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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle优秀单元测试习题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle优秀单元测试习题，共26页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， 5分, 满分15分），词汇激活等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 2 单元测试（新高考专用）
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·上海交大附中高二开学考试）Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.
The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals.
Q&A with the lead author
We asked Leonardo Trasande, Council on Environmental Health member and lead author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.
Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?
A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.
Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.
Q: What additives does the statement highlight?
A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include: Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease, fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.
Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.
1．According to the American Academy of Pediatrics' report, people should _______to cope with the problem of food additives.
A．reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system
B．update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals again
C．improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicals
D．try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additives
2．Leonardo Trasande holds he view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows ________.
A．children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adults
B．children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adults
C．children are just too young and weak to protect themselves
D．children's organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover
3．How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?
A．2. B．7. C．8. D．1.
B
（2022·山东省青岛第九中学高二期末）People who eat diets high in fiber have lower risk of death and chronic (慢性的) diseases, such as stroke or cancer, compared with people with low fiber intake, new analysis research found.
“Fiber's health benefits have been recorded by over 100 years of research. However, they have been still over-looked so far,” Andrew Reynolds, a researcher at the University of Otago in New Zealand, wrote in an e-mail. He is also the coauthor of the research. The research showed that higher intake of fiber led to a reduced possibility of a surprisingly broad range of relevant diseases (heart disease, high blood pressure and colorectal cancer), and reduced body weight, Similar findings were shown with increasing whole-grain intake.
“Most people globally consume about 20 grams of dietary fiber per day,” Reynolds said of the findings. Based on the research, he said 25 grams of fiber each day was the best and that a 15-gram increase in whole grains consumed per day was associated with a 2% to 19% reduction in total deaths and related diseases.
The analysis found no danger of a high fiber intake. But it discovered that for people with iron deficiency (缺乏), high levels of whole grains could further reduce iron levels. Reynolds noted, “One limitation of the analysis is that the studies involved only healthy individuals, so the findings do not apply to people with pre-existing chronic conditions.” “Also, most studies in the research were conducted in Western societies, it is not ‘100%certan’ that the results therefore apply to Eastern societies,” he added.
Brian Power, a dietitian and lecturer in nutrition at University College London, said. “Any increase in dietary fiber has health benefits, and it takes only small changes in diet to achieve a health benefit. A practical way to increase fiber intake is to have meals and snacks around whole grains, vegetables and whole fruits.”
4．How much dietary fiber is recommended every day?
A．15 grams. B．20 grams. C．25 grams. D．35 grams.
5．To whom is high whole-grain intake harmful?
A．Someone with a low iron level. B．Someone with a heart disease.
C．Someone with high blood pressure. D．Someone with a weight problem.
6．What is Reynolds' attitude to the analysis research?
A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Satisfied. D．Doubtful.
7．What do we know about fiber intake?
A．It has just caught researchers' attention lately.
B．People lack practical ways to increase it in diet.
C．The higher it is, the healthier a person will be.
D．Its benefits haven't been fully appreciated by the public.
C
（2022·湖南·长沙一中高二期末）Once upon a time, when you first attended a youth sporting event, your parents probably weren’t expecting you to become a professional athlete. They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough. Yes, doing sports improves health, but it is the life lessons that matter most.
For many of us, instead of struggling to improve our minds and spirits, we began judging progress only by the size of our muscles or the numbers on a weighing machine. For us, the thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.
“And yet there’s still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, Professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that’s true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.
The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep(透) into your professional life, too. In basketball, for example, “Getting everyone to play the right role on the court is the key to success,” says Alan Arlt, the founder of the Life Time Fitness basketball program Ultimate Hoops. “That is certainly useful in the business world, where everyone understands their own role in the organization.” In addition, “In athletic events, you go through good and bad times often in the period of two hours,” says former NBA head coach Flip Saunders. “Do you have the calm manner to settle yourself down, or do you totally lose it and get thrown out of the game which hurts both you and your team? All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”
8．What would parents expect when their children joined in sports?
A．To get through obstacles with perseverance.
B．To enhance their comprehensive fitness level.
C．To defeat opponents with the burning ambition.
D．To win as many professional games as possible.
9．What do many people do according to the article?
A．They play sports to evaluate the size of the muscles.
B．They keep playing sports to improve mental health.
C．They still hold the idea that sports can better build characters.
D．They pay more attention to the news of professional athletes.
10．Why does the author mention “Amateur sports” in Paragraph 3?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To illustrate Lumpkin’s idea.
C．To make a prediction. D．To present a phenomenon.
11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about taking part in a sport?
A．Keys to success in basketball and in athletic events.
B．The significance of understanding the role on the count.
C．Its influences on our career life and on how to address real-life situations.
D．Ways to keep calm in athletic events and the application in real circumstances.
D
（2022·湖北·华中师大一附中高二期末）The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries.
The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.
That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt—slightly more than 1 teaspoon—compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been inked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food.
Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.
But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.
12．What is true about the FDA’s guidance about salt cut?
A．It involves all food companies. B．It concerns homemade food.
C．It will be carried out gradually. D．It will be followed strictly.
13．What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Encourage people to eat out. B．Threaten the food companies.
C．Replace the tradition. D．Bring about changes.
14．Why is China mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To persuade the FDA to be patient. B．To prove the effect of less salt intake.
C．To praise China for its action. D．To introduce a salt replacement.
15．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A．Disproval of the FDA guidelines. B．Reactions to the FDA guidelines.
C．Anticipation of the FDA guidelines. D．Approaches to the FDA guidelines.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2022·河北邯郸·高二期末）Although a gym membership can be nice, you don't have to have one to get into great shape! All you need is a little bit of time and space at home for yourself. ___16___
Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before every workout. ___17___ Try jumping jacks, leg or arm circles, or even dancing. Just get your blood pumping. Do a progressive aerobic activity that uses the same muscles you want to work out. For instance, slowly jog if you are going for a longer run.
___18___ Strength training, also called resistance training, makes you stronger and builds endurance. Try to do exercises that work a lot of muscles and add weight to increase your resistance. This helps you do a harder workout every time you exercise.
___19___You might be eager to just stop your workout when you've finished your last set of activity, but take a few minutes to do low-intensity exercises that lower your heartrate. You might drop your run into a walk or slow down your cycling, for instance.
Set achievable goals that you can break into smaller tasks. It's one thing to say you want to get fit, but that means something different for everyone. ___20___ It should be specific, realistic, and meaningful. Then, break down each goal into small, actionable steps so it feels like you're making progress regularly.
A．Not sure what to do?
B．Want to build muscle without buying equipment?
C．Do strength training twice a week to build muscle.
D．If you're struggling to fit in workout time, don't worry.
E．Spend five to ten minutes cooling down after each workout.
F．Figure out what you plan to achieve and make that your goal.
G．But before everything, you need to create an at-home fitness routine.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2022·河北保定·高二期末）In Grade 7, my PE teacher watched me, as I tried to jump up and touch a marker on the wall. And he said: “You're doing pretty well in my ____21____, for someone like you with no ability at all.”
In high school, I wasn't ____22____ for a single team. I was bookish and slow, and that self-image-of being better suited to quiet reading and leisurely ____23____ remained with me for my entire life.
I discovered running in my 20s, and I ____24____ the feeling of quiet accomplishment-without the fear of ____25____teammates, but I always prioritized mental pursuits over physical ones.
It was my mental wellness that finally forced me to rethink my fitness. This winter, I found myself extremely tired. I knew ____26____ had to change. I needed a way to ____27____ the tension of months of video conferences, on-and-off (不断地) single parenting and virtual school.
I settled on an exercise bike. Since early March, I've hardly ____28____ a day on my bike. I'm not the ____29____. But I'm finally learning that movement isn't necessarily about athleticism (运动才能). More importantly, it’s about ____30____ your mind. It’s the feeling of accomplishment when you ____31____ something hard outside of your comfort zone.
A handful of people will find glory in athleticism. For the rest of us, the ____32____ is more personal: better sleep, improved spirits and ____33____ confidence. I’m not destined (注定) for the Olympics. But this was ____34____about ability. That's what I wish my gym teacher had told me.
If only he'd said, “You're doing really well in my class. Look at your ____35____.”
21．A．class B．family C．crew D．firm
22．A．perfect B．suitable C．prepared D．responsible
23．A．hikes B．rides C．walks D．drives
24．A．ignored B．believed C．applied D．enjoyed
25．A．knocking into B．running into C．letting down D．calming down
26．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything
27．A．record B．change C．reserve D．release
28．A．missed B．forgotten C．arranged D．passed
29．A．latest B．busiest C．loneliest D．fastest
30．A．slipping B．steadying C．feeding D．speaking
31．A．avoid B．admit C．finish D．mind
32．A．struggle B．reward C．experience D．conflict
33．A．boosted B．rebuilt C．frustrated D．lost
34．A．never B．ever C．always D．only
35．A．strength B．knowledge C．reflection D．effort
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
（2021·广东·信宜市第二中学高二期中）阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Buying new clothes and new phones _____36_____(be) nice, but it can only increase your self-esteem（自尊）for a while. Why not try something new ____37____(increase) your self-esteem and improve your life for quite a while? Running might just be ___38___ good choice.
Take me for example, I had never had much interest in running. I didn't really start it until recently. After work one day, I decided to go for a long run. Even though my legs got___39___(injure) on the way, and it was painful, I found something satisfying, something ___40___ cannot be got through other exercise methods. I ___41___(fill)with a sense of confidence. The following days, I kept ___42___ (run).
I ran my first half marathon last week, ___43___ which I competed with about one hundred young athletes. I succeeded in crossing the finish line with great ___44___(determine).
It took me all this time to realize that something as simple as running 30 minutes a day can better your life____45____(positive).You become stronger and healthier. You'll push yourself even harder than you knew you could, people and you can be more efficient at work.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．（2022·湖北·高二阶段练习）假定你是李华，你注意到许多学生进入高中以来在学习的重压之下养成了一些不良的生活方式，如熬夜很晚、吃饭匆忙、体育锻炼少等等。请代表学生会为校“英语天地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家积极养成健康的生活方式，内容包括：
1.倡议的原因；
2.倡议的具体内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2, 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Health Matters Most
Hello, everyone!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．（2022·辽宁实验中学一模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife, Megan, and I went out to dinner with an old friend who we had not seen for a while. There had been some talk of COVID-19 on the news, but it was early in the outbreak and people were still going about their daily routines. Even though everyone in group felt perfectly, we took precautions (预防): we washed our hands with soap and used hand sanitizer (洗手液), did not share food, and had no significantly close contact.
A few days later, our friend called and told us that she had tested positive for the coronavirus. She had felt some mild symptoms for a day or so after that dinner and was able to be tested because she is a doctor. On the following day, I started to feel a little tired and my head was a bit cloudy. I decided to stay in the master bedroom away from the rest of my family. The next morning, I woke up with a 39-degree fever. That was when we realized that I might have caught the virus from our friend.
At once, Megan called our state’s coronavirus hotline, who then called in our primary care doctor and the head of our local hospital system’s coronavirus team. We explained that we had been in contact with someone who had been tested positive, and I was having symptoms. They quickly approved me to receive a test at an urgent care center located 5 kilometer’s drive from my house. The result made my heart sink-I was also tested positive, and the local hospital didn’t have the facilities for my disease. As a mild case, I was recommended to stay home and quarantine (隔离) myself.
Following the doctor’s advice, Megan and I quarantined ourselves and our kids. With my symptoms developing, I started isolation in the bedroom, and the only interaction I had with Megan was when she brought in food. She slept on a small couch in our home office away from the kids’ rooms. She also minimized her contact with our kids in case she was carrying the virus.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para.1:
We decided to call everyone we had contacted over the course of the past week.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para.2:
Though worried about the seriousness of the virus, I knew I had to be brave
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D
2．D
3．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明：食品添加剂对儿童健康有巨大的危害。研究建议家庭应该减少接触食品色素，还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。并邀请环境健康委员会成员、政策声明的主要作者莱昂纳多·特拉森德回答了相关问题。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.(美国儿科学会在网上发布的一份政策声明和技术报告称，家庭应减少接触食品色素、防腐剂和包装材料中发现的合成化学物质，因为越来越多的研究表明它们可能会损害儿童的健康)”以及第二段“The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals. (声明还建议改善食品添加剂监管体系，包括更新美国食品和药物管理局安全评估项目的科学基础，并重新测试所有以前批准的化学品)”可知，根据美国儿科学会的报告，人们应该在日常生活中尽量避免使用食品添加剂，并修改有关食品添加剂的规定，以应对食品添加剂的问题。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.(食品添加剂的潜在有害影响对儿童尤其重要，因为他们对接触化学物质更敏感，因为相对于体重而言，他们比成年人吃的和喝的更多，而且他们还在生长发育中。早期对他们器官系统的损伤可能会造成终身和永久的后果)”可知，莱昂纳多·特拉森德认为，食品添加剂对儿童的危害比成人大，因为研究表明，儿童的器官更容易受损，也更难恢复。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease, fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems.(双酚类物质，如用于硬化塑料容器和金属罐的BPA，可以像体内的雌激素一样，潜在地改变青春期的时间、降低生育能力、增加身体脂肪，并影响神经和免疫系统)”以及最后一段中“Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease.(邻苯二甲酸盐可使工业食品生产中使用的塑料管和乙烯基管变得灵活，它可能会影响男性生殖器发育、增加儿童肥胖、并导致心血管疾病)”可知，一共提到7种有害影响。故选B。
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的分析研究发现：与低纤维摄入量的人相比，高纤维饮食的人死亡和中风或癌症等慢性病的风险较低。
4．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Based on the research, he said 25 grams of fiber each day was the best and that a 15-gram increase in whole grains consumed per day was associated with a 2% to 19% reduction in total deaths and related diseases.(基于这项研究，他说，每天摄入25克纤维是最好的，每天多摄入15克全谷物，总死亡率和相关疾病就会减少2%至19%)”可知，每天建议摄入25克的膳食纤维。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it discovered that for people with iron deficiency (缺乏), high levels of whole grains could further reduce iron levels.(但研究发现，对于缺铁的人来说，高水平的全谷物可以进一步降低铁含量)”可知，高水平的全谷物摄入量对铁含量低的人有害。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Reynolds noted, “One limitation of the analysis is that the studies involved only healthy individuals, so the findings do not apply to people with pre-existing chronic conditions.” “Also, most studies in the research were conducted in Western societies, it is not ‘100%certan’ that the results therefore apply to Eastern societies,” he added.(Reynolds指出：“分析的一个局限性是，这些研究只涉及健康人，因此这些发现不适用于已有慢性病的人。”“此外，该研究中的大多数研究都是在西方社会进行的，因此这些结果并不“100%肯定”适用于东方社会，”他补充说)”可知 ，Reynolds对分析研究的态度是客观的。故选B。
7．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fiber's health benefits have been recorded by over 100 years of research. However, they have been still over-looked so far(纤维对健康的益处已经有超过100年的研究记录。然而，它们至今仍被忽视)”可知，纤维的好处还没有被公众充分认识到。故选D。
8．A
9．D
10．B
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了参加体育运动的益处。
8．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough.(他们为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程，希望你能从中吸取教训:以绅士的方式取胜，输了不失尊严，遇到困难时坚持下去。)”可知，父母希望他们的孩子参加体育活动时，能够坚持不懈地克服障碍。故选A。
9．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For us, the thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.(对我们来说，那种认为体育竞赛关乎更大的人生教训和性格塑造的想法，已经被有关职业运动员的头条新闻所掩盖。)”可知，运动对人性格的培养并没有被大家过多关注，反倒是专业运动员的一些花边新闻引起人们更多的关注。故选D。
10．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““And yet there’s still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, Professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that’s true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.(堪萨斯大学健康、运动和运动科学系教授安吉拉·兰普金说:“然而，仍然有强有力的证据表明，体育运动能强有力地培养特定的个人品质。”对于任何年龄的运动员来说都是如此。业余运动为比赛提供了一个安全的场所。他们也提供了一个处理压力的练习场地。)”可知，列举业余运动是为了证明Lumpkin的观点。故选B。
11．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep into your professional life, too.(参加体育运动的好处也会渗透到你的职业生活中。)”和“All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.(所有这些球场上的经验影响了你在现实中处理情况的方式。)”可知，它影响着我们的职业生涯，影响着我们如何处理现实生活中的情况。故选C。
12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针及社会对这项指导方针的不同的反应。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.”（这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%）可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，由此可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针将逐步实施。故选C项。
13．
词义猜测题。根据画线短语后句“Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，下文专家建议强制减少盐的使用，由此可推断出，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不会带来太大变化，所以才会建议强制减少盐的使用，“Bring about changes”意为“带来变化”，能够代替画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.”（塔夫茨大学的Dariush Mozaffarian博士说，中国最近的一项研究表明，FDA应该更严格地遵守其指导方针。研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低）可知，中国最近的一项研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低，由此可知，少摄入盐会降低中风和心脏问题的几率，由此可推断出，最后一段提到中国是为了证明少摄入盐的效果。故选B项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容“Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.”（营养学家和公共卫生专家赞扬FDA解决了钠过量的问题，称这项努力将有助于加强公众对摄入过多盐的危险的关注，并给食品公司带来压力，使其减少对盐作为廉价调味剂的依赖）和最后一段关键句“But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（但许多人表示，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用。一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，文章最后两段主要介绍了人们对FDA减盐的指导方针的反应，有人表示赞扬，有人认为不太可能起到很大的作用，由此可知，最后两段主要讲的是对FDA指导方针的反应。故选B项。
16．G
17．A
18．C
19．E
20．F
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些居家锻炼的方法。
16．
根据上文“Although a gym membership can be nice, you don't have to have one to get into great shape! All you need is a little bit of time and space at home for yourself. (虽然健身房的会员资格很好，但你并不一定要拥有它才能保持好身材！你所需要的只是在家里给自己一点时间和空间)”可知，上文提到在家也可以保持好身材，结合下文介绍居家锻炼计划的一些具体方面，故G选项“但在这之前，你需要建立一个在家健身的习惯”符合语境，故选G。
17．
根据上文“Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before every workout. (每次锻炼前花5到10分钟热身)”以及后文“Try jumping jacks, leg or arm circles, or even dancing. Just get your blood pumping. Do a progressive aerobic activity that uses the same muscles you want to work out. For instance, slowly jog if you are going for a longer run. (试着做开合跳，绕腿或手臂，甚至跳舞。让你的血液循环起来。做一个渐进的有氧运动，使用你想锻炼的肌肉。例如，如果你要跑更长的距离，可以慢跑)”可知，本段介绍锻炼前的热身。答题空后介绍了三种热身方式，回答了A项的问题。故A选项“不知道该做什么？”符合语境，故选A。
18．
根据后文“Strength training, also called resistance training, makes you stronger and builds endurance. Try to do exercises that work a lot of muscles and add weight to increase your resistance. This helps you do a harder workout every time you exercise. (力量训练，也叫阻力训练，能让你更强壮，建立耐力。试着做一些锻炼肌肉和增加体重的运动来增加你的抵抗力。这可以帮助你在每次锻炼的时候做更艰苦的锻炼)”可知，本段主要介绍了力量训练的作用和训练方法，故C选项“每周做两次力量训练来锻炼肌肉”符合语境，故选C。
19．
根据后文“You might be eager to just stop your workout when you've finished your last set of activity, but take a few minutes to do low-intensity exercises that lower your heart rate. You might drop your run into a walk or slow down your cycling, for instance. (当你完成最后一组运动时，你可能渴望停止锻炼，但花几分钟做一些低强度的运动，降低你的心率。例如，你可以把跑步改为散步或放慢骑车的速度)”可知，本段介绍了训练结束时，不要突然结束，要有强度上的过渡，E项概括了本段主要内容。故E选项“每次锻炼后花5到10分钟时间放松”符合语境，故选E。
20．
根据上文“Set achievable goals that you can break into smaller tasks. It's one thing to say you want to get fit, but that means something different for everyone. (设定一个可以实现的目标，你可以把它分解成一个个小任务。说你想健身是一回事，但对每个人来说意味着不同的东西)”以及后文“It should be specific, realistic, and meaningful. Then, break down each goal into small, actionable steps so it feels like you're making progress regularly.(它应该是具体的、现实的和有意义的。然后，把每个目标分解成小的、可操作的步骤，这样你就会有定期进步的感觉)”可知，本段主要介绍了设定具体可行的目标，F项提出应该设定目标，后文介绍应该设定什么样的目标。故F选项“找出你想要达到的目标，并以此为目标”符合语境，故选F。
21．A
22．B
23．C
24．D
25．C
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．D
30．C
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．A
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者自己如何从“小书呆子”变成了一个热爱运动的人，他意识到运动并不只是取决于才能，对于缺乏运动天赋的人来说，努力十分重要。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“对于像你这样一点能力都没有的人来说，你在我的班上表现很好，”A. class课程；B. family家庭；C. crew船员；D. firm公司。根据前句“In Grade 7, my PE teacher watched me”可知这位体育老师说“对于像你这样没有能力的人来说，你在我的课上表现得很好。”故选A。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在高中的时候，我不适合任何一个团队。A. perfect完美的；B. suitable合适的；C. prepared准备好的；D. responsible负责的。根据上文“for someone like you with no ability at all”和空处后句“I was bookish and slow”，可知作者表达自己不适合一个团队，喜欢读书，反应迟钝。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是个书呆子，行动迟缓，那种更适合安静阅读和悠闲散步的自我形象一直伴随着我的一生。A. hikes远足；B. rides骑；C. walks散步；D. drives驾驶。根据后文“that self-image-of being better suited to quiet reading and leisurely”指安静地阅读和悠闲地散步的自我形象，故选C。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在20多岁的时候发现了跑步，我很享受那种安静的成就感——不用担心让队友失望，但我总是把精神追求置于身体追求之上。A. ignored忽视；B. believed相信；C. applied应用；D. enjoyed享受。根据后文“the feeling of quiet accomplishment”可知，作者很享受那种安静的成就感。故选D。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在20多岁的时候发现了跑步，我很享受那种安静的成就感——不用担心让队友失望，但我总是把精神追求置于身体追求之上。A. knocking into撞上；B. running into遭遇；C. letting down使失望；D. calming down平静。根据上文“without the fear of”可知跑步让作者没有让队友失望的恐惧，故选C。
26．
考查不定代词辨析。句意：我知道必须有所改变。A. anything任何事；B. something有些事情；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。根据前句“It was my mental wellness that finally forced me to rethink my fitness. This winter, I found myself extremely tired.”可知，作者知道有些事情必须改变了。故选B。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要一种方法来释放几个月来视频会议、断断续续的单亲家庭和虚拟学校带来的紧张感。A. record记录；B. change改变；C. reserve预定；D. release释放。根据后文“the tension of months of video conferences, on-and-off single parenting and virtual school”可知作者必须改变，需要释放压力。故选D。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自三月初以来，我几乎没有一天错过骑自行车。A. missed错过；B. forgotten忘记；C. arranged安排；D. passed通过。根据上文“I settled on an exercise bike. Since early March”可知，自三月初以来，作者几乎没有一天错过骑自行车。故选A。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我不是最快的。A. latest最新的；B. busiest最忙的；C. loneliest最孤独的；D. fastest最快的。根据上文“I settled on an exercise bike.”及下文语境可知作者骑自行车并不是最快的。故选D。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，它是关于滋养你的思想。A. slipping滑动；B. steadying稳住；C. feeding喂养；D. speaking说话。根据前句“I'm finally learning that movement isn't necessarily about athleticism” 可知，运动不一定与运动能力有关，更重要的是，它是关于滋养思想。故选C。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是当你在自己的舒适区之外完成一件困难的事情时的成就感。A. avoid避免；B. admit承认；C. finish结束，完成；D. mind介意。根据后文“something hard outside of your comfort zone”可知，指完成一件困难的事情。故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而对于我们其他人来说，回报则更加个人化：睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。A. struggle挣扎；B. reward奖励，回报；C. experience经历；D. conflict冲突。根据前句“A handful of people will find glory in athleticism.”可知作者表示“少数人会在体育运动中找到荣耀。对我们其余的人来说，回报是更个人化，比如：更好的睡眠，改善的情绪和增强的信心”。故选B。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：而对于我们其他人来说，回报则更加个人化：睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。A. boosted提高；B. rebuilt重建；C. frustrated使沮丧；D. lost失去。根据上文“better sleep, improved spirits and”可知指睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。故选A。
34．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这与能力无关。A. never从不；B. ever曾经；C. always总是；D. only仅仅。根据前句“I'm not destined for the Olympics.”可知此句表示“但这与能力无关。我真希望我的体育老师能告诉我这些”。故选A。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看看你的努力。A. strength力量；B. knowledge知识；C. reflection反射；D. effort努力。通读整篇文章，尤其和第一段中“for someone like you with no ability at all’”呼应。可知作者不由感慨“要是他能说：‘你在我的课上表现很好。看看你的努力。’该多好呀！”故选D。
36．is
37．to increase
38．a
39．injured
40．that
41．was filled
42．running
43．in
44．determination
45．positively
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文作者叙述了自己通过跑步锻炼来改善自我、增强自信。
36．
考查主谓一致和时态。句意：买新衣服和新手机是件好事，但这只能在一段时间内提升你的自尊心。该句主语是动名词短语“Buying new clothes and new phones（买新衣服和新手机）”这件事情，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；句意阐述一般性事实，谓语动词用一般现在时；综上分析，该空应该填be动词的一般现在时单数形式is。故填is。
37．
考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么不尝试一些新的东西来增加你的自尊并在相当长的一段时间内改善你的生活呢？结合句意，动词不定式to increase作目的状语。故填to increase。
38．
考查冠词。句意：跑步也许是一个不错的选择。该句中choice是可数名词，其定语修饰词good首字母发辅音音素，choice前应该用不定冠词a修饰，表泛指“一个选择”。故填a。
39．
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管我的腿在路上受伤了，而且很痛，但我还是找到了一些令人满意的东西，一些其他锻炼方法无法获得的东西。结合句意，此处过去分词injured在动词got后表被动意义。故填injured。
40．
考查定语从句。句意：尽管我的腿在路上受伤了，而且很痛，但我还是找到了一些满足感，一些通过其他锻炼方法无法得到的东西。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词something是不定代词，应该用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。
41．
考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：我充满了自信。固定短语be filled with表示“充满……”，该空缺少be filled；句意阐述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语是I，综上分析，该空be动词应该填一般过去式的单数形式was。故填was filled。
42．
考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来的几天，我一直在跑步。固定短语keep doing sth.意为“一直（持续）做某事”，其中keep后搭配动名词作宾语，因此，其过去式kept后应接动名词running。故填running。
43．
考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：上周，我参加了我的第一次半程马拉松比赛，与大约100名年轻运动员进行竞争。分析句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是half marathon，结合句意表示作者“在这场比赛里”与大约100名年轻运动员进行竞争，关系代词是which前应该加介词in。故填in。
44．
考查名词。句意：我以极大的决心成功地越过了终点线。determine的名词形式determination意为“决心”，在介词with后作宾语，构成介宾结构。故填determination。
45．
考查副词。句意：我花了这么长时间才意识到，每天跑步30分钟这样简单的事情可以改善你的生活。positive的副词形式positively意为“积极地”，修饰该句中的谓语动词can better作状语。故填positively。
46． Health Matters Most
Hello, everyone! As you can see, an increasing number of students in our school have been under tremendous pressure ever since senior high school, thus developing an unhealthy lifestyle, such as staying up deep into night，rushing through meals, taking little physical exercise and so forth. Not only will these bad living habits do harm to our health, but they will have a negative impact on our study. Hence, it’s high time that we should take immediate action and say no to the unhealthy lifestyle.
First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours. As the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. In addition, we’re supposed to take meals slowly and regularly, which contributes to good digestion and health. Last but not least, it’s strongly recommended that we should spare as much time as possible to work out. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life and make our study more productive.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你注意到许多学生进入高中以来在学习的重压之下养成了一些不良的生活方式，如熬夜很晚、吃饭匆忙、体育锻炼少等等。请代表学生会为校“英语天地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家积极养成健康的生活方式。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
有害：be harmful for→do harm to
培养：develop→form
巨大的：huge→tremendous
此外：besides→→in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours. As the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
拓展句：First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours because as the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Not only will these bad living habits do harm to our health, but they will have a negative impact on our study. (运用了部分倒装)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, it’s strongly recommended that we should spare as much time as possible to work out. (运用了虚拟语气)
47．Para.1：
We decided to call everyone we had contacted over the course of the past week. Megan insisted we should let them know that I had tested positive. Hard as it was to inform people that we might have given them the coronavirus, it was the responsible thing to do. To our pleasant surprise, all of our friends showed their understanding and support upon hearing the news. To cheer us up, one of my wife’s best friends even baked a cake with the letters “Stay Strong” on it and delivered it to our front door.
Para.2：
Though worried about the seriousness of the virus, I knew I had to be brave. I made sure to get plenty of rest and did some exercise to stay as healthy as I could. I also managed to ease the worries of Megan and our kids during our quarantine by spending more time doing online video-chats with them. Within the following week, my fever started to fade and I could feel my head clearing. The next test showed a cheering result. It came back negative. Had it not been for the love and care from those around me, I wouldn’t have made it.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以新冠病毒为线索，作者和妻子与一个很久未见的朋友一起吃了一顿饭，不幸的是，吃完饭不久朋友打电话说自己新冠测出来是阳性。在接下来的几天，作者也出现了发烧的症状，去医院检查也是呈阳性，但是却被医院告知要回家居家隔离。因此作者便回家将自己隔离起来，并且不跟妻子和孩子接触，避免他们也被感染上。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们决定给在过去一周接触的每个人打电话”可知，本段可以写作者给他们打电话，得到了他们的理解和鼓励，这让作者感到无比温暖。
②由第二段首句内容“尽管担心病毒的严重性，但我知道我必须要勇敢”可知，本段可以写作者是如何勇敢面对病毒，对抗病毒，最后终于痊愈以及作者对此次经历的感受。
2.续写线索：给接触的人打电话→得到他们的理解和鼓励→作者自己要勇敢面对→作者如何勇敢对抗病毒→最终痊愈→感受。
3.词汇激活：
行为类：
使振作：cheer sb. up/pull up one’s slacks/buck sb. up
减轻：ease/relieve/alleviate
确保，保证：make sure/guarantee/make certain
情绪类：
令人高兴的：cheering/joyful/pleasant/delightful
困难的：hard/difficult/tough
惊讶：surprise/amazement/astonishment
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Hard as it was to inform people that we might have given them the coronavirus, it was the responsible thing to do.（运用了as引导的倒装句）
【高分句型2】Had it not been for the love and care from those around me, I wouldn't have made it.（运用了虚拟语气的倒装）
Unit 2 单元测试（新高考专用）
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·上海交大附中高二开学考试）Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.
The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals.
Q&A with the lead author
We asked Leonardo Trasande, Council on Environmental Health member and lead author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.
Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?
A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.
Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.
Q: What additives does the statement highlight?
A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include: Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease, fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.
Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.
1．According to the American Academy of Pediatrics' report, people should _______to cope with the problem of food additives.
A．reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system
B．update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals again
C．improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicals
D．try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additives
2．Leonardo Trasande holds he view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows ________.
A．children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adults
B．children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adults
C．children are just too young and weak to protect themselves
D．children's organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover
3．How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?
A．2. B．7. C．8. D．1.
B
（2022·山东省青岛第九中学高二期末）People who eat diets high in fiber have lower risk of death and chronic (慢性的) diseases, such as stroke or cancer, compared with people with low fiber intake, new analysis research found.
“Fiber's health benefits have been recorded by over 100 years of research. However, they have been still over-looked so far,” Andrew Reynolds, a researcher at the University of Otago in New Zealand, wrote in an e-mail. He is also the coauthor of the research. The research showed that higher intake of fiber led to a reduced possibility of a surprisingly broad range of relevant diseases (heart disease, high blood pressure and colorectal cancer), and reduced body weight, Similar findings were shown with increasing whole-grain intake.
“Most people globally consume about 20 grams of dietary fiber per day,” Reynolds said of the findings. Based on the research, he said 25 grams of fiber each day was the best and that a 15-gram increase in whole grains consumed per day was associated with a 2% to 19% reduction in total deaths and related diseases.
The analysis found no danger of a high fiber intake. But it discovered that for people with iron deficiency (缺乏), high levels of whole grains could further reduce iron levels. Reynolds noted, “One limitation of the analysis is that the studies involved only healthy individuals, so the findings do not apply to people with pre-existing chronic conditions.” “Also, most studies in the research were conducted in Western societies, it is not ‘100%certan’ that the results therefore apply to Eastern societies,” he added.
Brian Power, a dietitian and lecturer in nutrition at University College London, said. “Any increase in dietary fiber has health benefits, and it takes only small changes in diet to achieve a health benefit. A practical way to increase fiber intake is to have meals and snacks around whole grains, vegetables and whole fruits.”
4．How much dietary fiber is recommended every day?
A．15 grams. B．20 grams. C．25 grams. D．35 grams.
5．To whom is high whole-grain intake harmful?
A．Someone with a low iron level. B．Someone with a heart disease.
C．Someone with high blood pressure. D．Someone with a weight problem.
6．What is Reynolds' attitude to the analysis research?
A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Satisfied. D．Doubtful.
7．What do we know about fiber intake?
A．It has just caught researchers' attention lately.
B．People lack practical ways to increase it in diet.
C．The higher it is, the healthier a person will be.
D．Its benefits haven't been fully appreciated by the public.
C
（2022·湖南·长沙一中高二期末）Once upon a time, when you first attended a youth sporting event, your parents probably weren’t expecting you to become a professional athlete. They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough. Yes, doing sports improves health, but it is the life lessons that matter most.
For many of us, instead of struggling to improve our minds and spirits, we began judging progress only by the size of our muscles or the numbers on a weighing machine. For us, the thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.
“And yet there’s still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, Professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that’s true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.
The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep(透) into your professional life, too. In basketball, for example, “Getting everyone to play the right role on the court is the key to success,” says Alan Arlt, the founder of the Life Time Fitness basketball program Ultimate Hoops. “That is certainly useful in the business world, where everyone understands their own role in the organization.” In addition, “In athletic events, you go through good and bad times often in the period of two hours,” says former NBA head coach Flip Saunders. “Do you have the calm manner to settle yourself down, or do you totally lose it and get thrown out of the game which hurts both you and your team? All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”
8．What would parents expect when their children joined in sports?
A．To get through obstacles with perseverance.
B．To enhance their comprehensive fitness level.
C．To defeat opponents with the burning ambition.
D．To win as many professional games as possible.
9．What do many people do according to the article?
A．They play sports to evaluate the size of the muscles.
B．They keep playing sports to improve mental health.
C．They still hold the idea that sports can better build characters.
D．They pay more attention to the news of professional athletes.
10．Why does the author mention “Amateur sports” in Paragraph 3?
A．To clarify a concept. B．To illustrate Lumpkin’s idea.
C．To make a prediction. D．To present a phenomenon.
11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about taking part in a sport?
A．Keys to success in basketball and in athletic events.
B．The significance of understanding the role on the count.
C．Its influences on our career life and on how to address real-life situations.
D．Ways to keep calm in athletic events and the application in real circumstances.
D
（2022·湖北·华中师大一附中高二期末）The Food and Drug Administration, citing an epidemic of diet-related illness, released new guidelines (准则) Wednesday aimed at reducing the amount of salt that of Americans consumes at restaurants, school cafeterias and trucks, or when they are eating packaged and prepared foods at home. The guidelines targeted manufactures that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and French fries.
The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.
That goal translates into 3,000 milligrams of salt—slightly more than 1 teaspoon—compared to the 3,400 milligrams that Americans typically consume in a day. American’s love affair with salty foods has been inked to alarmingly high rates of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure.
Much of the excess sodium that Americans consume, about 70% comes from processed and packaged food and meals served at restaurants, according to researcher. The guidance will apply to 163 categories of processed and packaged food and provide different targets for, say, rye bread, salad dressing and baby food.
Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.
But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt. Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.
12．What is true about the FDA’s guidance about salt cut?
A．It involves all food companies. B．It concerns homemade food.
C．It will be carried out gradually. D．It will be followed strictly.
13．What do the underlined words “move the needle” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Encourage people to eat out. B．Threaten the food companies.
C．Replace the tradition. D．Bring about changes.
14．Why is China mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To persuade the FDA to be patient. B．To prove the effect of less salt intake.
C．To praise China for its action. D．To introduce a salt replacement.
15．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A．Disproval of the FDA guidelines. B．Reactions to the FDA guidelines.
C．Anticipation of the FDA guidelines. D．Approaches to the FDA guidelines.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2022·河北邯郸·高二期末）Although a gym membership can be nice, you don't have to have one to get into great shape! All you need is a little bit of time and space at home for yourself. ___16___
Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before every workout. ___17___ Try jumping jacks, leg or arm circles, or even dancing. Just get your blood pumping. Do a progressive aerobic activity that uses the same muscles you want to work out. For instance, slowly jog if you are going for a longer run.
___18___ Strength training, also called resistance training, makes you stronger and builds endurance. Try to do exercises that work a lot of muscles and add weight to increase your resistance. This helps you do a harder workout every time you exercise.
___19___You might be eager to just stop your workout when you've finished your last set of activity, but take a few minutes to do low-intensity exercises that lower your heartrate. You might drop your run into a walk or slow down your cycling, for instance.
Set achievable goals that you can break into smaller tasks. It's one thing to say you want to get fit, but that means something different for everyone. ___20___ It should be specific, realistic, and meaningful. Then, break down each goal into small, actionable steps so it feels like you're making progress regularly.
A．Not sure what to do?
B．Want to build muscle without buying equipment?
C．Do strength training twice a week to build muscle.
D．If you're struggling to fit in workout time, don't worry.
E．Spend five to ten minutes cooling down after each workout.
F．Figure out what you plan to achieve and make that your goal.
G．But before everything, you need to create an at-home fitness routine.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2022·河北保定·高二期末）In Grade 7, my PE teacher watched me, as I tried to jump up and touch a marker on the wall. And he said: “You're doing pretty well in my ____21____, for someone like you with no ability at all.”
In high school, I wasn't ____22____ for a single team. I was bookish and slow, and that self-image-of being better suited to quiet reading and leisurely ____23____ remained with me for my entire life.
I discovered running in my 20s, and I ____24____ the feeling of quiet accomplishment-without the fear of ____25____teammates, but I always prioritized mental pursuits over physical ones.
It was my mental wellness that finally forced me to rethink my fitness. This winter, I found myself extremely tired. I knew ____26____ had to change. I needed a way to ____27____ the tension of months of video conferences, on-and-off (不断地) single parenting and virtual school.
I settled on an exercise bike. Since early March, I've hardly ____28____ a day on my bike. I'm not the ____29____. But I'm finally learning that movement isn't necessarily about athleticism (运动才能). More importantly, it’s about ____30____ your mind. It’s the feeling of accomplishment when you ____31____ something hard outside of your comfort zone.
A handful of people will find glory in athleticism. For the rest of us, the ____32____ is more personal: better sleep, improved spirits and ____33____ confidence. I’m not destined (注定) for the Olympics. But this was ____34____about ability. That's what I wish my gym teacher had told me.
If only he'd said, “You're doing really well in my class. Look at your ____35____.”
21．A．class B．family C．crew D．firm
22．A．perfect B．suitable C．prepared D．responsible
23．A．hikes B．rides C．walks D．drives
24．A．ignored B．believed C．applied D．enjoyed
25．A．knocking into B．running into C．letting down D．calming down
26．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything
27．A．record B．change C．reserve D．release
28．A．missed B．forgotten C．arranged D．passed
29．A．latest B．busiest C．loneliest D．fastest
30．A．slipping B．steadying C．feeding D．speaking
31．A．avoid B．admit C．finish D．mind
32．A．struggle B．reward C．experience D．conflict
33．A．boosted B．rebuilt C．frustrated D．lost
34．A．never B．ever C．always D．only
35．A．strength B．knowledge C．reflection D．effort
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
（2021·广东·信宜市第二中学高二期中）阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Buying new clothes and new phones _____36_____(be) nice, but it can only increase your self-esteem（自尊）for a while. Why not try something new ____37____(increase) your self-esteem and improve your life for quite a while? Running might just be ___38___ good choice.
Take me for example, I had never had much interest in running. I didn't really start it until recently. After work one day, I decided to go for a long run. Even though my legs got___39___(injure) on the way, and it was painful, I found something satisfying, something ___40___ cannot be got through other exercise methods. I ___41___(fill)with a sense of confidence. The following days, I kept ___42___ (run).
I ran my first half marathon last week, ___43___ which I competed with about one hundred young athletes. I succeeded in crossing the finish line with great ___44___(determine).
It took me all this time to realize that something as simple as running 30 minutes a day can better your life____45____(positive).You become stronger and healthier. You'll push yourself even harder than you knew you could, people and you can be more efficient at work.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．（2022·湖北·高二阶段练习）假定你是李华，你注意到许多学生进入高中以来在学习的重压之下养成了一些不良的生活方式，如熬夜很晚、吃饭匆忙、体育锻炼少等等。请代表学生会为校“英语天地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家积极养成健康的生活方式，内容包括：
1.倡议的原因；
2.倡议的具体内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2, 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Health Matters Most
Hello, everyone!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．（2022·辽宁实验中学一模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My wife, Megan, and I went out to dinner with an old friend who we had not seen for a while. There had been some talk of COVID-19 on the news, but it was early in the outbreak and people were still going about their daily routines. Even though everyone in group felt perfectly, we took precautions (预防): we washed our hands with soap and used hand sanitizer (洗手液), did not share food, and had no significantly close contact.
A few days later, our friend called and told us that she had tested positive for the coronavirus. She had felt some mild symptoms for a day or so after that dinner and was able to be tested because she is a doctor. On the following day, I started to feel a little tired and my head was a bit cloudy. I decided to stay in the master bedroom away from the rest of my family. The next morning, I woke up with a 39-degree fever. That was when we realized that I might have caught the virus from our friend.
At once, Megan called our state’s coronavirus hotline, who then called in our primary care doctor and the head of our local hospital system’s coronavirus team. We explained that we had been in contact with someone who had been tested positive, and I was having symptoms. They quickly approved me to receive a test at an urgent care center located 5 kilometer’s drive from my house. The result made my heart sink-I was also tested positive, and the local hospital didn’t have the facilities for my disease. As a mild case, I was recommended to stay home and quarantine (隔离) myself.
Following the doctor’s advice, Megan and I quarantined ourselves and our kids. With my symptoms developing, I started isolation in the bedroom, and the only interaction I had with Megan was when she brought in food. She slept on a small couch in our home office away from the kids’ rooms. She also minimized her contact with our kids in case she was carrying the virus.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para.1:
We decided to call everyone we had contacted over the course of the past week.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para.2:
Though worried about the seriousness of the virus, I knew I had to be brave
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D
2．D
3．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明：食品添加剂对儿童健康有巨大的危害。研究建议家庭应该减少接触食品色素，还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。并邀请环境健康委员会成员、政策声明的主要作者莱昂纳多·特拉森德回答了相关问题。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.(美国儿科学会在网上发布的一份政策声明和技术报告称，家庭应减少接触食品色素、防腐剂和包装材料中发现的合成化学物质，因为越来越多的研究表明它们可能会损害儿童的健康)”以及第二段“The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals. (声明还建议改善食品添加剂监管体系，包括更新美国食品和药物管理局安全评估项目的科学基础，并重新测试所有以前批准的化学品)”可知，根据美国儿科学会的报告，人们应该在日常生活中尽量避免使用食品添加剂，并修改有关食品添加剂的规定，以应对食品添加剂的问题。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.(食品添加剂的潜在有害影响对儿童尤其重要，因为他们对接触化学物质更敏感，因为相对于体重而言，他们比成年人吃的和喝的更多，而且他们还在生长发育中。早期对他们器官系统的损伤可能会造成终身和永久的后果)”可知，莱昂纳多·特拉森德认为，食品添加剂对儿童的危害比成人大，因为研究表明，儿童的器官更容易受损，也更难恢复。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease, fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems.(双酚类物质，如用于硬化塑料容器和金属罐的BPA，可以像体内的雌激素一样，潜在地改变青春期的时间、降低生育能力、增加身体脂肪，并影响神经和免疫系统)”以及最后一段中“Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease.(邻苯二甲酸盐可使工业食品生产中使用的塑料管和乙烯基管变得灵活，它可能会影响男性生殖器发育、增加儿童肥胖、并导致心血管疾病)”可知，一共提到7种有害影响。故选B。
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的分析研究发现：与低纤维摄入量的人相比，高纤维饮食的人死亡和中风或癌症等慢性病的风险较低。
4．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Based on the research, he said 25 grams of fiber each day was the best and that a 15-gram increase in whole grains consumed per day was associated with a 2% to 19% reduction in total deaths and related diseases.(基于这项研究，他说，每天摄入25克纤维是最好的，每天多摄入15克全谷物，总死亡率和相关疾病就会减少2%至19%)”可知，每天建议摄入25克的膳食纤维。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But it discovered that for people with iron deficiency (缺乏), high levels of whole grains could further reduce iron levels.(但研究发现，对于缺铁的人来说，高水平的全谷物可以进一步降低铁含量)”可知，高水平的全谷物摄入量对铁含量低的人有害。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Reynolds noted, “One limitation of the analysis is that the studies involved only healthy individuals, so the findings do not apply to people with pre-existing chronic conditions.” “Also, most studies in the research were conducted in Western societies, it is not ‘100%certan’ that the results therefore apply to Eastern societies,” he added.(Reynolds指出：“分析的一个局限性是，这些研究只涉及健康人，因此这些发现不适用于已有慢性病的人。”“此外，该研究中的大多数研究都是在西方社会进行的，因此这些结果并不“100%肯定”适用于东方社会，”他补充说)”可知 ，Reynolds对分析研究的态度是客观的。故选B。
7．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Fiber's health benefits have been recorded by over 100 years of research. However, they have been still over-looked so far(纤维对健康的益处已经有超过100年的研究记录。然而，它们至今仍被忽视)”可知，纤维的好处还没有被公众充分认识到。故选D。
8．A
9．D
10．B
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了参加体育运动的益处。
8．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons about winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough.(他们为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程，希望你能从中吸取教训:以绅士的方式取胜，输了不失尊严，遇到困难时坚持下去。)”可知，父母希望他们的孩子参加体育活动时，能够坚持不懈地克服障碍。故选A。
9．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For us, the thought that athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of character has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.(对我们来说，那种认为体育竞赛关乎更大的人生教训和性格塑造的想法，已经被有关职业运动员的头条新闻所掩盖。)”可知，运动对人性格的培养并没有被大家过多关注，反倒是专业运动员的一些花边新闻引起人们更多的关注。故选D。
10．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段““And yet there’s still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, Professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that’s true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.(堪萨斯大学健康、运动和运动科学系教授安吉拉·兰普金说:“然而，仍然有强有力的证据表明，体育运动能强有力地培养特定的个人品质。”对于任何年龄的运动员来说都是如此。业余运动为比赛提供了一个安全的场所。他们也提供了一个处理压力的练习场地。)”可知，列举业余运动是为了证明Lumpkin的观点。故选B。
11．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep into your professional life, too.(参加体育运动的好处也会渗透到你的职业生活中。)”和“All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.(所有这些球场上的经验影响了你在现实中处理情况的方式。)”可知，它影响着我们的职业生涯，影响着我们如何处理现实生活中的情况。故选C。
12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针及社会对这项指导方针的不同的反应。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“The recommendations, issued after years of delay, seek to reduce the average daily sodium intake step by step—sodium is the chemical name for salt—by 12% over the next two-and-a half years by encouraging food manufacturers, restaurants and food service companies to scale back their use of salt.”（这些建议是在拖延多年后发布的，旨在通过鼓励食品制造商、餐馆和食品服务公司减少食盐的使用，在未来两年半内逐步将钠——盐的化学名称——的平均每日摄入量减少12%）可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐的摄入量的指导目标是在未来两年半内逐步将盐的平均每日摄入量减少12%，由此可知，美国食品和药物管理局关于减少盐摄入量的指导方针将逐步实施。故选C项。
13．
词义猜测题。根据画线短语后句“Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，下文专家建议强制减少盐的使用，由此可推断出，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用，不会带来太大变化，所以才会建议强制减少盐的使用，“Bring about changes”意为“带来变化”，能够代替画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选D项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian from Tufts University said a recent study in China suggested the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines. The study showed people who used a salt replacement reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.”（塔夫茨大学的Dariush Mozaffarian博士说，中国最近的一项研究表明，FDA应该更严格地遵守其指导方针。研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低）可知，中国最近的一项研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代物的人中风和心脏问题的几率降低，由此可知，少摄入盐会降低中风和心脏问题的几率，由此可推断出，最后一段提到中国是为了证明少摄入盐的效果。故选B项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容“Nutritionists and public health experts praised the FDA for taking on the problem of excess sodium, saying the effort would help sharpen the public’s focus on the dangers of taking in too much salt and create pressure on food companies to reduce their reliance on salt as a cheap flavor booster.”（营养学家和公共卫生专家赞扬FDA解决了钠过量的问题，称这项努力将有助于加强公众对摄入过多盐的危险的关注，并给食品公司带来压力，使其减少对盐作为廉价调味剂的依赖）和最后一段关键句“But many said that voluntary measures were unlikely to move the needle very much. Some experts have suggested compulsory reductions.”（但许多人表示，自愿措施不太可能起到很大的作用。一些专家建议强制减少盐的使用）可知，文章最后两段主要介绍了人们对FDA减盐的指导方针的反应，有人表示赞扬，有人认为不太可能起到很大的作用，由此可知，最后两段主要讲的是对FDA指导方针的反应。故选B项。
16．G
17．A
18．C
19．E
20．F
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些居家锻炼的方法。
16．
根据上文“Although a gym membership can be nice, you don't have to have one to get into great shape! All you need is a little bit of time and space at home for yourself. (虽然健身房的会员资格很好，但你并不一定要拥有它才能保持好身材！你所需要的只是在家里给自己一点时间和空间)”可知，上文提到在家也可以保持好身材，结合下文介绍居家锻炼计划的一些具体方面，故G选项“但在这之前，你需要建立一个在家健身的习惯”符合语境，故选G。
17．
根据上文“Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before every workout. (每次锻炼前花5到10分钟热身)”以及后文“Try jumping jacks, leg or arm circles, or even dancing. Just get your blood pumping. Do a progressive aerobic activity that uses the same muscles you want to work out. For instance, slowly jog if you are going for a longer run. (试着做开合跳，绕腿或手臂，甚至跳舞。让你的血液循环起来。做一个渐进的有氧运动，使用你想锻炼的肌肉。例如，如果你要跑更长的距离，可以慢跑)”可知，本段介绍锻炼前的热身。答题空后介绍了三种热身方式，回答了A项的问题。故A选项“不知道该做什么？”符合语境，故选A。
18．
根据后文“Strength training, also called resistance training, makes you stronger and builds endurance. Try to do exercises that work a lot of muscles and add weight to increase your resistance. This helps you do a harder workout every time you exercise. (力量训练，也叫阻力训练，能让你更强壮，建立耐力。试着做一些锻炼肌肉和增加体重的运动来增加你的抵抗力。这可以帮助你在每次锻炼的时候做更艰苦的锻炼)”可知，本段主要介绍了力量训练的作用和训练方法，故C选项“每周做两次力量训练来锻炼肌肉”符合语境，故选C。
19．
根据后文“You might be eager to just stop your workout when you've finished your last set of activity, but take a few minutes to do low-intensity exercises that lower your heart rate. You might drop your run into a walk or slow down your cycling, for instance. (当你完成最后一组运动时，你可能渴望停止锻炼，但花几分钟做一些低强度的运动，降低你的心率。例如，你可以把跑步改为散步或放慢骑车的速度)”可知，本段介绍了训练结束时，不要突然结束，要有强度上的过渡，E项概括了本段主要内容。故E选项“每次锻炼后花5到10分钟时间放松”符合语境，故选E。
20．
根据上文“Set achievable goals that you can break into smaller tasks. It's one thing to say you want to get fit, but that means something different for everyone. (设定一个可以实现的目标，你可以把它分解成一个个小任务。说你想健身是一回事，但对每个人来说意味着不同的东西)”以及后文“It should be specific, realistic, and meaningful. Then, break down each goal into small, actionable steps so it feels like you're making progress regularly.(它应该是具体的、现实的和有意义的。然后，把每个目标分解成小的、可操作的步骤，这样你就会有定期进步的感觉)”可知，本段主要介绍了设定具体可行的目标，F项提出应该设定目标，后文介绍应该设定什么样的目标。故F选项“找出你想要达到的目标，并以此为目标”符合语境，故选F。
21．A
22．B
23．C
24．D
25．C
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．D
30．C
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．A
35．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者自己如何从“小书呆子”变成了一个热爱运动的人，他意识到运动并不只是取决于才能，对于缺乏运动天赋的人来说，努力十分重要。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“对于像你这样一点能力都没有的人来说，你在我的班上表现很好，”A. class课程；B. family家庭；C. crew船员；D. firm公司。根据前句“In Grade 7, my PE teacher watched me”可知这位体育老师说“对于像你这样没有能力的人来说，你在我的课上表现得很好。”故选A。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在高中的时候，我不适合任何一个团队。A. perfect完美的；B. suitable合适的；C. prepared准备好的；D. responsible负责的。根据上文“for someone like you with no ability at all”和空处后句“I was bookish and slow”，可知作者表达自己不适合一个团队，喜欢读书，反应迟钝。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是个书呆子，行动迟缓，那种更适合安静阅读和悠闲散步的自我形象一直伴随着我的一生。A. hikes远足；B. rides骑；C. walks散步；D. drives驾驶。根据后文“that self-image-of being better suited to quiet reading and leisurely”指安静地阅读和悠闲地散步的自我形象，故选C。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在20多岁的时候发现了跑步，我很享受那种安静的成就感——不用担心让队友失望，但我总是把精神追求置于身体追求之上。A. ignored忽视；B. believed相信；C. applied应用；D. enjoyed享受。根据后文“the feeling of quiet accomplishment”可知，作者很享受那种安静的成就感。故选D。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在20多岁的时候发现了跑步，我很享受那种安静的成就感——不用担心让队友失望，但我总是把精神追求置于身体追求之上。A. knocking into撞上；B. running into遭遇；C. letting down使失望；D. calming down平静。根据上文“without the fear of”可知跑步让作者没有让队友失望的恐惧，故选C。
26．
考查不定代词辨析。句意：我知道必须有所改变。A. anything任何事；B. something有些事情；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。根据前句“It was my mental wellness that finally forced me to rethink my fitness. This winter, I found myself extremely tired.”可知，作者知道有些事情必须改变了。故选B。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要一种方法来释放几个月来视频会议、断断续续的单亲家庭和虚拟学校带来的紧张感。A. record记录；B. change改变；C. reserve预定；D. release释放。根据后文“the tension of months of video conferences, on-and-off single parenting and virtual school”可知作者必须改变，需要释放压力。故选D。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自三月初以来，我几乎没有一天错过骑自行车。A. missed错过；B. forgotten忘记；C. arranged安排；D. passed通过。根据上文“I settled on an exercise bike. Since early March”可知，自三月初以来，作者几乎没有一天错过骑自行车。故选A。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我不是最快的。A. latest最新的；B. busiest最忙的；C. loneliest最孤独的；D. fastest最快的。根据上文“I settled on an exercise bike.”及下文语境可知作者骑自行车并不是最快的。故选D。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，它是关于滋养你的思想。A. slipping滑动；B. steadying稳住；C. feeding喂养；D. speaking说话。根据前句“I'm finally learning that movement isn't necessarily about athleticism” 可知，运动不一定与运动能力有关，更重要的是，它是关于滋养思想。故选C。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是当你在自己的舒适区之外完成一件困难的事情时的成就感。A. avoid避免；B. admit承认；C. finish结束，完成；D. mind介意。根据后文“something hard outside of your comfort zone”可知，指完成一件困难的事情。故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而对于我们其他人来说，回报则更加个人化：睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。A. struggle挣扎；B. reward奖励，回报；C. experience经历；D. conflict冲突。根据前句“A handful of people will find glory in athleticism.”可知作者表示“少数人会在体育运动中找到荣耀。对我们其余的人来说，回报是更个人化，比如：更好的睡眠，改善的情绪和增强的信心”。故选B。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：而对于我们其他人来说，回报则更加个人化：睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。A. boosted提高；B. rebuilt重建；C. frustrated使沮丧；D. lost失去。根据上文“better sleep, improved spirits and”可知指睡眠更好，精神更振奋，信心更强。故选A。
34．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这与能力无关。A. never从不；B. ever曾经；C. always总是；D. only仅仅。根据前句“I'm not destined for the Olympics.”可知此句表示“但这与能力无关。我真希望我的体育老师能告诉我这些”。故选A。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看看你的努力。A. strength力量；B. knowledge知识；C. reflection反射；D. effort努力。通读整篇文章，尤其和第一段中“for someone like you with no ability at all’”呼应。可知作者不由感慨“要是他能说：‘你在我的课上表现很好。看看你的努力。’该多好呀！”故选D。
36．is
37．to increase
38．a
39．injured
40．that
41．was filled
42．running
43．in
44．determination
45．positively
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。本文作者叙述了自己通过跑步锻炼来改善自我、增强自信。
36．
考查主谓一致和时态。句意：买新衣服和新手机是件好事，但这只能在一段时间内提升你的自尊心。该句主语是动名词短语“Buying new clothes and new phones（买新衣服和新手机）”这件事情，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；句意阐述一般性事实，谓语动词用一般现在时；综上分析，该空应该填be动词的一般现在时单数形式is。故填is。
37．
考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么不尝试一些新的东西来增加你的自尊并在相当长的一段时间内改善你的生活呢？结合句意，动词不定式to increase作目的状语。故填to increase。
38．
考查冠词。句意：跑步也许是一个不错的选择。该句中choice是可数名词，其定语修饰词good首字母发辅音音素，choice前应该用不定冠词a修饰，表泛指“一个选择”。故填a。
39．
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管我的腿在路上受伤了，而且很痛，但我还是找到了一些令人满意的东西，一些其他锻炼方法无法获得的东西。结合句意，此处过去分词injured在动词got后表被动意义。故填injured。
40．
考查定语从句。句意：尽管我的腿在路上受伤了，而且很痛，但我还是找到了一些满足感，一些通过其他锻炼方法无法得到的东西。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词something是不定代词，应该用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。
41．
考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：我充满了自信。固定短语be filled with表示“充满……”，该空缺少be filled；句意阐述的是过去发生的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语是I，综上分析，该空be动词应该填一般过去式的单数形式was。故填was filled。
42．
考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来的几天，我一直在跑步。固定短语keep doing sth.意为“一直（持续）做某事”，其中keep后搭配动名词作宾语，因此，其过去式kept后应接动名词running。故填running。
43．
考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：上周，我参加了我的第一次半程马拉松比赛，与大约100名年轻运动员进行竞争。分析句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是half marathon，结合句意表示作者“在这场比赛里”与大约100名年轻运动员进行竞争，关系代词是which前应该加介词in。故填in。
44．
考查名词。句意：我以极大的决心成功地越过了终点线。determine的名词形式determination意为“决心”，在介词with后作宾语，构成介宾结构。故填determination。
45．
考查副词。句意：我花了这么长时间才意识到，每天跑步30分钟这样简单的事情可以改善你的生活。positive的副词形式positively意为“积极地”，修饰该句中的谓语动词can better作状语。故填positively。
46． Health Matters Most
Hello, everyone! As you can see, an increasing number of students in our school have been under tremendous pressure ever since senior high school, thus developing an unhealthy lifestyle, such as staying up deep into night，rushing through meals, taking little physical exercise and so forth. Not only will these bad living habits do harm to our health, but they will have a negative impact on our study. Hence, it’s high time that we should take immediate action and say no to the unhealthy lifestyle.
First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours. As the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. In addition, we’re supposed to take meals slowly and regularly, which contributes to good digestion and health. Last but not least, it’s strongly recommended that we should spare as much time as possible to work out. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life and make our study more productive.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你注意到许多学生进入高中以来在学习的重压之下养成了一些不良的生活方式，如熬夜很晚、吃饭匆忙、体育锻炼少等等。请代表学生会为校“英语天地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁大家积极养成健康的生活方式。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
有害：be harmful for→do harm to
培养：develop→form
巨大的：huge→tremendous
此外：besides→→in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours. As the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
拓展句：First of all, we should form the good habit of keeping early hours because as the saying goes, early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Not only will these bad living habits do harm to our health, but they will have a negative impact on our study. (运用了部分倒装)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, it’s strongly recommended that we should spare as much time as possible to work out. (运用了虚拟语气)
47．Para.1：
We decided to call everyone we had contacted over the course of the past week. Megan insisted we should let them know that I had tested positive. Hard as it was to inform people that we might have given them the coronavirus, it was the responsible thing to do. To our pleasant surprise, all of our friends showed their understanding and support upon hearing the news. To cheer us up, one of my wife’s best friends even baked a cake with the letters “Stay Strong” on it and delivered it to our front door.
Para.2：
Though worried about the seriousness of the virus, I knew I had to be brave. I made sure to get plenty of rest and did some exercise to stay as healthy as I could. I also managed to ease the worries of Megan and our kids during our quarantine by spending more time doing online video-chats with them. Within the following week, my fever started to fade and I could feel my head clearing. The next test showed a cheering result. It came back negative. Had it not been for the love and care from those around me, I wouldn’t have made it.
【解析】
【导语】
本文以新冠病毒为线索，作者和妻子与一个很久未见的朋友一起吃了一顿饭，不幸的是，吃完饭不久朋友打电话说自己新冠测出来是阳性。在接下来的几天，作者也出现了发烧的症状，去医院检查也是呈阳性，但是却被医院告知要回家居家隔离。因此作者便回家将自己隔离起来，并且不跟妻子和孩子接触，避免他们也被感染上。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们决定给在过去一周接触的每个人打电话”可知，本段可以写作者给他们打电话，得到了他们的理解和鼓励，这让作者感到无比温暖。
②由第二段首句内容“尽管担心病毒的严重性，但我知道我必须要勇敢”可知，本段可以写作者是如何勇敢面对病毒，对抗病毒，最后终于痊愈以及作者对此次经历的感受。
2.续写线索：给接触的人打电话→得到他们的理解和鼓励→作者自己要勇敢面对→作者如何勇敢对抗病毒→最终痊愈→感受。
3.词汇激活：
行为类：
使振作：cheer sb. up/pull up one’s slacks/buck sb. up
减轻：ease/relieve/alleviate
确保，保证：make sure/guarantee/make certain
情绪类：
令人高兴的：cheering/joyful/pleasant/delightful
困难的：hard/difficult/tough
惊讶：surprise/amazement/astonishment
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Hard as it was to inform people that we might have given them the coronavirus, it was the responsible thing to do.（运用了as引导的倒装句）
【高分句型2】Had it not been for the love and care from those around me, I wouldn't have made it.（运用了虚拟语气的倒装）
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