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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品习题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration精品习题，文件包含课时练人教版2019高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit3单元测评课时习题docx、03Unit3单元测评人教选修4mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:Excuse me,yu drpped smething.It lks like a wallet.
W:Oh?It’s my passprt!Thank yu s much fr picking it up!It must have fallen frm my bag.
1.What did the wman drp?
A.Her wallet.B.Her bag.C.Her passprt.
答案C
W:Hi,Henry.Did yu say yu’re ging t take a vacatin next week?
M:Actually,I’m leaving fr San Francisc this weekend.
W:Cl.But I can’t get away until the end f August.
2.When will Henry start his vacatin?
A.This weekend.
B.Next week.
C.At the end f August.
答案A
W:The museum has extra hurs n Thursday this week.We culd finally g after wrk.
M:I was planning t play basketball that night, can change it t Friday.
3.What will the speakers d n Thursday?
A.Have a day ff.
B.G t the museum.
C.Play basketball.
答案B
M:We haven’t seen snw in three years.Let’s drive t the muntains this winter.
W:We can invite my parents,t.They can play with the kids while we g skiing.
4.Why des the wman want t invite her parents?
A.They like skiing.
B.They want t climb muntains.
C.They can lk after the children.
答案C
M:Gd mrning,madam.What can I d fr yu?
W:Well,the sleeves f this jacket are t lng.Can yu make them shrter?
M:Let me take a lk.Okay,I can d it fr 20 dllars.
5.What des the man d?
A.He’s a tailr.
B.He’s a waiter.
C.He’s a shp assistant.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
W:The biggest mistake I made, leaving cllege in my last year and nt cmpleting my educatin.S,I’m thinking f ging back t schl.
M:Schl?T study what?
W:Eclgy.I’m interested in the relatinship between humans and nature.
M:Cl.Is it what yu studied years ag?
W:N,I majred in chemistry then.
6.What des the wman regret?
A.Giving up her research.
B.Drpping ut f cllege.
C.Changing her majr.
答案B
7.What is the wman interested in studying nw?
A.Eclgy.B.Educatin.C.Chemistry.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
W:What are yu lking at,Jim?
M:I’m reading an article abut the wrld’s hmeless ppulatin.
W:Hmeless ppulatin?
M:Yes,scilgists define hmeless peple as thse wh have n fixed shelter n any given night.These figures shw five cuntries with large hmeless ppulatin.
W:Ww,that’s amazing.I never realized that there were s many hmeless peple in Germany and France.
M:Yu knw what?Our wn cuntry the USA ranks number ne amng these cuntries!
W:Surely nt!India tps the list with three millin hmeless peple.
M:Well,it depends n hw yu lk at it.Althugh we have a millin fewer hmeless peple than India,we have the highest percentage f hmeless peple.
8.Hw des the man get the infrmatin abut hmeless ppulatin?
A.Frm an article.
B.Frm the radi.
C.Frm TⅤ.
答案A
9.Hw des the wman feel abut the figures f hmeless peple?
A.Prper.B.Amazed.C.Puzzled.
答案B
10.Which cuntry has the highest percentage f hmeless peple?
A.India.B.The US.C.Germany.
答案B
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
W:Can I help yu,sir?
M:I’d like t buy a camera.
W:Right.We have rdinary cameras,mvie cameras and vide cameras.They’re all digital.
M:Well,I am thinking f a vide camera.
W:Let’s see.Hw much d yu want t spend,sir?
M:Oh,I’m nt really sure.What is the price?
W:Well,that depends n the mdel and anything else yu want t have with it.
M:I see.
W:Hw abut this ne?It has ne f the new memry sticks,and a prtective case fr filming underwater s yu can take it when yu g diving.
M:Des it have aut-fcus?
W:N,it desn’t.
M:That’s kay.The underwater filming is imprtant fr me,actually.Hw much is this?
W:It csts 650 eurs.
M:Oh,that’s a bit expensive fr me.Have yu gt anything similar but less expensive?
W:Well,here is the sale f the week.It’s excellent fr the price,nly 470 eurs,and it includes...
11.What kind f camera des the man want?
A.A TV camera.
B.A vide camera.
C.A mvie camera.
答案B
12.Which functin is the man mst interested in?
A.Underwater filming.
B.A large memry.
C.Aut-fcus.
答案A
13.Hw much wuld the man pay fr the secnd camera?
A.950 eurs.B.650 eurs.C.470 eurs.
答案C
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
M:Hell.Is that Cathy?
W:Yes,speaking.
M:There is a really gd film n at the cinema this week.Wuld yu like t see it with me n Friday evening?
W:N.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m ging t take part in a meeting at Peking University n Friday.
M:What a pity!Hw lng will the meeting last?
W:It depends.I’d lve t see a science fictin film.
M:I knw yu like it.Bth f us like science fictin films since childhd.
W:I can never frget the first science fictin film we watched tgether.
M:Yes,Star Wars!It was s exciting!We culd nt fall asleep after the film althugh it lasted 2 hurs until 11 ’clck.Well,what abut Saturday then?
W:That wuld be great.What time des it start?
M:At 7:00 pm.Wuld yu like t g fr a drink first?
W:Yes,fine.Is six ’clck OK?We can meet utside the cinema.
M:OK.
14.Where will the wman g n Friday?
A.T Peking University.
B.T the cinema.
C.T the man’s hme.
答案A
15.What kind f film des the wman like?
A.Actin films.
B.Science fictin films.
C.Cmedies.
答案B
16.What time did Star Wars start?
A.At 11:00 pm.
B.At 9:00 pm.
C.At 2:00 pm.
答案B
17.What will they d first n Saturday evening?
A.Buy the tickets.
B.Watch the film.
C.Have a drink.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
Hell,everyne.Tday I’m ging t talk abut small talk,that is,shrt cnversatins peple ften have with strangers they meet.Such exchanges ccur at bus stps,n buses,while waiting in line,almst anywhere that strangers gather clse tgether.As a matter f fact,these shrt cnversatins are a gd way fr peple t say hell and express friendliness.Such cnversatins usually cver a wide range f tpics.The tpics may include weather,custmer service,mvies,TV shws,lcal sprts r latest news.But yu shuld always keep it in yur mind that private questins abut salaries,family life,religius beliefs and plitics shuld be avided during these cnversatins.Besides,it’s better t ask pen-ended questins.If yu ask visitrs,“D yu like ur city?” They may say simply,“Yes”.On the ther hand,if yu ask,“What d yu think f ur city?” They will have mre freedm in answering.This type f questin als shws that yu are interested in them.If yu appear interested in what peple are saying,they’d feel mre cmfrtable talking with yu.
18.Wh wuld like t make small talk accrding t the speaker?
A.Relatives.B.Strangers.C.Visitrs.
答案B
19.Why d peple have small talk?
A.T express pinins.
B.T avid arguments.
C.T shw friendliness.
答案C
20.What des the speaker recmmend at the end f his lecture?
A.Asking pen-ended questins.
B.Feeling free t change tpics.
C.Making small talk interesting.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法。
21.What can we learn frm the passage?
A.Recycling helps t generate energy.
B.Bacteria and wrms help handle fd waste.
C.The landfill is used t drive scavengers away.
D.Trash ash is carefully handled t save rm.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Cmpst中的第二句“In a cmpst heap,bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd.”可知,B项“细菌和蠕虫有助于处理剩下的食物”正确。
22.What des the underlined wrd “They”(Para.4) refer t?
A.Dead plants.B.Cmpsers.
C.Bacteria and wrms.D.Fd waste and sil.
答案C
解析代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd”以及“ it int gd,rich il.”可知,此处的they指的就是“Bacteria and wrms”。
23.What’s the purpse f the passage?
A.T infrm us f trash treatment.
B.T appeal fr trash classificatin.
C.T discuss slutins t trash pllutin.
D.T raise awareness f the harm f trash.
答案A
解析写作目的题。根据表格第一段最后一句“Different twns deal with trash in different ways(不同的城市有不同的处理垃圾的办法)”以及表格中的四个小标题Recycling(循环), Incineratr(焚烧), Cmpst(堆肥)以及 Landfills(填埋)可知,这篇文章是在向读者介绍四种垃圾处理的方法,所以选A项。
B
The wrld can be a scary place when yu’re yung.It can be even scarier when yu’re a yung little blue penguin(企鹅)—the tiniest f the penguin species.Luckily,there are sme humans willing t help.They stepped in t prtect Billy,a blue penguin that appeared n a beach in Christchurch,New Zealand.
Sptted n Nvember 29 at the slipway at Mncks Bay,near Sumner,in Christchurch,the little penguin immediately attracted a small crwd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crwd while he was bicycling that afternn,and he biked hme t get his camera.When he returned t the scene,he fund that the penguin had received a little sign,ne that read “Hi,I’m waiting fr my mum t cme back.DOC(Department f Cnservatin) knws I’m here.Please leave me alne.Keep yur dg —the baby blue penguin.”
Billy didn’t mve away frm the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternn t pick up Billy,thugh they were surprised t see it n the beach.“It’s unusual fr a blue penguin t be ut in the pen n the beach during the day,”Anita Spencer,a DOC senir ranger,tld Stuff.
Billy was taken t the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitatin Centre after being retrieved frm the beach.Vlunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin,and is arund 2 mnths ld.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin shuld weigh arund 900 grams at this age.Mst little penguins grw up t weigh 1 kilgram.
The centre will help the little penguin gain sme weight by feeding it fish juice,befre it’s set free int the cean.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
24.Why can the wrld be frightening t a yung penguin?
A.It is a rare species.
B.It faces ptential danger.
C.It is surrunded by the crwd.
D.It is threatened by dgs.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容,尤其是“Please leave me alne.Keep yur dg away.”可知,当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它,不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知,对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲,这个世界是可怕的,因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。
25.It can be inferred frm the text that Billy .
A.is a female penguin
B.has expressed its thanks
C.weighs less fr its age
D.prefers living n the beach
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin shuld weigh arund 900 grams at this age.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克,而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知,这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。
26.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?
A.Ignred.B.Cured.
C.Given away.D.Brught back.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken t the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitatin Center after being retrieved frm the beach.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知,画线词与brught back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。
27.What will happen t Billy in the centre?
A.It will be reprted t Stuff.
B.It will be visited by the lcals.
C.It will be taken gd care f.
D.It will be fed with fruit juice.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前,康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知,在企鹅康复中心里,这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。
C
Female seals dn’t change their spts,accrding t a new study by University f Alberta bilgists.In fact,individual differences in bldness remain cnsistent(一致的) ver time.The study is amng the first t examine bldness in wild marine mammals in the field f animal persnality.Animal persnality influences many eclgical prcesses,like hw individuals interact with ther species r respnd t changing envirnmental cnditins.
Researchers studied female seals n Sable Island,hme t the wrld’s largest grey seal clny.Over a perid frm 2008 t 2016,bilgist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured bldness respnses in the female seals when defending their yung.
“During the breeding seasn,we saw that females tend t behave cnsistently,nt nly between years,but als within the lactatin perid(哺乳期) f a given year,” explained Bubac,lead authr and PhD student in the Department f Bilgical Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Cltman.“This prvides an example f animal persnality,with cnsistent individual differences bserved ver time.”
Bubac als examined hw reprductive success is related t a seal’s bldness r shyness.Grey seals nurse fr 16 t 18 days,s mther seals have a very shrt windw t get baby seals as fat as they can.During this time,baby seals triple(增至三倍) in bdy mass.Bdy mass is a gd predictr f reprductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances f survival.“On average,we fund that blder females stp feeding thse that are tw kilgrams heavier,cmpared with the shyest females,imprving their chances f surviving the first year f life,” said Bubac.
These results present sme very interesting bilgical questins,explained Cltman,prfessr f bilgy.“This research shws that yung grey seal mms that are bld tend t stp feeding larger puppies cmpared with shy mms.Hwever,lder grey seals als tend t be blder.If blder animals have bigger pups and live lnger,why des variatin in bldness remain?Why be shy?”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海豹也是有个性的,而海豹的个性差异会影响后代繁衍。
28.What is the purpse f the study f seals?
A.T test their effects n eclgical prcesses.
B.T study hw seals interact with each ther.
C.T check hw the envirnment affects mammals.
D.T examine marine mammals’ persnality difference.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study is amng the first t examine bldness in wild marine mammals in the field f animal persnality.”可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳动物的个性差异。
29.What can be inferred frm Paragraph 3?
A.Animals have remained their persnality since they were brn.
B.Female seals behave mre bldly in the lactatin perid.
C.Seals’ bldness respnses remain the same ver time.
D.The study n seals’ persnality has been very mature.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“During the breeding the lactatin perid f a given year”及“This prvides an example f animal persnality,with cnsistent individual differences bserved ver time.”可知,海豹的勇敢性保持不变。
30.Which f the fllwing may Christi Bubac agree with?
A.Blder female seals adjust the nursing time t their babies’ weight.
B.Mther seals tend t get babies as slim as pssible.
C.It usually takes mther seals 20 days t nurse.
D.Blder female seals feed less than shy nes.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Bdy mass is a gd predictr f reprductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances f survival.”可知,更勇敢的海豹妈妈喂养宝宝的时间长短以宝宝的体重为依据。
31.Where are we mst likely t read the text?
A.In a travel guide.B.In a textbk.
C.In a magazine.D.In an art gallery.
答案C
解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了海豹的个性差异以及对后代的繁衍,属于研究报告,最可能出现在杂志上。
D
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list,fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin(时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种).It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades,but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green,but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year,s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says,“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing,at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。
32.What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A.T prmte guilt-free fur.
B.T expand the fashin market.
C.T intrduce a new brand.
D.T celebrate a winter hliday.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选A项。
33.Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当地的生态系统。故选A项。
34.What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A.Bmed.B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是but前面出现的短语keep sth in check“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选D项。
35.What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A.It’s frmal.B.It’s risky.
C.It’s harmful.D.It’s traditinal.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mrgan所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thusands f years ag,peple started building bats t help them explre the watery parts f the wrld.Bats let peple find new hunting grunds and discver new lands. 36
The earliest bats were prbably lgs that peple sat n as they flated dwnstream.Later,peple made these lgs mre useful and cmfrtable by burning and scraping away the insides t make dugut bats and canes.
37 They tied lgs tgether t make rafts.They wve reeds and branches t make tidy little bats that are still used in many parts f the wrld tday.They sewed animal skins tgether and filled them with air—like a flat yu might use in a swimming pl.They used paddles,ples,and ars t help steer,r t mve upstream.
Bats like the Greek trireme(三列桨船) were big and heavy and hard t steer. 38 Sn peple figured ut hw t use sails t catch the wind.Early sailbats might nly have ne r tw sails.But mre sails meant mre pwer,and fast tall ships culd have dzens.Peple still use sailbats tday,fr cruising and racing.
When steam engines were invented,bating became easier than ever. 39 As engines gt bigger and better,s did bats.
Over the years,bats have been used fr fishing,fr fighting,fr carrying gds,fr fun—even fr living n. 40
A.The wrld is a watery place.
B.It tk hundreds f rwers t mve a bat like that.
C.Peple experimented with different kinds f flating bats.
D.Bats have turned the wrld’s waterways int highways.
E.Until peple learned t build bats,all this water was a barrier.
F.They carried peple and gds farther than they’ve ever gne befre.
G.Ships with steam engines culd sail lng distances,even if there was n wind.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文讲述了船的产生及其发展过程。轮船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路。
36.F 根据“Bats let peple find new hunting grunds and discver new lands.”可知,所填的句子和上文是并列关系,介绍船的作用,所以选F项。
37.C 由本段中提到的“tied lgs tgether t make rafts”“wve reeds and branches t make tidy little bats”和“sewed animal skins tgether...”可知,本段的主题句应为人们用许多材料进行试验,所以选C项。
38.B 根据“ big and heavy and hard t steer.”可知,B项符合语境。
39.G 解答本题的关键是“steam engines”,G项中有“steam engines”,而且语意与文章一致。
40.D 所填的句子是对全文的总结。D项“船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路”是对文章的概括和总结。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Mst f us have experienced a change f image at sme time in ur lives.The change may be s 41 that hardly anyne ntices the difference,r it may be s great that even ur clse friends dn’t immediately 42 us.
Changes f image may be persnal r public.A(n) 43 change is smething that is 44 fr us as individuals but fairly nrmal fr sciety. 45 ,if a man gets his head shaved,this may be an imprtant change fr him persnally,but it isn’t 46 fr sciety in general.Hwever,in many parts f the wrld,peple can’t stand a wman getting her head shaved.When American pp star Britney Spears shaved her head,many peple decided that she must be lsing her 47 .
Head shaving may 48 sme peple because f its shck value—it may be a symbl f independence,f escape frm 49 attitudes.It is a very public act and it frces peple t 50 yu differently.In that way,it is perhaps similar t piercing (扎眼).Peple think that when they have it dne,they are 51 what they lk like.Nt all piercing is shcking,hwever.Fr wmen,having yur ears pierced is seen as quite 52 ,while having a nse stud (鼻饰) is slightly unusual, 53 still nt shcking.Fr men n the ther hand,wearing earrings is still quite surprising and piercing f ther parts f the face cannt be 54 in sme places.
One reasn why piercing may be shcking is that it suggests self-inflicted (加于自身的) pain,which sme peple might find 55 t see.In that respect,it is like tatts (纹身).But having a tatt dne is ften a cause fr regret because tatts are mre permanent.It’s said that 75% f peple eventually regret having a tatt dne.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章探讨了改变个人形象可能给个人和社会带来的影响。
B.realC.slightD.sudden
答案C
解析根据下文的“hardly anyne ntices the difference”和“great”可知,此处指“微小的(slight)变化”。
B.recgnizeC.praiseD.ignre
答案B
解析根据上文的“great”可知,有时变化大得连好朋友都不能立刻“认出(recgnize)”我们。
B.finalC.publicD.entire
答案A
解析根据上文的“persnal r public”和下文的“as individuals”可知,此处介绍“个人的(persnal)”变化。
B.niceC.cmpleteD.great
答案A
解析根据下文的“but fairly nrmal fr sciety”可知,这对于自己来说是一种“新的(new)”改变。
firstB.In additin
C.Abve allD.Fr example
答案D
解析根据下文的“if a man gets his head shaved”可知,此处在“举例(Fr example)”。
B.interesting
C.preferableD.practical
答案A
解析根据上文的“fairly nrmal fr sciety”可知,男人剃光头不会让人觉得“吃惊(shcking)”。
B.mindC.placeD.life
答案B
解析根据Hwever可知,本部分与上文形成转折关系,指在很多地方人们无法容忍女人剃光头。因此,人们看到Britney Spears剃了光头时,都觉得她“脑子(mind)”不正常。
B.change
C.frightenD.challenge
答案A
解析根据下文的“it may be a symbl f independence”可知,此处谈剃光头“吸引(attract)”人的原因。
B.careless
C.negativeD.cnventinal
答案D
解析根据常识可知,此处与independence并列,指剃光头是独立的、不被“传统的(cnventinal)”思想禁锢的象征。
B.treatC.knwD.find
答案B
解析之所以特立独行是希望人们“对待(treat)”自己时可以有所不同。
B.destrying
C.imaginingD.cntrlling
答案D
解析上文讲人们通过剃光头来改变别人对自己的看法,与此“相似(similar)”,人们认为自己可以通过扎耳洞、戴鼻饰等行为“控制(cntrlling)”自己的外表。
B.cruelC.painfulD.strange
答案A
解析根据常识及上文的“Nt all piercing is shcking”可知,女人扎耳洞是很“寻常(nrmal)”的事。
B.butC.frD.r
答案B
解析虽然女人戴鼻饰有些不同寻常,“但是(but)”仍不至于在社会上引起轩然大波。
B.explained
C.preventedD.accepted
答案D
解析本段比较了男女的不同。根据n the ther hand可知,男人戴耳饰被认为是一种“令人惊讶的(surprising)”行为,要是在身体其他部位打洞在一些地方根本不被人“接受(accepted)”。
B.uncertain
C.unusualD.uncmfrtable
答案D
解析大家之所以觉得打洞不容易接受是因为这种行为所带来的疼痛让很多人“不舒服(uncmfrtable)”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The day befre he heads t a war,an undefeated 56.(cmmand) named Qi has a dream in which he lses a battle and dies.When he wakes up,Qi gets ready t g and fight.While gaining successive victries,Qi decides t celebrate,althugh there is a final battle 57.(wait) fr him.When he gets 58.(drink) and falls asleep in his tent,Qi’s army 59. (attack) by the enemy and he gets killed just as his dream predicted.This is the stry that has inspired the latest Kunqu Opera prductin.
As ne f the ldest f the traditinal Chinese pera 60. (frm),Kunqu Opera,which is abut 600 years ld,61. (cmbine) singing,dancing and lyrical recitatin perfrmed in the Suzhu dialect(方言).UNESCO listed Kunqu Opera as an intangible heritage(非物质文化遗产)f humanity in 2001.
Earlier this year,a plan f cmbining Kunqu Opera and traditinal Chinese idims was develped,62. wuld allw yung Chinese directrs and Kunqu Opera perfrmers 63. (wrk) tgether.The yung artists are wrking n develping riginal plays based n traditinal Chinese idims t keep 64. traditin alive while making it ppular again 65. new ideas.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项将昆曲和中国传统成语结合起来的计划。该计划使年轻的艺术家们致力于创作基于中国传统成语的原创戏剧,以保持昆曲传统的活力,同时让它以新的理念再次流行起来。
56.cmmander 考查名词。冠词an以及形容词undefeated修饰名词,且空格处后的“named Qi”表明空格处需要一个表示身份的名词,故填cmmander,表示“指挥官,将军”。
57.waiting 考查非谓语动词形式。battle与wait之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填waiting。
58.drunk 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作gets的表语,故填drunk,表示“喝醉了的”。
59.is attacked 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,全文的基础时态为一般现在时,Qi’s army 与attack之间构成被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is attacked。
60.frms 考查名词。ne f后接可数名词复数,故填frms。
61.cmbines 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空白处需要填写谓语动词,由于陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是Kunqu Opera,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填cmbines。
62.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。
63.t wrk 考查动词不定式。allw sb t d sth表示“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填t wrk。
64.the 考查冠词。此处特指昆曲的传统,所以用定冠词表特指,故填the。
65.with 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处用“with+名词”作状语,表示“以,用”,故填with。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jenny来信说她想在暑假期间来中国学习汉语并对中国戏剧也感兴趣。请你用英语给她回信,提供一些建议。
内容包括:
1.参加汉语学习班等;
2.观看京剧专场演出;
3.你对她中国之行的愿望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Jenny,
I am glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr learning Chinese language this summer vacatin.Besides,hearing that yu are interested in Beijing Opera,I’d like t ffer sme suggestins t yu.
Firstly,yu’d better apply fr a Chinese language training class and attend the class actively every day.In such a class yu will learn Mandarin quickly and effectively.Secndly,yu can watch the special perfrmance f Beijing Opera.Beijing Opera plays an imprtant rle in Chinese traditinal culture and it’s widely accepted in China.Thus yu will have a better understanding f Chinese language by ding s.
I wish yu a happy stay in China and leave a wnderful impressin frever.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Deep Sea Diving
The small cane-like bat rcked as the breakers crashed against the shre.I sat in ne crner,just a little nervus.After all I was abut t g deep sea diving and I was just thirteen.My muth was dry,my hands shaking.My father smiled at me,and that was mre than enugh t settle my shaking nerves.The water was cld,my bdy chilled.I was in the water and nw,my xygen tank had t be put n.It was quite a task t say the least.I was half under the water and strapping up the tank,which was incredibly daunting.Nw,I felt as if I was ging t thrw up.Then it was dne,and the tank securely strapped arund me.I was ready and the curage had returned.
My instructr and I dipped under the water.An expanse f crystal blue waters envelped me.I tk a deep breath and let it ut;an army f bubbles charged ut f my mask.I mved my legs up and dwn.At first it seemed empty.But then a schl f fish zmed past us.I watched in amazement as they swam in unisn (一致).I started t descend further int Neptune’s terrain.There was cral,fish and yster.There was purple;there was green and there was red.I breathed in the xygen and let it ut,watching the bubbles erupt ut again and again.I felt free like a fish.We descended further dwn,the silky white sand f the seabed cming int view.
As we reached the seabed f the Indian Ocean,I nticed all the star fish camuflaged(隐藏) n the cral.We knelt dwn n the sand,the smth grains scratching at my bare knees.This is when I nticed the beauty f the sea.The bright rays f the sun had illuminated the whle cean,the reflectins rippling n the sand.My instructr pinted twards an yster,the tiny white structure pening and clsing its muth t reveal its velvety tngue.I fund it the mst beautiful f all creatures I had cme acrss in my underwater jurney.
Sn it was time t resurface back t ur atmspheric terrain.I was sad t say the least.It felt as thugh I was meant t stay here frever,like a child f the cean.
参考范文
The stry is abut the writer’s first experience f deep sea diving.(要点1) At thirteen,the writer went diving fr the first time.Withut dubt she was nervus abut it.As she went int the cld water,she became mre frightened.(要点2) What she saw in the water made her relaxed.She was surrunded with all kinds f clrful fish and she swam like a fish,t.(要点3) The beauty f the sea tuched the writer,which attracted her t be a child f the sea.(要点4)
When yu thrw smething in the trash,sn a garbage truck will cme t take it away.Then where des it g?That depends n where yu live.Different twns deal with trash in different ways.
Recycling
A recycling truck picks up paper,cardbard,metal,plastic and glass.These g t the recycling plant t be srted and made int new things.
Incineratr
An incineratr is a huge stve that burns trash t make heat and electricity.The ash that’s left gets buried in a landfill.Trash ash can be pisnus,s it has t be stred carefully.But it takes up a lt less rm than just plain trash.
Cmpst
Fd waste might g t a cmpster.In a cmpst heap(堆肥堆),bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd.They turn it int gd,rich il.Sme peple keep cmpst heaps in their gardens.Big cmmercial cmpsters handle waste frm restaurants and farms.
Landfills
Sme trash gets buried in landfills.A landfill starts as a big hle.Trucks dump trash.Big earth mvers push it int place and crush it dwn.They cver the trash with dirt t keep scavengers(食腐动物) away.The bttm f a landfill is lined with a barrier t keep bad things frm leaking int the grund.Pipes drain away liquid.When the landfill is full,it’s cvered with earth.It might becme a park r lawn.
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:Excuse me,yu drpped smething.It lks like a wallet.
W:Oh?It’s my passprt!Thank yu s much fr picking it up!It must have fallen frm my bag.
1.What did the wman drp?
A.Her wallet.B.Her bag.C.Her passprt.
答案C
W:Hi,Henry.Did yu say yu’re ging t take a vacatin next week?
M:Actually,I’m leaving fr San Francisc this weekend.
W:Cl.But I can’t get away until the end f August.
2.When will Henry start his vacatin?
A.This weekend.
B.Next week.
C.At the end f August.
答案A
W:The museum has extra hurs n Thursday this week.We culd finally g after wrk.
M:I was planning t play basketball that night, can change it t Friday.
3.What will the speakers d n Thursday?
A.Have a day ff.
B.G t the museum.
C.Play basketball.
答案B
M:We haven’t seen snw in three years.Let’s drive t the muntains this winter.
W:We can invite my parents,t.They can play with the kids while we g skiing.
4.Why des the wman want t invite her parents?
A.They like skiing.
B.They want t climb muntains.
C.They can lk after the children.
答案C
M:Gd mrning,madam.What can I d fr yu?
W:Well,the sleeves f this jacket are t lng.Can yu make them shrter?
M:Let me take a lk.Okay,I can d it fr 20 dllars.
5.What des the man d?
A.He’s a tailr.
B.He’s a waiter.
C.He’s a shp assistant.
答案A
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
W:The biggest mistake I made, leaving cllege in my last year and nt cmpleting my educatin.S,I’m thinking f ging back t schl.
M:Schl?T study what?
W:Eclgy.I’m interested in the relatinship between humans and nature.
M:Cl.Is it what yu studied years ag?
W:N,I majred in chemistry then.
6.What des the wman regret?
A.Giving up her research.
B.Drpping ut f cllege.
C.Changing her majr.
答案B
7.What is the wman interested in studying nw?
A.Eclgy.B.Educatin.C.Chemistry.
答案A
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
W:What are yu lking at,Jim?
M:I’m reading an article abut the wrld’s hmeless ppulatin.
W:Hmeless ppulatin?
M:Yes,scilgists define hmeless peple as thse wh have n fixed shelter n any given night.These figures shw five cuntries with large hmeless ppulatin.
W:Ww,that’s amazing.I never realized that there were s many hmeless peple in Germany and France.
M:Yu knw what?Our wn cuntry the USA ranks number ne amng these cuntries!
W:Surely nt!India tps the list with three millin hmeless peple.
M:Well,it depends n hw yu lk at it.Althugh we have a millin fewer hmeless peple than India,we have the highest percentage f hmeless peple.
8.Hw des the man get the infrmatin abut hmeless ppulatin?
A.Frm an article.
B.Frm the radi.
C.Frm TⅤ.
答案A
9.Hw des the wman feel abut the figures f hmeless peple?
A.Prper.B.Amazed.C.Puzzled.
答案B
10.Which cuntry has the highest percentage f hmeless peple?
A.India.B.The US.C.Germany.
答案B
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
W:Can I help yu,sir?
M:I’d like t buy a camera.
W:Right.We have rdinary cameras,mvie cameras and vide cameras.They’re all digital.
M:Well,I am thinking f a vide camera.
W:Let’s see.Hw much d yu want t spend,sir?
M:Oh,I’m nt really sure.What is the price?
W:Well,that depends n the mdel and anything else yu want t have with it.
M:I see.
W:Hw abut this ne?It has ne f the new memry sticks,and a prtective case fr filming underwater s yu can take it when yu g diving.
M:Des it have aut-fcus?
W:N,it desn’t.
M:That’s kay.The underwater filming is imprtant fr me,actually.Hw much is this?
W:It csts 650 eurs.
M:Oh,that’s a bit expensive fr me.Have yu gt anything similar but less expensive?
W:Well,here is the sale f the week.It’s excellent fr the price,nly 470 eurs,and it includes...
11.What kind f camera des the man want?
A.A TV camera.
B.A vide camera.
C.A mvie camera.
答案B
12.Which functin is the man mst interested in?
A.Underwater filming.
B.A large memry.
C.Aut-fcus.
答案A
13.Hw much wuld the man pay fr the secnd camera?
A.950 eurs.B.650 eurs.C.470 eurs.
答案C
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
M:Hell.Is that Cathy?
W:Yes,speaking.
M:There is a really gd film n at the cinema this week.Wuld yu like t see it with me n Friday evening?
W:N.I’m afraid I can’t.I’m ging t take part in a meeting at Peking University n Friday.
M:What a pity!Hw lng will the meeting last?
W:It depends.I’d lve t see a science fictin film.
M:I knw yu like it.Bth f us like science fictin films since childhd.
W:I can never frget the first science fictin film we watched tgether.
M:Yes,Star Wars!It was s exciting!We culd nt fall asleep after the film althugh it lasted 2 hurs until 11 ’clck.Well,what abut Saturday then?
W:That wuld be great.What time des it start?
M:At 7:00 pm.Wuld yu like t g fr a drink first?
W:Yes,fine.Is six ’clck OK?We can meet utside the cinema.
M:OK.
14.Where will the wman g n Friday?
A.T Peking University.
B.T the cinema.
C.T the man’s hme.
答案A
15.What kind f film des the wman like?
A.Actin films.
B.Science fictin films.
C.Cmedies.
答案B
16.What time did Star Wars start?
A.At 11:00 pm.
B.At 9:00 pm.
C.At 2:00 pm.
答案B
17.What will they d first n Saturday evening?
A.Buy the tickets.
B.Watch the film.
C.Have a drink.
答案C
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
Hell,everyne.Tday I’m ging t talk abut small talk,that is,shrt cnversatins peple ften have with strangers they meet.Such exchanges ccur at bus stps,n buses,while waiting in line,almst anywhere that strangers gather clse tgether.As a matter f fact,these shrt cnversatins are a gd way fr peple t say hell and express friendliness.Such cnversatins usually cver a wide range f tpics.The tpics may include weather,custmer service,mvies,TV shws,lcal sprts r latest news.But yu shuld always keep it in yur mind that private questins abut salaries,family life,religius beliefs and plitics shuld be avided during these cnversatins.Besides,it’s better t ask pen-ended questins.If yu ask visitrs,“D yu like ur city?” They may say simply,“Yes”.On the ther hand,if yu ask,“What d yu think f ur city?” They will have mre freedm in answering.This type f questin als shws that yu are interested in them.If yu appear interested in what peple are saying,they’d feel mre cmfrtable talking with yu.
18.Wh wuld like t make small talk accrding t the speaker?
A.Relatives.B.Strangers.C.Visitrs.
答案B
19.Why d peple have small talk?
A.T express pinins.
B.T avid arguments.
C.T shw friendliness.
答案C
20.What des the speaker recmmend at the end f his lecture?
A.Asking pen-ended questins.
B.Feeling free t change tpics.
C.Making small talk interesting.
答案A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法。
21.What can we learn frm the passage?
A.Recycling helps t generate energy.
B.Bacteria and wrms help handle fd waste.
C.The landfill is used t drive scavengers away.
D.Trash ash is carefully handled t save rm.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据Cmpst中的第二句“In a cmpst heap,bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd.”可知,B项“细菌和蠕虫有助于处理剩下的食物”正确。
22.What des the underlined wrd “They”(Para.4) refer t?
A.Dead plants.B.Cmpsers.
C.Bacteria and wrms.D.Fd waste and sil.
答案C
解析代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd”以及“ it int gd,rich il.”可知,此处的they指的就是“Bacteria and wrms”。
23.What’s the purpse f the passage?
A.T infrm us f trash treatment.
B.T appeal fr trash classificatin.
C.T discuss slutins t trash pllutin.
D.T raise awareness f the harm f trash.
答案A
解析写作目的题。根据表格第一段最后一句“Different twns deal with trash in different ways(不同的城市有不同的处理垃圾的办法)”以及表格中的四个小标题Recycling(循环), Incineratr(焚烧), Cmpst(堆肥)以及 Landfills(填埋)可知,这篇文章是在向读者介绍四种垃圾处理的方法,所以选A项。
B
The wrld can be a scary place when yu’re yung.It can be even scarier when yu’re a yung little blue penguin(企鹅)—the tiniest f the penguin species.Luckily,there are sme humans willing t help.They stepped in t prtect Billy,a blue penguin that appeared n a beach in Christchurch,New Zealand.
Sptted n Nvember 29 at the slipway at Mncks Bay,near Sumner,in Christchurch,the little penguin immediately attracted a small crwd.Jeff Mein Smith saw the crwd while he was bicycling that afternn,and he biked hme t get his camera.When he returned t the scene,he fund that the penguin had received a little sign,ne that read “Hi,I’m waiting fr my mum t cme back.DOC(Department f Cnservatin) knws I’m here.Please leave me alne.Keep yur dg —the baby blue penguin.”
Billy didn’t mve away frm the sign.The DOC arrived later that afternn t pick up Billy,thugh they were surprised t see it n the beach.“It’s unusual fr a blue penguin t be ut in the pen n the beach during the day,”Anita Spencer,a DOC senir ranger,tld Stuff.
Billy was taken t the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitatin Centre after being retrieved frm the beach.Vlunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin,and is arund 2 mnths ld.The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin shuld weigh arund 900 grams at this age.Mst little penguins grw up t weigh 1 kilgram.
The centre will help the little penguin gain sme weight by feeding it fish juice,befre it’s set free int the cean.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
24.Why can the wrld be frightening t a yung penguin?
A.It is a rare species.
B.It faces ptential danger.
C.It is surrunded by the crwd.
D.It is threatened by dgs.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段的内容,尤其是“Please leave me alne.Keep yur dg away.”可知,当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它,不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知,对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲,这个世界是可怕的,因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。
25.It can be inferred frm the text that Billy .
A.is a female penguin
B.has expressed its thanks
C.weighs less fr its age
D.prefers living n the beach
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams,less than a standard basketball.A blue penguin shuld weigh arund 900 grams at this age.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克,而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知,这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。
26.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?
A.Ignred.B.Cured.
C.Given away.D.Brught back.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken t the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitatin Center after being retrieved frm the beach.”可知,这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知,画线词与brught back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。
27.What will happen t Billy in the centre?
A.It will be reprted t Stuff.
B.It will be visited by the lcals.
C.It will be taken gd care f.
D.It will be fed with fruit juice.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前,康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知,在企鹅康复中心里,这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。
C
Female seals dn’t change their spts,accrding t a new study by University f Alberta bilgists.In fact,individual differences in bldness remain cnsistent(一致的) ver time.The study is amng the first t examine bldness in wild marine mammals in the field f animal persnality.Animal persnality influences many eclgical prcesses,like hw individuals interact with ther species r respnd t changing envirnmental cnditins.
Researchers studied female seals n Sable Island,hme t the wrld’s largest grey seal clny.Over a perid frm 2008 t 2016,bilgist Christi Bubac and a field team led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada measured bldness respnses in the female seals when defending their yung.
“During the breeding seasn,we saw that females tend t behave cnsistently,nt nly between years,but als within the lactatin perid(哺乳期) f a given year,” explained Bubac,lead authr and PhD student in the Department f Bilgical Sciences studying with wildlife geneticist David Cltman.“This prvides an example f animal persnality,with cnsistent individual differences bserved ver time.”
Bubac als examined hw reprductive success is related t a seal’s bldness r shyness.Grey seals nurse fr 16 t 18 days,s mther seals have a very shrt windw t get baby seals as fat as they can.During this time,baby seals triple(增至三倍) in bdy mass.Bdy mass is a gd predictr f reprductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances f survival.“On average,we fund that blder females stp feeding thse that are tw kilgrams heavier,cmpared with the shyest females,imprving their chances f surviving the first year f life,” said Bubac.
These results present sme very interesting bilgical questins,explained Cltman,prfessr f bilgy.“This research shws that yung grey seal mms that are bld tend t stp feeding larger puppies cmpared with shy mms.Hwever,lder grey seals als tend t be blder.If blder animals have bigger pups and live lnger,why des variatin in bldness remain?Why be shy?”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。海豹也是有个性的,而海豹的个性差异会影响后代繁衍。
28.What is the purpse f the study f seals?
A.T test their effects n eclgical prcesses.
B.T study hw seals interact with each ther.
C.T check hw the envirnment affects mammals.
D.T examine marine mammals’ persnality difference.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study is amng the first t examine bldness in wild marine mammals in the field f animal persnality.”可知,研究的目的是了解海洋野生哺乳动物的个性差异。
29.What can be inferred frm Paragraph 3?
A.Animals have remained their persnality since they were brn.
B.Female seals behave mre bldly in the lactatin perid.
C.Seals’ bldness respnses remain the same ver time.
D.The study n seals’ persnality has been very mature.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“During the breeding the lactatin perid f a given year”及“This prvides an example f animal persnality,with cnsistent individual differences bserved ver time.”可知,海豹的勇敢性保持不变。
30.Which f the fllwing may Christi Bubac agree with?
A.Blder female seals adjust the nursing time t their babies’ weight.
B.Mther seals tend t get babies as slim as pssible.
C.It usually takes mther seals 20 days t nurse.
D.Blder female seals feed less than shy nes.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Bdy mass is a gd predictr f reprductive success because it indicates the puppies’ chances f survival.”可知,更勇敢的海豹妈妈喂养宝宝的时间长短以宝宝的体重为依据。
31.Where are we mst likely t read the text?
A.In a travel guide.B.In a textbk.
C.In a magazine.D.In an art gallery.
答案C
解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了海豹的个性差异以及对后代的繁衍,属于研究报告,最可能出现在杂志上。
D
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list,fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin(时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种).It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades,but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green,but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year,s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says,“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing,at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。
32.What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A.T prmte guilt-free fur.
B.T expand the fashin market.
C.T intrduce a new brand.
D.T celebrate a winter hliday.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选A项。
33.Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当地的生态系统。故选A项。
34.What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A.Bmed.B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是but前面出现的短语keep sth in check“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选D项。
35.What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A.It’s frmal.B.It’s risky.
C.It’s harmful.D.It’s traditinal.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mrgan所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Thusands f years ag,peple started building bats t help them explre the watery parts f the wrld.Bats let peple find new hunting grunds and discver new lands. 36
The earliest bats were prbably lgs that peple sat n as they flated dwnstream.Later,peple made these lgs mre useful and cmfrtable by burning and scraping away the insides t make dugut bats and canes.
37 They tied lgs tgether t make rafts.They wve reeds and branches t make tidy little bats that are still used in many parts f the wrld tday.They sewed animal skins tgether and filled them with air—like a flat yu might use in a swimming pl.They used paddles,ples,and ars t help steer,r t mve upstream.
Bats like the Greek trireme(三列桨船) were big and heavy and hard t steer. 38 Sn peple figured ut hw t use sails t catch the wind.Early sailbats might nly have ne r tw sails.But mre sails meant mre pwer,and fast tall ships culd have dzens.Peple still use sailbats tday,fr cruising and racing.
When steam engines were invented,bating became easier than ever. 39 As engines gt bigger and better,s did bats.
Over the years,bats have been used fr fishing,fr fighting,fr carrying gds,fr fun—even fr living n. 40
A.The wrld is a watery place.
B.It tk hundreds f rwers t mve a bat like that.
C.Peple experimented with different kinds f flating bats.
D.Bats have turned the wrld’s waterways int highways.
E.Until peple learned t build bats,all this water was a barrier.
F.They carried peple and gds farther than they’ve ever gne befre.
G.Ships with steam engines culd sail lng distances,even if there was n wind.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文讲述了船的产生及其发展过程。轮船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路。
36.F 根据“Bats let peple find new hunting grunds and discver new lands.”可知,所填的句子和上文是并列关系,介绍船的作用,所以选F项。
37.C 由本段中提到的“tied lgs tgether t make rafts”“wve reeds and branches t make tidy little bats”和“sewed animal skins tgether...”可知,本段的主题句应为人们用许多材料进行试验,所以选C项。
38.B 根据“ big and heavy and hard t steer.”可知,B项符合语境。
39.G 解答本题的关键是“steam engines”,G项中有“steam engines”,而且语意与文章一致。
40.D 所填的句子是对全文的总结。D项“船使得世界上的水路变成了高速公路”是对文章的概括和总结。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Mst f us have experienced a change f image at sme time in ur lives.The change may be s 41 that hardly anyne ntices the difference,r it may be s great that even ur clse friends dn’t immediately 42 us.
Changes f image may be persnal r public.A(n) 43 change is smething that is 44 fr us as individuals but fairly nrmal fr sciety. 45 ,if a man gets his head shaved,this may be an imprtant change fr him persnally,but it isn’t 46 fr sciety in general.Hwever,in many parts f the wrld,peple can’t stand a wman getting her head shaved.When American pp star Britney Spears shaved her head,many peple decided that she must be lsing her 47 .
Head shaving may 48 sme peple because f its shck value—it may be a symbl f independence,f escape frm 49 attitudes.It is a very public act and it frces peple t 50 yu differently.In that way,it is perhaps similar t piercing (扎眼).Peple think that when they have it dne,they are 51 what they lk like.Nt all piercing is shcking,hwever.Fr wmen,having yur ears pierced is seen as quite 52 ,while having a nse stud (鼻饰) is slightly unusual, 53 still nt shcking.Fr men n the ther hand,wearing earrings is still quite surprising and piercing f ther parts f the face cannt be 54 in sme places.
One reasn why piercing may be shcking is that it suggests self-inflicted (加于自身的) pain,which sme peple might find 55 t see.In that respect,it is like tatts (纹身).But having a tatt dne is ften a cause fr regret because tatts are mre permanent.It’s said that 75% f peple eventually regret having a tatt dne.
【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章探讨了改变个人形象可能给个人和社会带来的影响。
B.realC.slightD.sudden
答案C
解析根据下文的“hardly anyne ntices the difference”和“great”可知,此处指“微小的(slight)变化”。
B.recgnizeC.praiseD.ignre
答案B
解析根据上文的“great”可知,有时变化大得连好朋友都不能立刻“认出(recgnize)”我们。
B.finalC.publicD.entire
答案A
解析根据上文的“persnal r public”和下文的“as individuals”可知,此处介绍“个人的(persnal)”变化。
B.niceC.cmpleteD.great
答案A
解析根据下文的“but fairly nrmal fr sciety”可知,这对于自己来说是一种“新的(new)”改变。
firstB.In additin
C.Abve allD.Fr example
答案D
解析根据下文的“if a man gets his head shaved”可知,此处在“举例(Fr example)”。
B.interesting
C.preferableD.practical
答案A
解析根据上文的“fairly nrmal fr sciety”可知,男人剃光头不会让人觉得“吃惊(shcking)”。
B.mindC.placeD.life
答案B
解析根据Hwever可知,本部分与上文形成转折关系,指在很多地方人们无法容忍女人剃光头。因此,人们看到Britney Spears剃了光头时,都觉得她“脑子(mind)”不正常。
B.change
C.frightenD.challenge
答案A
解析根据下文的“it may be a symbl f independence”可知,此处谈剃光头“吸引(attract)”人的原因。
B.careless
C.negativeD.cnventinal
答案D
解析根据常识可知,此处与independence并列,指剃光头是独立的、不被“传统的(cnventinal)”思想禁锢的象征。
B.treatC.knwD.find
答案B
解析之所以特立独行是希望人们“对待(treat)”自己时可以有所不同。
B.destrying
C.imaginingD.cntrlling
答案D
解析上文讲人们通过剃光头来改变别人对自己的看法,与此“相似(similar)”,人们认为自己可以通过扎耳洞、戴鼻饰等行为“控制(cntrlling)”自己的外表。
B.cruelC.painfulD.strange
答案A
解析根据常识及上文的“Nt all piercing is shcking”可知,女人扎耳洞是很“寻常(nrmal)”的事。
B.butC.frD.r
答案B
解析虽然女人戴鼻饰有些不同寻常,“但是(but)”仍不至于在社会上引起轩然大波。
B.explained
C.preventedD.accepted
答案D
解析本段比较了男女的不同。根据n the ther hand可知,男人戴耳饰被认为是一种“令人惊讶的(surprising)”行为,要是在身体其他部位打洞在一些地方根本不被人“接受(accepted)”。
B.uncertain
C.unusualD.uncmfrtable
答案D
解析大家之所以觉得打洞不容易接受是因为这种行为所带来的疼痛让很多人“不舒服(uncmfrtable)”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The day befre he heads t a war,an undefeated 56.(cmmand) named Qi has a dream in which he lses a battle and dies.When he wakes up,Qi gets ready t g and fight.While gaining successive victries,Qi decides t celebrate,althugh there is a final battle 57.(wait) fr him.When he gets 58.(drink) and falls asleep in his tent,Qi’s army 59. (attack) by the enemy and he gets killed just as his dream predicted.This is the stry that has inspired the latest Kunqu Opera prductin.
As ne f the ldest f the traditinal Chinese pera 60. (frm),Kunqu Opera,which is abut 600 years ld,61. (cmbine) singing,dancing and lyrical recitatin perfrmed in the Suzhu dialect(方言).UNESCO listed Kunqu Opera as an intangible heritage(非物质文化遗产)f humanity in 2001.
Earlier this year,a plan f cmbining Kunqu Opera and traditinal Chinese idims was develped,62. wuld allw yung Chinese directrs and Kunqu Opera perfrmers 63. (wrk) tgether.The yung artists are wrking n develping riginal plays based n traditinal Chinese idims t keep 64. traditin alive while making it ppular again 65. new ideas.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项将昆曲和中国传统成语结合起来的计划。该计划使年轻的艺术家们致力于创作基于中国传统成语的原创戏剧,以保持昆曲传统的活力,同时让它以新的理念再次流行起来。
56.cmmander 考查名词。冠词an以及形容词undefeated修饰名词,且空格处后的“named Qi”表明空格处需要一个表示身份的名词,故填cmmander,表示“指挥官,将军”。
57.waiting 考查非谓语动词形式。battle与wait之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填waiting。
58.drunk 考查形容词。此处缺少形容词作gets的表语,故填drunk,表示“喝醉了的”。
59.is attacked 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知,全文的基础时态为一般现在时,Qi’s army 与attack之间构成被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is attacked。
60.frms 考查名词。ne f后接可数名词复数,故填frms。
61.cmbines 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空白处需要填写谓语动词,由于陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是Kunqu Opera,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填cmbines。
62.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which。
63.t wrk 考查动词不定式。allw sb t d sth表示“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填t wrk。
64.the 考查冠词。此处特指昆曲的传统,所以用定冠词表特指,故填the。
65.with 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处用“with+名词”作状语,表示“以,用”,故填with。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jenny来信说她想在暑假期间来中国学习汉语并对中国戏剧也感兴趣。请你用英语给她回信,提供一些建议。
内容包括:
1.参加汉语学习班等;
2.观看京剧专场演出;
3.你对她中国之行的愿望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear Jenny,
I am glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr learning Chinese language this summer vacatin.Besides,hearing that yu are interested in Beijing Opera,I’d like t ffer sme suggestins t yu.
Firstly,yu’d better apply fr a Chinese language training class and attend the class actively every day.In such a class yu will learn Mandarin quickly and effectively.Secndly,yu can watch the special perfrmance f Beijing Opera.Beijing Opera plays an imprtant rle in Chinese traditinal culture and it’s widely accepted in China.Thus yu will have a better understanding f Chinese language by ding s.
I wish yu a happy stay in China and leave a wnderful impressin frever.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Deep Sea Diving
The small cane-like bat rcked as the breakers crashed against the shre.I sat in ne crner,just a little nervus.After all I was abut t g deep sea diving and I was just thirteen.My muth was dry,my hands shaking.My father smiled at me,and that was mre than enugh t settle my shaking nerves.The water was cld,my bdy chilled.I was in the water and nw,my xygen tank had t be put n.It was quite a task t say the least.I was half under the water and strapping up the tank,which was incredibly daunting.Nw,I felt as if I was ging t thrw up.Then it was dne,and the tank securely strapped arund me.I was ready and the curage had returned.
My instructr and I dipped under the water.An expanse f crystal blue waters envelped me.I tk a deep breath and let it ut;an army f bubbles charged ut f my mask.I mved my legs up and dwn.At first it seemed empty.But then a schl f fish zmed past us.I watched in amazement as they swam in unisn (一致).I started t descend further int Neptune’s terrain.There was cral,fish and yster.There was purple;there was green and there was red.I breathed in the xygen and let it ut,watching the bubbles erupt ut again and again.I felt free like a fish.We descended further dwn,the silky white sand f the seabed cming int view.
As we reached the seabed f the Indian Ocean,I nticed all the star fish camuflaged(隐藏) n the cral.We knelt dwn n the sand,the smth grains scratching at my bare knees.This is when I nticed the beauty f the sea.The bright rays f the sun had illuminated the whle cean,the reflectins rippling n the sand.My instructr pinted twards an yster,the tiny white structure pening and clsing its muth t reveal its velvety tngue.I fund it the mst beautiful f all creatures I had cme acrss in my underwater jurney.
Sn it was time t resurface back t ur atmspheric terrain.I was sad t say the least.It felt as thugh I was meant t stay here frever,like a child f the cean.
参考范文
The stry is abut the writer’s first experience f deep sea diving.(要点1) At thirteen,the writer went diving fr the first time.Withut dubt she was nervus abut it.As she went int the cld water,she became mre frightened.(要点2) What she saw in the water made her relaxed.She was surrunded with all kinds f clrful fish and she swam like a fish,t.(要点3) The beauty f the sea tuched the writer,which attracted her t be a child f the sea.(要点4)
When yu thrw smething in the trash,sn a garbage truck will cme t take it away.Then where des it g?That depends n where yu live.Different twns deal with trash in different ways.
Recycling
A recycling truck picks up paper,cardbard,metal,plastic and glass.These g t the recycling plant t be srted and made int new things.
Incineratr
An incineratr is a huge stve that burns trash t make heat and electricity.The ash that’s left gets buried in a landfill.Trash ash can be pisnus,s it has t be stred carefully.But it takes up a lt less rm than just plain trash.
Cmpst
Fd waste might g t a cmpster.In a cmpst heap(堆肥堆),bacteria and wrms break dwn dead plants and ld fd.They turn it int gd,rich il.Sme peple keep cmpst heaps in their gardens.Big cmmercial cmpsters handle waste frm restaurants and farms.
Landfills
Sme trash gets buried in landfills.A landfill starts as a big hle.Trucks dump trash.Big earth mvers push it int place and crush it dwn.They cver the trash with dirt t keep scavengers(食腐动物) away.The bttm f a landfill is lined with a barrier t keep bad things frm leaking int the grund.Pipes drain away liquid.When the landfill is full,it’s cvered with earth.It might becme a park r lawn.
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