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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement随堂练习题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement随堂练习题，共19页。
选择性必修一Unit 1 People of Achievement单元综合练
总分：120分 时间：100 分钟
第一部分 单元拾零（每小题1分，共10分）
1．The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive（广泛的，大量的） the problems become.
2．Our main __objective__(目标) was the recovery of the child safe and well.
3．It is of __vital__(至关重要的) importance that we get there by six o’clock.
4．The next few weeks are going to be __crucial__(关键性的)．
5．Our research attempts to __evaluate__(评价) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
6．I have __distinct__(清晰的) memories of him in his last years.
7．The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be __extracted__(用力拔出)．
8．__Boil__(煮沸) plenty of salted water, and then add the spaghetti.
9．A stream __flowed__(流动) gently down into the valley.
10．She refuses to __acknowledge__(承认) the need for reform.
第二部分单元提升： 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
A
How I Turned to Be Optimistic
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”.
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule：almost all common troubles eventually go away！Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little！I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
1. How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relatives. B. From her mother.
C. From books and pictures. D. From radio programs.
2. Upon leaving for America the author felt ________.
A. confused B. excited C. worried D. amazed
3. For the first two years in New York, the author ________.
A. often lost her way B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools D. got on well with her stepfather
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己到美国的经历，学到了一条非常重要的原则：几乎所有的困难最终都会解决掉的。只要你不放弃。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.当我们要离开时，我想了想我要去的所有地方——那些我只从书和图画中知道的奇异而神奇的地方。可知作者是通过书和图画知道美国的。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题，根据第二段前两行I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives我不记得自己又为这个原因哭了。事实上，我想当我和我的朋友和亲戚道别时，我哭得很少。由此判断出作者离开的时候感受到很兴奋。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。从第三段的句子For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.可知，在纽约的头两年，我真的很失落——因为搬家，我不得不陆续在三所学校学习。所以作者在纽约的前两年在三个不同的学校学习。选C。
B
Hey, mom,
I want you to stop dropping me off at the airport for some trip that I am about to take and start becoming my seatmate. I want to travel with you — just you.
I want to explore a new place with a woman who raised me, who put up with my teenager anxiety and my rebellious (叛逆的) college years. I want to see my favorite cities with the lady who taught me basic life lessons, such as looking both ways before crossing the street, how to use a glue gun, and that the most important thing in the world is to help others.
I always appreciated the vacations you planned for our family. I also remember how you watched me as I read The Great Gatsby on the balcony at midday. I wonder if you felt proud of me. These days, I am sick of traveling to places with wishy-washy (无主见的) friends. I want to travel with a strong woman who can see how capable I am of learning to speak French or hiking on a glacier or eating something as unpleasant-smelling fruit.
Now I want you to see how much I grow up while abroad — I’m a different person, Mom. And I know you’d be different too. I know that someone has shared a similar burst of emotion while diving into Australia’s Great Barrier Reef for the first time.
So what do you say, Mom? Will you throw responsibility to the wind? I want to travel with you. Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.
Love,
Katka
4. Which of the following is not the life lesson Katka’s mother taught her?
A. Looking both ways when crossing the street.
B. How to use a glue gun.
C. Exploring a new place alongside her mother.
D. Offering help to others when it’s possible.
5. What do the underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Keep you promise.
B. Take care of me.
C. Change your daily routine.
D. Have a break from work.
6. How does Katka feel when she writes this letter?
A. Eager. B. Content. C. Doubtful. D. Upset.
7. What’s the daughter’s purpose of writing this letter?
A. To thank her mother for all she has sacrificed for her.
B. To invite her mother to see the world together.
C. To recall her childhood with her mother.
D. To show her mother how talented she is.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是女儿写给母亲的一封信，信中表达了作者渴望和母亲一起去旅游，一起去看世界的愿望。
【4题详解】
细节推理题。根据第二段“I want to see my favorite cities with the lady who taught me basic life lessons, such as looking both ways before crossing the street, how to use a glue gun, and that the most important thing in the world is to help others.(我想和一位女士一起看看我最喜欢的城市，她教会了我基本的生活课程，比如过马路前要看两边，如何使用胶枪，以及世界上最重要的事情是帮助别人)”可知，A、B、D都正确，C项Exploring a new place alongside her mother.(和妈妈一起探索新的地方)不是卡特卡的母亲教给她的人生课程。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Will you throw responsibility to the wind? I want to travel with you.(你会把责任抛在脑后吗？我想和你一起旅行)”可知，划线句子的意思是“放下工作休息一下”。故选D.
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I want to travel with you — just you.(我想和你一起旅行——就你一个人)”及最后一段中的“Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.(我们走吧——我们可以去世界上任何地方，就你和我。你可以选地方，剩下的我来做)”可推知，作者渴望和母亲一起去旅游。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I want to travel with you — just you.(我想和你一起旅行——就你一个人)”和第三段中的“I want to travel with a strong woman who can see how capable I am of learning to speak French or hiking on a glacier or eating something as unpleasant-smelling fruit.(我想和一个坚强的女人一起旅行，她能看到我学习法语、在冰川上徒步旅行或吃一些气味难闻的水果的能力)”及最后一段中的“Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.(我们走吧——我们可以去世界上任何地方，就你和我。你可以选地方，剩下的我来做)”可推知，作者写信的目的是邀请母亲一起去旅游，去看世界。故选B。
C
A KFC in North Platte, Nebraska received a letter like on other in their mailbox last week. Owner Rocky said he was shocked to see someone had written his store to apologize for stealing chicken! Along with the note were two $1 bills in order to repay for the chicken this “thief” took from the buffet(自助餐) line! Wow! Talk about an honest cheat!
There was no return address on the envelop and Rocky says he wishes he knew who this fried chicken snatcher (小偷) was! Not so he could catch her and bring her to justice but rather because he’d like to give her some free food! Rocky said, “It seems as if her conscience got the best of her. I really wish I knew who it was. I would buy her a few meals.”
The unknown moral letter writer explained just what went down while she was visiting the fast food restaurant, admitting, “This $2 is for the piece of chicken I brought home with me on Tuesday. That’s stealing. Sorry! I took more on my plate than I could eat and I knew it would get thrown away there because it couldn’t get put back on the buffet, so I put it in my purse and brought it home. I do love your chicken!”
She then asked for the restaurant’s forgiveness, since she felt someone else had already forgiven her. She said, “Anyway, God has forgiven me and I hope you will too. I will not be so quick to take so much next time. ” Lady, you are MORE than forgiven! You are on your way to being great!
8. How did the “thief” apologize to Rocky?
A. She sent him an email. B. She wrote a letter to him.
C. She visited him in person. D. She made a call to him
9. What did Rocky expect to do?
A. Bring the lady to justice. B. Find out who the lady was.
C. Reward the lady with money. D. Give the two dollars back to the lady.
10. The lady took the chicken from the restaurant because she________.
A. loved it very much B. preferred to eat it home
C. didn’t want it wasted D. didn’t want to pay for it
11. It can be inferred from the text that the writer ________.
A. disliked the lady B. didn’t forgive the lady
C. appreciated the lady a lot D. had deep pity on the lady
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。内布拉斯加州北普拉特的一家肯德基店收到了一封信，内容是一位女士为自己偷了自助餐上的鸡肉而道歉，因为她不想浪费自己多拿的食物。这位女士请求店主的原谅并保证以后不再这样做。作者认为这位女士的行为很令人钦佩。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Owner Rocky said he was shocked to see someone had written his store to apologize for stealing chicken! ”（店主洛奇说，他很震惊地看到有人写信给他的店，为偷鸡肉道歉！）可知，这个“小偷”通过写信想洛奇道歉。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“There was no return address on the envelop and Rocky says he wishes he knew who this fried chicken snatcher (小偷) was!”（信封上没有回邮地址，洛奇说他希望知道这个炸鸡小偷是谁！）可知，洛奇想找出那个女人是谁。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“I took more on my plate than I could eat and I knew it would get thrown away there because it couldn’t get put back on the buffet, so I put it in my purse and brought it home.”（我盘子里食物比我能吃的还多，我知道它们会被扔在那里，因为它们不能再放回自助餐上了，所以我把它们放在我的包里带回家了。）可知，这位女士从餐馆拿走了鸡肉，因为她不想浪费它。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Lady, you are MORE than forgiven! You are on your way to being great!”（女士，我非常原谅你！你在通往伟大的道路上！）可知，作者很欣赏这位女士。故选C。
D
Airport security is there to protect you, but it may also give you a cold -or worse .
To all the places and surfaces we’ve been warned are covered with germs－the subway seat, airplane cabins, the ATM－add the airport security trays(托盘). The plastic security trays －used at airport checkpoints around the globe and touched by millions of passengers as they drop shoes, smartphones, baggage and other items into them to clear X-ray scanners－have been found to have a variety of germs in them, including the ones responsible for the common cold, according to researchers in Europe.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland during and after peak hours in the winter of 2016 and found rhinovirus, the source of the common cold in them. They found it on half the baggage trays, more than on any of the other surfaces they tested. It wasn't found on toilet surfaces at the airport. The findings could help improve public health strategies in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide.
The European Union has funded a research project, called PANDHUB, on preventing the spread of“high--threat ” pathogens(病原体) on public transportation, and the study by the University of Nottingham is part of that project .
"The presence of germs in the environment of an airport has not been examined previously, said Niina Ikonen, who was involved in the study.
Finavia, the company that operates Helsinki Airport, said in an email,“At Finavia airports, the hygiene(卫生) standards are applied in accordance with health officials' requirements－all surfaces are cleaned daily and all security checkpoint trays, etc., are washed regularly."
Washing your hands properly and coughing into a tissue or sleeve, especially in public places, can help minimize the risk of catching infectious diseases, said Jonathan Van-Tam, a professor at the University of Nottingham. "These simple measures can help prevent the spread of germs and are most important in crowded areas like airports that have a high volume of people traveling to and from many different parts of the world." he added.
12. What should air passengers do according to Van-Tam?
A. Avoid touching other people . B. Spend less time at the airport .
C Bring as little luggage as possible . D. Try to reduce the effect of their coughs .
13. What is special about the study?
A. It focuses on"high-threat" pathogens .
B. It is the first to test for microbes on surfaces at airports.
C. It has found a new way to cure infectious diseases .
D. It has led to a research project called PANDHUB.
14. What did Finavia express in the email?
A. They explained why hygiene was important .
B. They felt quite doubtful about the findings.
C. They had recognized their mistakes .
D. They had done what was required.
15. What did the scientists find at Helsinki airport?
A. Airport security trays had a lot of germs in them.
B. Wet surfaces offered good places for germs to live.
C. Viruses spread quicker during and after peak hours.
D. Airline passengers were more likely to catch a cold on planes.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。欧洲科学家研究发现,在众多检测区域中机场安检托盘上覆盖着最多的细菌。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Washing your hands properly and coughing into a tissue or sleeve, especially in public places, can help minimize the risk of catching infectious diseases, said Jonathan Van-Tam, a professor at the University of Nottingham.（诺丁汉大学教授乔纳森·范-塔姆表示，以正确的方式洗手，并对着纸巾或袖子咳嗽，尤其是在公共场所，有助于将感染传染病的风险降至最低。）”可知，依据An-Tam教授的建议，机场旅客应该尽量在咳嗽的时候用纸巾或袖子遮掩口鼻，以降低其带来的影响。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The presence of germs in the environment of an airport has not been examined previously（机场环境中细菌的存在以前没有被检查过）”可知，这项研究独特的地方在于，它首次检测了机场的各种表面上的微生物。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At Finavia airports, the hygiene(卫生) standards are applied in accordance with health officials' requirements－all surfaces are cleaned daily and all security checkpoint trays, etc., are washed regularly.（在Finavia机场，卫生标准是按照卫生官员的要求实施的——所有表面都要每天清洁，所有安检托盘等都要定期清洗。）”可知，Finavia公司在电子邮件中表示，他们已经按照规定尽到了卫生清洁的职责。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland... found on toilet surfaces at the airport（英国诺丁汉大学的科学家检测了芬兰赫尔辛基机场经常接触的表面……在机场厕所的表面发现的）”可知，这些科学家在对赫尔辛基机场进行检查后发现机场安检托盘有很多细菌。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot
Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings(调味品)and enjoying each other's company, ____1___.
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel
your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the additional meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices ____2___ choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef. pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetable ____3____Mushroom of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
____4____At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. ___5___.
A. Finally, arrange the seating reasonably.
B. Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home
C. It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully
D. For more variety, consider dumplings, rice cakes and tangyuan.
E. It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
F. Now comes the tom to enjoy your hot pot!
G. Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. G 4. A 5. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了在家中做火锅的一些步骤以及需要准备的食材等。
【1题详解】
.根据后文Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup; Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.（首先，准备一大锅汤;然后，把各种肉和鱼切成薄片。）可知此处介绍的是在家中做火锅的一些步骤，所以B项“这里有一些在家里做中国火锅的简单步骤”切题。故选B项。
【2题详解】
根据前文Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.（然后，把各种肉和鱼切成薄片。）可知要把鱼，肉切成薄片，这样可以快速而充分的烹饪，所以C项“这样可以保证食物能快速、充分地煮熟”是正确的，与上文形成因果关系。故选C项。
【3题详解】
根据前文Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables.（同时，选择，清洗和准备一些蔬菜。）可知同时还要准备一些蔬菜，所以下文应该列举出一些比较受欢迎的蔬菜的选择。G项“受欢迎的蔬菜包括：卷心菜、豌豆叶、冬瓜和西红柿”符合题意，故选G项。
【4题详解】
根据后文At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. （在家里，一个火锅最多可以容纳4-8个人，这取决于火锅的大小。要确保每个人都围成一圈坐着，很容易就能拿到桌上的所有东西。为每位客人准备一个单独的小菜来混合他们的调味料。）可知本段介绍了要合理安排座位，所以A选项“最后，合理安排座位”是正确的。故选A项。
【5题详解】
根据前文“Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings.（为每位客人准备一个单独的小菜来混合他们的调味料。）”可知要给每人准备一个单独的小盘子，接下来就可以享用火锅了，所以F项“现在来享受你的火锅了!”切题，故选F项。
第三部分 语法知识综合运用
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again. To my ___1___, it was the same score.
Later that evening, I ___2___ told Frank what I had learned that day. After talking it over, we agree that we knew our ____3____much better than an IQ test. We ____4____that Michael’s score must have been a ___5___ and we should treat him ____6____as usual.
We moved to Indiana in 1962, and Michael studied at Concordia High School in the same year. He got ___7___ grades in the school, especially ___8___ biology and chemistry, which was a great comfort.
Michael ___9___ Indiana University in 1965 as a premedical student, soon afterwards, his teachers permitted him to take more courses than ____10____. In 1968, he was accepted by the School of Medicine, Yale University.
On graduation day in 1972, Frank and I ____11____ the ceremony at Yale. After the ceremony, we told Michael about the ____12____ IQ score he got when he was six. Since that day, Michael sometimes would look at us and say ____13____, “My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!” It is his special way of thanking us for the ____14____ we had in him.
Interestingly, Michael then ____15____another IQ test. We went to the same clinic where he had ___16___ the test eighteen years before. This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points. A result like that was supposed to be ____17____.
Children often do as ____18____ as what adults, particularly parents and teachers,____19____ of them. That is, tell a child he is “ ____20____”, and he may play the role of a foolish child.
1. A. joy B. surprise C. dislike D. disappointment
2. A. tearfully B. fearfully C. cheerfully D. hopefully
3. A. student B. son C. friend D. doctor
4. A. argued B. realized C. decided D. understood
5. A. joke B. mistake C. warning D wonder
6. A. specially B. strictly C. naturally D. carefully
7. A. poor B. good C. average D. standard
8. A. in B. about C. of D. for
9. A. visited B. chose C. passed D. entered
10. A. allowed B. described C. required D. offered
11. A. missed B. held C. delayed D. attended
12. A. high B. same C. low D. different
13. A. curiously B. eagerly C. calmly D. jokingly
14. A. faith B. interest C. pride D. delight
15. A. looked for B. asked for C. waited for D. prepared for
16. A. received B. accepted C. organized D. discussed
17. A. imperfect B. impossible C. uncertain D. unsatisfactory
18. A. honestly B. much C. well D. bravely
19. A. hear B. learn C. expect D. speak
20. A. wise B. rude C. shy D. stupid
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。对于成功，智商真的有那么重要吗？文章通过一个故事告诉了我们到底重要不重要！Micheal六岁时智商测试的分数很低，但父母没有告诉他这个结果，而是像往常一样对他。后来Micheal考入印第安纳的医学专业，后来成功成为一名医生。
【1题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：让我失望的是，又是同样的得分。A. joy 快乐；B. surprise惊讶；C. dislike不喜欢；D. disappointment失望。根据上文的“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可知，作者的儿子智商测试得分不高，她让专家再测试一次，结果分数一样低，这让她很失望。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：那天晚些时候，我喊着泪告诉弗兰克我了解的事情。A. tearfully含泪地；B. fearfully恐惧地；C. cheerfully高兴地；D. hopefully充满希望地。根据上文中“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可判断出由于Michael测试成绩不好而感到难过，因此是含着眼泪把这件事告诉Frank。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在谈论之后，我们一致认为我们比智商测试结果更了解自己的儿子。A. student学生；B. son儿子；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据下文中的“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!”可判断出作者是Michael的母亲，即作者和丈夫在讨论关于儿子的事情。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样对他。A. argued 争辩；B. realized意识到；C. decided决定；D. understood明白。根据下文的“we should treat him ___6___ as usual.”可知，这是作者和丈夫讨论后的决定。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样自然地对他。A. joke玩笑；B. mistake错误；C. warning警告；D wonder奇妙。根据下文中的“we should treat him 6 as usual”可判断出他们决定把Michael智力测试的分数作为一次错误的成绩。故选B 。
【6题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样自然地对他。A. specially特殊地；B. strictly严厉地； C. naturally自然地；D. carefully仔细地。根据下文的“as usual”可知，作者和丈夫决定像往常一样自然地对待儿子。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他在高中获得了很好的分数，尤其在生物和化学方面，这对我们来说是个巨大的安慰。A. poor穷的；B. good好的；C. average 平均的；D. standard标准的。根据下文的“which was a great comfort”可判断出Michael获得了好的学习成绩。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：他在高中获得了很好的分数，尤其在生物和化学方面，这对我们来说是个巨大的安慰。A. in在……方面; B. about关于；C. of属于……的；D. for为了；根据其宾语“biology and chemistry”可判断出尤其是生物和化学方面Michael的成绩特别优，用in符合语境。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：Micheal在1965年以医学预科生的身份进入印第安纳大学，很快，他的老师允许他上比这门学科所要求的更多的课程。A. visited参观；B. chose选择；C. passed通过；D. entered进入。根据下文的“Indiana University”可推知，Michael进入了Indiana University。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：Michael在1965年以首席医学学生进入印第安纳大学，很快，他的老师允许他上比这门学科所需要的更多的课程。A. allowed允许；B. described描述；C. required要求；D. offered提供。根据句意可知，Michael上的课比要求的课要多。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：1972年Michael毕业那天，弗兰克和我参加了在耶鲁大学的典礼。A. missed错过；B. held举行；C. delayed推迟；D. attended 参加。根据下文的“After the ceremony”可知，作者和丈夫去参加了儿子的毕业典礼。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典礼之后，我们告诉Michael他在6岁智商测试时得低分的事情。A. high高的；B. same相同的；C. low低的；D. different不同的。根据上文的内容可判断出Michael在小时候的智商是很低的，这时，作者把他智商分数很低这件事告诉了他。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：自那天起，Michael时不时地用开玩笑的口吻看着我们说：“我亲爱的妈妈和爸爸直到我从医学院毕业才告诉我我不能当医生。” A. curiously好奇地；B. eagerly热心地；C. calmly平静地；D. jokingly开玩笑地。根据Michael说的话“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!”可知，他以开玩笑的口吻对自己的父母说。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这是他特别的感谢我们曾经信任他的方式。A. faith信任；B. interest兴趣；C. pride骄傲；D. delight高兴。根据上文的内容可知，Michael在小时候的智商的分数很低，但他的父母并没有把他当作弱智的儿童对待，而是像对待其他的孩子那样对待他，正是这种信任使他在学业上取得了成绩。故选 A。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有趣的是，Michael后来要求了另外一次智商测试。A. looked for寻找；B. asked for 要求；C. waited for等待；D. prepared for 准备。根据下文的“We went to the same clinic”和“This time Michael scored 126,an increase of 36 points.”可知，Michael要求再做一次智商测试。故选B。
【16题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我们去了18年前他接受智商测试的那个相同的诊所。A. received受到；B. accepted接受； C. organized组织；D. discussed讨论。根据上文中的“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可判断出18年前 Michael在这个诊所里接受过智商测试。receive和accept均可表示“接收，接受”,但receive表示接收者客观地收到，不表示愿意接受与否。accept表示收到者经过考虑，观上愿意接受所接之物。故此处用receive符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：一个被认为是不可能的结果。A. imperfect不完美的；B. impossible不可能的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. unsatisfactory不能令人满意的。根据上文中的“This time Michael scored 126,an increase of 36 points.”可知，一个人智商增加了30分被认为是不可能的事。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：儿童像成年人那样做得一样好，尤其是父母和老师期待他们时。A. honestly诚实地；B. much很，非常；C. well好地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据上文的“Michael ___9___ Indiana University in 1965 as a premedical student,”可知，Michael被印第安纳大学录取为医学预科生。由此推知，此处是指孩子会做得很好。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：儿童像成年人那样做得一样好，尤其是父母和老师期待他们时。A. hear听见；B. learn学习；C. expect期待；D. speak说。根据句意可知，此处是指有了父母和老师的期待，孩子会做得很好。 故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：也就说，告诉一个孩子他是愚蠢的，那么他就会扮演一个愚蠢孩子的角色。A. wise明智的；B. rude粗鲁的；C. shy害羞的；D. stupid愚蠢的。根据下文中的“he may play the role of a foolish child”可知，此处用“愚蠢的”符合语境。故选D。
第二节：语法填空 (共10小题；每小题2分,共20分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空
When it comes to the world of artificial intelligence (A1) in a shocking change of roles, robots are now teaching humans ___1___ to be more humane .
Human Pharmacy created an Al algorithm(算法) for their call centers that instructs employees to be ___2___(kind) and more compassionate(有同情心的) to customers. The system ___3___(build) by Cogito, an Al firm, and takes ___4___ new look at how we can use Al for good.
The program is designed ___5___(tell) the call center employees if they are speaking too quickly, too loudly or softly or if they have remained quiet for a given amount of time. The Al looks for certain behaviors and ___6___(pattern) that would indicate unkind communication such as a raised voice, fast speaking, long silences and other indicators ___7___could be tied to lack of compassion or depression. The program’s intention is to have the agents better understand how to communicate more efficiently by ___8___ (analyze) vocal cues(信号).
CEO of Cogito, Joshua Feast, said that he viewed the system as more of a coach ___9___ a replacement for employees. "I don't think human customer agents will be ___10___(complete) replaced." Feast said. "Humans will always want to talk to other humans . The reason is that only other humans really understand us .”
【答案】
1. how 2. kinder 3. is built 4. a 5. to tell
6. patterns 7. that/which 8. analyzing 9. than 10. completely
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了AI（人工智能）现在逐渐变得更人性化以更好地服务人们的生活，但是它并不会完全取代人工客服。
【1题详解】
考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 结构。句意：当谈到人工智能这个角色发生了令人震惊的变化时，机器人正在教人类如何变得更加人性化。分析句意的需要可知，此处应填入特殊疑问词how，表示“如何”，“how to be more humane”这个结构是由特殊疑问词（how ）与不定式短语连用而形成的，它相当于一个名词，在本句中作teach的宾语，故填how。
【2题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：Humana Pharmacy为他们的客服中心创建了一个AI算法，该算法指导员工对客户要更友善、更有同情心。根据and后面的“more compassionate”可知，此处应该填入形容词kind 的比较级和它并列，故填kinder。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：该系统是由一家名为Cogito的AI公司构建的，并重新审视了如何正面利用AI。结合and后面的takes可知，该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语system（单数意义）和build之间是被动关系，句子应该使用被动语态，故填is built。
【4题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该系统是由一家名为Cogito的AI公司构建的，并重新审视了如何正面利用AI。look（名词）在句中为泛指意义，new是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此其前使用不定冠词a，take a new look at意为“重新检视”，故填a。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：该程序是用来提醒客服中心的员工他们是否说话太快，太大声或太温柔，或者某段时间内没有说话。固定短语be designed to do：旨在，目的是，不定式在句中作目的状语，故填to tell。
【6题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：AI会找出表明不友善沟通的特定行为和模式，例如提高声音，说话快，长时间的沉默和那些可能与同情心的缺乏或压抑有关的其他指标。pattern（模式）在句中是可数名词，应使用复数和behaviors并列，故填patterns。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：AI会找出表明不友善沟通的特定行为和模式，例如提高声音，说话快，长时间的沉默和那些可能与同情心的缺乏或压抑有关的其他指标。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词indicators（指物）意为“指标”，它在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8题详解】
考查动名词。句意：该程序的目的是让代理人可以更好地了解如何透过声音信号的分析来达到更有效率的沟通。介词by后面使用动名词作宾语，故填analyzing。
【9题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：Cogito的首席执行官Joshua Feast表示，他认为该系统更像是教练，而不是雇员的替代品。固定搭配more of a ... than ... 表示“ 比……更具有……的气质（特点）”，故填than。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意：Feast说道，“我认为人工客服中心不会被完全取代”。使用副词作状语修饰动词replaced，故填completely。
第四部分：写作（满分20分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Christmas Day. Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing of his bell on the shop door. The bell, which produced a uniquely pleasant sound, had been in Pappy’s family for over a hundred years. He valued it dearly and enjoyed sharing its song with all who came to his shop. Although the bell hung on the inside of the main door, Pappy had tied a wire to the screen door so that it would ring whether the inner door was open or not. Hearing the bell, he left the backroom to greet his customer.
“And how can I help you, little lady?” Pappy’s voice was joyful.
“Hello, sir.” The little girl spoke almost in a whisper. She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes, and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special. Shyly she told him, “I’d like to buy a present, sir.”
“Well, let’s see,” Pappy said, “who is this present for?”
“My grandpa. It’s for my grandpa. But I don’t know what to get.”
Pappy began to make suggestions. “How about a pocket watch? It’s in good condition.” The little girl didn’t answer. She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door. She shook the door gently to ring the bell. Pappy’s face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
“This is just right.” the little girl said. “Momma says grandpa loves music.”
Just then, Pappy’s expression changed. Fearful of breaking the little girl’s heart, he told her, “I’m sorry, Missy. That’s not for sale. Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”
The girl looked at the radio, bowed her head, and sadly sighed, “No, I don’t think so.”
In an effort to help her understand, Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion, for the rest of his family were all gone, except for his estranged (疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked up at him. _________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop, he heard a familiar ringing. ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
读后续写
文章第一段主要介绍了Pappy店的门铃响了,本段主要介绍了门铃的特别，以及他对作者的意义，而接下来的几段是小女孩与Pappy的对话，内容反映出小女孩看中的是Pappy的门铃。续写的第一段的第一句话已经给出，从这句话可以看出当小女孩得知铃不卖后很失望，再看下一段第一句，Pappy又听到了熟悉的声音，显然Pappy最后还是卖给女孩了。因此第一段主要写Pappy忍痛割爱，把门铃卖给女孩的过程，而第二段应该是卖了门铃之后,小女孩为Pappy做的事情。
With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked up at him. She managed a forced smile, murmuring“Thank you, anyway” and walked towards the door. Suddenly Pappy thought of his estranged daughter. Feeling a lump in his throat, Pappy called out,“How much have you got to spend, Missy?” Hearing this, the little girl emptied her purse onto the counter --- two dollars. After a quick struggle in his mind, Pappy said,“Today is Christmas Day and this is your lucky day. The bell costs exactly two dollars.” Holding the special bell close to her chest, the child danced out.
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop, he heard a familiar ringing. He couldn’t believe his ears! There in the doorway stood the little girl, ringing the bell and smiling sweetly. Puzzled, Pappy approached her. “Have you changed your mind, little lady?” “No.”the child grinned, “Momma says the present is for you.”Before Pappy had time to say another word, the child’s mother stepped in. Holding back her tears, she gently said,“Hello, Dad.”
选择性必修一Unit 1 People of Achievement单元综合练
总分：120分 时间：100 分钟
第一部分 单元拾零（每小题1分，共10分）
1．The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive（广泛的，大量的） the problems become.
2．Our main __objective__(目标) was the recovery of the child safe and well.
3．It is of __vital__(至关重要的) importance that we get there by six o’clock.
4．The next few weeks are going to be __crucial__(关键性的)．
5．Our research attempts to __evaluate__(评价) the effectiveness of the different drugs.
6．I have __distinct__(清晰的) memories of him in his last years.
7．The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be __extracted__(用力拔出)．
8．__Boil__(煮沸) plenty of salted water, and then add the spaghetti.
9．A stream __flowed__(流动) gently down into the valley.
10．She refuses to __acknowledge__(承认) the need for reform.
第二部分单元提升： 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
A
How I Turned to Be Optimistic
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”.
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule：almost all common troubles eventually go away！Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little！I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
1. How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relatives. B. From her mother.
C. From books and pictures. D. From radio programs.
2. Upon leaving for America the author felt ________.
A. confused B. excited C. worried D. amazed
3. For the first two years in New York, the author ________.
A. often lost her way B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools D. got on well with her stepfather
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己到美国的经历，学到了一条非常重要的原则：几乎所有的困难最终都会解决掉的。只要你不放弃。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.当我们要离开时，我想了想我要去的所有地方——那些我只从书和图画中知道的奇异而神奇的地方。可知作者是通过书和图画知道美国的。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题，根据第二段前两行I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives我不记得自己又为这个原因哭了。事实上，我想当我和我的朋友和亲戚道别时，我哭得很少。由此判断出作者离开的时候感受到很兴奋。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。从第三段的句子For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.可知，在纽约的头两年，我真的很失落——因为搬家，我不得不陆续在三所学校学习。所以作者在纽约的前两年在三个不同的学校学习。选C。
B
Hey, mom,
I want you to stop dropping me off at the airport for some trip that I am about to take and start becoming my seatmate. I want to travel with you — just you.
I want to explore a new place with a woman who raised me, who put up with my teenager anxiety and my rebellious (叛逆的) college years. I want to see my favorite cities with the lady who taught me basic life lessons, such as looking both ways before crossing the street, how to use a glue gun, and that the most important thing in the world is to help others.
I always appreciated the vacations you planned for our family. I also remember how you watched me as I read The Great Gatsby on the balcony at midday. I wonder if you felt proud of me. These days, I am sick of traveling to places with wishy-washy (无主见的) friends. I want to travel with a strong woman who can see how capable I am of learning to speak French or hiking on a glacier or eating something as unpleasant-smelling fruit.
Now I want you to see how much I grow up while abroad — I’m a different person, Mom. And I know you’d be different too. I know that someone has shared a similar burst of emotion while diving into Australia’s Great Barrier Reef for the first time.
So what do you say, Mom? Will you throw responsibility to the wind? I want to travel with you. Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.
Love,
Katka
4. Which of the following is not the life lesson Katka’s mother taught her?
A. Looking both ways when crossing the street.
B. How to use a glue gun.
C. Exploring a new place alongside her mother.
D. Offering help to others when it’s possible.
5. What do the underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Keep you promise.
B. Take care of me.
C. Change your daily routine.
D. Have a break from work.
6. How does Katka feel when she writes this letter?
A. Eager. B. Content. C. Doubtful. D. Upset.
7. What’s the daughter’s purpose of writing this letter?
A. To thank her mother for all she has sacrificed for her.
B. To invite her mother to see the world together.
C. To recall her childhood with her mother.
D. To show her mother how talented she is.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是女儿写给母亲的一封信，信中表达了作者渴望和母亲一起去旅游，一起去看世界的愿望。
【4题详解】
细节推理题。根据第二段“I want to see my favorite cities with the lady who taught me basic life lessons, such as looking both ways before crossing the street, how to use a glue gun, and that the most important thing in the world is to help others.(我想和一位女士一起看看我最喜欢的城市，她教会了我基本的生活课程，比如过马路前要看两边，如何使用胶枪，以及世界上最重要的事情是帮助别人)”可知，A、B、D都正确，C项Exploring a new place alongside her mother.(和妈妈一起探索新的地方)不是卡特卡的母亲教给她的人生课程。故选C。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Will you throw responsibility to the wind? I want to travel with you.(你会把责任抛在脑后吗？我想和你一起旅行)”可知，划线句子的意思是“放下工作休息一下”。故选D.
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I want to travel with you — just you.(我想和你一起旅行——就你一个人)”及最后一段中的“Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.(我们走吧——我们可以去世界上任何地方，就你和我。你可以选地方，剩下的我来做)”可推知，作者渴望和母亲一起去旅游。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I want to travel with you — just you.(我想和你一起旅行——就你一个人)”和第三段中的“I want to travel with a strong woman who can see how capable I am of learning to speak French or hiking on a glacier or eating something as unpleasant-smelling fruit.(我想和一个坚强的女人一起旅行，她能看到我学习法语、在冰川上徒步旅行或吃一些气味难闻的水果的能力)”及最后一段中的“Let’s just go — we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.(我们走吧——我们可以去世界上任何地方，就你和我。你可以选地方，剩下的我来做)”可推知，作者写信的目的是邀请母亲一起去旅游，去看世界。故选B。
C
A KFC in North Platte, Nebraska received a letter like on other in their mailbox last week. Owner Rocky said he was shocked to see someone had written his store to apologize for stealing chicken! Along with the note were two $1 bills in order to repay for the chicken this “thief” took from the buffet(自助餐) line! Wow! Talk about an honest cheat!
There was no return address on the envelop and Rocky says he wishes he knew who this fried chicken snatcher (小偷) was! Not so he could catch her and bring her to justice but rather because he’d like to give her some free food! Rocky said, “It seems as if her conscience got the best of her. I really wish I knew who it was. I would buy her a few meals.”
The unknown moral letter writer explained just what went down while she was visiting the fast food restaurant, admitting, “This $2 is for the piece of chicken I brought home with me on Tuesday. That’s stealing. Sorry! I took more on my plate than I could eat and I knew it would get thrown away there because it couldn’t get put back on the buffet, so I put it in my purse and brought it home. I do love your chicken!”
She then asked for the restaurant’s forgiveness, since she felt someone else had already forgiven her. She said, “Anyway, God has forgiven me and I hope you will too. I will not be so quick to take so much next time. ” Lady, you are MORE than forgiven! You are on your way to being great!
8. How did the “thief” apologize to Rocky?
A. She sent him an email. B. She wrote a letter to him.
C. She visited him in person. D. She made a call to him
9. What did Rocky expect to do?
A. Bring the lady to justice. B. Find out who the lady was.
C. Reward the lady with money. D. Give the two dollars back to the lady.
10. The lady took the chicken from the restaurant because she________.
A. loved it very much B. preferred to eat it home
C. didn’t want it wasted D. didn’t want to pay for it
11. It can be inferred from the text that the writer ________.
A. disliked the lady B. didn’t forgive the lady
C. appreciated the lady a lot D. had deep pity on the lady
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。内布拉斯加州北普拉特的一家肯德基店收到了一封信，内容是一位女士为自己偷了自助餐上的鸡肉而道歉，因为她不想浪费自己多拿的食物。这位女士请求店主的原谅并保证以后不再这样做。作者认为这位女士的行为很令人钦佩。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Owner Rocky said he was shocked to see someone had written his store to apologize for stealing chicken! ”（店主洛奇说，他很震惊地看到有人写信给他的店，为偷鸡肉道歉！）可知，这个“小偷”通过写信想洛奇道歉。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“There was no return address on the envelop and Rocky says he wishes he knew who this fried chicken snatcher (小偷) was!”（信封上没有回邮地址，洛奇说他希望知道这个炸鸡小偷是谁！）可知，洛奇想找出那个女人是谁。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“I took more on my plate than I could eat and I knew it would get thrown away there because it couldn’t get put back on the buffet, so I put it in my purse and brought it home.”（我盘子里食物比我能吃的还多，我知道它们会被扔在那里，因为它们不能再放回自助餐上了，所以我把它们放在我的包里带回家了。）可知，这位女士从餐馆拿走了鸡肉，因为她不想浪费它。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Lady, you are MORE than forgiven! You are on your way to being great!”（女士，我非常原谅你！你在通往伟大的道路上！）可知，作者很欣赏这位女士。故选C。
D
Airport security is there to protect you, but it may also give you a cold -or worse .
To all the places and surfaces we’ve been warned are covered with germs－the subway seat, airplane cabins, the ATM－add the airport security trays(托盘). The plastic security trays －used at airport checkpoints around the globe and touched by millions of passengers as they drop shoes, smartphones, baggage and other items into them to clear X-ray scanners－have been found to have a variety of germs in them, including the ones responsible for the common cold, according to researchers in Europe.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland during and after peak hours in the winter of 2016 and found rhinovirus, the source of the common cold in them. They found it on half the baggage trays, more than on any of the other surfaces they tested. It wasn't found on toilet surfaces at the airport. The findings could help improve public health strategies in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide.
The European Union has funded a research project, called PANDHUB, on preventing the spread of“high--threat ” pathogens(病原体) on public transportation, and the study by the University of Nottingham is part of that project .
"The presence of germs in the environment of an airport has not been examined previously, said Niina Ikonen, who was involved in the study.
Finavia, the company that operates Helsinki Airport, said in an email,“At Finavia airports, the hygiene(卫生) standards are applied in accordance with health officials' requirements－all surfaces are cleaned daily and all security checkpoint trays, etc., are washed regularly."
Washing your hands properly and coughing into a tissue or sleeve, especially in public places, can help minimize the risk of catching infectious diseases, said Jonathan Van-Tam, a professor at the University of Nottingham. "These simple measures can help prevent the spread of germs and are most important in crowded areas like airports that have a high volume of people traveling to and from many different parts of the world." he added.
12. What should air passengers do according to Van-Tam?
A. Avoid touching other people . B. Spend less time at the airport .
C Bring as little luggage as possible . D. Try to reduce the effect of their coughs .
13. What is special about the study?
A. It focuses on"high-threat" pathogens .
B. It is the first to test for microbes on surfaces at airports.
C. It has found a new way to cure infectious diseases .
D. It has led to a research project called PANDHUB.
14. What did Finavia express in the email?
A. They explained why hygiene was important .
B. They felt quite doubtful about the findings.
C. They had recognized their mistakes .
D. They had done what was required.
15. What did the scientists find at Helsinki airport?
A. Airport security trays had a lot of germs in them.
B. Wet surfaces offered good places for germs to live.
C. Viruses spread quicker during and after peak hours.
D. Airline passengers were more likely to catch a cold on planes.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。欧洲科学家研究发现,在众多检测区域中机场安检托盘上覆盖着最多的细菌。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Washing your hands properly and coughing into a tissue or sleeve, especially in public places, can help minimize the risk of catching infectious diseases, said Jonathan Van-Tam, a professor at the University of Nottingham.（诺丁汉大学教授乔纳森·范-塔姆表示，以正确的方式洗手，并对着纸巾或袖子咳嗽，尤其是在公共场所，有助于将感染传染病的风险降至最低。）”可知，依据An-Tam教授的建议，机场旅客应该尽量在咳嗽的时候用纸巾或袖子遮掩口鼻，以降低其带来的影响。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The presence of germs in the environment of an airport has not been examined previously（机场环境中细菌的存在以前没有被检查过）”可知，这项研究独特的地方在于，它首次检测了机场的各种表面上的微生物。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At Finavia airports, the hygiene(卫生) standards are applied in accordance with health officials' requirements－all surfaces are cleaned daily and all security checkpoint trays, etc., are washed regularly.（在Finavia机场，卫生标准是按照卫生官员的要求实施的——所有表面都要每天清洁，所有安检托盘等都要定期清洗。）”可知，Finavia公司在电子邮件中表示，他们已经按照规定尽到了卫生清洁的职责。故选D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists from the University of Nottingham in England examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland... found on toilet surfaces at the airport（英国诺丁汉大学的科学家检测了芬兰赫尔辛基机场经常接触的表面……在机场厕所的表面发现的）”可知，这些科学家在对赫尔辛基机场进行检查后发现机场安检托盘有很多细菌。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make a Chinese Hot Pot
Eating a Chinese hot pot is a very common experience. People gather around the pot, dipping their food, waiting for it to cook, mixing their own seasonings(调味品)and enjoying each other's company, ____1___.
Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup. There is no right or wrong way to prepare a soup, so feel
your own. A simple soup can be made by boiling water with the additional meat bones or fish heads and a mixture of herbs, seasonings and vegetables.
Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices ____2___ choose any food that you enjoy. Some common choices for Chinese hot pot include thin pieces of beef. pork, lamb and so on. You can make your hot pot using the more traditional method of using the meats and seafood that are local to you. Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetable ____3____Mushroom of all kinds are also common to Chinese hot pot preparations.
____4____At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. ___5___.
A. Finally, arrange the seating reasonably.
B. Here are some easy steps to make a Chinese hot pot at home
C. It will guarantee that the items will cook quickly and fully
D. For more variety, consider dumplings, rice cakes and tangyuan.
E. It usually lasts a couple of hours because you are cooking and eating in small parts
F. Now comes the tom to enjoy your hot pot!
G. Popular choices include: cabbage, pea leaves, winter melon and tomato
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. G 4. A 5. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了在家中做火锅的一些步骤以及需要准备的食材等。
【1题详解】
.根据后文Firstly, prepare a large pot of soup; Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.（首先，准备一大锅汤;然后，把各种肉和鱼切成薄片。）可知此处介绍的是在家中做火锅的一些步骤，所以B项“这里有一些在家里做中国火锅的简单步骤”切题。故选B项。
【2题详解】
根据前文Then, cut a variety of meats and fish into thin slices.（然后，把各种肉和鱼切成薄片。）可知要把鱼，肉切成薄片，这样可以快速而充分的烹饪，所以C项“这样可以保证食物能快速、充分地煮熟”是正确的，与上文形成因果关系。故选C项。
【3题详解】
根据前文Meanwhile, select, wash and prepare some vegetables.（同时，选择，清洗和准备一些蔬菜。）可知同时还要准备一些蔬菜，所以下文应该列举出一些比较受欢迎的蔬菜的选择。G项“受欢迎的蔬菜包括：卷心菜、豌豆叶、冬瓜和西红柿”符合题意，故选G项。
【4题详解】
根据后文At home, a single hot pot would work well up to 4-8 people depending on the size of the pot. Make sure everyone is sitting in a circle and has easy access to everything on the table. Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings. （在家里，一个火锅最多可以容纳4-8个人，这取决于火锅的大小。要确保每个人都围成一圈坐着，很容易就能拿到桌上的所有东西。为每位客人准备一个单独的小菜来混合他们的调味料。）可知本段介绍了要合理安排座位，所以A选项“最后，合理安排座位”是正确的。故选A项。
【5题详解】
根据前文“Prepare a separate small dish for each guest to mix their seasonings.（为每位客人准备一个单独的小菜来混合他们的调味料。）”可知要给每人准备一个单独的小盘子，接下来就可以享用火锅了，所以F项“现在来享受你的火锅了!”切题，故选F项。
第三部分 语法知识综合运用
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again. To my ___1___, it was the same score.
Later that evening, I ___2___ told Frank what I had learned that day. After talking it over, we agree that we knew our ____3____much better than an IQ test. We ____4____that Michael’s score must have been a ___5___ and we should treat him ____6____as usual.
We moved to Indiana in 1962, and Michael studied at Concordia High School in the same year. He got ___7___ grades in the school, especially ___8___ biology and chemistry, which was a great comfort.
Michael ___9___ Indiana University in 1965 as a premedical student, soon afterwards, his teachers permitted him to take more courses than ____10____. In 1968, he was accepted by the School of Medicine, Yale University.
On graduation day in 1972, Frank and I ____11____ the ceremony at Yale. After the ceremony, we told Michael about the ____12____ IQ score he got when he was six. Since that day, Michael sometimes would look at us and say ____13____, “My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!” It is his special way of thanking us for the ____14____ we had in him.
Interestingly, Michael then ____15____another IQ test. We went to the same clinic where he had ___16___ the test eighteen years before. This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points. A result like that was supposed to be ____17____.
Children often do as ____18____ as what adults, particularly parents and teachers,____19____ of them. That is, tell a child he is “ ____20____”, and he may play the role of a foolish child.
1. A. joy B. surprise C. dislike D. disappointment
2. A. tearfully B. fearfully C. cheerfully D. hopefully
3. A. student B. son C. friend D. doctor
4. A. argued B. realized C. decided D. understood
5. A. joke B. mistake C. warning D wonder
6. A. specially B. strictly C. naturally D. carefully
7. A. poor B. good C. average D. standard
8. A. in B. about C. of D. for
9. A. visited B. chose C. passed D. entered
10. A. allowed B. described C. required D. offered
11. A. missed B. held C. delayed D. attended
12. A. high B. same C. low D. different
13. A. curiously B. eagerly C. calmly D. jokingly
14. A. faith B. interest C. pride D. delight
15. A. looked for B. asked for C. waited for D. prepared for
16. A. received B. accepted C. organized D. discussed
17. A. imperfect B. impossible C. uncertain D. unsatisfactory
18. A. honestly B. much C. well D. bravely
19. A. hear B. learn C. expect D. speak
20. A. wise B. rude C. shy D. stupid
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。对于成功，智商真的有那么重要吗？文章通过一个故事告诉了我们到底重要不重要！Micheal六岁时智商测试的分数很低，但父母没有告诉他这个结果，而是像往常一样对他。后来Micheal考入印第安纳的医学专业，后来成功成为一名医生。
【1题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：让我失望的是，又是同样的得分。A. joy 快乐；B. surprise惊讶；C. dislike不喜欢；D. disappointment失望。根据上文的“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可知，作者的儿子智商测试得分不高，她让专家再测试一次，结果分数一样低，这让她很失望。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：那天晚些时候，我喊着泪告诉弗兰克我了解的事情。A. tearfully含泪地；B. fearfully恐惧地；C. cheerfully高兴地；D. hopefully充满希望地。根据上文中“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可判断出由于Michael测试成绩不好而感到难过，因此是含着眼泪把这件事告诉Frank。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在谈论之后，我们一致认为我们比智商测试结果更了解自己的儿子。A. student学生；B. son儿子；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据下文中的“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!”可判断出作者是Michael的母亲，即作者和丈夫在讨论关于儿子的事情。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样对他。A. argued 争辩；B. realized意识到；C. decided决定；D. understood明白。根据下文的“we should treat him ___6___ as usual.”可知，这是作者和丈夫讨论后的决定。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样自然地对他。A. joke玩笑；B. mistake错误；C. warning警告；D wonder奇妙。根据下文中的“we should treat him 6 as usual”可判断出他们决定把Michael智力测试的分数作为一次错误的成绩。故选B 。
【6题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：我们决定智商测试肯定错了，我们要想往常一样自然地对他。A. specially特殊地；B. strictly严厉地； C. naturally自然地；D. carefully仔细地。根据下文的“as usual”可知，作者和丈夫决定像往常一样自然地对待儿子。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：他在高中获得了很好的分数，尤其在生物和化学方面，这对我们来说是个巨大的安慰。A. poor穷的；B. good好的；C. average 平均的；D. standard标准的。根据下文的“which was a great comfort”可判断出Michael获得了好的学习成绩。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：他在高中获得了很好的分数，尤其在生物和化学方面，这对我们来说是个巨大的安慰。A. in在……方面; B. about关于；C. of属于……的；D. for为了；根据其宾语“biology and chemistry”可判断出尤其是生物和化学方面Michael的成绩特别优，用in符合语境。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：Micheal在1965年以医学预科生的身份进入印第安纳大学，很快，他的老师允许他上比这门学科所要求的更多的课程。A. visited参观；B. chose选择；C. passed通过；D. entered进入。根据下文的“Indiana University”可推知，Michael进入了Indiana University。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：Michael在1965年以首席医学学生进入印第安纳大学，很快，他的老师允许他上比这门学科所需要的更多的课程。A. allowed允许；B. described描述；C. required要求；D. offered提供。根据句意可知，Michael上的课比要求的课要多。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：1972年Michael毕业那天，弗兰克和我参加了在耶鲁大学的典礼。A. missed错过；B. held举行；C. delayed推迟；D. attended 参加。根据下文的“After the ceremony”可知，作者和丈夫去参加了儿子的毕业典礼。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典礼之后，我们告诉Michael他在6岁智商测试时得低分的事情。A. high高的；B. same相同的；C. low低的；D. different不同的。根据上文的内容可判断出Michael在小时候的智商是很低的，这时，作者把他智商分数很低这件事告诉了他。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：自那天起，Michael时不时地用开玩笑的口吻看着我们说：“我亲爱的妈妈和爸爸直到我从医学院毕业才告诉我我不能当医生。” A. curiously好奇地；B. eagerly热心地；C. calmly平静地；D. jokingly开玩笑地。根据Michael说的话“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!”可知，他以开玩笑的口吻对自己的父母说。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这是他特别的感谢我们曾经信任他的方式。A. faith信任；B. interest兴趣；C. pride骄傲；D. delight高兴。根据上文的内容可知，Michael在小时候的智商的分数很低，但他的父母并没有把他当作弱智的儿童对待，而是像对待其他的孩子那样对待他，正是这种信任使他在学业上取得了成绩。故选 A。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有趣的是，Michael后来要求了另外一次智商测试。A. looked for寻找；B. asked for 要求；C. waited for等待；D. prepared for 准备。根据下文的“We went to the same clinic”和“This time Michael scored 126,an increase of 36 points.”可知，Michael要求再做一次智商测试。故选B。
【16题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我们去了18年前他接受智商测试的那个相同的诊所。A. received受到；B. accepted接受； C. organized组织；D. discussed讨论。根据上文中的“In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.”可判断出18年前 Michael在这个诊所里接受过智商测试。receive和accept均可表示“接收，接受”,但receive表示接收者客观地收到，不表示愿意接受与否。accept表示收到者经过考虑，观上愿意接受所接之物。故此处用receive符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：一个被认为是不可能的结果。A. imperfect不完美的；B. impossible不可能的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. unsatisfactory不能令人满意的。根据上文中的“This time Michael scored 126,an increase of 36 points.”可知，一个人智商增加了30分被认为是不可能的事。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：儿童像成年人那样做得一样好，尤其是父母和老师期待他们时。A. honestly诚实地；B. much很，非常；C. well好地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据上文的“Michael ___9___ Indiana University in 1965 as a premedical student,”可知，Michael被印第安纳大学录取为医学预科生。由此推知，此处是指孩子会做得很好。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：儿童像成年人那样做得一样好，尤其是父母和老师期待他们时。A. hear听见；B. learn学习；C. expect期待；D. speak说。根据句意可知，此处是指有了父母和老师的期待，孩子会做得很好。 故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：也就说，告诉一个孩子他是愚蠢的，那么他就会扮演一个愚蠢孩子的角色。A. wise明智的；B. rude粗鲁的；C. shy害羞的；D. stupid愚蠢的。根据下文中的“he may play the role of a foolish child”可知，此处用“愚蠢的”符合语境。故选D。
第二节：语法填空 (共10小题；每小题2分,共20分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空
When it comes to the world of artificial intelligence (A1) in a shocking change of roles, robots are now teaching humans ___1___ to be more humane .
Human Pharmacy created an Al algorithm(算法) for their call centers that instructs employees to be ___2___(kind) and more compassionate(有同情心的) to customers. The system ___3___(build) by Cogito, an Al firm, and takes ___4___ new look at how we can use Al for good.
The program is designed ___5___(tell) the call center employees if they are speaking too quickly, too loudly or softly or if they have remained quiet for a given amount of time. The Al looks for certain behaviors and ___6___(pattern) that would indicate unkind communication such as a raised voice, fast speaking, long silences and other indicators ___7___could be tied to lack of compassion or depression. The program’s intention is to have the agents better understand how to communicate more efficiently by ___8___ (analyze) vocal cues(信号).
CEO of Cogito, Joshua Feast, said that he viewed the system as more of a coach ___9___ a replacement for employees. "I don't think human customer agents will be ___10___(complete) replaced." Feast said. "Humans will always want to talk to other humans . The reason is that only other humans really understand us .”
【答案】
1. how 2. kinder 3. is built 4. a 5. to tell
6. patterns 7. that/which 8. analyzing 9. than 10. completely
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了AI（人工智能）现在逐渐变得更人性化以更好地服务人们的生活，但是它并不会完全取代人工客服。
【1题详解】
考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 结构。句意：当谈到人工智能这个角色发生了令人震惊的变化时，机器人正在教人类如何变得更加人性化。分析句意的需要可知，此处应填入特殊疑问词how，表示“如何”，“how to be more humane”这个结构是由特殊疑问词（how ）与不定式短语连用而形成的，它相当于一个名词，在本句中作teach的宾语，故填how。
【2题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：Humana Pharmacy为他们的客服中心创建了一个AI算法，该算法指导员工对客户要更友善、更有同情心。根据and后面的“more compassionate”可知，此处应该填入形容词kind 的比较级和它并列，故填kinder。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：该系统是由一家名为Cogito的AI公司构建的，并重新审视了如何正面利用AI。结合and后面的takes可知，该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语system（单数意义）和build之间是被动关系，句子应该使用被动语态，故填is built。
【4题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该系统是由一家名为Cogito的AI公司构建的，并重新审视了如何正面利用AI。look（名词）在句中为泛指意义，new是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此其前使用不定冠词a，take a new look at意为“重新检视”，故填a。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：该程序是用来提醒客服中心的员工他们是否说话太快，太大声或太温柔，或者某段时间内没有说话。固定短语be designed to do：旨在，目的是，不定式在句中作目的状语，故填to tell。
【6题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：AI会找出表明不友善沟通的特定行为和模式，例如提高声音，说话快，长时间的沉默和那些可能与同情心的缺乏或压抑有关的其他指标。pattern（模式）在句中是可数名词，应使用复数和behaviors并列，故填patterns。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：AI会找出表明不友善沟通的特定行为和模式，例如提高声音，说话快，长时间的沉默和那些可能与同情心的缺乏或压抑有关的其他指标。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词indicators（指物）意为“指标”，它在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8题详解】
考查动名词。句意：该程序的目的是让代理人可以更好地了解如何透过声音信号的分析来达到更有效率的沟通。介词by后面使用动名词作宾语，故填analyzing。
【9题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：Cogito的首席执行官Joshua Feast表示，他认为该系统更像是教练，而不是雇员的替代品。固定搭配more of a ... than ... 表示“ 比……更具有……的气质（特点）”，故填than。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意：Feast说道，“我认为人工客服中心不会被完全取代”。使用副词作状语修饰动词replaced，故填completely。
第四部分：写作（满分20分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Christmas Day. Pappy was working alone fixing an old lantern in the backroom when he heard the ringing of his bell on the shop door. The bell, which produced a uniquely pleasant sound, had been in Pappy’s family for over a hundred years. He valued it dearly and enjoyed sharing its song with all who came to his shop. Although the bell hung on the inside of the main door, Pappy had tied a wire to the screen door so that it would ring whether the inner door was open or not. Hearing the bell, he left the backroom to greet his customer.
“And how can I help you, little lady?” Pappy’s voice was joyful.
“Hello, sir.” The little girl spoke almost in a whisper. She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes, and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special. Shyly she told him, “I’d like to buy a present, sir.”
“Well, let’s see,” Pappy said, “who is this present for?”
“My grandpa. It’s for my grandpa. But I don’t know what to get.”
Pappy began to make suggestions. “How about a pocket watch? It’s in good condition.” The little girl didn’t answer. She had walked to the doorway and put her small hand on the door. She shook the door gently to ring the bell. Pappy’s face seemed to glow as he saw her smiling with excitement.
“This is just right.” the little girl said. “Momma says grandpa loves music.”
Just then, Pappy’s expression changed. Fearful of breaking the little girl’s heart, he told her, “I’m sorry, Missy. That’s not for sale. Maybe your grandpa would like this little radio.”
The girl looked at the radio, bowed her head, and sadly sighed, “No, I don’t think so.”
In an effort to help her understand, Pappy told her that the bell had been his only companion, for the rest of his family were all gone, except for his estranged (疏远的) daughter whom he had not seen for nearly a decade.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked up at him. _________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop, he heard a familiar ringing. ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
读后续写
文章第一段主要介绍了Pappy店的门铃响了,本段主要介绍了门铃的特别，以及他对作者的意义，而接下来的几段是小女孩与Pappy的对话，内容反映出小女孩看中的是Pappy的门铃。续写的第一段的第一句话已经给出，从这句话可以看出当小女孩得知铃不卖后很失望，再看下一段第一句，Pappy又听到了熟悉的声音，显然Pappy最后还是卖给女孩了。因此第一段主要写Pappy忍痛割爱，把门铃卖给女孩的过程，而第二段应该是卖了门铃之后,小女孩为Pappy做的事情。
With a giant tear in her eye, the little girl looked up at him. She managed a forced smile, murmuring“Thank you, anyway” and walked towards the door. Suddenly Pappy thought of his estranged daughter. Feeling a lump in his throat, Pappy called out,“How much have you got to spend, Missy?” Hearing this, the little girl emptied her purse onto the counter --- two dollars. After a quick struggle in his mind, Pappy said,“Today is Christmas Day and this is your lucky day. The bell costs exactly two dollars.” Holding the special bell close to her chest, the child danced out.
Later that evening when Pappy was closing up the shop, he heard a familiar ringing. He couldn’t believe his ears! There in the doorway stood the little girl, ringing the bell and smiling sweetly. Puzzled, Pappy approached her. “Have you changed your mind, little lady?” “No.”the child grinned, “Momma says the present is for you.”Before Pappy had time to say another word, the child’s mother stepped in. Holding back her tears, she gently said,“Hello, Dad.”
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