译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit4预习新知早知道1课件+学案

Ⅰ.匹配词义

A．单词匹配

1．massive　　  A．adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的

2．network B．adv. 显然，可见

3．finance   C．adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的

4．autonomous D．n. 偷窃，偷窃罪

5．domestic   E．adj. 巨大的，大而重的；

 非常严重的

6．urge   F．n. 数据库

7．apparently   G．n. 可供选择的事物

 adj，可供替代的；非传统的

8．database   H．n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，

 人际网；(互联)网络

9．alternative   I．vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，

 竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策

10．theft   J．n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，

 财务管理 vt. 提供资金

[答案]　1－5　EHJAC　6－10　IBFGD

B．短语匹配

1．(build)castles in the air  A．保护……免受……

2．adjust to B．(表示列举)等等

3．put forward   C．把……和……相比较

4．to name but a few D．受伤，受损，被害

5．in short   E．开始使用

6．fall victim to   F．提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；

 将(钟表等)向前拨

7．come into use   G．(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想

8．compare...with...   H．强行闯入，撬开；突然开始

 (笑，唱、跑)；顺利打入

9．protect...from...   I．简而言之；总之

10．break into   J．适应；调节

[答案]　1－5　GJFBI　6－10　DECAH

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．castle n. 城堡

2．analyse/analyze vt. 分析

3．breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的

4．threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓

5．crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动

6．murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀

7．warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒

8．demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要

9．greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的

10．recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识

Ⅰ.语境填空

network；autonomous；domestic；demand；massive；castle；database；murder；theft；breakthrough

1．Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.

2．Having got involved in a theft，he was sentenced to five years in prison.

3．On a hill in front of them stood a great castle．

4．Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.

5．The discovery is a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.

6．All is all，we can't live without computer network now.

7．The database could be used as a teaching resource in colleges.

8．They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.

9．He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder．

10．Several coastal cities have undergone massive changes during the last decade.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．He is greedy (greed)and wishes to have money in abundance.

2．The driver apparently(apparent)panicked and ran off the road.

3．They broke my windows to threaten(threat)me.

4．The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond recognition(recognize)．

1．It may seem like building castles in the air，but given the rate at which artificial intelligence，or AI，is being developed，in the future such dreams may actually come true.

也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。

2．The dream of AI has been around for centuries，and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.

人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，自20世纪40年代以来，计算机的发展终于使它成为现实。

3．A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997，when Deep Blue，a chess­playing computer，beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.

人工智能领域的重大突破出现在1997年，当时“深蓝”，一个下棋机，击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。

4．The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.

完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。

5．We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.

我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。

词语助读

①artificial adj. 人工的；人造的；假的

②intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能

③frightening adj. 令人恐惧的

④option n. 可选择的事物；选择；选择权

⑤castle n. 城堡

(build)castles in the air(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想

⑥essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的

⑦capable adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的

⑧input n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input，input)输入信息

⑨previous adj.先前的；以往的

⑩capacity n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量

⑪analyse (AmE analyze)vt. 分析

⑫massive adj. 巨大的；结实的

⑬multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的

⑭imitate  vt. 模仿，仿效

⑮complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的n. 建筑群；复合体；情结

⑯network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；(互联)网络

⑰coin vt. 创造(新词语)

⑱breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的

⑲arguably adv. 可论证地，可以说

⑳finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金

to name but a few(表示列举)等等

autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的

domestic adj. 家庭的，家务的；本国的，国内的

transform vi.& vt. (使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化

threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓

crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动

murder vt.& n. 谋杀，凶杀

urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策

pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势

apparently adv. 显然，可见

warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒

demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要

victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品

fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害

fantastic adj. 极好的，吸引人的；不现实的；奇异的，古怪的

greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的

课本原文

Artificial① intelligence②：

friendly or frightening③？

Imagine waking up one morning with the option④ of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you.How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles⑤ in the air，but given the rate at which artificial intelligence，or AI，is being developed，in the future such dreams may actually come true. [1]

[1]该句是由but连接的并列句。at which artificial intelligence，or AI，is being developed是定语从句，修饰rate。

At the basic level，artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to creat intelligent machines.One of the essential⑥ aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable⑦ of learning from experience，adjusting to new inputs⑧ and performing tasks like humans.To achieve this aim，many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward，including “deep learning”，which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous⑨ actions. [2] Deep­learning AI has the capacity⑩ to analyse⑪ massive⑫ amounts of data through multiple⑬ layers，imitating⑭ the complex⑮ networks⑯ of the human brain.

[2]不定式短语To achieve this aim作目的状语，which引导非限制性定语从句，动名词短语learning from the results of its previous actions作介词by的宾语。

The dream of AI has been around for centuries，and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined⑰ in the mid­1950s，the theory had been explored by Alan Turing，one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.However，for a long time，AI technology developed very slowly.A major breakthrough⑱ in AI came in 1997，when Deep Blue，a chess­playing computer，beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.Then in 2017，a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie，arguably⑲ the best human Go player，which demonstrated a significant advance in deep­learning AI systems. [3]

[3]过去分词短语named AlphaGo作后置定语，arguably the best human Go player作Ke Jie的同位语，which引导非限制性定语从句。

Nowadays，AI is already being applied in many fields: finance⑳，health care，machine translation and art，to name but a few㉑.From autonomous㉒ vehicles to domestic㉓ robots，from recommendation systems to computers writing novels，AI has an unlimited number of applications.Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages，and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.

In short，this technology is transforming㉔ the way we live. [4] It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. [5] With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes，we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.The question is，where will all this lead? While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage，these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. [6] Could machines really develop human­like intelligence? And what would happen if they did? Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten㉕ the existence of humans? How would they be punished if they committed crimes㉖ or even murdered㉗ humans? As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging㉘ us to think about the dangers posed㉙ by the advances in AI. [7] Stephen Hawking，for example，warned，“The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.”

[4]we live为定语从句，修饰way，省略是that或in which。

[5]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。

[6]本句是复合句，逗号前面的从句是由while引导的让步状语从句，该从句中包含一个where引导的定语从句。

[7]as意为“随着……”，引导时间状语从句；不定式短语to think about the dangers作宾语补足语，过去分词短语posed by the advances in AI作后置定语。

Apparently㉚，such warnings㉛ demand㉜ our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim㉝ to AI.We may still think it would be fantastic㉞ to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy㉟ and rather be careful what we wish for! [8]

[8]think后面是省略that的宾语从句，从句中it作形式主语，不定式短语to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us作真正的主语；what we wish for是由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。

译文参考

人工智能：友好还是令人恐惧？

想象一下，某天早上醒来，你可以选择躺在床上，按下一个按钮，让机器人来为你做所有的工作。那该多酷啊！也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。

在基础层面上，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，旨在开发智能机器。人工智能的基本目标之一是开发能够从经验中学习、适应新输入并像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。为了实现这一目标，人们提出了许多创建真正人工智能的方法，包括“深度学习”，这种方法可以让机器通过学习之前的行动结果来提高自身的性能。深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据，模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。

人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，自20世纪40年代以来，计算机的发展终于使它成为现实。“人工智能”这个词在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的许多年前，计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵就已探索了这一理论。然而，在很长一段时间里，人工智能技术发展非常缓慢。人工智能领域的重大突破出现在1997年，当时“深蓝”，一个下棋机，击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在2017年，一个叫做阿尔法围棋的计算机程序打败了可能是人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这是深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。

如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗、自然语言处理和艺术等等。从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，从推荐系统到电脑写小说，人工智能有着无限的应用。普通人现在可以使用人工智能进行外语文本的即时翻译，计算机可以识别指纹甚至人脸。

简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。很明显，我们正处在历史的转折点上。现在随着像阿尔法围棋这样能够从错误中思考和学习的机器的出现，我们正越来越接近人和机器之间的分界线。问题是，这一切将走向何方？虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺，智能机器人将为我们带来一个光明的未来，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。机器真的能开发出类似人的智能吗？如果他们这么做了会怎么样？有思想的机器会和人类一起工作，是否会威胁到人类的生存？如果他们犯罪甚至谋杀人类，他们会受到怎样的惩罚？随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬·霍金曾警告说：完全“人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”

显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。我们可能仍然会想，一整天放松下来，让自动化机器为我们做所有的工作是很棒的，但也许我们不应该太贪婪，而是要小心我们的愿望！