Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 知识盘点

Unit 4  JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND一、重点短语1.please vt.使高兴;使满意pleased adj.高兴的;满意的pleasing adj.令人愉快的pleasure n.愉悦;快乐She was very pleased with her exam results.她对自己的考试成绩非常满意。2.arise from/out of 由……引起/产生;从……中产生The country’s present difficulties arise from/out of the shortage of petroleum.这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。【温馨提示】arise为不及物动词,表示“出现,发生”时,主语一般为argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble等抽象名词,无被动语态。3.(1)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸catch one’s breath喘息;恢复正常呼吸lose one’s breath喘不过气来take a deep breath深呼吸take sb’s breath away令人惊叹out of breath上气不接下气4.be bound to do一定会做……;注定会做……be bound for准备去……When you are dealing with so many problems,mistakes are bound to happen.当你处理那么多问题的时候,肯定会出错。5.freeze vt.& vi.(froze,frozen)结冰;(使)冻住frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室It’s so cold that even the river has frozen.天气冷得河都封冻了。6.anticipate problems/difficulties预见问题/困难anticipate doing sth预料做某事It is anticipated that…… 人们预料……It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications.预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际应用。7.(2)or rather更确切地说other than除……之外(常用于否定句中)more than超过;多于The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.这个表格不能由除你以外的任何人签字。【温馨提示】rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。8.a number of “许多”,后接可数名词的复数形式。He has a number of interests,ranging from playing chess to swimming.他的爱好很多,下棋、游泳都有涉猎。【词汇拓展】“a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。9.contrary to与……相反on the contrary相反Contrary to expectation,he didn’t win in the contest.与预期相反,他在竞赛中没有获奖。10.in表示在某范围内,on指与某地毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.长春在中国的东北部。(范围之内)Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古在中国的北面。(范围之外,接壤)Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。(范围之外,不接壤)【词汇拓展】off表示“离……一些距离”或“离……不远的海上”。New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.新西兰位于澳大利亚的东海岸。(离开一段距离)11.proceed with sth继续做某事proceed to do sth继续做某事proceed towards/to朝……行进We’re not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.我们不确定是否还要继续促销。12.(1)It astonishes sb that...令某人惊讶的是……(2)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的astonished adj.感到惊讶的be astonished at/by sth因/对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶(3)astonishment n.惊讶to one’s astonishment使某人惊奇的是13.advertise vt.& vi.为……做广告;做广告advertiser n.广告商;广告人员If you want to attract more customers,try advertising in the local paper.如果你想要吸引更多顾客,就试试在当地报纸登广告。14.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人owe it to sb that...把……归功于某人owing to因为;由于I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family.我很感激我的家人。二、重点句式1.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9时30分,他们才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子的时间状语until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的强调句为It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。2.They must have spent a pleasant evening together.他们在一起一定度过了一个愉快的夜晚。【句式剖析】句中的must have been是must have done结构,表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“过去一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it.你过去一定进行了广泛阅读并投入了大量的工作。【句式拓展】(1)表示对过去发生的事情否定或疑问的推测要用can或could。Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。(2)may/might have done也可表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。—What has happened to George?——乔治发生了什么事?—I don’t know.He may have got lost.——我不知道,他可能迷路了。3.Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years.中国人来这里已经一百多年了。【句式剖析】本句是一个现在完成进行时结构,表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也有可能继续进行下去。I’m sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year.我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功学习。4.It is said that a person who travels far knows more.人们说读万卷书不如行万里路。【句式剖析】It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,在主语从句中有一个who引导的定语从句。It is said that...意为“据说……”。It is thought that...据认为……It is believed that...人们相信……It is reported that...据报道……It is hoped that...人们希望……It is well-known that...众所周知……