人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration学案设计

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration学案设计，共14页。


Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．________ n. 锦标赛；联赛
2．________ n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
3．________ vt. 对……征税，使纳税
n. 税；税款
4．________ adj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的
5．________ n. 潜水器；可潜船
6．________ adv. 在水下
adj. 水下的
7．________ n. 珊瑚
8．________ n．政治；政治观点→________ adj.政治的→________ n．政治家；善于玩弄权术者
9．________ n．职业；行业→________ adj.职业的；专业的→________ n．教授
10．________ n．混合；结合体；混合物→________ vi. & vt.(使)混合；(使)融合
11．________ n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→________ vt.报道；遮盖
12．________ vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→________ n．鼓掌；喝彩
13．________________ 记者招待会；新闻发布会
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合体
mix vi. & vt. (使)混合；(使)融合
把……和……混合
mix up 混合；混淆；弄乱
❶The stry is a magical mixture f fantasy and reality.
这个故事是幻想与现实的奇妙结合。
❷Oil and water dn't mix.油和水不相融。
❸Dashan, wh has been learning crsstalk, the Chinese cmedic traditin, fr decades, wants t mix it up with the Western stand­up traditin.相声是中国的传统喜剧形式，大山已经在中国学习了几十年的相声，他想把西方传统的脱口秀和相声融合到一起。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many races are ________ (mix) tgether in Brazil.
②Dn't try t mix business ________ pleasure.
③Yu're always mixing me ________ with my twin sister!
④The city was a ________ (mix) f ld and new buildings.
⑤I came hme frm the meeting with ________ (mix) feelings.
[词义拓展] mixed可作形容词“(感情)矛盾的，复杂的”
2．cverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围
(1)media cverage 媒体报道
(2)cver vt. 遮盖，覆盖；包含，走完；占地；报道，足以支付
❶The cluds had spread and cvered the entire sky.
乌云铺开，遮蔽了整个天空。
❷Believe it r nt, the yung man, thugh disabled, managed t cver a distance f 3 miles within 30 minutes.信不信由你，尽管这位年轻人是残疾人，但他在30分钟内跑完了3英里的路程。
❸Grasslands in China cver an area f abut 400 millin hectares, stretching mre than 3,000 km frm the nrtheast t the suthwest.中国的草原占地约4亿公顷，从东北到西南绵延3 000多千米。
❹“Jurnalists are nt ging t the field t cver the news because f safety reasns，” Faruk explained.法鲁克解释说：“出于安全原因，记者不会去实地报道新闻。”
❺And then students get a maintenance lan which helps, like cvering the cst f living.然后，学生会得到一笔生活费用贷款，用来帮助他们支付生活费之类的费用。
[即学即练] 翻译句子
①Much f the cuntry is cvered by snw.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②They were hping t cver 40 miles yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③I'd just returned frm cvering a war.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④The award shuld be enugh t cver her tuitin fees.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤The city cvers 25 square miles.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．applaud vt. & vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
applaud sb. fr sth. 因某事而赞扬某人
applaud the decisin 赞成某个决定
applause n. 鼓掌；喝彩
❶The audience warmly applauded the excellent perfrmance.
观众们对精彩演出报以热烈的掌声。
❷I applaud the decisin t install mre security cameras.
我赞成要装更多监控摄像机的决定。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She shuld be applauded ________ her hnesty.
②A crwd f 300 supprters warmly ________ (applaud) her speech, which was abut civil rights.
③The candidate's prmise t imprve public schls was greeted with a lud rund f ________ (applaud)．
④Everyne ________ (applaud) when the play ended.
[语境串记] His applause shwed he applauded the decisin.他的掌声表明他赞成这个决定。
Discver Useful Structures
Grammar——复习动词不定式
[新知导引]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．It's wrng t play tricks n ther peple.
2．She wants t be a dctr.
3．I tell him nt t g there by bus.
4．I have a lt f wrk t d.
5．His wish is t becme a scientist.
6．He runs fast t get there in time.
7．The dctr said he culd d nthing t help the girl.
8．The first imprtant thing is t save the sldiers' lives.
9．Edisn's mther taught him t read and write.
10．I dn't like t swim nw.
11．T see is t believe.
12．I frgt t lck the dr.
13．He studies hard t make mney.
[共性呈现]
1．所有划线部分均为动词不定式，由t＋动词原形构成；
2．动词不定式除不能作谓语外，其余句子成分都可充当。句1、11中，划线部分充当主语；句2、10、12中充当宾语；句3、9中充当宾补；句5、8中，充当表语；在句4、7中充当定语；在句6、13中充当目的状语。
[语法精释]
动词不定式(t＋动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
1．动词不定式的形式变化
2.动词不定式的否定式：nt＋t d
❶She persuaded me nt t g t the dangerus area.
她说服我不要去那个危险的地方。
3．动词不定式的句法功能
(1)动词不定式作主语
动词不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词常用单数。
❷T see is t believe.眼见为实。
❸T climb up the muntain rad is easy while t g dwn the hills is hard.上山容易下山难。
[特别注意] 有时为了避免头重脚轻，习惯上将不定式移到后面，主语由it代替，it叫作形式主语。
❹It is nt easy t find yur way arund the twn.
在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。
(2)动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语，通常用来说明主语的具体内容或者性质。常见的用来作主语的名词有aim，duty，dream，hpe，idea，plan, ambitin, purpse, wrk, jb等。
❺A cllege cunselr's jb is t help students adjust t cllege life.大学辅导员的工作是帮助学生们适应大学生活。
❻His ambitin is t becme an actr.
他的理想是成为一名演员。
有些时候，系动词会是appear，seem，prve，turn ut，remain等。
❼Our English teacher seems t have knwn the secret.
我们的英语老师好像已经知道了这个秘密。
❽Whether we will succeed r nt remains t be seen.
我们能否成功仍有待观察。
[特别注意] 当主语部分有动词d或d的某种形式时，不定式作表语时通常省略t。
❾All I culd d nw is keep silent.
我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。
(3)动词不定式作宾语
有些动词后面常跟动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词有：hpe, wish, expect, agree, prmise, undertake(答应), intend, want, aim, plan, desire, arrange, manage, decide, determine, pretend, chse, ffer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare, fail等。
eq \(○,\s\up5(10))China hpes t prmte ties with Angla t a new stage.
中国希望把与安哥拉的关系推进到一个新的阶段。
eq \(○,\s\up5(11))David threatened t reprt his neighbur t the plice if the damages were nt paid.如果这些损失得不到赔偿的话，戴维威胁邻居说要报警。
[知识拓展] ①当不定式作宾语，且后面有自己的宾语补足语时，常常用it作形式宾语，将不定式放于宾语补足语之后。常见的有这种用法的动词有：cnsider, feel, find, make, think等。构成的结构为：谓语动词＋it＋宾补＋t d。
eq \(○,\s\up6(12))They all feel it very hard t learn German.
他们都认为学习德语很困难。
eq \(○,\s\up5(13))The rugh rad makes it difficult t get t the destinatin.
崎岖不平的路使得到达目的地变得很困难。
②动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但是个别介词(如but, except)可以接不定式。常用的结构为：have n chice but t d sth., have nthing t d but/except d sth.。此类结构遵循“前有实义动词d后无t”的原则。
eq \(○,\s\up5(14))This girl had n chice but t wait.
这个女孩别无选择，只能等待。
eq \(○,\s\up5(15))She has nthing t d but watch TV.
她无事可干，只能看电视。
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式可以在某些动词后充当宾语补足语，常见的此类动词有：ask, cause, advise, allw, frbid, permit, frce, instruct, want, rder, encurage, persuade, remind, request, teach, tell, urge, invite, warn, cmmand，enable等。
以ask为例子，表达肯定意思的结构为ask sb. t d sth.，表达否定意思的结构为ask sb. nt t d sth.。
eq \(○,\s\up5(16))He asked me t give a presentatin t the class.
他让我给同学们做个演讲。
eq \(○,\s\up5(17))The dctr advised him t stp smking.
医生建议他戒烟。
[特别注意] ①有些词不能用于这个结构中，如hpe，suggest，demand, agree，decide等。
②有些感官动词和使役动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，t经常被省略。这些词有：五看(see，watch，ntice, bserve，lk at)；二听(hear, listen t)；一感觉(feel)；三使役(make, have, let)。需要注意的是，当上述动词用于被动语态时，t应还原。
eq \(○,\s\up5(18))The teacher made me wait while she talked t ther students.
这个老师在和其他学生谈话，让我等着。
eq \(○,\s\up5(19))Tm is always wrking hard, s he desn't have t be made t study hard.汤姆学习一直很刻苦，所以他不必让别人强迫他努力学习。
(5)动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般情况下会置于被修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰词构成一定的逻辑关系。
①主动关系：被修饰词是不定式的发出者。此时被修饰词通常被nly, first, next，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。
eq \(○,\s\up5(20))He's always the first persn f the team t put frward a slutin t a prblem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。
②被动关系：被修饰词是动词不定式的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要增加必要的介词。
eq \(○,\s\up5(21))There are many interesting things t see.
有许多有趣的东西可以看。
eq \(○,\s\up5(22))Yu might think that with all these dangerus animals Australia is an unsafe place t live in r visit.澳大利亚有这么多危险的动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。
③修饰关系：动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：wish，way，chance，ability，decisin，attempt，reasn等。
eq \(○,\s\up5(23))Yu shuld grasp the ability t slve the cmplex prblems.
你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
eq \(○,\s\up5(24))There are varieties f ways t make thers laugh.
有很多种方法逗别人笑。
④动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。
eq \(○,\s\up5(25))We are invited t a party t be held in ur club next Friday.
我们受邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。
(6)动词不定式作状语
①动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语，有时为了强调可以加上in rder或s as，其中in rder t d可以放于句首，但是s as t d不可以放于句首。
注意，当不定式置于句末表示目的的时候，不可用逗号隔开；置于句首时，一般用逗号隔开。
eq \(○,\s\up5(26))I write dwn these numbers in rder nt t/s as nt t frget them.＝In rder nt t frget these numbers, I write them dwn.我写下这些数字，为了不忘记它们。
②动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：
nly t d结果却做……(表示出乎意料的结果)
d太……以至于不能做……
t d太……以至于做……
adj./adv.＋enugh t d足够……做……
eq \(○,\s\up5(27))He hurried t the train statin nly t find that the train had left.
他匆忙赶往火车站，结果却发现火车已经离开了。
eq \(○,\s\up5(28))The bx is t small t hld all these things.
这个箱子太小，不能装下所有这些东西。
eq \(○,\s\up5(29))Wuld yu be s kind as t d me a favur?
劳烦您帮我个忙好吗？
eq \(○,\s\up5(30))The girl was lucky enugh t get a train ticket.
这个女孩足够幸运地得到了一张火车票。
③动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式作原因状语通常表示一些情绪的原因，比如高兴、激动、遗憾、抱歉等。
eq \(○,\s\up5(31))I'm srry t hear the bad news.听到这个坏消息，我很难过。
4．疑问词加动词不定式
疑问词加动词不定式通常可以扩展为一个名词性从句。
eq \(○,\s\up5(32))Where t g hasn't been decided.＝Where we shuld g hasn't been decided.我们要到哪里去还没定下来。
[即学即练] 翻译句子/单句语法填空
1．①T be kind t the enemy is t be cruel t the peple.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②Our purpse is nt t d it fr yu but teach yu t d it by yurself.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③The magazines are nt allwed t be taken ut f the reading rm.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④D let yur mther knw all the truth. She appears t have been tld everything.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑤I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑥Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding nline t save their valuable time.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
⑦Where t g is still a questin.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．①________ (learn) is t better live.
②It was kind f yu ________ (give) me a helping hand.
③T d that wuld be ________ (cut) the ft t fit the she.
④All we have t d is ________ (push) the buttn.
⑤Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ________ (stay) and watch.
⑥Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required ________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.
⑦He didn't like his intentin ________ (laugh) at.
⑧A grwing trend in China nw gives custmers the ptins ________ (pay) the bill by scanning a QR cde r in cash.
⑨If water becmes increasingly scarce in decades ________ (cme), water shrtage will becme a ht issue all ver the wrld.
⑩Jrdan was the secnd player ________ (scre) mre than 3,000 pints in a seasn.
⑪The meeting ________ (hld) tmrrw is very imprtant.
⑫There is nthing ________ (wrry) abut.
⑬Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng ________ (see) the benefit.
⑭Many parents dn't take their kids' interests and ages int cnsideratin, nly ________ (find) “Mre haste, less speed”—their kids' curisity is being killed.
⑮Tm was prud ________ (chse) as captain f ur schl ftball team.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It's gd ________ (help) thers when they are in truble.
2．The man dwnstairs tld the man upstairs nt ________ (drp) his shes nt the flr at midnight any mre.
3．The gal f this activity is ________ (meet) the needs f cmmn peple.
4．Let me ________ (hear) yu ________ (play) the vilin.
5．The questin is very difficult ________ (answer)．
6．He pretended ________ (read) the text when I came in.
7．The snw seemed ________ (blw) frm the tp f the muntain.
8．It has been an hnr fr me ________ (invite) t yur cuntry.
9．I wrked hard ________ (pass) the exam.
10．I had n chice but ________ (give) up the chance f ging abrad.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她总是第一个到校。
She is always the first ______________________________.
2．李教授告诉他加入英语角，但是他不听。
Prfessr Li tld him ______________________________， but he wuldn't listen.
3．我们去动物园看动物了，结果却被告知他们已经被运到另一个动物园了。
We went t see the animals in the park, ______________________________ that they had been mved t anther z.
4．如何才能停止对河流的污染是一个大问题。
______________________________ is a big prblem.
5．专家们认为在一周内完成任务是不可能的。
The experts think it impssible ________________________ in a week.
Sectin Ⅱ Learning Abut Language
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇及拓展
1．turnament 2.laptp 3.tax 4.manned 5.submersible 6.underwater 7.cral 8.plitics plitical plitician 9.prfessin prfessinal prfessr 10.mixture mix 11.cverage cver 12.applaud applause 13.press cnference
Ⅱ.核心词汇讲解
1．①mixed ②with ③up ④mixture ⑤mixed
2．①这个国家的大部分地区都被雪覆盖。 ②他们昨天打算走40英里。 ③我刚报道完一场战争回来。 ④这笔资金应该够她支付学费了。 ⑤这个城市占地25平方英里。
3．①fr ②applauded ③applause ④applauded
Discver Useful Structures
Grammar——复习动词不定式
语法精讲·难点透析
1．①对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。 ②我们的目的不是替你做这件事，而是教会你自己来做。 ③这些杂志是不允许带出阅览室的。 ④一定要让你妈妈知道全部事实。看起来已经有人把一切都告诉她了。 ⑤开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。 ⑥现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌，以节约他们宝贵的时间。 ⑦到哪里去还是个问题。
2．①T learn ②t give ③t cut ④push ⑤t stay ⑥t prcess ⑦t be laughed ⑧t pay ⑨t cme ⑩t scre ⑪t be held ⑫t wrry ⑬t see ⑭t find ⑮t be chsen
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．t help 2.t drp 3.t meet 4.hear；play 5.t answer 6.t be reading 7.t have been blwn 8.t have been invited 9.t pass 10.t give
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．t cme t schl 2.t jin in the English Crner 3.nly t be tld 4.Hw t stp the river frm being plluted 5.t cmplete the task时态变化
主动语态
被动语态
不定式的一般式
t d
t be dne
不定式的进行式
t be ding
/
不定式的完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
不定式的完成进行式
t have been ding
/