much do you want to spend,sir?
M:Oh,I’m not really sure.What is the price?
W:Well,that depends on the model and anything else you want to have with it.
M:I see.
W:How about this one?It has one of the new memory sticks,and a protective case for filming underwater so you can take it when you go diving.
M:Does it have auto-focus?
W:No,it doesn’t.
M:That’s okay.The underwater filming is important for me,actually.How much is this?
W:It costs 650 euros.
M:Oh,that’s a bit expensive for me.Have you got anything similar but less expensive?
W:Well,here is the sale of the week.It’s excellent for the price,only 470 euros,and it includes...
11.What kind of camera does the man want?
A.A TV camera.
B.A video camera.
C.A movie camera.
答案B
12.Which function is the man most interested in?
A.Underwater filming.
B.A large memory.
C.Auto-focus.
答案A
13.How much would the man pay for the second camera?
A.950 euros. B.650 euros. C.470 euros.
答案C
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
M:Hello.Is that Cathy?
W:Yes,speaking.
M:There is a really good film on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening?
W:No.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m going to take part in a meeting at Peking University on Friday.
M:What a pity!How long will the meeting last?
W:It depends.I’d love to see a science fiction film.
M:I know you like it.Both of us like science fiction films since childhood.
W:I can never forget the first science fiction film we watched together.
M:Yes,Star Wars!It was so exciting!We could not fall asleep after the film although it lasted 2 hours until 11 o’clock.Well,what about Saturday then?
W:That would be great.What time does it start?
M:At 7:00 pm.Would you like to go for a drink first?
W:Yes,fine.Is six o’clock OK?We can meet outside the cinema.
M:OK.
14.Where will the woman go on Friday?
A.To Peking University.
B.To the cinema.
C.To the man’s home.
答案A
15.What kind of film does the woman like?
A.Action films.
B.Science fiction films.
C.Comedies.
答案B
16.What time did Star Wars start?
A.At 11:00 pm.
B.At 9:00 pm.
C.At 2:00 pm.
答案B
17.What will they do first on Saturday evening?
A.Buy the tickets.
B.Watch the film.
C.Have a drink.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
Hello,everyone.Today I’m going to talk about small talk,that is,short conversations people often have with strangers they meet.Such exchanges occur at bus stops,on buses,while waiting in line,almost anywhere that strangers gather close together.As a matter of fact,these short conversations are a good way for people to say hello and express friendliness.Such conversations usually cover a wide range of topics.The topics may include weather,customer service,movies,TV shows,local sports or latest news.But you should always keep it in your mind that private questions about salaries,family life,religious beliefs and politics should be avoided during these conversations.Besides,it’s better to ask open-ended questions.If you ask visitors,“Do you like our city?” They may say simply,“Yes”.On the other hand,if you ask,“What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering.This type of question also shows that you are interested in them.If you appear interested in what people are saying,they’d feel more comfortable talking with you.
18.Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker?
A.Relatives. B.Strangers. C.Visitors.
答案B
19.Why do people have small talk?
A.To express opinions.
B.To avoid arguments.
C.To show friendliness.
答案C
20.What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture?
A.Asking open-ended questions.
B.Feeling free to change topics.
C.Making small talk interesting.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
When you throw something in the trash,soon a garbage truck will come to take it away.Then where does it go?That depends on where you live.Different towns deal with trash in different ways.
Recycling
A recycling truck picks up paper,cardboard,metal,plastic and glass.These go to the recycling plant to be sorted and made into new things.
Incinerator
An incinerator is a huge stove that burns trash to make heat and electricity.The ash that’s left gets buried in a landfill.Trash ash can be poisonous,so it has to be stored carefully.But it takes up a lot less room than just plain trash.
Compost
Food waste might go to a composter.In a compost heap(堆肥堆),bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food.They turn it into good,rich oil.Some people keep compost heaps in their gardens.Big commercial composters handle waste from restaurants and farms.
Landfills
Some trash gets buried in landfills.A landfill starts as a big hole.Trucks dump trash.Big earth movers push it into place and crush it down.They cover the trash with dirt to keep scavengers(食腐动物) away.The bottom of a landfill is lined with a barrier to keep bad things from leaking into the ground.Pipes drain away liquid.When the landfill is full,it’s covered with earth.It might become a park or lawn.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法。
21.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Recycling helps to generate energy.
B.Bacteria and worms help handle food waste.
C.The landfill is used to drive scavengers away.
D.Trash ash is carefully handled to save room.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Compost中的第二句“In a compost heap,bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food.”可知,B项“细菌和蠕虫有助于处理剩下的食物”正确。
22.What does the underlined word “They”(Para.4) refer to?
A.Dead plants. B.Composers.
C.Bacteria and worms. D.Food waste and soil.
答案C
解析代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food”以及“...turn it into good,rich oil.”可知,此处的they指的就是“Bacteria and worms”。
23.What’s the purpose of the passage?
A.To inform us of trash treatment.
B.To appeal for trash classification.
C.To discuss solutions to trash pollution.
D.To raise awareness of the harm of trash.
答案A
解析写作目的题。根据表格第一段最后一句“Different towns deal with trash in different ways(不同的城市有不同的处理垃圾的办法)”以及表格中的四个小标题Recycling(循环), Incinerator(焚烧), Compost(堆肥)以及 Landfills(填埋)可知,这篇文章是在向读者介绍四种垃圾处理的方法,所以选A项。
B
The world can be a scary place when you’re young.It can be even scarier when you’re a young little blue penguin(企鹅)—the tiniest of the penguin species.Luckily,there are some humans willing to help.They stepped in to protect Billy,a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch,New Zealand.
Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay,near Sumner,in Christchurch,the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon,and he biked home to get his camera.When he returned to the scene,he found that the penguin had received a little sign,one that read “Hi,I’m waiting for my mum to come back.DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I’m here.Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.Thanks.Billy—the baby blue penguin.”
Billy didn’t move away from the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy,though they were surprised to see it on the beach.“It’s unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day,”Anita Spencer,a DOC senior ranger,told Stuff.
Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Centre after being retrieved from the beach.Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin,and is around 2 months old.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.
The centre will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice,before it’s set free into the ocean.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
24.Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin?
A.It is a rare species.
B.It faces potential danger.
C.It is surrounded by the crowd.
D.It is threatened by dogs.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容,尤其是“Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.”可知,当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它,不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知,对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲,这个世界是可怕的,因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。
25.It can be inferred from the text that Billy .
A.is a female penguin
B.has expressed its thanks
C.weighs less for its age
D.prefers living on the beach
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克,而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知,这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。
26.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?
A.Ignored. B.Cured.
C.Given away. D.Brought back.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知,画线词与brought back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。
27.What will happen to Billy in the centre?
A.It will be reported to Stuff.
B.It will be visited by the locals.
C.It will be taken good care of.
D.It will be fed with fruit juice.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前,康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知,在企鹅康复中心里,这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。
C
Female seals don’t change their spots,according to a new study by University of Alberta biologists.In fact,individual differences in boldness remain consistent(一致的) over time.The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality.Animal personality influences many ecological processes,like how individuals interact with other species or respond to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers studied female seals on Sable Island,home to the world’s largest grey seal colony.Over a period from 2008 to 2016,biologist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured boldness responses in the female seals when defending their young.
“During the breeding season,we saw that females tend to behave consistently,not only between years,but also within the lactation period(哺乳期) of a given year,” explained Bubac,lead author and PhD student in the Department of Biological Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Coltman.“This provides an example of animal personality,with consistent individual differences observed over time.”
Bubac also examined how reproductive success is related to a seal’s boldness or shyness.Grey seals nurse for 16 to 18 days,so mother seals have a very short window to get baby seals as fat as they can.During this time,baby seals triple(增至三倍) in body mass.Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances of survival.“On average,we found that bolder females stop feeding those that are two kilograms heavier,compared with the shyest females,improving their chances of surviving the first year of life,” said Bubac.
These results present some very interesting biological questions,explained Coltman,professor of biology.“This research shows that young grey seal moms that are bold tend to stop feeding larger puppies compared with shy moms.However,older grey seals also tend to be bolder.If bolder animals have bigger pups and live longer,why does variation in boldness remain?Why be shy?”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海豹也是有个性的,而海豹的个性差异会影响后代繁衍。
28.What is the purpose of the study of seals?
A.To test their effects on ecological processes.
B.To study how seals interact with each other.
C.To check how the environment affects mammals.
D.To examine marine mammals’ personality difference.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality.”可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳动物的个性差异。
29.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Animals have remained their personality since they were born.
B.Female seals behave more boldly in the lactation period.
C.Seals’ boldness responses remain the same over time.
D.The study on seals’ personality has been very mature.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“During the breeding season...within the lactation period of a given year”及“This provides an example of animal personality,with consistent individual differences observed over time.”可知,海豹的勇敢性保持不变。
30.Which of the following may Christi Bubac agree with?
A.Bolder female seals adjust the nursing time to their babies’ weight.
B.Mother seals tend to get babies as slim as possible.
C.It usually takes mother seals 20 days to nurse.
D.Bolder female seals feed less than shy ones.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances of survival.”可知,更勇敢的海豹妈妈喂养宝宝的时间长短以宝宝的体重为依据。
31.Where are we most likely to read the text?
A.In a travel guide. B.In a textbook.
C.In a magazine. D.In an art gallery.
答案C
解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了海豹的个性差异以及对后代的繁衍,属于研究报告,最可能出现在杂志上。
D
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。
32.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt-free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选A项。
33.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当地的生态系统。故选A项。
34.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是but前面出现的短语keep sth in check“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选D项。
35.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky.
C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Morgan所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thousands of years ago,people started building boats to help them explore the watery parts of the world.Boats let people find new hunting grounds and discover new lands. 36
The earliest boats were probably logs that people sat on as they floated downstream.Later,people made these logs more useful and comfortable by burning and scraping away the insides to make dugout boats and canoes.
37 They tied logs together to make rafts.They wove reeds and branches to make tidy little boats that are still used in many parts of the world today.They sewed animal skins together and filled them with air—like a float you might use in a swimming pool.They used paddles,poles,and oars to help steer,or to move upstream.
Boats like the Greek trireme(三列桨船) were big and heavy and hard to steer. 38 Soon people figured out how to use sails to catch the wind.Early sailboats might only have one or two sails.But more sails meant more power,and fast tall ships could have dozens.People still use sailboats today,for cruising and racing.
When steam engines were invented,boating became easier than ever. 39 As engines got bigger and better,so did boats.
Over the years,boats have been used for fishing,for fighting,for carrying goods,for fun—even for living on. 40
A.The world is a watery place.
B.It took hundreds of rowers to move a boat like that.
C.People experimented with different kinds of floating boats.
D.Boats have turned the world’s waterways into highways.
E.Until people learned to build boats,all this water was a barrier.
F.They carried people and goods farther than they’ve ever gone before.
G.Ships with steam engines could sail long distances,even if there was no wind.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文讲述了船的产生及其发展过程。轮船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路。
36.F 根据“Boats let people find new hunting grounds and discover new lands.”可知,所填的句子和上文是并列关系,介绍船的作用,所以选F项。
37.C 由本段中提到的“tied logs together to make rafts”“wove reeds and branches to make tidy little boats”和“sewed animal skins together...”可知,本段的主题句应为人们用许多材料进行试验,所以选C项。
38.B 根据“...were big and heavy and hard to steer.”可知,B项符合语境。
39.G 解答本题的关键是“steam engines”,G项中有“steam engines”,而且语意与文章一致。
40.D 所填的句子是对全文的总结。D项“船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路”是对文章的概括和总结。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most of us have experienced a change of image at some time in our lives.The change may be so 41 that hardly anyone notices the difference,or it may be so great that even our close friends don’t immediately 42 us.
Changes of image may be personal or public.A(n) 43 change is something that is 44 for us as individuals but fairly normal for society. 45 ,if a man gets his head shaved,this may be an important change for him personally,but it isn’t 46 for society in general.However,in many parts of the world,people can’t stand a woman getting her head shaved.When American pop star Britney Spears shaved her head,many people decided that she must be losing her 47 .
Head shaving may 48 some people because of its shock value—it may be a symbol of independence,of escape from 49 attitudes.It is a very public act and it forces people to 50 you differently.In that way,it is perhaps similar to piercing (扎眼).People think that when they have it done,they are 51 what they look like.Not all piercing is shocking,however.For women,having your ears pierced is seen as quite 52 ,while having a nose stud (鼻饰) is slightly unusual, 53 still not shocking.For men on the other hand,wearing earrings is still quite surprising and piercing of other parts of the face cannot be 54 in some places.
One reason why piercing may be shocking is that it suggests self-inflicted (加于自身的) pain,which some people might find 55 to see.In that respect,it is like tattoos (纹身).But having a tattoo done is often a cause for regret because tattoos are more permanent.It’s said that 75% of people eventually regret having a tattoo done.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章探讨了改变个人形象可能给个人和社会带来的影响。
41.A.rapid B.real C.slight D.sudden
答案C
解析根据下文的“hardly anyone notices the difference”和“great”可知,此处指“微小的(slight)变化”。
42.A.believe B.recognize C.praise D.ignore
答案B
解析根据上文的“great”可知,有时变化大得连好朋友都不能立刻“认出(recognize)”我们。
43.A.personal B.final C.public D.entire
答案A
解析根据上文的“personal or public”和下文的“as individuals”可知,此处介绍“个人的(personal)”变化。
44.A.new B.nice C.complete D.great
答案A
解析根据下文的“but fairly normal for society”可知,这对于自己来说是一种“新的(new)”改变。
45.A.At first B.In addition
C.Above all D.For example
答案D
解析根据下文的“if a man gets his head shaved”可知,此处在“举例(For example)”。
46.A.shocking B.interesting
C.preferable D.practical
答案A
解析根据上文的“fairly normal for society”可知,男人剃光头不会让人觉得“吃惊(shocking)”。
47.A.heart B.mind C.place D.life
答案B
解析根据However可知,本部分与上文形成转折关系,指在很多地方人们无法容忍女人剃光头。因此,人们看到Britney Spears剃了光头时,都觉得她“脑子(mind)”不正常。
48.A.attract B.change
C.frighten D.challenge
答案A
解析根据下文的“it may be a symbol of independence”可知,此处谈剃光头“吸引(attract)”人的原因。
49.A.realistic B.careless
C.negative D.conventional
答案D
解析根据常识可知,此处与independence并列,指剃光头是独立的、不被“传统的(conventional)”思想禁锢的象征。
50.A.like B.treat C.know D.find
答案B
解析之所以特立独行是希望人们“对待(treat)”自己时可以有所不同。
51.A.showing B.destroying
C.imagining D.controlling
答案D
解析上文讲人们通过剃光头来改变别人对自己的看法,与此“相似(similar)”,人们认为自己可以通过扎耳洞、戴鼻饰等行为“控制(controlling)”自己的外表。
52.A.normal B.cruel C.painful D.strange
答案A
解析根据常识及上文的“Not all piercing is shocking”可知,女人扎耳洞是很“寻常(normal)”的事。
53.A.so B.but C.for D.or
答案B
解析虽然女人戴鼻饰有些不同寻常,“但是(but)”仍不至于在社会上引起轩然大波。
54.A.noticed B.explained
C.prevented D.accepted
答案D
解析本段比较了男女的不同。根据on the other hand可知,男人戴耳饰被认为是一种“令人惊讶的(surprising)”行为,要是在身体其他部位打洞在一些地方根本不被人“接受(accepted)”。
55.A.impossible B.uncertain
C.unusual D.uncomfortable
答案D
解析大家之所以觉得打洞不容易接受是因为这种行为所带来的疼痛让很多人“不舒服(uncomfortable)”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The day before he heads to a war,an undefeated 56.(command) named Qi has a dream in which he loses a battle and dies.When he wakes up,Qi gets ready to go and fight.While gaining successive victories,Qi decides to celebrate,although there is a final battle 57.(wait) for him.When he gets 58.(drink) and falls asleep in his tent,Qi’s army 59. (attack) by the enemy and he gets killed just as his dream predicted.This is the story that has inspired the latest Kunqu Opera production.
As one of the oldest of the traditional Chinese opera 60. (form),Kunqu Opera,which is about 600 years old,61. (combine) singing,dancing and lyrical recitation performed in the Suzhou dialect(方言).UNESCO listed Kunqu Opera as an intangible heritage(非物质文化遗产)of humanity in 2001.
Earlier this year,a plan of combining Kunqu Opera and traditional Chinese idioms was developed,62. would allow young Chinese directors and Kunqu Opera performers 63. (work) together.The young artists are working on developing original plays based on traditional Chinese idioms to keep 64. tradition alive while making it popular again 65. new ideas.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项将昆曲和中国传统成语结合起来的计划。该计划使年轻的艺术家们致力于创作基于中国传统成语的原创戏剧,以保持昆曲传统的活力,同时让它以新的理念再次流行起来。
56.commander 考查名词。冠词an以及形容词undefeated修饰名词,且空格处后的“named Qi”表明空格处需要一个表示身份的名词,故填commander,表示“指挥官,将军”。
57.waiting 考查非谓语动词形式。battle与wait之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填waiting。
58.drunk 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作gets的表语,故填drunk,表示“喝醉了的”。
59.is attacked 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,全文的基础时态为一般现在时,Qi’s army 与attack之间构成被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is attacked。
60.forms 考查名词。one of后接可数名词复数,故填forms。
61.combines 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空白处需要填写谓语动词,由于陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是Kunqu Opera,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填combines。
62.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。
63.to work 考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to work。
64.the 考查冠词。此处特指昆曲的传统,所以用定冠词表特指,故填the。
65.with 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处用“with+名词”作状语,表示“以,用”,故填with。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jenny来信说她想在暑假期间来中国学习汉语并对中国戏剧也感兴趣。请你用英语给她回信,提供一些建议。
内容包括:
1.参加汉语学习班等;
2.观看京剧专场演出;
3.你对她中国之行的愿望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Jenny,
I am glad to know that you are coming to China for learning Chinese language this summer vacation.Besides,hearing that you are interested in Beijing Opera,I’d like to offer some suggestions to you.
Firstly,you’d better apply for a Chinese language training class and attend the class actively every day.In such a class you will learn Mandarin quickly and effectively.Secondly,you can watch the special performance of Beijing Opera.Beijing Opera plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture and it’s widely accepted in China.Thus you will have a better understanding of Chinese language by doing so.
I wish you a happy stay in China and leave a wonderful impression forever.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Deep Sea Diving
The small canoe-like boat rocked as the breakers crashed against the shore.I sat in one corner,just a little nervous.After all I was about to go deep sea diving and I was just thirteen.My mouth was dry,my hands shaking.My father smiled at me,and that was more than enough to settle my shaking nerves.The water was cold,my body chilled.I was in the water and now,my oxygen tank had to be put on.It was quite a task to say the least.I was half under the water and strapping up the tank,which was incredibly daunting.Now,I felt as if I was going to throw up.Then it was done,and the tank securely strapped around me.I was ready and the courage had returned.
My instructor and I dipped under the water.An expanse of crystal blue waters enveloped me.I took a deep breath and let it out;an army of bubbles charged out of my mask.I moved my legs up and down.At first it seemed empty.But then a school of fish zoomed past us.I watched in amazement as they swam in unison (一致).I started to descend further into Neptune’s terrain.There was coral,fish and oyster.There was purple;there was green and there was red.I breathed in the oxygen and let it out,watching the bubbles erupt out again and again.I felt free like a fish.We descended further down,the silky white sand of the seabed coming into view.
As we reached the seabed of the Indian Ocean,I noticed all the star fish camouflaged(隐藏) on the coral.We knelt down on the sand,the smooth grains scratching at my bare knees.This is when I noticed the beauty of the sea.The bright rays of the sun had illuminated the whole ocean,the reflections rippling on the sand.My instructor pointed towards an oyster,the tiny white structure opening and closing its mouth to reveal its velvety tongue.I found it the most beautiful of all creatures I had come across in my underwater journey.
Soon it was time to resurface back to our atmospheric terrain.I was sad to say the least.It felt as though I was meant to stay here forever,like a child of the ocean.
参考范文
The story is about the writer’s first experience of deep sea diving.(要点1) At thirteen,the writer went diving for the first time.Without doubt she was nervous about it.As she went into the cold water,she became more frightened.(要点2) What she saw in the water made her relaxed.She was surrounded with all kinds of colorful fish and she swam like a fish,too.(要点3) The beauty of the sea touched the writer,which attracted her to be a child of the sea.(要点4)
Unit 3单元测评
(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:Excuse me,you dropped something.It looks like a wallet.
W:Oh?It’s my passport!Thank you so much for picking it up!It must have fallen from my bag.
1.What did the woman drop?
A.Her wallet. B.Her bag. C.Her passport.
答案C
W:Hi,Henry.Did you say you’re going to take a vacation next week?
M:Actually,I’m leaving for San Francisco this weekend.
W:Cool.But I can’t get away until the end of August.
2.When will Henry start his vacation?
A.This weekend.
B.Next week.
C.At the end of August.
答案A
W:The museum has extra hours on Thursday this week.We could finally go after work.
M:I was planning to play basketball that night,but...I can change it to Friday.
3.What will the speakers do on Thursday?
A.Have a day off.
B.Go to the museum.
C.Play basketball.
答案B
M:We haven’t seen snow in three years.Let’s drive to the mountains this winter.
W:We can invite my parents,too.They can play with the kids while we go skiing.
4.Why does the woman want to invite her parents?
A.They like skiing.
B.They want to climb mountains.
C.They can look after the children.
答案C
M:Good morning,madam.What can I do for you?
W:Well,the sleeves of this jacket are too long.Can you make them shorter?
M:Let me take a look.Okay,I can do it for 20 dollars.
5.What does the man do?
A.He’s a tailor.
B.He’s a waiter.
C.He’s a shop assistant.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
W:The biggest mistake I made,uh...was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education.So,I’m thinking of going back to school.
M:School?To study what?
W:Ecology.I’m interested in the relationship between humans and nature.
M:Cool.Is it what you studied years ago?
W:No,I majored in chemistry then.
6.What does the woman regret?
A.Giving up her research.
B.Dropping out of college.
C.Changing her major.
答案B
7.What is the woman interested in studying now?
A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
W:What are you looking at,Jim?
M:I’m reading an article about the world’s homeless population.
W:Homeless population?
M:Yes,sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night.These figures show five countries with large homeless population.
W:Wow,that’s amazing.I never realized that there were so many homeless people in Germany and France.
M:You know what?Our own country the USA ranks number one among these countries!
W:Surely not!India tops the list with three million homeless people.
M:Well,it depends on how you look at it.Although we have a million fewer homeless people than India,we have the highest percentage of homeless people.
8.How does the man get the information about homeless population?
A.From an article.
B.From the radio.
C.From TⅤ.
答案A
9.How does the woman feel about the figures of homeless people?
A.Proper. B.Amazed. C.Puzzled.
答案B
10.Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people?
A.India. B.The US. C.Germany.
答案B
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
W:Can I help you,sir?
M:I’d like to buy a camera.
W:Right.We have ordinary cameras,movie cameras and video cameras.They’re all digital.
M:Well,I am thinking of a video camera.
W:Let’s see.How much do you want to spend,sir?
M:Oh,I’m not really sure.What is the price?
W:Well,that depends on the model and anything else you want to have with it.
M:I see.
W:How about this one?It has one of the new memory sticks,and a protective case for filming underwater so you can take it when you go diving.
M:Does it have auto-focus?
W:No,it doesn’t.
M:That’s okay.The underwater filming is important for me,actually.How much is this?
W:It costs 650 euros.
M:Oh,that’s a bit expensive for me.Have you got anything similar but less expensive?
W:Well,here is the sale of the week.It’s excellent for the price,only 470 euros,and it includes...
11.What kind of camera does the man want?
A.A TV camera.
B.A video camera.
C.A movie camera.
答案B
12.Which function is the man most interested in?
A.Underwater filming.
B.A large memory.
C.Auto-focus.
答案A
13.How much would the man pay for the second camera?
A.950 euros. B.650 euros. C.470 euros.
答案C
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
M:Hello.Is that Cathy?
W:Yes,speaking.
M:There is a really good film on at the cinema this week.Would you like to see it with me on Friday evening?
W:No.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m going to take part in a meeting at Peking University on Friday.
M:What a pity!How long will the meeting last?
W:It depends.I’d love to see a science fiction film.
M:I know you like it.Both of us like science fiction films since childhood.
W:I can never forget the first science fiction film we watched together.
M:Yes,Star Wars!It was so exciting!We could not fall asleep after the film although it lasted 2 hours until 11 o’clock.Well,what about Saturday then?
W:That would be great.What time does it start?
M:At 7:00 pm.Would you like to go for a drink first?
W:Yes,fine.Is six o’clock OK?We can meet outside the cinema.
M:OK.
14.Where will the woman go on Friday?
A.To Peking University.
B.To the cinema.
C.To the man’s home.
答案A
15.What kind of film does the woman like?
A.Action films.
B.Science fiction films.
C.Comedies.
答案B
16.What time did Star Wars start?
A.At 11:00 pm.
B.At 9:00 pm.
C.At 2:00 pm.
答案B
17.What will they do first on Saturday evening?
A.Buy the tickets.
B.Watch the film.
C.Have a drink.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
Hello,everyone.Today I’m going to talk about small talk,that is,short conversations people often have with strangers they meet.Such exchanges occur at bus stops,on buses,while waiting in line,almost anywhere that strangers gather close together.As a matter of fact,these short conversations are a good way for people to say hello and express friendliness.Such conversations usually cover a wide range of topics.The topics may include weather,customer service,movies,TV shows,local sports or latest news.But you should always keep it in your mind that private questions about salaries,family life,religious beliefs and politics should be avoided during these conversations.Besides,it’s better to ask open-ended questions.If you ask visitors,“Do you like our city?” They may say simply,“Yes”.On the other hand,if you ask,“What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering.This type of question also shows that you are interested in them.If you appear interested in what people are saying,they’d feel more comfortable talking with you.
18.Who would like to make small talk according to the speaker?
A.Relatives. B.Strangers. C.Visitors.
答案B
19.Why do people have small talk?
A.To express opinions.
B.To avoid arguments.
C.To show friendliness.
答案C
20.What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture?
A.Asking open-ended questions.
B.Feeling free to change topics.
C.Making small talk interesting.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
When you throw something in the trash,soon a garbage truck will come to take it away.Then where does it go?That depends on where you live.Different towns deal with trash in different ways.
Recycling
A recycling truck picks up paper,cardboard,metal,plastic and glass.These go to the recycling plant to be sorted and made into new things.
Incinerator
An incinerator is a huge stove that burns trash to make heat and electricity.The ash that’s left gets buried in a landfill.Trash ash can be poisonous,so it has to be stored carefully.But it takes up a lot less room than just plain trash.
Compost
Food waste might go to a composter.In a compost heap(堆肥堆),bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food.They turn it into good,rich oil.Some people keep compost heaps in their gardens.Big commercial composters handle waste from restaurants and farms.
Landfills
Some trash gets buried in landfills.A landfill starts as a big hole.Trucks dump trash.Big earth movers push it into place and crush it down.They cover the trash with dirt to keep scavengers(食腐动物) away.The bottom of a landfill is lined with a barrier to keep bad things from leaking into the ground.Pipes drain away liquid.When the landfill is full,it’s covered with earth.It might become a park or lawn.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法。
21.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Recycling helps to generate energy.
B.Bacteria and worms help handle food waste.
C.The landfill is used to drive scavengers away.
D.Trash ash is carefully handled to save room.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Compost中的第二句“In a compost heap,bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food.”可知,B项“细菌和蠕虫有助于处理剩下的食物”正确。
22.What does the underlined word “They”(Para.4) refer to?
A.Dead plants. B.Composers.
C.Bacteria and worms. D.Food waste and soil.
答案C
解析代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“bacteria and worms break down dead plants and old food”以及“...turn it into good,rich oil.”可知,此处的they指的就是“Bacteria and worms”。
23.What’s the purpose of the passage?
A.To inform us of trash treatment.
B.To appeal for trash classification.
C.To discuss solutions to trash pollution.
D.To raise awareness of the harm of trash.
答案A
解析写作目的题。根据表格第一段最后一句“Different towns deal with trash in different ways(不同的城市有不同的处理垃圾的办法)”以及表格中的四个小标题Recycling(循环), Incinerator(焚烧), Compost(堆肥)以及 Landfills(填埋)可知,这篇文章是在向读者介绍四种垃圾处理的方法,所以选A项。
B
The world can be a scary place when you’re young.It can be even scarier when you’re a young little blue penguin(企鹅)—the tiniest of the penguin species.Luckily,there are some humans willing to help.They stepped in to protect Billy,a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch,New Zealand.
Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay,near Sumner,in Christchurch,the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon,and he biked home to get his camera.When he returned to the scene,he found that the penguin had received a little sign,one that read “Hi,I’m waiting for my mum to come back.DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I’m here.Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.Thanks.Billy—the baby blue penguin.”
Billy didn’t move away from the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy,though they were surprised to see it on the beach.“It’s unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day,”Anita Spencer,a DOC senior ranger,told Stuff.
Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Centre after being retrieved from the beach.Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin,and is around 2 months old.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.
The centre will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice,before it’s set free into the ocean.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
24.Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin?
A.It is a rare species.
B.It faces potential danger.
C.It is surrounded by the crowd.
D.It is threatened by dogs.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容,尤其是“Please leave me alone.Keep your dog away.”可知,当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它,不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知,对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲,这个世界是可怕的,因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。
25.It can be inferred from the text that Billy .
A.is a female penguin
B.has expressed its thanks
C.weighs less for its age
D.prefers living on the beach
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克,而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知,这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。
26.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?
A.Ignored. B.Cured.
C.Given away. D.Brought back.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知,画线词与brought back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。
27.What will happen to Billy in the centre?
A.It will be reported to Stuff.
B.It will be visited by the locals.
C.It will be taken good care of.
D.It will be fed with fruit juice.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前,康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知,在企鹅康复中心里,这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。
C
Female seals don’t change their spots,according to a new study by University of Alberta biologists.In fact,individual differences in boldness remain consistent(一致的) over time.The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality.Animal personality influences many ecological processes,like how individuals interact with other species or respond to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers studied female seals on Sable Island,home to the world’s largest grey seal colony.Over a period from 2008 to 2016,biologist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured boldness responses in the female seals when defending their young.
“During the breeding season,we saw that females tend to behave consistently,not only between years,but also within the lactation period(哺乳期) of a given year,” explained Bubac,lead author and PhD student in the Department of Biological Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Coltman.“This provides an example of animal personality,with consistent individual differences observed over time.”
Bubac also examined how reproductive success is related to a seal’s boldness or shyness.Grey seals nurse for 16 to 18 days,so mother seals have a very short window to get baby seals as fat as they can.During this time,baby seals triple(增至三倍) in body mass.Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances of survival.“On average,we found that bolder females stop feeding those that are two kilograms heavier,compared with the shyest females,improving their chances of surviving the first year of life,” said Bubac.
These results present some very interesting biological questions,explained Coltman,professor of biology.“This research shows that young grey seal moms that are bold tend to stop feeding larger puppies compared with shy moms.However,older grey seals also tend to be bolder.If bolder animals have bigger pups and live longer,why does variation in boldness remain?Why be shy?”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海豹也是有个性的,而海豹的个性差异会影响后代繁衍。
28.What is the purpose of the study of seals?
A.To test their effects on ecological processes.
B.To study how seals interact with each other.
C.To check how the environment affects mammals.
D.To examine marine mammals’ personality difference.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study is among the first to examine boldness in wild marine mammals in the field of animal personality.”可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳动物的个性差异。
29.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Animals have remained their personality since they were born.
B.Female seals behave more boldly in the lactation period.
C.Seals’ boldness responses remain the same over time.
D.The study on seals’ personality has been very mature.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“During the breeding season...within the lactation period of a given year”及“This provides an example of animal personality,with consistent individual differences observed over time.”可知,海豹的勇敢性保持不变。
30.Which of the following may Christi Bubac agree with?
A.Bolder female seals adjust the nursing time to their babies’ weight.
B.Mother seals tend to get babies as slim as possible.
C.It usually takes mother seals 20 days to nurse.
D.Bolder female seals feed less than shy ones.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Body mass is a good predictor of reproductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances of survival.”可知,更勇敢的海豹妈妈喂养宝宝的时间长短以宝宝的体重为依据。
31.Where are we most likely to read the text?
A.In a travel guide. B.In a textbook.
C.In a magazine. D.In an art gallery.
答案C
解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了海豹的个性差异以及对后代的繁衍,属于研究报告,最可能出现在杂志上。
D
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。
32.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt-free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选A项。
33.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当地的生态系统。故选A项。
34.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是but前面出现的短语keep sth in check“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选D项。
35.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky.
C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Morgan所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thousands of years ago,people started building boats to help them explore the watery parts of the world.Boats let people find new hunting grounds and discover new lands. 36
The earliest boats were probably logs that people sat on as they floated downstream.Later,people made these logs more useful and comfortable by burning and scraping away the insides to make dugout boats and canoes.
37 They tied logs together to make rafts.They wove reeds and branches to make tidy little boats that are still used in many parts of the world today.They sewed animal skins together and filled them with air—like a float you might use in a swimming pool.They used paddles,poles,and oars to help steer,or to move upstream.
Boats like the Greek trireme(三列桨船) were big and heavy and hard to steer. 38 Soon people figured out how to use sails to catch the wind.Early sailboats might only have one or two sails.But more sails meant more power,and fast tall ships could have dozens.People still use sailboats today,for cruising and racing.
When steam engines were invented,boating became easier than ever. 39 As engines got bigger and better,so did boats.
Over the years,boats have been used for fishing,for fighting,for carrying goods,for fun—even for living on. 40
A.The world is a watery place.
B.It took hundreds of rowers to move a boat like that.
C.People experimented with different kinds of floating boats.
D.Boats have turned the world’s waterways into highways.
E.Until people learned to build boats,all this water was a barrier.
F.They carried people and goods farther than they’ve ever gone before.
G.Ships with steam engines could sail long distances,even if there was no wind.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文讲述了船的产生及其发展过程。轮船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路。
36.F 根据“Boats let people find new hunting grounds and discover new lands.”可知,所填的句子和上文是并列关系,介绍船的作用,所以选F项。
37.C 由本段中提到的“tied logs together to make rafts”“wove reeds and branches to make tidy little boats”和“sewed animal skins together...”可知,本段的主题句应为人们用许多材料进行试验,所以选C项。
38.B 根据“...were big and heavy and hard to steer.”可知,B项符合语境。
39.G 解答本题的关键是“steam engines”,G项中有“steam engines”,而且语意与文章一致。
40.D 所填的句子是对全文的总结。D项“船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路”是对文章的概括和总结。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most of us have experienced a change of image at some time in our lives.The change may be so 41 that hardly anyone notices the difference,or it may be so great that even our close friends don’t immediately 42 us.
Changes of image may be personal or public.A(n) 43 change is something that is 44 for us as individuals but fairly normal for society. 45 ,if a man gets his head shaved,this may be an important change for him personally,but it isn’t 46 for society in general.However,in many parts of the world,people can’t stand a woman getting her head shaved.When American pop star Britney Spears shaved her head,many people decided that she must be losing her 47 .
Head shaving may 48 some people because of its shock value—it may be a symbol of independence,of escape from 49 attitudes.It is a very public act and it forces people to 50 you differently.In that way,it is perhaps similar to piercing (扎眼).People think that when they have it done,they are 51 what they look like.Not all piercing is shocking,however.For women,having your ears pierced is seen as quite 52 ,while having a nose stud (鼻饰) is slightly unusual, 53 still not shocking.For men on the other hand,wearing earrings is still quite surprising and piercing of other parts of the face cannot be 54 in some places.
One reason why piercing may be shocking is that it suggests self-inflicted (加于自身的) pain,which some people might find 55 to see.In that respect,it is like tattoos (纹身).But having a tattoo done is often a cause for regret because tattoos are more permanent.It’s said that 75% of people eventually regret having a tattoo done.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章探讨了改变个人形象可能给个人和社会带来的影响。
41.A.rapid B.real C.slight D.sudden
答案C
解析根据下文的“hardly anyone notices the difference”和“great”可知,此处指“微小的(slight)变化”。
42.A.believe B.recognize C.praise D.ignore
答案B
解析根据上文的“great”可知,有时变化大得连好朋友都不能立刻“认出(recognize)”我们。
43.A.personal B.final C.public D.entire
答案A
解析根据上文的“personal or public”和下文的“as individuals”可知,此处介绍“个人的(personal)”变化。
44.A.new B.nice C.complete D.great
答案A
解析根据下文的“but fairly normal for society”可知,这对于自己来说是一种“新的(new)”改变。
45.A.At first B.In addition
C.Above all D.For example
答案D
解析根据下文的“if a man gets his head shaved”可知,此处在“举例(For example)”。
46.A.shocking B.interesting
C.preferable D.practical
答案A
解析根据上文的“fairly normal for society”可知,男人剃光头不会让人觉得“吃惊(shocking)”。
47.A.heart B.mind C.place D.life
答案B
解析根据However可知,本部分与上文形成转折关系,指在很多地方人们无法容忍女人剃光头。因此,人们看到Britney Spears剃了光头时,都觉得她“脑子(mind)”不正常。
48.A.attract B.change
C.frighten D.challenge
答案A
解析根据下文的“it may be a symbol of independence”可知,此处谈剃光头“吸引(attract)”人的原因。
49.A.realistic B.careless
C.negative D.conventional
答案D
解析根据常识可知,此处与independence并列,指剃光头是独立的、不被“传统的(conventional)”思想禁锢的象征。
50.A.like B.treat C.know D.find
答案B
解析之所以特立独行是希望人们“对待(treat)”自己时可以有所不同。
51.A.showing B.destroying
C.imagining D.controlling
答案D
解析上文讲人们通过剃光头来改变别人对自己的看法,与此“相似(similar)”,人们认为自己可以通过扎耳洞、戴鼻饰等行为“控制(controlling)”自己的外表。
52.A.normal B.cruel C.painful D.strange
答案A
解析根据常识及上文的“Not all piercing is shocking”可知,女人扎耳洞是很“寻常(normal)”的事。
53.A.so B.but C.for D.or
答案B
解析虽然女人戴鼻饰有些不同寻常,“但是(but)”仍不至于在社会上引起轩然大波。
54.A.noticed B.explained
C.prevented D.accepted
答案D
解析本段比较了男女的不同。根据on the other hand可知,男人戴耳饰被认为是一种“令人惊讶的(surprising)”行为,要是在身体其他部位打洞在一些地方根本不被人“接受(accepted)”。
55.A.impossible B.uncertain
C.unusual D.uncomfortable
答案D
解析大家之所以觉得打洞不容易接受是因为这种行为所带来的疼痛让很多人“不舒服(uncomfortable)”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The day before he heads to a war,an undefeated 56.(command) named Qi has a dream in which he loses a battle and dies.When he wakes up,Qi gets ready to go and fight.While gaining successive victories,Qi decides to celebrate,although there is a final battle 57.(wait) for him.When he gets 58.(drink) and falls asleep in his tent,Qi’s army 59. (attack) by the enemy and he gets killed just as his dream predicted.This is the story that has inspired the latest Kunqu Opera production.
As one of the oldest of the traditional Chinese opera 60. (form),Kunqu Opera,which is about 600 years old,61. (combine) singing,dancing and lyrical recitation performed in the Suzhou dialect(方言).UNESCO listed Kunqu Opera as an intangible heritage(非物质文化遗产)of humanity in 2001.
Earlier this year,a plan of combining Kunqu Opera and traditional Chinese idioms was developed,62. would allow young Chinese directors and Kunqu Opera performers 63. (work) together.The young artists are working on developing original plays based on traditional Chinese idioms to keep 64. tradition alive while making it popular again 65. new ideas.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项将昆曲和中国传统成语结合起来的计划。该计划使年轻的艺术家们致力于创作基于中国传统成语的原创戏剧,以保持昆曲传统的活力,同时让它以新的理念再次流行起来。
56.commander 考查名词。冠词an以及形容词undefeated修饰名词,且空格处后的“named Qi”表明空格处需要一个表示身份的名词,故填commander,表示“指挥官,将军”。
57.waiting 考查非谓语动词形式。battle与wait之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填waiting。
58.drunk 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作gets的表语,故填drunk,表示“喝醉了的”。
59.is attacked 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,全文的基础时态为一般现在时,Qi’s army 与attack之间构成被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is attacked。
60.forms 考查名词。one of后接可数名词复数,故填forms。
61.combines 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空白处需要填写谓语动词,由于陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是Kunqu Opera,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填combines。
62.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。
63.to work 考查动词不定式。allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to work。
64.the 考查冠词。此处特指昆曲的传统,所以用定冠词表特指,故填the。
65.with 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处用“with+名词”作状语,表示“以,用”,故填with。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jenny来信说她想在暑假期间来中国学习汉语并对中国戏剧也感兴趣。请你用英语给她回信,提供一些建议。
内容包括:
1.参加汉语学习班等;
2.观看京剧专场演出;
3.你对她中国之行的愿望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Jenny,
I am glad to know that you are coming to China for learning Chinese language this summer vacation.Besides,hearing that you are interested in Beijing Opera,I’d like to offer some suggestions to you.
Firstly,you’d better apply for a Chinese language training class and attend the class actively every day.In such a class you will learn Mandarin quickly and effectively.Secondly,you can watch the special performance of Beijing Opera.Beijing Opera plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture and it’s widely accepted in China.Thus you will have a better understanding of Chinese language by doing so.
I wish you a happy stay in China and leave a wonderful impression forever.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Deep Sea Diving
The small canoe-like boat rocked as the breakers crashed against the shore.I sat in one corner,just a little nervous.After all I was about to go deep sea diving and I was just thirteen.My mouth was dry,my hands shaking.My father smiled at me,and that was more than enough to settle my shaking nerves.The water was cold,my body chilled.I was in the water and now,my oxygen tank had to be put on.It was quite a task to say the least.I was half under the water and strapping up the tank,which was incredibly daunting.Now,I felt as if I was going to throw up.Then it was done,and the tank securely strapped around me.I was ready and the courage had returned.
My instructor and I dipped under the water.An expanse of crystal blue waters enveloped me.I took a deep breath and let it out;an army of bubbles charged out of my mask.I moved my legs up and down.At first it seemed empty.But then a school of fish zoomed past us.I watched in amazement as they swam in unison (一致).I started to descend further into Neptune’s terrain.There was coral,fish and oyster.There was purple;there was green and there was red.I breathed in the oxygen and let it out,watching the bubbles erupt out again and again.I felt free like a fish.We descended further down,the silky white sand of the seabed coming into view.
As we reached the seabed of the Indian Ocean,I noticed all the star fish camouflaged(隐藏) on the coral.We knelt down on the sand,the smooth grains scratching at my bare knees.This is when I noticed the beauty of the sea.The bright rays of the sun had illuminated the whole ocean,the reflections rippling on the sand.My instructor pointed towards an oyster,the tiny white structure opening and closing its mouth to reveal its velvety tongue.I found it the most beautiful of all creatures I had come across in my underwater journey.
Soon it was time to resurface back to our atmospheric terrain.I was sad to say the least.It felt as though I was meant to stay here forever,like a child of the ocean.
参考范文
The story is about the writer’s first experience of deep sea diving.(要点1) At thirteen,the writer went diving for the first time.Without doubt she was nervous about it.As she went into the cold water,she became more frightened.(要点2) What she saw in the water made her relaxed.She was surrounded with all kinds of colorful fish and she swam like a fish,too.(要点3) The beauty of the sea touched the writer,which attracted her to be a child of the sea.(要点4)
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